Preparation and characterization of solid dispersion of novel dual antiplatelet agent BF061 for oral use

Development and assessment of immediate-release tablets containing clopidogrel bisulphate & aspirin-strategy for optimizing the combination formulation

The main goal of the study was to improve the compliance and convenience of patients by designing and development of an immediate release (IR) fixed-dose combination (Clopidogrel bisulphate and Aspirin) tablets. The proposed combination product utilizes Clopidogrel to protect the moisture-sensitive aspirin component, enhancing its stability against atmospheric conditions. Response-surface approach (Design Expert vs. 13) was used to generate this IR tablet by calculating the right composition of independent variables such as Microcrystalline cellulose 102, pregelatinized starch and Hydroxypropyl cellulose. 32 factorial design was used to estimate the effects of these independent variables on the responses of dependent variables (disintegration & friability) and constructed a total of nine (9) formulations. Pre and Post formulation, quality control parameters were investigated as per pharmacopeia. A systematic approach was used for the optimization process and a prototype checkpoint batch (CPB) based on the better contrast of independent variables was prepared. In vitro analysis of formulations was carried out to estimate the responses. Friability was found in the range of 0.088-1.076%w/w, except F1 = 1.076 all are within limits (NMT 1.0%). Disintegration time was recorded 7.3 ± 1.20 as lower and 24.5 ± 1.63 min was the highest. The release of drugs from their dosage form was fast and rapid, for clopidogrel after 15min was 70.42-96.82% with SD ± 8.71 and aspirin was 69.88-91.49% in 15 min with SD ± 6.41, all the tablets were released more than 80% in 20 min. The stability outcomes of CPB tablets after 15 days of stress study (60 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5%) indicated good compatibility and stability of APIs with excipients. It was concluded that the direct compression method can be preferred to prepare a combination product with cost-effectiveness. It was also concluded that the proposed methodology could increase Aspirin's stability and allow for an aqueous coating system to finish the product with a film coating. By using Design Expert software, the best composition of the formulation can be selected and optimized in a short period of time with minimum trial and errors. The results also demonstrated that the use of a fixed-dose combination tablet instead of the individual is expected to be more convenient to patients and thus improves patient compliance and decreases the occurrence of adverse effects and side effects.

Innovative strategies for effective paclitaxel delivery: Recent developments and prospects

PURPOSE

Paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against a variety of cancer types. However, the clinical utility of paclitaxel is restricted by its poor solubility in water and high toxicity, resulting in low drug tolerance. These difficulties could be resolved by using suitable pharmacological carriers. Hence, it is essential to determine innovative methods of administering this effective medication to overcome paclitaxel's inherent limitations.

METHODS

An extensive literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases to identify relevant studies published.

RESULTS

In this comprehensive analysis, many different paclitaxel delivery systems are covered and discussed, such as albumin-bound paclitaxel, polymeric micelles, paclitaxel-loaded liposomes, prodrugs, cyclodextrins, and peptide-taxane conjugates. Moreover, the review also covers various delivery routes of conventional paclitaxel or novel paclitaxel formulations, such as oral administration, local applications, and intraperitoneal delivery.

CONCLUSION

In addition to albumin-bound paclitaxel, polymeric micelles appear to be the most promising formulations for innovative drug delivery systems at present. A variety of variants of polymeric micelles are currently undergoing advanced phases of clinical trials.

Current development in the formulations of non-injection administration of paclitaxel

Paclitaxel (PTX) belongs to a class of taxane anti-tumor drug used for the clinic treatment of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, and so on. PTX has poor water solubility and oral bioavailability. It is generally administered via intravenous (i.v.) infusion. Traditional PTX injectable preparations contain Cremophor-EL and ethanol to improve its solubility, which would result in adverse reactions like severe hypersensitivity, neutropenia, etc. Adverse reactions can be reduced only by complicated pretreatment with glucocorticoid and antihistamines drugs and followed by PTX slow infusion for three hours, which has brought significant inconvenience to the patients. Though, a new-generation PTX formulation, Abraxane, free of Cremophor-EL and ethanol, is still being administrated by frequent i.v. infusions and extremely expensive. Therefore, non-injection administration of PTX is urgently needed to avoid the side effects as well as reduce inconvenience to the patients. Recently, a variety of non-injection drug delivery systems (DDSs) of PTX have been developed. This review aims to discuss the progress of non-injectable administration systems of PTX, including oral administration systems, vaginal administration systems, implantable DDSs, transdermal DDSs and intranasal administration for the future study and clinical applications.