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Damodaran A, Zachariah SM, Nair SC. Novel therapeutic approaches for the management of hepatitis infections. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:211-232. [PMID: 38410933 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) & hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a substantial reason for morbidity and mortality around the world. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is connected with an enhanced risk of liver cirrhosis, liver decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Conventional therapy do face certain challenges, for example, poor tolerability and the growth of active resistance. Thus, novel treatment procedures are essential to accomplish the initiation of strong and stable antiviral immune reactions of the individuals. This review explores the current nanotechnology-based carriers for drug and vaccine delivery to treat HBV and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Damodaran
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Subin Mary Zachariah
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Sreeja Chandrasekharan Nair
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
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2
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Chowdhury N, Kundu A. Nanotechnology Platform for Advancing Vaccine Development against the COVID-19 Virus. Diseases 2023; 11:177. [PMID: 38131983 PMCID: PMC10742622 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on societies, public health, healthcare systems, and the world economy. With over 771 million people infected worldwide and a staggering death toll exceeding 6,960,783 as of 4 October 2023 (according to the World Health Organization), the urgency for a solution was paramount. Since the outbreak, the demand for immediate treatment for COVID-19 viral infection, as well as for effective vaccination against this virus, was soaring, which led scientists, pharmaceutical/biotech companies, government health agencies, etc., to think about a treatment strategy that could control and minimize this outbreak as soon as possible. Vaccination emerged as the most effective strategy to combat this infectious disease. For vaccination strategies, any conventional vaccine approach using attenuated live or inactivated/engineered virus, as well as other approaches, typically requires years of research and assessment. However, the urgency of the situation promoted a faster and more effective approach to vaccine development against COVID-19. The role of nanotechnology in designing, manufacturing, boosting, and delivering vaccines to the host to counter this virus was unquestionably valued and assessed. Several nanoformulations are discussed here in terms of their composition, physical properties, credibility, and applications in past vaccine development (as well as the possibility of using those used in previous applications for the generation of the COVID-19 vaccine). Controlling and eliminating the spread of the virus and preventing future recurrence requires a safe, tolerable, and effective vaccine strategy. In this review, we discuss the potential of nanoformulations as the basis for an effective vaccine strategy against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anup Kundu
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
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Bezbaruah R, Chavda VP, Nongrang L, Alom S, Deka K, Kalita T, Ali F, Bhattacharjee B, Vora L. Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems for Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111946. [PMID: 36423041 PMCID: PMC9694785 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is still the most cost-effective way to combat infectious illnesses. Conventional vaccinations may have low immunogenicity and, in most situations, only provide partial protection. A new class of nanoparticle-based vaccinations has shown considerable promise in addressing the majority of the shortcomings of traditional and subunit vaccines. This is due to recent breakthroughs in chemical and biological engineering, which allow for the exact regulation of nanoparticle size, shape, functionality, and surface characteristics, resulting in improved antigen presentation and robust immunogenicity. A blend of physicochemical, immunological, and toxicological experiments can be used to accurately characterize nanovaccines. This narrative review will provide an overview of the current scenario of the nanovaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, Gujarat, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Lawandashisha Nongrang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Shahnaz Alom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science-Tezpur, Sonitpur 784501, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Deka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Mirza, Guwahati 781125, Assam, India
| | - Tutumoni Kalita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Azara, Guwahati 781017, Assam, India
| | - Farak Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science-Tezpur, Sonitpur 784501, Assam, India
| | - Bedanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science-Tezpur, Sonitpur 784501, Assam, India
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Understanding the role of electrostatic interactions on the association of 5-fluorouracil to chitosan-TPP nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Mukhtar M, Fényes E, Bartos C, Zeeshan M, Ambrus R. Chitosan biopolymer, its derivatives and potential applications in nano-therapeutics: A comprehensive review. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Mallakpour S, Azadi E, Hussain CM. Chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, gums, and β-glucan as potent adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems for viral threats including SARS-CoV-2: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1931-1940. [PMID: 34048834 PMCID: PMC8146404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen transmission is a widespread threat to global human health. Vaccines are very important during the outbreak of a pandemic. Destructive fractures caused by a sudden outbreak of COVID-19 have spurred vaccine production at an unprecedented rate. The strategy of an effective vaccine delivery system is opening up novel probabilities to make more immunization. Indeed, vaccination is the most successful way to prevent deaths from infectious diseases. In order to optimal immune response production or improvement in the effectiveness of vaccines, delivery systems or adjuvants are required. Natural polymers such as chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, gums, and β-glucan with antiviral activity have good potential as adjuvant or delivery systems for vaccine formulation development and design vaccine delivery devices. According to the antiviral performance and immunomodulation of these biopolymers, they will play significant characters in the anti-COVID-19 field. In this mini-review, the recent progress in vaccine development by using biopolymers is presented which, provides a reference for their research on anti-COVID-19 drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadpour Mallakpour
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Elham Azadi
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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7
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Rezaei F, Keshvari H, Shokrgozar MA, Doroud D, Gholami E, Khabiri A, Farokhi M. Nano-adjuvant based on silk fibroin for the delivery of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2679-2695. [PMID: 33605970 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01518k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has a vital role in vaccine development. Nano-adjuvants, as robust delivery systems, could stimulate immune responses. Using nanoparticles (NPs) in vaccine formulations enhances the target delivery, immunogenicity, and stability of the antigens. Herein, silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNPs) were used as a nano-adjuvant for delivering recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). HBsAg was loaded physically and chemically on the surface of SFNPs. The HBsAg-loaded SFNPs had a spherical morphology. The in vitro release studies showed that HBsAg had a continuous and slow release from SFNPs during 56 days. During this time, ∼45.6% and 34.1% HBsAg was released from physical-SFNPs and chemical-SFNPs, respectively. HBsAg-loaded SFNPs were also stable for six months with slight changes in the size, surface charge, and morphology. The results of circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the released HBsAg preserved the native secondary and tertiary structures. The quantitative cellular uptake study also showed that physical-SFNPs were taken up more into J774A.1 macrophage cells than chemical-SFNPs. After 28 and 56 days post-injection, the immunogenicity studies showed that the specific total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a levels against HBsAg were significantly higher in the physically loaded group than in the chemically loaded group and commercial hepatitis B vaccine. IgG2a levels were detected only in mice immunized with physical-SFNPs. However, the low levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ were produced in all vaccinated groups and differences in mean values were not significant compared with control groups. Results indicated an improvement in the levels of anti-HBsAg IgG in mice immunized with the physical-SFNPs group compared to other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Pardeshi CV, Agnihotri VV, Patil KY, Pardeshi SR, Surana SJ. Mannose-anchored N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles for pulmonary administration of etofylline. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:445-459. [PMID: 32987078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery to lungs via pulmonary administration offers potential for the development of new drug delivery systems. Here we fabricated the etofylline (ETO) encapsulated mannose-anchored N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (Mn-TMC NPs). The prominent characteristics like biocompatibility, controlled release, targeted delivery, high penetrability, enhanced physical stability, and scalability mark Mn-TMC NPs as a viable alternative to various nanoplatform technologies for effective drug delivery. Mannosylation of TMC NPs leads to the evolution of new drug delivery vehicle with gratifying characteristics, and potential benefits in efficient drug therapy. It is widely accepted that following pulmonary administration, the introduction of mannose to the surface of drug nanocarriers provide selective macrophage targeting via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The fabricated Mn-TMC NPs exhibited particle size of 223.3 nm, PDI 0.490, and ζ-potential -19.1 mV, drug-loading capacity 76.26 ± 1.2%, and encapsulation efficiency of 91.75 ± 0.88%. Sustained drug release, biodegradation studies, stability, safety, and aerodynamic behavior revealed the effectiveness of prepared nanoformulation for pulmonary administration. In addition, the in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in Wistar rat model revealed a significant improvement in therapeutic efficacy of ETO, illustrating mannosylation a promising approach for efficient therapy of airway diseases following pulmonary administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakantsing V Pardeshi
- Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vinit V Agnihotri
- Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kusumakar Y Patil
- Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar R Pardeshi
- University Institute of Chemical Technology, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay J Surana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, Maharashtra, India
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Kheirollahpour M, Mehrabi M, Dounighi NM, Mohammadi M, Masoudi A. Nanoparticles and Vaccine Development. Pharm Nanotechnol 2020; 8:6-21. [PMID: 31647394 DOI: 10.2174/2211738507666191024162042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the progress of conventional vaccines, improvements are required due to concerns about the low immunogenicity of the toxicity, instability, and the need for multiple administrations of the vaccines. To overcome the mentioned problems, nanotechnology has recently been incorporated into vaccine development. Nanotechnology increasingly plays an important role in vaccine development nanocarrier-based delivery systems that offer an opportunity to increase the cellular and humoral immune responses. The use of nanoparticles in vaccine formulations allows not only enhanced immunogenicity and stability of antigen, but also targeted delivery and slow release. Over the past decade, nanoscale size materials such as virus-like particles, liposomes, ISCOMs, polymeric, inorganic nanoparticles and emulsions have gained attention as potential delivery vehicles for vaccine antigens, which can both stabilize vaccine antigens and act as adjuvants. This advantage is attributable to the nanoscale particle size, which facilitates uptake by Antigen- Presenting Cells (APCs), then leading to efficient antigen recognition and presentation. Modifying the surfaces of nanoparticles with different targeting moieties permits the delivery of antigens to specific receptors on the cell surface, thereby stimulating selective and specific immune responses. This review provides an overview of recent advances in nanovaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kheirollahpour
- Department of Human Vaccine and Serum, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.,Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14334-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Naser Mohammadpour Dounighi
- Department of Human Vaccine and Serum, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Alireza Masoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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10
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Sadeghi Z, Fasihi-Ramandi M, Azizi M, Bouzari S. Mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles loaded with FliC antigen as a novel vaccine candidate against Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus infection. J Biotechnol 2020; 310:89-96. [PMID: 32017955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide bacterial zoonosis disease. Live attenuated Brucella vaccines have several drawbacks. Thus development of a safe and effective vaccine for brucellosis is a concern of many scientists. FliC protein contributes in virulence of Brucella; hence, it is a promising target for brucellosis vaccine. In this study, Mannosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles (MCN) loaded with FliC protein were synthesized as a targeted vaccine delivery system. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of FliC and FliC-MCN against Brucella infection were evaluated in BALB/c mice. After cloning, expression and purification, FliC protein was loaded on MCN. The particle size, loading efficiency and in vitro release of the NPs were determined. Our investigation revealed that FliC and FliC-MCN could significantly increase specific IgG response (higher IgG2a titers). Besides, spleen cells from immunized mice produced high level of IFN-γ and IL-2 and low level IL-10 cytokines. Immunization with FliC and FliC-MCN conferred significant degree of protection against B. melitensis 16 M and B. abortus 544 infections. Overall these results indicate that FliC protein would be a novel potential antigen candidate for the development of a subunit vaccine against B. melitensis and B. abortus. Moreover, MCN could be used as an adjuvant and targeted vaccine delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azizi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Yu S, Hao S, Sun B, Zhao D, Yan X, Jin Z, Zhao K. Quaternized Chitosan Nanoparticles in Vaccine Applications. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4932-4944. [PMID: 30827229 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190227192527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Different natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers have been used in vaccine formulations as adjuvant and delivery system but have faced various limitations. Chitosan is a new delivery system with the potential to improve development of nano vaccines and drugs. However, chitosan is only soluble in acidic solutions of low concentration inorganic acids such as dilute acetic acid and dilute hydrochloric acid and in pure organic solvents, which greatly limits its application. Chemical modification of chitosan is an important way to improve its weak solubility. Quaternized chitosan not only retains the excellent properties of chitosan, but also improves its water solubility for a wider application. Recently, quaternized chitosan nanoparticles have been widely used in biomedical field. This review focuses on some quaternized chitosan nanoparticles, and points out the advantages and research direction of quaternized chitosan nanoparticles. As shown by the applications of quaternized chitosan nanoparticles as adjuvant and delivery carrier in vaccines, quaternized chitosan nanoparticles have promising potential in application for the development of nano vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Shengnan Hao
- Animal Husbandry Bureau of Hekou District, Dongying City, Shandong 257200, China
| | - Beini Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Dongying Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xingye Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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Heydari S, Hedayati Ch M, Saadat F, Abedinzade M, Nikokar I, Aboutaleb E, Khafri A, Mokarram AR. Diphtheria toxoid nanoparticles improve learning and memory impairment in animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 72:814-826. [PMID: 32048245 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving memory. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of encapsulated diphtheria toxoid (DT) on behavioral learning impairment, and XBP1 mRNA splicing in AD. METHODS A DT-loaded nanoparticle (NP) carrier was prepared using the ionic gelation method. Sixty-three rats were divided into nine groups: (1) healthy, (2-4) sham, and (5-9) AD models: (5) AD was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid beta (Aβ) 1-42. (6) The rats received a subcutaneous diphtheria vaccine only 28 days before Aβ injection. (7) The rats received an intranasal diphtheria vaccine, in group 8, induced by administering empty chitosan NPs. 9) it was induced by administering chitosan NPs carrying DT. Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to examine the animals' learning and memory. Also, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) mRNA gene splicing was studied in the hippocampus by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS For the first time, chitosan NPs were prepared with an average diameter size of 40 nm and the effectiveness of approximately 70% during DT encapsulation. In comparison with the healthy group, the AD models exhibited significant impairment of learning and memory (P < 0.05), while DT-administrated animals showed significant improvements in learning and memory impairment (P < 0.05). XBP-1 mRNA gene splicing was only detected in an untreated AD group, while encapsulated DT completely inhibited splicing. CONCLUSION The therapeutic effects of DT chitosan NPs against learning and memory impairment were observed in this study, and XBP1 mRNA splicing was reported in the animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Heydari
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hedayati Ch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farshid Saadat
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahmood Abedinzade
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Iraj Nikokar
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Aboutaleb
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Khafri
- Quality Control of Bacterial and Parasitic Vaccine Department, Quality Control Management, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei Mokarram
- Quality Control of Bacterial and Parasitic Vaccine Department, Quality Control Management, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Rezaei M, Hosseini SN, Khavari-Nejad RA, Najafi F, Mahdavi M. HBs antigen and mannose loading on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles in order to immuno-targeting: fabrication, characterization, cellular and humoral immunoassay. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1543-1558. [PMID: 31007088 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1577888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mannosylation of nanovaccine is an appropriate strategy for targeting the mannose receptors on DCs. Here, HBsAg and mannose loaded on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles to increases HBsAg vaccine potency. Nanoparticles are made by co-precipitation method and bonded to the HBsAg and mannose by chemical bonding. The physicochemical properties of nano-vaccines, their toxicity and antigenicity were determined. The synthesized nano-vaccine showed spherical shape with a mean particle size of 60 nm, a zeta potential of -44 mV, an antigen-binding efficiency of around 100% and for mannose 78%. In vitro release of nanoparticles exhibited about 30% at the first day and about 60% until the third day. SDSPAGE analysis confirmed structural integrity of HBsAg loaded on nanoparticles. The HBsAg-loaded LCMNP and MLCMNP nanoparticles had no toxic effects on HEK293 cell line. The quantification of the intracellular Fe by ICP-OES as a criterion of nano-vaccine uptake revealed mannose intensify uptake of MLCMNP. In addition, mannose in the structure of MLCMNP improved IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ (>16 fold) cytokines genes expression by macrophage/dendritic cells after exposure in 12 h. Immunization of experimental mice (subcutaneously, two times with 2-week intervals) with 5 µg of HBsAg loaded on MLCMNP nanoparticles increased specific total IgG and IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. In addition, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-2 and IL-4 cytokines in mannosylated nano-vaccine increased versus nano-vaccine group while lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ responses in the targeted nano-vaccine group show a tiny increase versus the nano-vaccine group. The results show that mannosylated nano-vaccine promotes higher level of cellular and humoural immune responses against HBsAg nano-vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rezaei
- a Department of Biology , Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Nezamedin Hosseini
- b Department of Hepatitis B Vaccine Production , Production & Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Farhood Najafi
- c Department of Resin and Additives , Institute for Color Science and Technology , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- d Recombinant Vaccine Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,e Department of Immunology , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
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