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Bseiso EA, Sheta NM, Abdel-Haleem KM. Recent progress in nanoparticulate-based intranasal delivery for treating of different central nervous system diseases. Pharm Dev Technol 2024:1-30. [PMID: 39340392 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2409807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Drug administration to the central nervous system (CNS) has become a great obstacle because of several biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, therefore, brain targeting insights are a light for scientists to move forward for treating neurogenerative diseases using advanced non-invasive methods. The current demand is to use a potential direct route as the nasal administration to transport drugs into the brain enhancing the BBB permeability and hence, increasing the bioavailability. Interestingly, recent techniques have been implanted in formulating nanocarriers-based therapeutics for targeting and treating ischemic stroke using lipid or polymeric-based materials. Nanoparticulate delivery systems are set as an effective platform for brain targeting as polymeric nanoparticles and polymeric micelles or nanocarriers based on lipids for preventing drug efflux to promote optimal therapeutic medication concentration in the brain-diseased site. In recent years, there has been a notable increase in research publications and ongoing investigations on the utilization of drug-loading nanocarriers for the treatment of diverse CNS diseases. This review comprehensively depicts these dangerous neurological disorders, drug targeting challenges to CNS, and potential contributions as novel intranasal nano-formulations are being used to treat and regulate a variety of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Bseiso
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza Governorate, Egypt
| | - Nermin M Sheta
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza Governorate, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Abdel-Haleem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza Governorate, Egypt
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Ali FR, Shoaib MH, Ali SA, Yousuf RI, Ahmed FR, Siddiqui F, Sarfaraz S, Raja R. Fabrication and evaluation of nanoemulsion based insulin loaded microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:605-617. [PMID: 39072401 PMCID: PMC11412143 DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2024.2377065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Insulin therapy require self-administration of subcutaneous injection leading to painful and inconvenient drug therapy. The aim is to fabricate nanoemulsion (NE) based insulin loaded microneedles with improved bioavailability and patient compliance.Materials & methods: Different ratios of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone as polymers were prepared through micro-molding technique for microneedles. Characterization of were performed using scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Mechanical strength, hygroscopicity and pain perception of these microneedles were also evaluated. In vitro release, permeation and in vivo PK/PD study of NE-based microneedles were conducted.Results: NE-based microneedles of insulin have improved bioavailability and quick response.Conclusion: Microneedles loaded with insulin can be effectively delivered insulin transdermally to treat diabetes with increased convenience and patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ramzan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Harris Shoaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Ismail Yousuf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Rafiq Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sana Sarfaraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rameez Raja
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Hussein LM, Dawaba AM, El-Adawy SA. Formulation, optimization and full characterization of mirtazapine loaded aquasomes: a new technique to boost antidepressant effects. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:206-222. [PMID: 38334395 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2313538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of Mirtazapine (MRT)-loaded aquasomes by co-precipitation sonication technique to boost the antidepressant potential of MRT. METHODOLOGY MRT-loaded aquasomes formulations were prepared using Box-Behnken design to investigate the effect of independent factors including sonication time (X1), sonication temperature (X2), and sugar concentration (X3) on the dependent variables as particle size and drug loading efficiency. The formulation of the optimized formula was verified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD). Furthermore, the morphology of the formula was evaluated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The optimum MRT- loaded aquasomes was assessed for physiochemical properties, in vitro MRT release and in vivo antidepressant effects in mice model. RESULTS The results revealed that the optimized formula showed a small particle size of 202.7 ± 3.7 nm and a high loading efficiency of 77.65 ± 2.6%. Thermal DSC and XRPD studies demonstrated the amorphous nature of MRT-loaded aquasomes. The in vitro study demonstrated sustained release of F (opt) 88.16% after 8 h, compared with plain MRT release of 63.06% after 1 h. Mice treated with MRT-loaded aquasomes demonstrated reduced immobility time in behavioral analysis to 37% with MRT-loaded aquasomes, while plain MRT reduced it to 55%. CONCLUSION These results confirmed that the antidepressant effect of MRT was significantly boosted in formulated aquasomes, and thereby they provide a promising carrier nano vesicular system for effective delivery of MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa Mohamed Hussein
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Mohamed Dawaba
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Ahmed El-Adawy
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Koo J, Lim C, Oh KT. Recent Advances in Intranasal Administration for Brain-Targeting Delivery: A Comprehensive Review of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles and Stimuli-Responsive Gel Formulations. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1767-1807. [PMID: 38414526 PMCID: PMC10898487 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s439181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Addressing disorders related to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a complex challenge because of the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restricts the entry of external substances into the brain tissue. Consequently, finding ways to overcome the limited therapeutic effect imposed by the BBB has become a central goal in advancing delivery systems targeted to the brain. In this context, the intranasal route has emerged as a promising solution for delivering treatments directly from the nose to the brain through the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways and thus, bypassing the BBB. The use of lipid-based nanoparticles, including nano/microemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers, has shown promise in enhancing the efficiency of nose-to-brain delivery. These nanoparticles facilitate drug absorption from the nasal membrane. Additionally, the in situ gel (ISG) system has gained attention owing to its ability to extend the retention time of administered formulations within the nasal cavity. When combined with lipid-based nanoparticles, the ISG system creates a synergistic effect, further enhancing the overall effectiveness of brain-targeted delivery strategies. This comprehensive review provides a thorough investigation of intranasal administration. It delves into the strengths and limitations of this specific delivery route by considering the anatomical complexities and influential factors that play a role during dosing. Furthermore, this study introduces strategic approaches for incorporating nanoparticles and ISG delivery within the framework of intranasal applications. Finally, the review provides recent information on approved products and the clinical trial status of products related to intranasal administration, along with the inclusion of quality-by-design-related insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jain Koo
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaemin Lim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Taek Oh
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abd-Elal RM, Essawy AM, Salem MA, Elsayed M, Khalil MG, Abdelhakeem E, Ali NA, Tawfik MA. Formulation, optimization, in-vivo biodistribution studies and histopathological safety assessment of duloxetine HCl-loaded ultra-elastic nanovesicles for antidepressant effect after intranasal and transdermal delivery. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100194. [PMID: 37434966 PMCID: PMC10331411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Duloxetine hydrochloride (DUL) is a BCS class-II antidepressant drug, acting via serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition. Despite high oral absorption, DUL suffers limited bioavailability due to extensive gastric and first-pass metabolism. To improve DUL's bioavailability; DUL-loaded elastosomes were developed, via full factorial design, utilizing various span®60: cholesterol ratios, edge activator types and amounts. Entrapment efficiency (E.E.%), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP) and in-vitro released percentages after 0.5 h (Q0.5h) and 8 h (Q8h) were evaluated. Optimum elastosomes (DUL-E1) were assessed for morphology, deformability index, drug crystallinity and stability. DUL pharmacokinetics were evaluated in rats following intranasal and transdermal application of DUL-E1 elastosomal gel. DUL-E1 elastosomes [comprising span®60 and cholesterol (1:1) and brij S2 (edge activator; 5 mg)] were optimum with high E.E.% (81.5 ± 3.2%), small PS (432 ± 13.2 nm), ZP (-30.8 ± 3.3 mV), acceptable Q0.5h (15.6 ± 0.9%), and high Q8h (79.3 ± 3.8%). Intranasal and transdermal DUL-E1 elastosomes revealed significantly higher Cmax (251 ± 18.6 and 248 ± 15.9 ng/mL) at Tmax (2 and 4 h) and improved relative bioavailability (≈ 2.8 and 3.1 folds) respectively, in comparison to oral DUL aqueous solution. In-vivo histopathological studies were conducted to ensure the safety of DUL-E1. Elastosomes are promising novel nano-carriers, capable of enhancing the bioavailability of DUL via various routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa M.A. Abd-Elal
- Pharmaceutics and Drug Manufacturing Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt
| | - Aya M. Essawy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt
| | - Maha A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt
| | - Mahitab Elsayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt
| | - Mona G. Khalil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelhakeem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran A. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai Ahmed Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Badran MM, Alanazi AE, Ibrahim MA, Alshora DH, Taha E, H. Alomrani A. Optimization of Bromocriptine-Mesylate-Loaded Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles Coated with Chitosan for Nose-to-Brain Delivery: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3890. [PMID: 37835942 PMCID: PMC10574927 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromocriptine mesylate (BM), primarily ergocryptine, is a dopamine agonist derived from ergot alkaloids. This study aimed to formulate chitosan (CS)-coated poly ε-caprolactone nanoparticles (PCL NPs) loaded with BM for direct targeting to the brain via the nasal route. PCL NPs were optimized using response surface methodology and a Box-Behnken factorial design. Independent formulation parameters for nanoparticle attributes, including PCL payload (A), D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) concentration (B), and sonication time (C), were investigated. The dependent variables were nanoparticle size (Y1), zeta potential (Y2), entrapment efficiency (EE; Y3), and drug release rate (Y4). The optimal formulation for BM-PCL NPs was determined to be 50 mg PCL load, 0.0865% TPGS concentration, and 8 min sonication time, resulting in nanoparticles with a size of 296 ± 2.9 nm having a zeta potential of -16.2 ± 3.8 mV, an EE of 90.7 ± 1.9%, and a zero-order release rate of 2.6 ± 1.3%/min. The optimized BM-PCL NPs were then coated with CS at varying concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1%) to enhance their effect. The CS-PCL NPs exhibited different particle sizes and zeta potentials depending on the CS concentration used. The highest EE (88%) and drug load (DL; 5.5%) were observed for the optimized BM-CS-PCL NPs coated with 0.25% CS. The BM-CS-PCL NPs displayed a biphasic release pattern, with an initial rapid drug release lasting for 2 h, followed by a sustained release for up to 48 h. The 0.25% CS-coated BM-CS-PCL NPs showed a high level of permeation across the goat nasal mucosa, with reasonable mucoadhesive strength. These findings suggested that the optimized 0.25% CS-coated BM-CS-PCL NPs hold promise for successful nasal delivery, thereby improving the therapeutic efficacy of BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Badran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.B.); (E.T.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman E. Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.A.); (D.H.A.)
| | - Mohamed Abbas Ibrahim
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.A.); (D.H.A.)
| | - Doaa Hasan Alshora
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.A.); (D.H.A.)
| | - Ehab Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.B.); (E.T.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Abdullah H. Alomrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.B.); (E.T.); (A.H.A.)
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Bharti Sharma J, Bhatt S, Tiwari A, Tiwari V, Kumar M, Verma R, Kaushik D, Virmani T, Kumar G, Al kamaly O, Saleh A, Khalid Parvez M, Alhalmi A. Statistical optimization of tetrahydrocurcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles using Box Behnken design in the management of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101727. [PMID: 37638219 PMCID: PMC10448172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, curcumin was the go-to medication for diabetes, but recent studies have shown that tetrahydrocurcumin is more effective. The problem is that it's not very soluble in water or very bioavailable. So, our research aims to increase the bioavailability and anti-diabetic efficacy of tetrahydrocurcumin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by synthesizing tetrahydrocurcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Box Behnken Design was employed for the optimization of tetrahydrocurcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (THC-SLNs). The optimal formulation was determined by doing an ANOVA to examine the relationship between the independent variables (drug-to-lipid ratio, surfactant concentration, and co-surfactant concentration) and the dependent variables (particle size, percent entrapment efficiency, and PDI). Particle size, PDI, and entrapment efficiency all showed statistical significance based on F-values and p-values. The optimized batch was prepared using a drug-to-lipid ratio (1:4.16), 1.21% concentration of surfactant, and 0.4775% co-surfactant (observed with a particle size of 147.1 nm, 83.58 ± 0.838 % entrapment efficiency, and 0.265 PDI, and the values were found very close with the predicted ones. As the THC peak vanishes from the DSC thermogram of the improved formulation, this indicates that the drug has been transformed from its crystalline form into its amorphous state. TEM analysis of optimized formulation demonstrated mono-dispersed particles with an average particle size of 145 nm which are closely related to zetasizer's results. In-vitro release study of optimized formulation demonstrated burst release followed by sustained release up to 71.04% throughout 24 hrs. Increased bioavailability of the adjusted THC-SLN was found in an in vivo pharmacokinetics research with 9.47 folds higher AUC(0-t) compared to plain THC-suspension. Additionally, pharmacodynamic experiments of optimized formulation demonstrated a marked decrease in blood glucose level to 63.7% and increased body weight from 195.8 ± 7.223 to 231.2 ± 7.653 on the 28th day of the study and showed a better anti-diabetic effect than plain drug suspension. Results of stability studies revealed that formulation can be stored for longer periods at room temperature. Tetrahydrocurcumin can be effectively administered by SLN for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Bharti Sharma
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Shailendra Bhatt
- Shrinathji Institute of Pharmacy, Shrinathji Society for Higher Education Upali Oden, Nathdwara, Rajasmand, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhishek Tiwari
- Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Moradabad 244102, U.P., India
| | - Varsha Tiwari
- Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Moradabad 244102, U.P., India
| | - Manish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal, University, Bhiwani 127021, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Tarun Virmani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana 121105, India
| | - Girish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana 121105, India
| | - Omkulthom Al kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Khalid Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Boyuklieva R, Zagorchev P, Pilicheva B. Computational, In Vitro, and In Vivo Models for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery Studies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2198. [PMID: 37626694 PMCID: PMC10452071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct nose-to-brain drug delivery offers the opportunity to treat central nervous system disorders more effectively due to the possibility of drug molecules reaching the brain without passing through the blood-brain barrier. Such a delivery route allows the desired anatomic site to be reached while ensuring drug effectiveness, minimizing side effects, and limiting drug losses and degradation. However, the absorption of intranasally administered entities is a complex process that considerably depends on the interplay between the characteristics of the drug delivery systems and the nasal mucosa. Various preclinical models (in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) are used to study the transport of drugs after intranasal administration. The present review article attempts to summarize the different computational and experimental models used so far to investigate the direct delivery of therapeutic agents or colloidal carriers from the nasal cavity to the brain tissue. Moreover, it provides a critical evaluation of the data available from different studies and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of each model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Boyuklieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Plamen Zagorchev
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Bissera Pilicheva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
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Mohanty D, Alsaidan OA, Zafar A, Dodle T, Gupta JK, Yasir M, Mohanty A, Khalid M. Development of Atomoxetine-Loaded NLC In Situ Gel for Nose-to-Brain Delivery: Optimization, In Vitro, and Preclinical Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1985. [PMID: 37514171 PMCID: PMC10386213 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the brain-targeted efficiency of atomoxetine (AXT)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-laden thermosensitive in situ gel after intranasal administration. AXT-NLC was prepared by the melt emulsification ultrasonication method and optimized using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimized formulation (AXT-NLC) exhibited particle size PDI, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (EE) of 108 nm, 0.271, -42.3 mV, and 84.12%, respectively. The morphology of AXT-NLC was found to be spherical, as confirmed by SEM analysis. DSC results displayed that the AXT was encapsulated within the NLC matrix. Further, optimized NLC (AXT-NLC13) was incorporated into a thermosensitive in situ gel using poloxamer 407 and carbopol gelling agent and evaluated for different parameters. The optimized in situ gel (AXT-NLC13G4) formulation showed excellent viscosity (2532 ± 18 Cps) at 37 °C and formed the gel at 28-34 °C. AXT-NLC13-G4 showed a sustained release of AXT (92.89 ± 3.98% in 12 h) compared to pure AXT (95.47 ± 2.76% in 4 h). The permeation flux through goat nasal mucosa of AXT from pure AXT and AXT-NLC13-G4 was 504.37 µg/cm2·h and 232.41 µg/cm2·h, respectively. AXT-NLC13-G4 intranasally displayed significantly higher absolute bioavailability of AXT (1.59-fold higher) than intravenous administration. AXT-NLC13-G4 intranasally showed 51.91% higher BTP than pure AXT (28.64%) when administered via the same route (intranasally). AXT-NLC13-G4 showed significantly higher BTE (207.92%) than pure AXT (140.14%) when administered intranasally, confirming that a high amount of the AXT reached the brain. With the disrupted performance induced by L-methionine, the AXT-NLC13-G4 showed significantly (p < 0.05) better activity than pure AXT as well as donepezil (standard). The finding concluded that NLC in situ gel is a novel carrier of AXT for improvement of brain delivery by the intranasal route and requires further investigation for more justification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyalochan Mohanty
- Department of Pharmaceutics (Centre for Nanomedicine), School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad 500088, Telangana, India
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Trishala Dodle
- Department of Pharmaceutics (Centre for Nanomedicine), School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad 500088, Telangana, India
| | - Jeetendra Kumar Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University Mathura, Chaumuhan 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Yasir
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella P.O. Box 396, Ethiopia
| | - Anshuman Mohanty
- Product Development, Innovation and Science, Amway Global Services India Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram 122001, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Correia AC, Moreira JN, Sousa Lobo JM, Silva AC. Design of experiment (DoE) as a quality by design (QbD) tool to optimise formulations of lipid nanoparticles for nose-to-brain drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1731-1748. [PMID: 37905547 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2274902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nose-to-brain route has been widely investigated to improve drug targeting to the central nervous system (CNS), where lipid nanoparticles (solid lipid nanoparticles - SLN and nanostructured lipid carriers - NLC) seem promising, although they should meet specific criteria of particle size (PS) <200 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) <0.3, zeta potential (ZP) ~|20| mV and encapsulation efficiency (EE) >80%. To optimize SLN and NLC formulations, design of experiment (DoE) has been recommended as a quality by design (QbD) tool. AREAS COVERED This review presents recently published work on the optimization of SLN and NLC formulations for nose-to-brain drug delivery. The impact of different factors (or independent variables) on responses (or dependent variables) is critically analyzed. EXPERT OPINION Different DoEs have been used to optimize SLN and NLC formulations for nose-brain drug delivery, and the independent variables lipid and surfactant concentration and sonication time had the greatest impact on the dependent variables PS, EE, and PDI. Exploring different DoE approaches is important to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that affect successful optimization of SLN and NLC and to facilitate future work improving machine learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Correia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J N Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ Coimbra - University of Coimbra, CIBB, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de, Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J M Sousa Lobo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID (Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento), FP-BHS (Biomedical and Health Sciences Research Unit), Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Uner B, Ozdemir S, Nur Pilevne S, Rıza Cenk Celebi A. Timolol-loaded ethosomes for ophthalmic delivery: Reduction of high intraocular pressure in vivo. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123021. [PMID: 37149109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The beta-adrenoceptor blocker timolol maleate (TML) is a commonly used pharmaceutical agent for the management of glaucoma. Conventional eye drops have limitations due to biological or pharmaceutical factors. Therefore, TML-loaded ethosomes have been designed to mitigate these restrictions and give a viable solution for reducing elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The ethosomes were prepared using the thin film hydration method. Integrating the Box-Behnken experimental strategy, the optimal formulation was identified. The physicochemical characterization studies were performed on the optimal formulation. Then, in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies were conducted. The irritation assessment was also carried out with Hen's Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane model (HET-CAM), and in vivo evaluation of the IOP lowering effect was also performed on rats. The physicochemical characterization studies demonstrated that the components of the formulation were compatible with each other. The particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) were found as 88.23 ± 1.25 nm, -28.7 ± 2.03 mV, and 89.73 ± 0.42 %, respectively. The in vitro drug release mechanism was found as Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics (R2=0.9923). The HET-CAM findings verified the formulation's eligibility for biological applications. The IOP measurements revealed no statistical difference (p>0.05) between the once-a-day application of the optimal formulation and the three-times-a-day application of the conventional eye drop. A similar pharmacological response was observed at lowered application frequencies. Therefore, it was concluded that the novel TML-loaded ethosomes could be a safe and efficient alternative for glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Uner
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey; University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samet Ozdemir
- Istanbul Health and Technology University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seniz Nur Pilevne
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Rıza Cenk Celebi
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Marcello E, Chiono V. Biomaterials-Enhanced Intranasal Delivery of Drugs as a Direct Route for Brain Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043390. [PMID: 36834804 PMCID: PMC9964911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intranasal (IN) drug delivery is a non-invasive and effective route for the administration of drugs to the brain at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and minimizing adverse side effects. IN drug delivery can be particularly promising for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The drug delivery mechanism involves the initial drug penetration through the nasal epithelial barrier, followed by drug diffusion in the perivascular or perineural spaces along the olfactory or trigeminal nerves, and final extracellular diffusion throughout the brain. A part of the drug may be lost by drainage through the lymphatic system, while a part may even enter the systemic circulation and reach the brain by crossing the BBB. Alternatively, drugs can be directly transported to the brain by axons of the olfactory nerve. To improve the effectiveness of drug delivery to the brain by the IN route, various types of nanocarriers and hydrogels and their combinations have been proposed. This review paper analyzes the main biomaterials-based strategies to enhance IN drug delivery to the brain, outlining unsolved challenges and proposing ways to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Marcello
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Centro 3R, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Centro 3R, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, National Research Council (CNR-IPCF), 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ali Z, Din FU, Zahid F, Sohail S, Imran B, Khan S, Malik M, Zeb A, Khan GM. Transdermal delivery of allopurinol-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier in the treatment of gout. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:86. [PMID: 36443818 PMCID: PMC9703780 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allopurinol (ALP), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is a first line drug for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. Being the member of BCS class II drugs, ALP has solubility problem, which affects its bioavailability. Also, ALP has shorter half-life and showed GI related problems. In present study, ALP was encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to ensure enhanced bioavailability, improved efficacy and safety in vivo. METHODOLOGY ALP-loaded NLCs were fabricated by micro-emulsion technique. The prepared NLCs were optimized via design expert in term of particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. FTIR, PXRD and TEM analysis were carried out to check chemical interaction, polymorphic form and surface morphology of the optimized formulation. ALP-loaded NLCs were then loaded into HPMC based poloxamer-407 gel and were characterized. In vitro and ex vivo analysis were carried out via dialysis membrane method and franz diffusion cell, respectively. Uric acid was used for induction of gout and the anti-gout activity of ALP-loaded NLCs gel was performed and compared with ALP suspension. RESULTS The optimized formulation had particles in nano-range (238.13 nm) with suitable zeta potential (-31.5 mV), poly-dispersity index (0.115) and entrapment of 87.24%. FTIR results confirmed absence of chemical interaction among formulation ingredients. XRD indicated amorphous nature of ALP-loaded NLCs, whereas TEM analysis confirmed spherical morphology of nanoparticles. The optimized formulation was successfully loaded in to gel and characterized accordingly. The in vitro release and drug release kinetics models showed sustained release of the drug from ALP-loaded NLCs gel. Furthermore, about 28 fold enhanced permeation was observed from ALP-loaded NLCs gel as compared to conventional gel. Skin irritation study disclosed safety of ALP-loaded NLCs gel for transdermal application. Furthermore, ALP-loaded NLCs gel showed significantly enhanced anti-gout activity in Sprague-Dawley rats after transdermal administration as compared to oral ALP suspension. CONCLUSION ALP-loaded NLCs gel after transdermal administration sustained the drug release, avoid gastrointestinal side effects and enhance the anti-gout performance of ALP. It can be concluded, that NLCs have the potential to deliver drugs via transdermal route as indicated in case of allopurinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Ali
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar ud Din
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zahid
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Sohail
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Basalat Imran
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Malik
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- grid.414839.30000 0001 1703 6673Department of Pharmacy, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan ,grid.459615.a0000 0004 0496 8545Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Raza H, Shah SU, Ali Z, Khan AU, Rajput IB, Farid A, Mohaini MA, Alsalman AJ, Al Hawaj MA, Mahmood S, Hussain A, Shah KU. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Fluocinolone Acetonide-Acitretin-Coloaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical Treatment of Psoriasis. Gels 2022; 8:746. [PMID: 36421568 PMCID: PMC9689900 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is chronic autoimmune disease that affects 2-5% of the global population. Fluocinolone acetonide (FLU) and acitretin (ACT) are widely used antipsoriatic drugs that belong to BCS classes II and IV, respectively. FLU exhibits side effects, such as skin irritation and a burning sensation. ACT also shows adverse effects, such as gingivitis, teratogenic effects and xerophthalmia. In the present study, topical nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were fabricated to reduce the side effects and enhance the therapeutic efficacy. FLU-ACT-coloaded NLCs were prepared by the modified microemulsion method and optimized by the Box-Behnken model of Design Expert® version 12. The optimization was based on the particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP) and percentage of encapsulation efficiency (%EE). The physicochemical analyses were performed by TEM, FTIR, XRD and DSC to assess the morphology, chemical interactions between excipients, crystallinity and thermal behavior of the optimized FLU-ACT-coloaded NLCs. The FLU-ACT-coloaded NLCs were successfully loaded into gel and characterized appropriately. The dialysis bag method and Franz diffusion cells were used for the in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies, respectively. The optimized FLU-ACT-coloaded NLCs had the desired particle size of 288.2 ± 2.3 nm, ZP of -34.2 ± 1.0 mV and %EE values of 81.6 ± 1.1% for ACT and 75 ± 1.3% for FLU. The TEM results confirmed the spherical morphology, while the FTIR results showed the absence of chemical interactions of any type among the ingredients of the FLU-ACT-coloaded NLCs. The XRD and DSC analyses confirmed the amorphous nature and thermal behavior. The in vitro study showed the sustained release of the FLU and ACT from the optimized FLU-ACT-coloaded NLCs and FLU-ACT-coloaded NLC gel compared with the FLU-ACT suspension and conventional gel. The ex vivo study confirmed the minimal permeation of both drugs from the FLU-ACT-coloaded NLC gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Aam University, Islamabad 45230, Pakistan
| | | | - Zakir Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Aam University, Islamabad 45230, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Aam University, Islamabad 45230, Pakistan
| | - Irfa Basharat Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Aam University, Islamabad 45230, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Al Mohaini
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq J. Alsalman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maitham A. Al Hawaj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saima Mahmood
- Faculty of pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Aam University, Islamabad 45230, Pakistan
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Hathout RM, El-Marakby EM. Meta-Analysis: A Convenient Tool for the Choice of Nose-to-Brain Nanocarriers. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:647. [PMID: 36354558 PMCID: PMC9687115 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The intranasal route represents a high promising route of administration aiming for brain delivery. Yet, it represents one of the most difficult and complicated routes. Accordingly, scientists are in a continuous search for novel drug delivery vehicles such as the lipid and polymeric nanoparticles that are apt to enhance the bioavailability of the administered drugs to reach the brain. In this study, a certain number of publications were selected from different databases and literature. Meta-analysis studies using two different algorithms (DerSimonian-Laird and inverse variance) followed aiming to explore the published studies and confirm by evidence the superiority of nanocarriers in enhancing the brain bioavailability of various drugs. Furthermore, the quantitative comparison of lipid versus polymeric nanosystems was performed. METHODS The area under the curve (AUC) as an important pharmacokinetic parameter extracted from in vivo animal studies was designated as the "effect" in the performed meta-analysis after normalization. Forest plots were generated. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis confirmed the augmentation of the AUC after the comparison with traditional preparations such as solutions and suspensions. Most importantly, lipid nanoparticles were proven to be significantly superior to the polymeric counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M. Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Kanugo A, Dugad T. Design Optimization and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Azelnidipine for the treatment of Hypertension. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 18:NANOTEC-EPUB-127079. [PMID: 36278461 DOI: 10.2174/1872210517666221019102543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are the most promising lipid-based drug delivery utilized for enhancing the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of poorly water-soluble molecules. Azelnidipine (AZN) is a calcium channel blocker widely recommended for the treatment of high blood pressure but its activity is restricted due to high lipophilicity and poor solubility in the GIT. The current research focused on the development of the SLN of AZN and thereby improving the absorption, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy in hypertension which is a leading cause of death worldwide. Recent patents on SLN was available as U.S. Patent,10,973,798B2, U.S. Patent 10,251,960B2, U.S. Patent 2021/0069121A1, U.S. Patent 2022/0151945A1. METHODS SLN was developed by hot melt emulsification and ultrasonication method using glyceryl monostearate (GMS) as solid lipid and Poloxamer 188 as a surfactant for the stabilization of colloidal dispersion. RESULTS Box-Behnken model was utilized which predicted 13 batches in which concentration of GMS (X1), Poloxamer 188 (X2) and sonication time (X3) were considered as independent parameters. The particle size (Y1) and entrapment efficiency (Y2) were dependable parameters and optimized batch F2 showed a particle size of 166.4 nm, polydispersity index of 0.40 and zeta potential of -13.7 mV. The entrapment efficiency was observed at 86.21 %. FTIR spectra confirm the identity and compatibility with the formulation components. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the absence of melting point and interpreted that AZN was entirely incorporated in the lipid matrix and transformed from crystalline to amorphous form. The ANOVA for the particle size (p-value: 0.0203), % EE (p-value: 0.0271) was found significant. The in-vitro drug release showed a sustained release pattern for about 12 h. The AZN-loaded SLN was lyophilized and intended for oral delivery. CONCLUSION AZN-loaded SLN was developed by the hot melt emulsification method which accelerated the solubility and bioavailability and released in a sustained manner for treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kanugo
- SVKM's NMIMS School of Pharmacy and Technology Management Shirpur, Dhule, India-425405
| | - Tejas Dugad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM NMIMS SPTM Shirpur, Dhule, India-425405
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Akbari J, Saeedi M, Ahmadi F, Hashemi SMH, Babaei A, Yaddollahi S, Rostamkalaei SS, Asare-Addo K, Nokhodchi A. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: A review of the methods of manufacture and routes of administration. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:525-544. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2084554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Hassan Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Babaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sadra Yaddollahi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyyed Sohrab Rostamkalaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Iran, Amol.
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutical Research laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Zafar A, Yasir M, Alruwaili NK, Imam SS, Alsaidan OA, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Alquraini A, Rawaf A, Ansari MJ, Sara UVS. Formulation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Cephalexin: Physiochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051055. [PMID: 35267877 PMCID: PMC8915057 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A cephalexin (CEP) self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was developed in this study to improve the drug’s oral administration. The CEP-SNEDDS was made utilizing an aqueous titration method employing Lauroglycol 90, Poloxamer 188, and Transcutol-HP. Box-Behnken design (BBD) with three factors at three levels was used for optimization, and their impacts on globule size (nm), transmittance (percent), and emulsification time (s) were assessed. The optimized formulation (Opt-F3) was further tested for zeta potential, refractive index, percent transmittance, thermodynamic stability, in-vitro release, ex vivo permeability, antibacterial activity, and bioavailability. The chosen formulation (Opt-F3) had a globule size of 87.25 ± 3.16 nm, PDI of 0.25, zeta potential of −24.37 mV, self-emulsification duration of 52 ± 1.7 s, and percentage transmittance of 99.13 ± 1.5%, viscosity of 96.26 ± 2.72 cp, and refractive index of 1.29 ± 0.1. It showed a sustained release profile (94.28 ± 5.92 percent in 24 h). The Opt-F3 formulation had 3.95 times the permeability of CEP-dispersion. In comparison to CEP-dispersion, it also demonstrated greater antibacterial efficacy against tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The oral bioavailability of Opt-F3 is 3.48 times higher than that of CEP-dispersion, according to an in-vivo investigation. It has been determined that the prepared CEP-SNEDDS may be an advantageous carrier for CEP delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.A.); (O.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Mohd Yasir
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella 396, Ethiopia;
| | - Nabil K. Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.A.); (O.A.A.)
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.A.); (O.A.A.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Almaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Alquraini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Al Baha 65731, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alenazy Rawaf
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Udai Vir Singh Sara
- Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Lucknow 226020, Uttar Pradesh, India;
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Nguyen TTL, Maeng HJ. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intranasal Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Nose-to-Brain Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:572. [PMID: 35335948 PMCID: PMC8948700 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nose-to-brain drug delivery has been of great interest for the treatment of many central nervous system (CNS) diseases and psychiatric disorders over past decades. Several nasally administered formulations have been developed to circumvent the blood-brain barrier and directly deliver drugs to the CNS through the olfactory and trigeminal pathways. However, the nasal mucosa's drug absorption is insufficient and the volume of the nasal cavity is small, which, in combination, make nose-to-brain drug delivery challenging. These problems could be minimized using formulations based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) or nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), which are effective nose-to-brain drug delivery systems that improve drug bioavailability by increasing drug solubility and permeation, extending drug action, and reducing enzymatic degradation. Various research groups have reported in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SLNs and NLCs nose-to-brain delivery systems. This review was undertaken to provide an overview of these studies and highlight research performed on SLN and NLC-based formulations aimed at improving the treatment of CNS diseases such neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. We discuss the efficacies and brain targeting efficiencies of these formulations based on considerations of their pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicities, point out some gaps in current knowledge, and propose future developmental targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea;
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Agrawal S, Garg A, Varshney V. Recent updates on applications of Lipid-based nanoparticles for site-specific drug delivery. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:24-41. [PMID: 35249522 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220304111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Site-specific drug delivery is a widespread and demanding area nowadays. Lipid-based nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have shown promising effects for targeting drugs among lymphatic systems, brain tissues, lungs, and skin. Recently, lipid nanoparticles are used for targeting the brain via the mucosal route for local therapeutic effects. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can help in enhancing the efficacy and lowering the toxicities of anticancer drugs to treat the tumors, particularly in lymph after metastases of tumors. LNPs contain a non-polar core that can improve the absorption of lipophilic drugs into the lymph node and treat tumors. Cellular uptake of drugs can also be enhanced using LNPs and therefore, LNPs are the ideal carrier for treating intracellular infections such as leishmaniasis, tuberculosis and parasitic infection in the brain, etc. Furthermore, specific surface modifications with molecules like mannose, or PEG could improve the macrophage uptake and hence effectively eradicate parasites hiding in macrophages. METHOD An electronic literature search was conducted to update the advancements in the field of site-specific drug delivery utilizing lipid-based nanoparticles. A search of the Scopus database (https://www.scopus.com/home.uri) was conducted using the following keywords: lipid-based nanoparticles; site specific delivery. CONCLUSION Solid lipid nanoparticles have shown site-specific targeted delivery to various organs including the liver, oral mucosa, brain, epidermis, pulmonary and lymphatic systems. These lipid-based systems showed improved bioavailability as well as reduced side effects. Therefore, the focus of this article is to review the recent research studies on LNPs for site-specific or targeting drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanshu Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, U.P., India
| | - Anuj Garg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, U.P., India
| | - Vikas Varshney
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, U.P., India
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Salama A, El-Hashemy HA, Darwish AB. Formulation and optimization of lornoxicam-loaded bilosomes using 23 full factorial design for the management of osteoarthritis in rats: Modulation of MAPK/Erk1 signaling pathway. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Alnusaire TS. Olive Leaves (Olea europaea L) Extract Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles: Optimization of Processing Parameters by Box-Behnken Statistical Design, in-vitro Characterization, and Evaluation of Anti-oxidant and Anti-microbial Activity. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1403-1416. [PMID: 34615828 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to prepare and evaluated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of olive leaves extract powder (OLP) which contained many anti-oxidant and antimicrobial agents like oleuropein, a natural polyphenol. The major issue concern OLP was the instability due to environmental conditions and hence compromised bioactivity. To overcome this problem, SLNs were designed by hot homogenous followed by sonication technique to protect the drug and improve its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Lipids like compritol 888ATO and surfactant like tween 80 were used for the development and stabilization of SLNS and optimization was done by Box-Behnken statistical design (3x3). The optimized batch (F9) showed particle size, entrapment efficiency, PDI, and zeta potential 277.46 nm, 80.48%, 0.275, and -23.18 mV respectively. Optimized formulation (F9) exhibited a sustained release pattern up to 24 h with first-order release kinetic (R2 = 0.9984) and the mechanism of drug release was found to be Fickian diffusion type (n = 0.441). Upon the stability study, it could be found that SLNs formulation was stable. Anti-oxidation and anti-microbial studies were conducted on optimized formulation and findings suggested that SLNs showed an improved radical scavenging activity and anti-microbial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Finally, it was concluded that developed SLNs were able to protect and suitable for the delivery of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed S Alnusaire
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University.,Olive Research Center, Jouf University
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Zafar A, Alruwaili NK, Imam SS, Alsaidan OA, Alharbi KS, Yasir M, Elmowafy M, Mohammed EF, Al-Oanzi ZH. Formulation of Chitosan-Coated Piperine NLCs: Optimization, In Vitro Characterization, and In Vivo Preclinical Assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:231. [PMID: 34477999 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present research work, surface-modified nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) with chitosan (CH) were prepared to improve the therapeutic efficacy of piperine (PP). NLCs were developed and optimized (CH-PP-NLCs-opt) by design expert software and the selected NLCs surface was coated with chitosan (0.2% w/v). CH-PP-NLCs-opt have shown a particle size of 149.34 ± 4.54 nm and entrapment efficiency of 80.65 ± 1.23%. The results of the solid-state characterization study exhibited that PP enclosed in lipids and present amorphous form. It might be due to the nanoparticle size of NLCs. The drug release study revealed PP-NLCs-opt and CH-PP-NLCs-opt exhibited significant (P < 0.05) difference in PP release (88.87 ± 5.23% and 76.34 ± 4.54%) as compared to pure PP (19.02 ± 2.87%). CH-PP-NLCs-opt exhibited strong bioadhesion than PP-NLCs-opt which has a positive influence the drug permeation and absorption. CH-PP-NLCs-opt showed higher permeation (1083.34 ± 34.15 μg/ cm2) than pure PP (106.65 ± 15.44 μg/cm2) and PP-NLCs-opt (732.45 ± 28.56 μg/ cm2). The significantly enhanced bioavailability of PP was observed from CH-PP-NLCs-opt (3.76- and 1.21-fold) than PP-dispersion and PP-NLCs-opt. The diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg, citrate buffer pH 4.5), and results revealed that PP-NLCs-opt and CH-PP-NLCs-opt reduce the blood glucose level (28.26% and 36.52% respectively) as compared to PP-dispersion (10.87%). It also helps to maintain the altered biochemical parameters. In conclusion, CH-PP-NLC can be a novel oral nanocarrier for the management of diabetes.
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Mahjoub MA, Ebrahimnejad P, Shahlaee F, Ebrahimi P, Sadeghi-Ghadi Z. Preparation and optimization of controlled release nanoparticles containing cefixime using Central Composite design: An attempt to enrich its antimicrobial activity. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:369-378. [PMID: 34315365 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210726160956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increased resistance against existing antibiotics, research is essential to discover new and alternative ways to control infections induced by resistant pathogens. OBJECTIVE The goal of the current scrutinization was to enrich the dissolution rate and antibacterial property of cefixime (CEF) orally. METHODS To achieve the desired results, chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) containing CEF were fabricated using the ionic gelation method. Central Composite design has been applied to get the optimal formulation for the delivery of CEF. The effect of three variables such as the concentration of chitosan, tripolyphosphate, and tween 80 on the characteristics of NPs was evaluated. RESULTS The optimized NPs were a relatively monodispersed size distribution with an average diameter of 193 nm and a zeta potential of about 11 mV. The scanning tunneling microscope confirmed the size of NPs. The surface morphology of NPs was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The calorimetric analysis indicated the amorphous state of cefixime in the formulation. The dissolution rate of NPs in aqueous media was acceptable and the model of release kinetic for CEF from NPs followed the Peppas model. The potency of CEF in NPs against various types of bacteria was hopefully efficient. The ex- vivo release study demonstrated higher penetration of NPs from the rat intestine compared to free drug. The cell culture study showed the safety of the optimized formulation. CONCLUSION It was concluded that CLN could be considered as a prospering system for the controlled delivery of CEF with advantaging its antibacterial effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Mahjoub
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Ebrahimnejad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahlaee
- Islamic Azad University Tehran North Branch, Department of Chemistry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouneh Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zaynab Sadeghi-Ghadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Box–Behnken design, kinetic, and isotherm models for oxytetracycline adsorption onto Co-based ZIF-67. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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