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Yuan YH, Lin XN, Xu XM, Liu LX, Li XJ, Liu YG. Antifungal mechanism of rose, mustard, and their blended essential oils against Cladosporium allicinum isolated from Xinjiang naan and its storage application. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae010. [PMID: 38211970 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To reveal the inhibition mechanism of rose, mustard, and blended essential oils against Cladosporium allicinum isolated from Xinjiang naan, and investigate the effect of the three essential oils on oxidative damage and energy metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Rose and mustard essential oils significantly inhibited mycelial growth and spore viability in a dose-dependent relationship. After essential oil treatment, the cell membrane permeability was altered, and significant leakage of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids occurred. SEM observations further confirmed the disruption of cell structure. ROS, MDA, and SOD measurements indicated that essential oil treatment induced a redox imbalance in C. allicinum, leading to cell death. As for energy metabolism, essential oil treatment significantly reduced Na+K+-ATPase, Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase, MDH activity, and CA content, impairing metabolic functions. Finally, storage experiments showed that all three essential oils ensured better preservation of naan, with mustard essential oil having the best antifungal effect. CONCLUSIONS Rose and mustard essential oils and their blends can inhibit C. allicinum at multiple targets and pathways, destroying cell morphological structure and disrupting metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Xiang-Na Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Liu
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi 276012, China
| | - Xing-Jiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yun-Guo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
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Coksu I, Bozkurt Y, Akmayan I, Demirci H, Ozbek T, Acar S. Ketoconazole-loading strategy to improve antifungal activity and overcome cytotoxicity on human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:115702. [PMID: 38081071 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Ketoconazole (KTZ), an antifungal agent used to treat localized or systemic fungal infections by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, exhibits restricted efficacy within eukaryotic cells owing to its elevated toxicity and limited solubility in water. This study aims to improve the biological activity and overcome cytotoxic effects in the renal system of the hydrophobic KTZ by incorporating it into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing biomaterial nano-engineering techniques. KTZ-loaded PLGA NPs (KTZ-NPs) were prepared by single emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning light microscopy (SEM). Particle size and zeta potential of KTZ-NPs were determined as 182.0 ± 3.27 nm and -27.4 ± 0.56 mV, respectively. Antifungal activity was analyzed with the time-kill and top agar dilution methods onCandida albicans(C. albicans) andAspergillus flavus(A. flavus). Both KTZ and KTZ-NPs caused a significant decrease inA. flavuscell growth; however, the same effect was only observed in time-killing analysis onC. albicans, indicating a methodological difference in the antifungal analysis. According to the top agar method, the MIC value of KTZ-NPs againstA. flavuswas 9.1μg ml-1, while the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of KTZ was 18.2μg ml-1. The twofold increased antifungal activity indicates that nanoparticular drug delivery systems enhance the water solubility of hydrophobic drugs. In addition, KTZ-NPs were not cytotoxic on human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpCs) at fungistatic concentration, thus reducing fungal colonization without cytotoxic on renal excretion system cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Coksu
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Bozkurt
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
- National University of Ireland Galway, Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ilkgul Akmayan
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Demirci
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tulin Ozbek
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Acar
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
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Padaraju A, Dwivedi F, Kumar G. Microemulsions, nanoemulsions and emulgels as carriers for antifungal antibiotics. Ther Deliv 2023; 14:721-740. [PMID: 38014430 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to estimates, up to 25% of the world's population has fungal skin diseases, making them the most prevalent infectious disease. Several chemical classes of antifungal drugs are available to treat fungal infections. However, the major challenges of conventional formulations of antifungal drugs include poor pharmacokinetic profiles like solubility, low permeability, side effects and decreased efficacy. Novel drug delivery is a promising approach for overcoming pharmacokinetic limitations and increasing the effectiveness of antibiotics. In this review, we have shed light on microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and emulgels as novel drug delivery approaches for the topical delivery of antifungal antibiotics. We believe these formulations have potential translational value and could be developed for treating fungal infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapurna Padaraju
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India
| | - Falguni Dwivedi
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India
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Kataria S, Roy S, Chaurasia M, Awasthi H, Fatima Z, Prasad R, Srivastava D. Crisaborole loaded nanoemulgel for the mitigation of atopic dermatitis in mice model. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:521-535. [PMID: 37551739 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2244075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present work aims to formulate nanoemulgel of crisaborole (CB) and evaluate its effectiveness against 2,4-Di-nitrochlorobenzene induced (DNCB) atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice. SIGNIFICANCE AD is a chronic inflammation of the skin affecting the quality of life. CB is a topical PDE4 inhibitor marketed as a 2% ointment. It, however, possesses poor aqueous solubility. An o/w nanoemulsion shall exhibit an enhanced therapeutic effect owing to the increased solubility of CB and an augmented skin penetration. The addition of a gelling agent to form a nanoemulgel further provides ease of application to the patients. METHODS Nanoemulsion was prepared by aqueous titration method using caproyl PGMC, cremophore EL and propylene glycol as the oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant respectively. The formulations were characterized by their size, zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI). 1% Carbopol 934 was used as the gelling agent to formulate nanoemulgel comprising of optimized nanoemulsion (NE 9). Ex vivo skin permeation of the CB nanoemulgel was compared with the CB ointment. Its therapeutic effect was evaluated in Balb/c mice. RESULTS NE 9 comprised of 7.49% oil, 37.45% Smix (1:3) and water 55.06%. Its particle size, PDI and zeta potential were 15.45 ± 5.265 nm, 0.098 and -17.9 ± 8.00 mV respectively. The nanoemulgel exhibited a 3-fold higher permeation flux as compared to the ointment. In vivo studies demonstrated that the nanoemulgel provided better therapeutic effect than the ointment. CONCLUSION We can thereby conclude that nanoemulgel formulation can be a successful drug delivery strategy for enhancing the therapeutic effect of CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kataria
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Supriya Roy
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | | | - Himani Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Rammani Prasad
- Central Instrumentation Facility, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Dipti Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Lucknow, India
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Development and evaluation of novel krill oil-based clomiphene microemulsion as a therapeutic strategy for PCOS treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023:10.1007/s13346-023-01304-z. [PMID: 36821036 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is frequently diagnosed hormonal disorder with reproductive and metabolic complications. The most common symptoms include cyst in ovaries, anovulation, insulin resistance, and obesity. Clomiphene citrate, an ovulating agent, is the first-line drug used to treat PCOS. We hypothesized that clomiphene citrate, by stimulating ovarian function, with krill oil used as an oil phase to improve solubility, by addressing PCOS-associated symptoms might be effective in PCOS. Hence, our goal was to target hormonal imbalance along with PCOS-associated symptoms using a single formulation. The concentration of water (X1), oil (X2), and Smix (surfactant-cosurfactant mixture) (X3) were selected as independent variables, in a simplex lattice design, from microemulsion area derived from a pseuodoternary phase diagram while the globule size (Y1) was selected as a dependent parameter. The optimized microemulsion showed good sphericity having 41 nm globule size, 0.32 poly dispersibility index and + 31 mV zeta potential. The optimized microemulsion was further evaluated in-vivo using letrozole-induced PCOS rats. Formulation treated group reversed the effect of letrozole on body weight and estrus cycle in comparison to the disease control group (p < 0.001). The formulation was also effective in reducing insulin resistance, cholesterol and serum testosterone level (p < 0.001). The in vivo results were supported by histopathological studies where the formulation-treated group showed a marked decrease in the number of cystic follicles and a remarkable increase in the number of growing follicles at variable stages, similar to the normal control group. Thus, the results confirmed that novel krill oil-based clomiphene microemulsion may become a promising therapeutic choice for the treatment of PCOS.
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Wang W, Chen YF, Wei ZF, Jiang JJ, Peng JQ, He QT, Xu WY, Liu HM. Microemulsion of Cinnamon Essential Oil Formulated with Tea Polyphenols, Gallic Acid, and Tween 80: Antimicrobial Properties, Stability and Mechanism of Action. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010002. [PMID: 36677295 PMCID: PMC9867123 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article was to combine tea polyphenols, gallic acid, and cinnamon essential oil to construct a natural extract-complex microemulsion system (NMs) with good antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and stability, as well as low irritation. NMs were characterized by particle size distribution, electrical conductivity, and light transmittance. The stability, as well as the antimicrobial, antioxidant, irritation, and antimicrobial mechanisms, of NMs were also studied. The results showed that NMs had a significant antimicrobial function against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were 156 μg/mL, 62.5 μg/mL, 125 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL, and 125 μg/mL, respectively. Through the cell membrane permeability test and growth curve test of bacteria and fungi, we concluded that the NMs' mechanism of action on bacteria and fungi could be interpreted as NMs mainly altering the permeability of cell membranes to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. The results of this study have important implications for utilizing plant extracts as natural preservatives for food and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yin-Feng Chen
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Ze-Feng Wei
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jia-Qian Peng
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Qi-Tong He
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Wen-Ying Xu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-1677-8997
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Ashfaq M, Shah S, Rasul A, Hanif M, Khan HU, Khames A, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, Ali MY, Abourehab MAS, Maheen S, Iqbal O, Abbas G, El Sisi AM. Enhancement of the Solubility and Bioavailability of Pitavastatin through a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030482. [PMID: 35335860 PMCID: PMC8953816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to develop an SNEDDS to improve the solubility and bioavailability of pitavastatin. The solubility of pitavastatin in different oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants was determined and a pseudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed. The SNEDDS was characterized by zeta-sizer, zeta-potential, FTIR, DSC, and TGA. Release and permeation of pitavastatin from the SNEDDS was studied for 12 and 24 h, respectively. The lipolysis test, RBC lysis, effect on lipid profile, and pharmacokinetics were studied. The SPC3 formulation showed a 104 ± 1.50 nm particle size, a 0.198 polydispersity index (PDI), and a –29 zeta potential. FTIR, DSC, and TGA showed the chemical compatibility and thermal stability. The release and permeation of pitavastatin from SPC3 was 88.5 ± 2.5% and 96%, respectively. In the lipolysis test, the digestion of SPC3 yielded a high amount of pitavastatin and showed little RBC lysis. The lipid profile suggested that after 35 days of administration of the SNEDDS, there was a marked decrease in TC, LDL, and triglyceride levels. The SNEDDS of SPC3 showed an 86% viability of Caco-2 cells. Pharmacokinetics of SPC3 showed improved values of Cmax, Tmax, half-life, MRT, AUC, and AUMC compared to the reference formulation. Our study demonstrated that the SNEDDS effectively enhanced the solubility and bioavailability of a BCS class II drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ashfaq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (A.R.); (M.Y.A.); (O.I.)
| | - Shahid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Akhtar Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (A.R.); (M.Y.A.); (O.I.)
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
| | - Hafeez Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (H.U.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Ahmed Khames
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Yasir Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (A.R.); (M.Y.A.); (O.I.)
| | - Mohammad A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Safirah Maheen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (H.U.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Omeira Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (A.R.); (M.Y.A.); (O.I.)
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (A.R.); (M.Y.A.); (O.I.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Amani M. El Sisi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt;
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Levofloxacin loaded clove essential oil nanoscale emulsion as an efficient system against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Song Q, Guan W, Liu W, Liu L, Wei C, Cai L. Preparation and physicochemical stability of tomato seed oil microemulsions. J Food Sci 2021; 86:5385-5396. [PMID: 34766339 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, microemulsions were fabricated using tomato seed oil, water, Tween 80 and citric acid, and then the physicochemical characteristics and the influence of environmental stress were investigated. The physicochemical properties of the microemulsions were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), mean particle diameter, polydispersity index (PDI) and conductivity. The phase diagrams of tomato seed oil/Tween 80/citric acid/water microemulsions were constructed under different pHs and ionic strengths. Storage stability of the systems was investigated at 4, 37 and 65°C, and changes in turbidity and lipid oxidation products were monitored. Nano-size zeta potential analyzer results demonstrated that the mean particle diameter and polydispersity index of tomato seed oil microemulsions were 14 nm and 0.014. The transition from W/O to O/W could be detected from electrical conductivity and viscosity data with the increasing of water content. The results showed that the microemulsion areas decreased with increasing pH and NaCl concentrations. What is more, the study proved that tomato seed oil microemulsions exhibited a good storage stability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, the preparation of tomato seed oil microemulsion can not only make full use of the nutritional value of tomato seed oil, but also ensure the effective protection of the nutrients contained in it, and improve the problem of adding difficult. By using microemulsion as delivery carrier of tomato seed oil, the application of tomato seed oil in food, cosmetics and other fields could be enhanced. Therefore, the preparation of tomato seed oil microemulsion provides a theoretical basis for production practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufeng Song
- School of Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiliang Guan
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Lingzhen Liu
- Xinjiang Baihejing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Bazhou, China
| | - Changqing Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Luyun Cai
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China.,College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dhaval M, Vaghela P, Patel K, Sojitra K, Patel M, Patel S, Dudhat K, Shah S, Manek R, Parmar R. Lipid-based emulsion drug delivery systems - a comprehensive review. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1616-1639. [PMID: 34609731 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based emulsion system - a subcategory of emulsion technology, has emerged as an enticing option to improve the solubility of the steadily rising water-insoluble candidates. Along with enhancing solubility, additional advantages such as improvement in permeability, protection against pre-systemic metabolism, ease of manufacturing, and easy to scale-up have made lipid-based emulsion technology very popular among academicians and manufacturers. The present article provides a comprehensive review regarding various critical properties of lipid-based emulsion systems, such as microemulsion, nanoemulsion, SMEDDS (self microemulsifying drug delivery system), and SNEDDS (self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system). The present article also explains in detail the similarities and differences between them, the stabilization mechanism, methods of preparation, excipients used to prepare them, and evaluation techniques. Subtle differences between nearly related terminologies such as microemulsion and nanoemulsion, SMEDDS, and SNEDDS are also explained in detail to clarify the basic differences. The present article also gives in-depth information regarding the chemical structure of various lipidic excipients, various possible chemical modifications to modify their inherent properties, and their regulatory status for rational selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mori Dhaval
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
| | - Poonam Vaghela
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Kajal Patel
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Keshvi Sojitra
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohini Patel
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Sushma Patel
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Dudhat
- K. V. Virani Institute of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Badhada, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunny Shah
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravi Manek
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramesh Parmar
- B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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Emulsion-Based Multicompartment Vaginal Drug Carriers: From Nanoemulsions to Nanoemulgels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126455. [PMID: 34208652 PMCID: PMC8233730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to overcome the limitations associated with vaginal administration of drugs, e.g., the short contact time of the drug form with the mucosa or continuous carrier wash-out, the development of new carriers for gynecological use is necessary. Furthermore, high individual anatomical and physiological variability resulting in unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy of lipophilic active substances requires application of multicompartment drug delivery systems. This manuscript provides an up-to-date comprehensive review of the literature on emulsion-based vaginal dosage forms (EVDF) including macroemulsions, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, multiple emulsions and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. The first part of the paper discusses (i) the influence of anatomical-physiological conditions on therapeutic efficacy of drug forms after local and systemic administration, (ii) characterization of EVDF components and the manufacturing techniques of these dosage forms and (iii) methods used to evaluate the physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of emulsion-based vaginal dosage forms. The second part of the paper presents (iv) the results of biological and in vivo studies as well as (v) clinical evaluation of EVDF safety and therapeutic efficacy across different indications.
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Microemulsion systems: from the design and architecture to the building of a new delivery system for multiple-route drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:2108-2133. [PMID: 33164165 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) create major problems in drug dosage form formulation resulting in significant delays in drug pharmaceutical screening, impairing the drug dosage form production. Aiming to minimize the use of excipients for increasing drug apparent solubility and, as a result, its bioavailability, exploration of innovative approaches is an earnest need. Microemulsion is an alternative drug delivery system that emerged as a valuable tool to achieve safe formulations for insoluble compounds and to improve their biopharmaceutical properties and pharmacokinetics. This review aims to present the state of the art of microemulsion systems, bringing an overview about their origin and how they can be properly produced and thoroughly characterized by different approaches. Furthermore, comments on regulatory issues regarding stability assessment and toxicity evaluation are discussed. The review concludes with a current opinion on microemulsion systems. The overall objective of this work was to describe all the potentialities of microemulsion systems as a drug carrier for therapeutic purposes, highlighting the unique features of this nanotechnological platform. Display Image.
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Santana Neto MC, Costa MLVDA, Fialho PHDS, Lopes GLN, Figueiredo KA, Pinheiro IM, de Lima SG, Nunes RDS, Quelemes PV, Carvalho ALM. Development of Chlorhexidine Digluconate and Lippia sidoides Essential Oil Loaded in Microemulsion for Disinfection of Dental Root Canals: Substantivity Profile and Antimicrobial Activity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:302. [PMID: 33146782 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dental intracanal disinfection is crucial to achieve the success of endodontic treatment, avoiding the maintenance of endodontic infections. Chlorhexidine digluconate can act as an irrigating agent for it. However, it can cause tissue irritation in high concentrations. Therefore, combinations with other antimicrobial agents and more efficient therapeutic alternatives are studied, which make it possible to administer drugs more safely and with minimal adverse effects. Thus, the objective of this study was the development of a microemulsion containing chlorhexidine digluconate and essential oil of Lippia sidoides to be used for disinfection of dental root canals and to evaluate its profile of substantivity and antimicrobial activity. The microemulsions were obtained through phase diagrams, using the spontaneous formation method. We completed a physical-chemical characterization and evaluate the stability of the microemulsions, in addition to the substantivity profile in a bovine root dentin model, and in vitro antibacterial effect on Enterococcus faecalis. A method for quantifying chlorhexidine was developed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The microemulsions showed acid pH, conductivity above 1.3 μScm-1, and dispersion index similar to water. The microemulsions showed antimicrobial inhibition halos similar to the commercial gel conventionally used, but with four times more substantivity to dentinal tissues. Microemulsions were obtained as a therapeutic alternative to formulations available on the market, presenting themselves as a system with great potential for the administration of drugs for disinfection of root canals.
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Dudhipala N, Ali Youssef AA, Banala N. Colloidal lipid nanodispersion enriched hydrogel of antifungal agent for management of fungal infections: Comparative in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo evaluation for oral and topical application. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 233:104981. [PMID: 33031802 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ketoconazole (KZ) is broad spectrum antifungal drug, used for the treatment of fungal infections. KZ's clinical topical use has been associated with some adverse effects in healthy adults particularly local reactions, such as stinging, severe irritation, and pruritus. However, bioavailability of KZ after oral administration is low from tablets due to its low aqueous solubility. The objective of this investigation was development and characterization of KZ-containing solid lipid nanoparticles (KZ-SLNs) and SLN-containing hydrogel (KZ-SLN-H) for oral and topical delivery of KZ. KZ-SLNs were prepared using homogenization-sonication method. Optimal KZ-SLN formulation was selected based on physicochemical and in-vitro release studies. Optimized KZ-SLN converted to KZ-SLN hydrogel (KZ-SLN-H) using gelling polymers and optimized with rheological and in-vitro studies. Further, optimized KZ-SLN and KZ-SLN-H formulations evaluated for crystallinity, morphology, stability, ex-vivo and in-vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in rats, comparison with KZ suspension (KZ-S) and KZ-S hydrogel (KZ-SH). Optimized KZ-SLN formulation showed desirable characters. KZ-SLN and KZ-SLN-H formulations exhibited spherical shape, converted to amorphous, sustained release behaviour and enhanced permeability (p < 0.05). Moreover, both formulations were stable for three months at 4 °C and 25 °C. PK studies revealed 1.9 and 1.5-folds, 3.5 and 2.8-folds enhancement of bioavailability of optimized KZ-SLN and KZ-SLN-H formulations (p < 0.05) compared with KZ-S and KZ-SH formulations, respectively. Overall, SLN and SLN-H formulations could be considered as an efficient delivery vehicles for KZ through oral and topical administration for better control over topical and systemic fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendar Dudhipala
- Depratment of Pharmaceutics, Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy, Warangal, 50 6005, Telangana State, India.
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Nagaraj Banala
- Department of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State, India
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Dudhipala N, AY AA. Amelioration of ketoconazole in lipid nanoparticles for enhanced antifungal activity and bioavailability through oral administration for management of fungal infections. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sousa F, Ferreira D, Reis S, Costa P. Current Insights on Antifungal Therapy: Novel Nanotechnology Approaches for Drug Delivery Systems and New Drugs from Natural Sources. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090248. [PMID: 32942693 PMCID: PMC7558771 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of fungal infections has become a worrisome public health issue, having been aggravated by an increase in host predisposition factors. Despite all the drugs available on the market to treat these diseases, their efficiency is questionable, and their side effects cannot be neglected. Bearing that in mind, it is of upmost importance to synthetize new and innovative carriers for these medicines not only to fight emerging fungal infections but also to avert the increase in drug-resistant strains. Although it has revealed to be a difficult job, new nano-based drug delivery systems and even new cellular targets and compounds with antifungal potential are now being investigated. This article will provide a summary of the state-of-the-art strategies that have been studied in order to improve antifungal therapy and reduce adverse effects of conventional drugs. The bidirectional relationship between Mycology and Nanotechnology will be also explained. Furthermore, the article will focus on new compounds from the marine environment which have a proven antifungal potential and may act as platforms to discover drug-like characteristics, highlighting the challenges of the translation of these natural compounds into the clinical pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Sousa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Domingos Ferreira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Paulo Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (P.C.)
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Drug loaded essential oil microemulsions enhance photostability and evaluation of in vitro efficacy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 29:101638. [PMID: 31904549 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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