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Algahtani MS, Ahmad J, Mohammed AA, Ahmad MZ. Extrusion-based 3D printing for development of complex capsular systems for advanced drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124550. [PMID: 39103062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the feasibility of extrusion-based 3D printing techniques for producing complex dosage forms (such as capsular shells/devices) that provide controlled drug release and targeted delivery. The current discussion explores how extrusion-based 3D printing techniques, particularly Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and Pressure-Assisted Modelling (PAM), offer significant advantages in fabricating such complex dosage forms. This technology enables the fabrication of single-, dual-, or multi-compartment capsular systems with customized designs/geometry of the capsular shell to achieve delayed, sustained, or pulsatile drug release. The impact of customized design/geometry on the biopharmaceutical performances of loaded therapeutics is comprehensively discussed. The potential of 3D printing techniques for different specialized drug delivery purposes like gastric floating, implants, suppositories, and printfills are also addressed. This technique has the potential to significantly improve the therapeutic outcomes, and patient adherence to medication regimens, and pave the way for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Algahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Aleem Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
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Tonk M, Gupta V, Dhwaj A, Sachdeva M. Current developments and advancements of 3-dimensional printing in personalized medication and drug screening. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2024:dmdi-2024-0024. [PMID: 39331538 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2024-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 3-Dimensional printing (3DP) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique that is expanding quickly because of its low cost and excellent efficiency. The 3D printing industry grew by 19.5 % in 2021 in spite of the COVID-19 epidemic, and by 2026, the worldwide market is expected to be valued up to 37.2 billion US dollars. CONTENT Science Direct, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, DOAJ, and other academic databases provide evidence of the increased interest in 3DP technology and innovative drug delivery approaches in recent times. SUMMARY In this review four main 3DP technologies that are appropriate for pharmaceutical applications: extrusion-based, powder-based, liquid-based, and sheet lamination-based systems are discussed. This study is focused on certain 3DP technologies that may be used to create dosage forms, pharmaceutical goods, and other items with broad regulatory acceptance and technological viability for use in commercial manufacturing. It also discusses pharmaceutical applications of 3DP in drug delivery and drug screening. OUTLOOK The pharmaceutical sector has seen the prospect of 3D printing in risk assessment, medical personalisation, and the manufacture of complicated dose formulas at a reasonable cost. AM has great promise to revolutionise the manufacturing and use of medicines, especially in the field of personalized medicine. The need to understand more about the potential applications of 3DP in medical and pharmacological contexts has grown over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Tonk
- Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Monika Sachdeva
- Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Poudel I, Mita N, Babu RJ. 3D printed dosage forms, where are we headed? Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38993098 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2379943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 3D Printing (3DP) is an innovative fabrication technology that has gained enormous popularity through its paradigm shifts in manufacturing in several disciplines, including healthcare. In this past decade, we have witnessed the impact of 3DP in drug product development. Almost 8 years after the first USFDA approval of the 3D printed tablet Levetiracetam (Spritam), the interest in 3DP for drug products is high. However, regulatory agencies have often questioned its large-scale industrial practicability, and 3DP drug approval/guidelines are yet to be streamlined. AREAS COVERED In this review, major technologies involved with the fabrication of drug products are introduced along with the prospects of upcoming technologies, including AI (Artificial Intelligence). We have touched upon regulatory updates and discussed the burning limitations, which require immediate focus, illuminating status, and future perspectives on the near future of 3DP in the pharmaceutical field. EXPERT OPINION 3DP offers significant advantages in rapid prototyping for drug products, which could be beneficial for personalizing patient-based pharmaceutical dispensing. It seems inevitable that the coming decades will be marked by exponential growth in personalization, and 3DP could be a paradigm-shifting asset for pharmaceutical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwor Poudel
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nur Mita
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Algahtani MS, Mohammed AA, Ahmad J, Ali R, Saleh E. 3D printed capsule shells for personalized dosing of cyclosporine-loaded SNEDDS. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123707. [PMID: 38101759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporine (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant agent that has been used since 1980 for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and is extensively used to enhance the survival rate of patients and grafts following organ transplant surgeries. CsA is a poorly soluble drug with a narrow therapeutic window and inter-subject variability, which can lead to graft rejection, nephrotoxicity and other severe adverse effects. This study explores a novel method that combines solubility enhancement of CsA using SNEDDS formulation and personalized dosage delivery using 3D printing technology. The oil phase was chosen as a combination of caproyl 90 and octanoic acid while the Smix phase was chosen as a combination of cremophore El and PEG 400. The optimized liquid SNEDDS was solidified using PEG 6000. An FDM printer was used to print a capsular shell with an oval base that ascends to form a dome with an opening at the top. This opening is used to fill the molten CsA-loaded SNEDDS formulation using a pipette or syringe. The CsA-loaded SNEDDS formulation was characterized by FTIR, DSC and SEM/EDX. The in-vitro release of CsA showed complete release within sixty minutes and followed Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics. The drug release was not affected by either the shell opening size or the amount of the loaded formulation. This novel method is simple and straightforward for personalized dosage delivery of drug-loaded SNEDDS formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Algahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdul Aleem Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Saleh
- Future Manufacturing Processes Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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5
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Narala S, Ali Youssef AA, Munnangi SR, Narala N, Lakkala P, Vemula SK, Repka M. 3D printing in vaginal drug delivery: a revolution in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38236621 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2306139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Food and Drug Administration's approval of the first three-dimensional (3D) printed tablet, Spritam®, led to a burgeoning interest in using 3D printing to fabricate numerous drug delivery systems for different routes of administration. The high degree of manufacturing flexibility achieved through 3D printing facilitates the preparation of dosage forms with many actives with complex and tailored release profiles that can address individual patient needs. AREAS COVERED This comprehensive review provides an in-depth look into the several 3D printing technologies currently utilized in pharmaceutical research. Additionally, the review delves into vaginal anatomy and physiology, 3D-printed drug delivery systems for vaginal applications, the latest research studies, and the challenges of 3D printing technology and future possibilities. EXPERT OPINION 3D printing technology can produce drug-delivery devices or implants optimized for vaginal applications, including vaginal rings, intra-vaginal inserts, or biodegradable microdevices loaded with drugs, all custom-tailored to deliver specific medications with controlled release profiles. However, though the potential of 3D printing in vaginal drug delivery is promising, there are still challenges and regulatory hurdles to overcome before these technologies can be widely adopted and approved for clinical use. Extensive research and testing are necessary to ensure safety, effectiveness, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Kocabas LI, Ayyoubi S, Tajqurishi M, Quodbach J, Vermonden T, Kok RJ. 3D-printed prednisolone phosphate suppositories with tunable dose and rapid release for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123639. [PMID: 38042381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Established medicines are often not tailored to the needs of the pediatric population, causing difficulties with administration or dosing. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology allows novel approaches for compounding of personalized medicine, as is exemplified in this study for the automated compounding of rectal preparations for children. We investigated the material requirements to print prednisolone phosphate-loaded suppositories with tunable dose and rapid drug release for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Three formulations containing 4 % w/w prednisolone sodium phosphate (PSP) and different amounts of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and mannitol as excipients were printed as suppositories with a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printer. Dissolution studies showed that the PSP release rate was increased when higher weight fractions of mannitol were added as a pore former, with 90 % drug release within 30 min for mannitol 48 % w/w. We further printed suppositories with 48 % mannitol with different infill densities and dimensions to tune the dose. Our findings demonstrated that 3D-printed suppositories with PSP doses ranging from 6 to 30 mg could be compounded without notably affecting the dissolution kinetics, ensuring equivalent therapeutic efficacies for different doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Kocabas
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands.
| | - S Ayyoubi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - M Tajqurishi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - J Quodbach
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - T Vermonden
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - R J Kok
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
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Carou-Senra P, Rodríguez-Pombo L, Monteagudo-Vilavedra E, Awad A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Basit AW, Goyanes A, Couce ML. 3D Printing of Dietary Products for the Management of Inborn Errors of Intermediary Metabolism in Pediatric Populations. Nutrients 2023; 16:61. [PMID: 38201891 PMCID: PMC10780524 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Inborn Error of Intermediary Metabolism (IEiM) diseases may be low, yet collectively, they impact approximately 6-10% of the global population, primarily affecting children. Precise treatment doses and strict adherence to prescribed diet and pharmacological treatment regimens are imperative to avert metabolic disturbances in patients. However, the existing dietary and pharmacological products suffer from poor palatability, posing challenges to patient adherence. Furthermore, frequent dose adjustments contingent on age and drug blood levels further complicate treatment. Semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing technology is currently under assessment as a pioneering method for crafting customized chewable dosage forms, surmounting the primary limitations prevalent in present therapies. This method offers a spectrum of advantages, including the flexibility to tailor patient-specific doses, excipients, and organoleptic properties. These elements are pivotal in ensuring the treatment's efficacy, safety, and adherence. This comprehensive review presents the current landscape of available dietary products, diagnostic methods, therapeutic monitoring, and the latest advancements in SSE technology. It highlights the rationale underpinning their adoption while addressing regulatory aspects imperative for their seamless integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Carou-Senra
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Lucía Rodríguez-Pombo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Einés Monteagudo-Vilavedra
- Servicio de Neonatología, Unidad de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Metabólicas Congénitas, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, RICORS, CIBERER, MetabERN, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Atheer Awad
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK;
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Abdul W. Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
- FABRX Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK
- FABRX Artificial Intelligence, 27543 O Saviñao, Spain
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Materials Institute (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (L.R.-P.); (C.A.-L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
- FABRX Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford, Kent TN24 8DH, UK
- FABRX Artificial Intelligence, 27543 O Saviñao, Spain
| | - María L. Couce
- Servicio de Neonatología, Unidad de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Metabólicas Congénitas, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, RICORS, CIBERER, MetabERN, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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Ahmad J, Garg A, Mustafa G, Mohammed AA, Ahmad MZ. 3D Printing Technology as a Promising Tool to Design Nanomedicine-Based Solid Dosage Forms: Contemporary Research and Future Scope. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1448. [PMID: 37242690 PMCID: PMC10220923 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing technology in medicine is gaining great attention from researchers since the FDA approved the first 3D-printed tablet (Spritam®) on the market. This technique permits the fabrication of various types of dosage forms with different geometries and designs. Its feasibility in the design of different types of pharmaceutical dosage forms is very promising for making quick prototypes because it is flexible and does not require expensive equipment or molds. However, the development of multi-functional drug delivery systems, specifically as solid dosage forms loaded with nanopharmaceuticals, has received attention in recent years, although it is challenging for formulators to convert them into a successful solid dosage form. The combination of nanotechnology with the 3D printing technique in the field of medicine has provided a platform to overcome the challenges associated with the fabrication of nanomedicine-based solid dosage forms. Therefore, the major focus of the present manuscript is to review the recent research developments that involved the formulation design of nanomedicine-based solid dosage forms utilizing 3D printing technology. Utilization of 3D printing techniques in the field of nanopharmaceuticals achieved the successful transformation of liquid polymeric nanocapsules and liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) to solid dosage forms such as tablets and suppositories easily with customized doses as per the needs of the individual patient (personalized medicine). Furthermore, the present review also highlights the utility of extrusion-based 3D printing techniques (Pressure-Assisted Microsyringe-PAM; Fused Deposition Modeling-FDM) to produce tablets and suppositories containing polymeric nanocapsule systems and SNEDDS for oral and rectal administration. The manuscript critically analyzes contemporary research related to the impact of various process parameters on the performance of 3D-printed solid dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anuj Garg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Aleem Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
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Serrano DR, Kara A, Yuste I, Luciano FC, Ongoren B, Anaya BJ, Molina G, Diez L, Ramirez BI, Ramirez IO, Sánchez-Guirales SA, Fernández-García R, Bautista L, Ruiz HK, Lalatsa A. 3D Printing Technologies in Personalized Medicine, Nanomedicines, and Biopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:313. [PMID: 36839636 PMCID: PMC9967161 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing technologies enable medicine customization adapted to patients' needs. There are several 3D printing techniques available, but majority of dosage forms and medical devices are printed using nozzle-based extrusion, laser-writing systems, and powder binder jetting. 3D printing has been demonstrated for a broad range of applications in development and targeting solid, semi-solid, and locally applied or implanted medicines. 3D-printed solid dosage forms allow the combination of one or more drugs within the same solid dosage form to improve patient compliance, facilitate deglutition, tailor the release profile, or fabricate new medicines for which no dosage form is available. Sustained-release 3D-printed implants, stents, and medical devices have been used mainly for joint replacement therapies, medical prostheses, and cardiovascular applications. Locally applied medicines, such as wound dressing, microneedles, and medicated contact lenses, have also been manufactured using 3D printing techniques. The challenge is to select the 3D printing technique most suitable for each application and the type of pharmaceutical ink that should be developed that possesses the required physicochemical and biological performance. The integration of biopharmaceuticals and nanotechnology-based drugs along with 3D printing ("nanoprinting") brings printed personalized nanomedicines within the most innovative perspectives for the coming years. Continuous manufacturing through the use of 3D-printed microfluidic chips facilitates their translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores R. Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aytug Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Yuste
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francis C. Luciano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Baris Ongoren
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Brayan J. Anaya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Molina
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Diez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca I. Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irving O. Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio A. Sánchez-Guirales
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Fernández-García
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana Bautista
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helga K. Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- CRUK Formulation Unit, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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10
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Domsta V, Krause J, Weitschies W, Seidlitz A. 3D Printing of Paracetamol Suppositories: An Automated Manufacturing Technique for Individualized Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2676. [PMID: 36559169 PMCID: PMC9785904 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounding using the molding technique is the currently applied method for the on-demand manufacturing of suppositories and pessaries. Potential errors of this method are difficult to detect, and the possibilities of individualization of size and shape of the suppositories are limited. In this study, a syringe-based semi-solid 3D printing technique was developed for the manufacturing of suppositories in three different printing designs with the suppository bases polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hard fat (HF). The 3D printed suppositories were analyzed for their visual appearance, uniformity of mass and content, diametrical dimension, breaking force and release behavior and compared to suppositories of the same composition prepared by a commonly used molding technique. The results showed no adverse properties for the 3D printed suppositories compared to the molded ones. Moreover, the easy adaptation of shape using the 3D printing technique was demonstrated by the printing of different sizes and infill structures. Thus, 3D printing has great potential to complement the available manufacturing methods for compounded suppositories, as it represents an automated system for the individualized manufacturing of suppositories that meet patients' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Domsta
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julius Krause
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Seidlitz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abdelhamid M, Koutsamanis I, Corzo C, Maisriemler M, Ocampo AB, Slama E, Alva C, Lochmann D, Reyer S, Freichel T, Salar-Behzadi S, Spoerk M. Filament-based 3D-printing of placebo dosage forms using brittle lipid-based excipients. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122013. [PMID: 35839981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to expand the limited portfolio of available polymer-based excipients for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) printed pharmaceutical products, Lipid-based excipients (LBEs) have yet to be thoroughly investigated. The technical obstacle of LBEs application is, however their crystalline nature that renders them very brittle and challenging for processing via 3D-printing. In this work, we evaluated the functionality of LBEs for filament-based 3D-printing of oral dosage forms. Polyglycerol partial ester of palmitic acid and polyethylene glycols monostearate were selected as LBEs, based on their chemical structure, possessing polar groups for providing hydrogen-bonding sites. A fundamental understanding of structure-function relationship was built to screen the critical material attributes relevant for both extrusion and 3D-printing processes. The thermal behavior of lipids, including the degree of their supercooling, was the critical attribute for their processing. The extrudability of materials was improved through different feeding approaches, including the common powder feeding and a devised liquid feeding setup. Liquid feeding was found to be more efficient, allowing the production of filaments with high flexibility and improved printability. Filaments with superior performance were produced using polyglycerol ester of palmitic acid. In-house designed modifications of the utilized 3D-printer were essential for a flawless processing of the filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaaz Abdelhamid
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Carolina Corzo
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Eyke Slama
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolina Alva
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Spoerk
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
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12
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Barber BW, Dumont C, Caisse P, Simon GP, Boyd BJ. A 3D-Printed Polymer-Lipid-Hybrid Tablet towards the Development of Bespoke SMEDDS Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122107. [PMID: 34959390 PMCID: PMC8707116 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing is a rapidly growing area of interest within pharmaceutical science thanks to its versatility in creating different dose form geometries and drug doses to enable the personalisation of medicines. Research in this area has been dominated by polymer-based materials; however, for poorly water-soluble lipophilic drugs, lipid formulations present advantages in improving bioavailability. This study progresses the area of 3D-printed solid lipid formulations by providing a 3D-printed dissolvable polymer scaffold to compartmentalise solid lipid formulations within a single dosage form. This allows the versatility of different drugs in different lipid formulations, loaded into different compartments to generate wide versatility in drug release, and specific control over release geometry to tune release rates. Application to a range of drug molecules was demonstrated by incorporating the model lipophilic drugs; halofantrine, lumefantrine and clofazimine into the multicompartmental scaffolded tablets. Fenofibrate was used as the model drug in the single compartment scaffolded tablets for comparison with previous studies. The formulation-laden scaffolds were characterised using X-ray CT and dispersion of the formulation was studied using nephelometry, while release of a range of poorly water-soluble drugs into different gastrointestinal media was studied using HPLC. The studies show that dispersion and drug release are predictably dependent on the exposed surface area-to-volume ratio (SA:V) and independent of the drug. At the extremes of SA:V studied here, within 20 min of dissolution time, formulations with an SA:V of 0.8 had dispersed to between 90 and 110%, and completely released the drug, where as an SA:V of 0 yielded 0% dispersion and drug release. Therefore, this study presents opportunities to develop new dose forms with advantages in a polypharmacy context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce W. Barber
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia;
| | - Camille Dumont
- Gattefossé SAS, 36 Chemin de Genas, CEDEX, 69804 Saint-Priest, France; (C.D.); (P.C.)
| | - Philippe Caisse
- Gattefossé SAS, 36 Chemin de Genas, CEDEX, 69804 Saint-Priest, France; (C.D.); (P.C.)
| | - George P. Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne 3800, Australia;
| | - Ben J. Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia;
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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13
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Parhi R, Jena GK. An updated review on application of 3D printing in fabricating pharmaceutical dosage forms. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:2428-2462. [PMID: 34613595 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The concept of "one size fits all" followed by the conventional healthcare system has drawbacks in providing precise pharmacotherapy due to variation in the pharmacokinetics of different patients leading to serious consequences such as side effects. In this regard, digital-based three-dimensional printing (3DP), which refers to fabricating 3D printed pharmaceutical dosage forms with variable geometry in a layer-by-layer fashion, has become one of the most powerful and innovative tools in fabricating "personalized medicine" to cater to the need of therapeutic benefits for patients to the maximum extent. This is achieved due to the tremendous potential of 3DP in tailoring various drug delivery systems (DDS) in terms of size, shape, drug loading, and drug release. In addition, 3DP has a huge impact on special populations including pediatrics, geriatrics, and pregnant women with unique or frequently changing medical needs. The areas covered in the present article are as follows: (i) the difference between traditional and 3DP manufacturing tool, (ii) the basic processing steps involved in 3DP, (iii) common 3DP methods with their pros and cons, (iv) various DDS fabricated by 3DP till date with discussing few research studies in each class of DDS, (v) the drug loading principles into 3D printed dosage forms, and (vi) regulatory compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabinarayan Parhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Susruta School of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar-788011, Assam, India.
| | - Goutam Kumar Jena
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur-7600010, Odisha, India
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14
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Karavasili C, Eleftheriadis GK, Gioumouxouzis C, Andriotis EG, Fatouros DG. Mucosal drug delivery and 3D printing technologies: A focus on special patient populations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113858. [PMID: 34237405 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have revolutionized how healthcare provision is envisioned. The rapid evolution of these technologies has already created a momentum in the effort to address unmet personalized needs in large patient groups, especially those belonging to sensitive subgroup populations (e.g., paediatric, geriatric, visually impaired). At the same time, AM technologies have become a salient ally to overcome defined health challenges in drug formulation development by addressing not only the requirement of personalized therapy, but also problems related to lowering non-specific drug distribution and the risk of adverse reactions, enhancing drug absorption and bioavailability, as well as ease of administration and patient compliance. To this end, mucoadhesive drug delivery systems fabricated with the support of AM technologies provide competitive advantages over conventional dosage forms, aiming to entice innovation in drug formulation with special focus on sensitive patient populations.
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15
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Algahtani MS, Mohammed AA, Ahmad J, Abdullah MM, Saleh E. 3D Printing of Dapagliflozin Containing Self-Nanoemulsifying Tablets: Formulation Design and In Vitro Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070993. [PMID: 34209066 PMCID: PMC8309195 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3D printing techniques have been explored extensively in recent years for pharmaceutical manufacturing and drug delivery applications. The current investigation aims to explore 3D printing for the design and development of a nanomedicine-based oral solid dosage form of a poorly water-soluble drug. A self-nanoemulsifying tablet formulation of dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate was developed utilizing the semisolid pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM) extrusion-based 3D printing technique. The developed formulation system consists of two major components (liquid and solid phase), which include oils (caproyl 90, octanoic acid) and co-surfactant (PEG 400) as liquid phase while surfactant (poloxamer 188) and solid matrix (PEG 6000) as solid-phase excipients that ultimately self-nanoemulsify as a drug encapsulated nanoemulsion system on contact with aqueous phase/gastrointestinal fluid. The droplet size distribution of the generated nanoemulsion from a self-nanoemulsifying 3D printed tablet was observed to be 104.7 ± 3.36 nm with polydispersity index 0.063 ± 0.024. The FT-IR analysis of the printed tablet revealed that no drug-excipients interactions were observed. The DSC and X-RD analysis of the printed tablet revealed that the loaded drug is molecularly dispersed in the crystal lattice of the tablet solid matrix and remains solubilized in the liquid phase of the printed tablet. SEM image of the drug-loaded self-nanoemulsifying tablets revealed that dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate was completely encapsulated in the solid matrix of the printed tablet, which was further confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. The in vitro dissolution profile of dapagliflozin-loaded self-nanoemulsifying tablet revealed an immediate-release drug profile for all three sizes (8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm) tablets, exhibiting >75.0% drug release within 20 min. Thus, this study has emphasized the capability of the PAM-based 3D printing technique to print a self-nanoemulsifying tablet dosage form with an immediate-release drug profile for poorly water-soluble drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Algahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Abdul Aleem Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-175428744
| | - M. M. Abdullah
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Department of Physics, College of Arts and Science, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ehab Saleh
- Future Manufacturing Processes Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
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