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Yasmin T, Mahmood A, Sarfraz RM, Rehman U, Boublia A, Alkahtani AM, Albakri GS, Ijaz H, Ahmed S, Harron B, Albrahim M, Elboughdiri N, Yadav KK, Benguerba Y. Mimosa/quince seed mucilage-co-poly (methacrylate) hydrogels for controlled delivery of capecitabine: Simulation studies, characterization and toxicological evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133468. [PMID: 38945341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
This research focused on developing pH-regulated intelligent networks using quince and mimosa seed mucilage through aqueous polymerization to sustain Capecitabine release while overcoming issues like short half-life, high dosing frequency, and low bioavailability. The resulting MSM/QSM-co-poly(MAA) hydrogel was evaluated for several parameters, including complex structure formation, stability, pH sensitivity, morphology, and elemental composition. FTIR, DSC, and TGA analyses confirmed the formation of a stable, complex cross-linked network, demonstrating excellent stability at elevated temperatures. SEM analysis revealed the hydrogels' smooth, fine texture with porous surfaces. PXRD and EDX results indicated the amorphous dispersion of Capecitabine within the network. The QMM9 formulation achieved an optimal Capecitabine loading of 87.17 %. The gel content of the developed formulations ranged from 65.21 % to 90.23 %. All formulations exhibited excellent swelling behavior, with ratios between 65.91 % and 91.93 % at alkaline pH. In vitro dissolution studies indicated that up to 98 % of Capecitabine was released after 24 h at pH 7.4, demonstrating the potential for sustained release. Furthermore, toxicological evaluation in healthy rabbits confirmed the system's safety, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Yasmin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan.
| | | | - Umaira Rehman
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Abir Boublia
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, Sétif 19000, Algeria
| | - Abdullah M Alkahtani
- Department of Microbiology & Clinical Parasitology College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah Shukri Albakri
- Department of Teaching and Learning, College of Education and Human Development, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hira Ijaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Khanpur Road, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chakwal, 48800, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Harron
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Malik Albrahim
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Street Omar ibn El-Khattab, 6029, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal 462044, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie Et Pharmacotechnie (LBPT), Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria.
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Irfan J, Ali A, Hussain MA, Haseeb MT, Naeem-Ul-Hassan M, Hussain SZ. Citric acid cross-linking of a hydrogel from Aloe vera ( Aloe barbadensis M.) engenders a pH-responsive, superporous, and smart material for drug delivery. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8018-8027. [PMID: 38454944 PMCID: PMC10918532 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00095a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The current research work is based on the evaluation of a citric acid (CA) cross-linked Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis M.) leaf hydrogel (CL-ALH) for pH-dependent and sustained drug release application. The CA was used in different concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0%) to cross-link the ALH using homogenous reaction conditions. The synthesis of CL-ALH was confirmed through Fourier transform and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies. The thermal analysis indicated that the ALH and CL-ALH were stable and decomposed in two steps. The scanning electron microscopic images of CL-ALH confirmed its porous nature due to the presence of interconnected channeling. The swelling of CL-ALH was evaluated at pH 1.2, 6.8, and 7.4 as well as in deionized water (DW). High swelling of CL-ALH was observed in DW, and at pH 7.4 and 6.8 whereas, less swelling of CL-ALH was witnessed at pH 1.2. CL-ALH also exhibited swelling/deswelling behavior in DW and ethanol, DW and normal saline, and at pH 7.4 and 1.2. Tablets were prepared from CL-ALH as a release retarding agent demonstrating the sustained release of venlafaxine hydrochloride (VFX) for 8 h. Whereas, VFX was released within 4 h from the ALH-based tablet formulation (un-cross-linked material) indicating the prolonged and sustained release behavior of CL-ALH. The VFX was released from CL-ALH tablets and followed zero-order kinetics. The mechanism followed by VFX release from CL-ALH tablets was non-Fickian diffusion. The in vivo fate of the tablet formulation was observed through an X-ray study. The CL-ALH-based tablet safely passed through the stomach of a stray dog without any significant erosion and then disintegrated in the small intestine and colon. These findings confirmed that the CL-ALH is an effective excipient for designing a sustained-release drug delivery system for the small intestine and colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar Irfan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
| | - Arshad Ali
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajaz Hussain
- Centre for Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Lahore 54590 Pakistan
| | | | | | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science & Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore Cantt. 54792 Pakistan
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Maiti S, Maji B, Yadav H. Progress on green crosslinking of polysaccharide hydrogels for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121584. [PMID: 38142088 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are being studied for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and low cost in the fabrication of various hydrogel devices. However, due to their insufficient physicochemical and mechanical qualities, polysaccharide hydrogels alone are not acceptable for biological applications. Various synthetic crosslinkers have been tested to overcome the drawbacks of standalone polysaccharide hydrogels; however, the presence of toxic residual crosslinkers, the generation of toxic by-products following biodegradation, and the requirement of toxic organic solvents for processing pose challenges in achieving the desired non-toxic biomaterials. Natural crosslinkers such as citric acid, tannic acid, vanillin, gallic acid, ferulic acid, proanthocyanidins, phytic acid, squaric acid, and epigallocatechin have been used to generate polysaccharide-based hydrogels in recent years. Various polysaccharides, including cellulose, alginate, pectin, hyaluronic acid, and chitosan, have been hydrogelized and investigated for their potential in drug delivery and tissue engineering applications using natural crosslinkers. We attempted to provide an overview of the synthesis of polysaccharide-based hydrogel systems (films, complex nanoparticles, microspheres, and porous scaffolds) based on green crosslinkers, as well as a description of the mechanism of crosslinking and properties with a special emphasis on drug delivery, and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Maiti
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh-484887, India.
| | - Biswajit Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India
| | - Harsh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh-484887, India
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Malyar YN, Borovkova VS, Kazachenko AS, Fetisova OY, Skripnikov AM, Sychev VV, Taran OP. Preparation and Characterization of di- and Tricarboxylic Acids-Modified Arabinogalactan Plasticized Composite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15091999. [PMID: 37177147 PMCID: PMC10180825 DOI: 10.3390/polym15091999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To ensure the high quality of water, it is necessary to remove toxic pollutants. At present, purification of water is implemented using various sorbents. The efficient sorption materials are modified polysaccharides. In this study, we report on a new environmentally friendly method for modifying larch hemicellulose-arabinogalactan (AG)-with polybasic carboxylic acids (citric, succinic, oxalic, and adipic) to obtain composite materials. The synthesized AG derivatives have been explored by a complex of physicochemical methods, including gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and sorption capacity investigations. It is shown that the heat treatment results in the formation of additional inter- and intramolecular bonds between carboxylic acids and polysaccharide molecules. The formation of ester bonds has been confirmed by the appearance of absorption bands in the IR spectra in the range of 1750-1690 cm-1. It has been found, using the TGA study, that the most thermally stable (up to 190 °C) sample is arabinogalactan oxalate obtained under heat treatment. The SEM study of the synthesized AG films has shown that the modified samples have the homogeneous film surface ensured by cross-linking. It has been established, when studying the sorption properties of the AG derivatives, that AG succinate (82.52%) obtained by lyophilization has the highest sorption capacity, due to the developed mesoporous surface, which, in turn, makes the synthesized films promising eco-friendly materials for use as drug carriers, sorbents, and water treatment agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy N Malyar
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Valentina S Borovkova
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Alexander S Kazachenko
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Fetisova
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Andrey M Skripnikov
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Valentin V Sychev
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Oxana P Taran
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
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pH-Responsive Super-Porous Hybrid Hydrogels for Gastroretentive Controlled-Release Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030816. [PMID: 36986676 PMCID: PMC10053105 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Super-porous hydrogels are considered a potential drug delivery network for the sedation of gastric mechanisms with retention windows in the abdomen and upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In this study, a novel pH-responsive super-porous hybrid hydrogels (SPHHs) was synthesized from pectin, poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2HEMA), and N, N methylene-bis-acrylamide (BIS) via the gas-blowing technique, and then loaded with a selected drug (amoxicillin trihydrate, AT) at pH 5 via an aqueous loading method. The drug-loaded SPHHs-AT carrier demonstrated outstanding (in vitro) gastroretentive drug delivery capability. The study attributed excellent swelling and delayed drug release to acidic conditions at pH 1.2. Moreover, in vitro controlled-release drug delivery systems at different pH values, namely, 1.2 (97.99%) and 7.4 (88%), were studied. These exceptional features of SPHHs—improved elasticity, pH responsivity, and high swelling performance—should be investigated for broader drug delivery applications in the future.
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Sithole MN, Mndlovu H, du Toit LC, Choonara YE. Advances in Stimuli-responsive Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications: A Review Towards Improving Structural Design for 3D Printing. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3187-3205. [PMID: 37779402 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128246888230920060802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of polymeric hydrogels render them attractive for the development of 3D printed prototypes for tissue engineering in regenerative medicine. Significant effort has been made to design hydrogels with desirable attributes that facilitate 3D printability. In addition, there is significant interest in exploring stimuli-responsive hydrogels to support automated 3D printing into more structurally organised prototypes such as customizable bio-scaffolds for regenerative medicine applications. Synthesizing stimuli-responsive hydrogels is dependent on the type of design and modulation of various polymeric materials to open novel opportunities for applications in biomedicine and bio-engineering. In this review, the salient advances made in the design of stimuli-responsive polymeric hydrogels for 3D printing in tissue engineering are discussed with a specific focus on the different methods of manipulation to develop 3D printed stimuli-responsive polymeric hydrogels. Polymeric functionalisation, nano-enabling and crosslinking are amongst the most common manipulative attributes that affect the assembly and structure of 3D printed bio-scaffolds and their stimuli- responsiveness. The review also provides a concise incursion into the various applications of stimuli to enhance the automated production of structurally organized 3D printed medical prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mduduzi Nkosinathi Sithole
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
| | - Hillary Mndlovu
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
| | - Lisa C du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya Essop Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
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Srivastava N, Choudhury AR. Stimuli-Responsive Polysaccharide-Based Smart Hydrogels and Their Emerging Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Srivastava
- Biochemical Engineering Research & Process Development Centre (BERPDC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anirban Roy Choudhury
- Biochemical Engineering Research & Process Development Centre (BERPDC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
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Chen M, Yu P, Ao C, Zhang M, Xing J, Ding C, Xie J, Li J. Ethanol-Induced Responsive Behavior of Natural Polysaccharide Hydrogels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbei Ao
- Jingmen Oral Hospital, Jingmen 448000, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xing
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Abbas MA, Bashir F, Abbas A, Rizwan M. Synthesis, Characterization and Stimuli Responsive On/Off Switching of Cross‐Linked Hydroxyethyl Starch: a Smart Material for Intelligent Drug Delivery. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Faheem Bashir
- Institute of Chemistry University of Sargodha Sargodha Punjab Pakistan
| | - Azhar Abbas
- Institute of Chemistry University of Sargodha Sargodha Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Institute of Chemistry University of Sargodha Sargodha Punjab Pakistan
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Nangare S, Vispute Y, Tade R, Dugam S, Patil P. Pharmaceutical applications of citric acid. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Citric acid (CA) is a universal plant and animal-metabolism intermediate. It is a commodity chemical processed and widely used around the world as an excellent pharmaceutical excipient. Notably, CA is offering assorted significant properties viz. biodegradability, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, safety, etc. Therefore, CA is broadly employed in many sectors including foodstuffs, beverages, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics as a flavoring agent, sequestering agent, buffering agent, etc. From the beginning, CA is a regular ingredient for cosmetic pH-adjustment and as a metallic ion chelator in antioxidant systems. In addition, it is used to improve the taste of pharmaceuticals such as syrups, solutions, elixirs, etc. Furthermore, free CA is also employed as an acidulant in mild astringent preparations.
Main text
In essence, it is estimated that the functionality present in CA provides excellent assets in pharmaceutical applications such as cross-linking, release-modifying capacity, interaction with molecules, capping and coating agent, branched polymer nanoconjugates, gas generating agent, etc. Mainly, the center of attention of the review is to deliver an impression of the CA-based pharmaceutical applications.
Conclusion
In conclusion, CA is reconnoitered for multiple novels pharmaceutical and biomedical/applications including as a green crosslinker, release modifier, monomer/branched polymer, capping and coating agent, novel disintegrant, absorption enhancer, etc. In the future, CA can be utilized as an excellent substitute for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Graphical abstract
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Citric acid crosslinking of mucilage from Cydonia oblonga engenders a superabsorbent, pH-sensitive and biocompatible polysaccharide offering on-off swelling and zero-order drug release. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-2025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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