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Gawas G, Ayyanar M, Gurav N, Hase D, Murade V, Nadaf S, Khan MS, Chikhale R, Kalaskar M, Gurav S. Process Optimization for the Bioinspired Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Cordyceps militaris, Its Characterization, and Assessment of Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1311. [PMID: 37765119 PMCID: PMC10537427 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The promising therapeutic implications of nanoparticles have spurred their development for biomedical applications. An eco-friendly methodology synthesizes gold nanoparticles using Cordyceps militaris, an edible mushroom (Cord-Au-NPs), using a quality-by-design approach (central composite design). UV-visible spectroscopy analysis revealed an absorption peak at 540-550 nm, thus confirming the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Cord-Au-NPs have a crystalline structure, as evidenced by the diffraction peaks. The zeta potential value of -19.42 mV signifies the stability of Cord-Au-NPs. XRD study shows gold facets and EDX analysis revealed a strong peak of spherical nanoparticles in the gold region with a mean particle size of 7.18 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.096. The obtained peaks are closely associated with phenolic groups, lipids, and proteins, as examined by FTIR, suggesting that they function as the reducing agent. Cord-Au-NPs exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activity. The method is eco-friendly, nontoxic, less time-consuming, and does not use synthetic materials, leading to higher capabilities in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Gawas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Panaji 403001, India;
| | - Muniappan Ayyanar
- Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Poondi 613503, India;
| | - Nilambari Gurav
- PES’s Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Ponda 403401, India;
| | - Dinesh Hase
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrutwahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner 422608, India;
| | - Vaishali Murade
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College Pravaranagar, Loni 445001, India;
| | - Sameer Nadaf
- Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Palus 416310, India;
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rupesh Chikhale
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Mohan Kalaskar
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, India;
| | - Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Panaji 403001, India;
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Rajbhar K, Karodadeo GR, Kumar V, Barethiya V, Lahane A, Kale S, Thakre V, Dixit G, Kohale N, Hiradeve S, Rarokar NR. Comparative assessment of solubility enhancement of itroconazole by solid dispersion and co-crystallization technique: Investigation of simultaneous effect of media composition on drug dissolution. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2023; 81:843-855. [PMID: 37182590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Solubility of the drug is an important property of the drug as it affects the release, absorption, dissolution rate and ultimately bioavailability of the drug. Hence, the poorly aqueous soluble drug, need to be processed, to enhance its solubility and dissolution. The Biopharmaceutical System of Classification (BCS) II drugs are poorly soluble and have high permeability. Though their good ability to permeate through the membrane make them clinically useful but the problem associated with the solubility restrict their clinical use. Therefore, there is need to improve the solubility of such drug molecules to get effective pharmacological action. Itraconazole (ITZ) is an antifungal agent used in the treatment of fungal infections having poor aqueous solubility as belonging to BCS class II. The present study was aim to enhance the solubility of ITZ by solid dispersion and co-crystallization techniques. Investigation of simultaneous effect of media composition on drug dissolution was also the objective of this work. The ITZ-SD and ITZ-CCs were prepared from ITZ and other excipients like PEG 4000, oxalic acid, fumaric and malic acid by solvent evaporation, kneading technique, slurry conversion and solvent drop grinding methods. The prepared ITZ-SD, ITZ-OA-CCs, ITZ-FA-CCs and ITZ-MA-CCs were evaluated for FTIR, DSC, PXRD, % yield, micromeritic properties. The optimized ITZ-SD and ITZ-CCs were used to compress a tablet and subject to post-compression parameters. The results of FTIR and DSC showed the absence of interaction between the drug and excipients. The PXRD pattern demonstrated the formation of crystalline structures with 6 folds increased in solubility during saturation solubility analysis. In vitro dissolution was carried out in dissolution media with different pH which shows the maximum release from ITZ-SD and ITZ-CCs in pH 6.8. This also revealed the highly pH dependent solubility and dissolution behavior of the weakly basic BCS class II drug (ITZ) with pKa value of 3.7. The overall results in this study indicated the potential of solid dispersion and co-crystals for enhancement of solubility of the poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Rajbhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Priyadarshini J.L. College of Pharmacy, Electronic zone building, Hingna road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Ramesh Karodadeo
- G H Raisoni Institute of Life Sciences, Shradha Park, Hingna-Wadi Link Road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Prarthana Samaj, Raja Rammohan Roy Road, Girgaon, Mumbai, 400004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Varsha Barethiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Priyadarshini J.L. College of Pharmacy, Electronic zone building, Hingna road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol Lahane
- Dr. R.N. Lahoti Pharmaceutical Education and Research Center, Sultanpur, Buldhana, 443302, India
| | - Shubham Kale
- Vardhaman College of Pharmacy, Karanja (Lad), Dist-Washim, 444105 Washim, India
| | - Vaibhav Thakre
- Vardhaman College of Pharmacy, Karanja (Lad), Dist-Washim, 444105 Washim, India
| | - Gouri Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Priyadarshini J.L. College of Pharmacy, Electronic zone building, Hingna road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin Kohale
- Vardhaman College of Pharmacy, Karanja (Lad), Dist-Washim, 444105 Washim, India
| | - Sachin Hiradeve
- G H Raisoni Institute of Life Sciences, Shradha Park, Hingna-Wadi Link Road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Ramesh Rarokar
- G H Raisoni Institute of Life Sciences, Shradha Park, Hingna-Wadi Link Road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India.
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Gurav S, Usapkar P, Gurav N, Nadaf S, Ayyanar M, Verekar R, Bhole R, Venkataramaiah C, Jena G, Chikhale R. Preparation, characterization, and evaluation (in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo) of naturosomal nanocarriers for enhanced delivery and therapeutic efficacy of hesperetin. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274916. [PMID: 36327264 PMCID: PMC9632909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study intends to formulate, characterize and appraise the phospholipid-based nanovesicular system for enhanced delivery of Hesperetin (HT). The quality by design (QbD) approach was employed to prepare Hesperetin naturosomes (HTN) using the solvent evaporation technique and assessed for physicochemical and pharmacological attributes. The FTIR, DSC, and PXRD studies confirmed the successful formation of a vesicular drug-phospholipid complex, while photomicroscopy, SEM, and TEM analysis revealed the morphology of HTN. The functional attributes substantially enhanced the HT’s aqueous solubility, drug release, and membrane permeation. The aqueous solubility of HTN was ~10-fold more than that of pure HT. Likewise, the in-vitro dissolution data of HTN showed better competence in releasing the HT (>93%) than the pure HT (~64%) or the physical mixture (~74%). Furthermore, HTN significantly altered HT permeation (>53%) when compared to pure HT (23%) or the physical mixture (28%). The current study showed that naturosomes are a promising way to improve the solubility in water, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa, India,* E-mail: (RC); (SG)
| | - Poonam Usapkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Nilambari Gurav
- PES’s Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Sameer Nadaf
- Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Pharmacy, Mahagaon, Chinchewadi, Maharashtra, India
| | - Muniappan Ayyanar
- Department of Botany, A. Veeriya Vandayar Memorial Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rucheera Verekar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Ritesh Bhole
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chintha Venkataramaiah
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Goutam Jena
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Rupesh Chikhale
- UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom,* E-mail: (RC); (SG)
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