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Zhou Y, Huang X, Wu L, Liang Y, Huang Y, Huang S. Microleakage, microgap, and shear bond strength of an infiltrant for pit and fissure sealing. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16248. [PMID: 37229157 PMCID: PMC10205491 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the potential clinical application of an infiltrant with different etchants as pit and fissure sealants and to compare them with a conventional resin-based sealant. Materials and methods Seventy-five molars were randomly divided into three groups (n = 25): phosphoric acid etchant + conventional resin-based sealant (Group A); 15% hydrochloric acid etchant + infiltrant (Group B); phosphoric acid etchant + infiltrant (Group C). Fifteen teeth in each group were subjected to pit and fissure sealing procedures. After 500 thermocycling and methylene blue dye penetration, ten specimens were sectioned and the pencentages of dye penetration were measured under a stereomicroscope. Another five teeth in each group were sectioned and the microgaps between materials and enamel surface were measured using electron microscope scanning. Ten teeth in each group were used to measure shear bond strength and the failure mode was analyzed. Results The results showed that infiltrant exhibited significantly less microleakage and microgap than resin-based sealant, no matter which echant was used. Although there was no significant difference betweern the three groups, infiltrant applied with 15% hydrochloric acid etching showed higher shear bond strength than resin-based sealant etching with 35% phosphoric acid. Conclusions The infiltrant has significant advantages in reducing the degree of microleakage and microgap. Moreover, the infiltrant could achieve the same bonding strength as conventional resin-based sealant. Although, manufacturers do not currently recommend the infiltrant for fissure sealing, the potential clinical application would be an off-label use.Clinical relevance This report provides a theoretical basis for the potential clinical application of the infiltrant as a pit and fissure sealant, and provides a new perspective for selecting pit and fissure sealants.
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Evaluation of Infiltrant Application in the Course of Root Cementum Caries with Different Methods of Surface Preparation—An In Vitro Study. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the depth of penetration of an experimental preparation with the characteristics of a dental infiltrant into the decalcified root cementum tissue and observation of the root cementum tissue subjected to a single and repeated twice hydrochloric acid etching process. The study material consisted of 20 human teeth (the study group—12 demineralised teeth, the control group—8 teeth). A commercially available Icon preparation and an experimental preparation were used for the study with addition 2% of YF3 (yttrium trifluoride) added as an indicator to facilitate microscopic observation. Each tooth was divided into two zones, blue (Icon) and red (experimental preparation). The teeth were divided into two subgroups—in the first subgroup, the etching preparation was applied once, in the second subgroup twice, and at the end the teeth were infiltrated with the experimental preparation and the Icon preparation. The study of tooth longitudinal section morphology and chemical composition was performed with the use of a Hitachi S-3400N scanning electron microscope. Microscopic observations show that the applied YF3 tracer in most cases agglomerates and remains in the form of conglomerates on the surface of the root cementum. Single particles of YF3 are visible, penetrating through the cementum tissues into the root dentine structure. The degree of tissue infiltration with the resin (depth of penetration into decalcified tissues) is visible at a depth of approx. 80–120 μm. In the test group subjected to a single etching process, good penetration of both resins was noticeable, however, excessive erosion of the root surface was evident in several of the specimens—indicating that damage occurred as a result of the etching process. In the test group subjected to two etching processes, excessive erosion of the cementum is visible in each deposit.
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Li M, Yang Z, Huang Y, Li Y, Zhou Z. In vitro effect of resin infiltrant on resistance of sound enamel surfaces in permanent teeth to demineralization. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12008. [PMID: 35047244 PMCID: PMC8759355 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of resin infiltrant on resistance of sound permanent enamel surfaces to demineralization. METHOD Eighty healthy premolars were sectioned to obtain enamel blocks from the buccal surface. Specimens with baseline surface microhardness values of 320-370 were selected. The experimental group were treated with resin infiltrant, while the control group was not. Specimens from each group were artificially demineralized and the surface microhardness values were measured again. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to measure the depth of demineralization and detect the penetration ability of the resin infiltrant. The specimens were subjected to a simulated toothbrushing abrasion test. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe changes in the surface morphology of specimens after each of these procedures. RESULTS No significant differences between the experimental and control groups were observed in the baseline microhardness values or in the experimental group after resin infiltration compared with the baseline conditions. After artificial demineralization, the microhardness value in the control group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group (266.0 (±34.5) compared with 304.0 (±13.0), P = 0.017). Confocal laser scanning microscopy results showed that the demineralization depth in the control group was significantly deeper than that in the experimental group (97.9 (±22.8) µm vs. 50.4 (±14.3) µm, P < 0.001), and that resin infiltrant completely penetrated the acid-etched demineralized area of the tooth enamel with a mean penetration depth of 31.6 (±9.0) µm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface morphology was more uniform and smoother after simulated toothbrushing. The enamel surface structure was more severely destroyed in the control group after artificial demineralization compared with that of the experimental group. CONCLUSION Resin infiltrant can completely penetrate an acid-etched demineralized enamel area and improve resistance of sound enamel surfaces to demineralization. Our findings provide an experimental basis for preventive application of resin infiltrant to sound enamel surfaces to protect tooth enamel against demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengyan Yang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajing Huang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueheng Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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A retrospective clinical study on the resin infiltration of proximal caries lesions: the operator's effect. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:879-885. [PMID: 34570361 PMCID: PMC8526425 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This retrospective university-based study investigated the effect of operators’ training and previous experience on the success of resin infiltration (RI) in arresting proximal non-cavitated caries lesions in primary and permanent teeth. Methods Information was collected regarding RI of proximal non-cavitated caries lesions in primary and permanent teeth with a follow-up period up to 32 months. Factors investigated were: operators’ clinical experience and training, patient’s age, tooth, arch, mouth-side, surface treated, tooth separation, and baseline lesion depth. Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analysis with shared frailty were used (α = 5%). Results A total of 130 proximal surfaces treated on 115 teeth of 43 children (11 ± 4.4 years) were evaluated. Survival of RI was 46% up to 32 months. Lesions treated by non-trained dentists were more likely-to-present progression than those performed by non-trained dental students under supervision (HR 2.41, 95% CI: 1.00–5.80); conversely, no difference was found between non-trained dental students under supervision and trained dentists (HR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.16–1.70). Additionally, dentin lesions were 59% more-likely-to-present progression than enamel lesions (HR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17–0.99). Conclusion The operator’s experience and training could influence the success of RI on proximal non-cavitated caries lesions and it should be taken into consideration when choosing this treatment modality.
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Mendes Soares IP, Anovazzi G, Anselmi C, Leite ML, Scheffel DLS, Soares DG, de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J. Response of pulp cells to resin infiltration of enamel white spot-like lesions. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e329-e340. [PMID: 33579532 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the trans-enamel and trans-dentinal biological effects of treating enamel white spot-like lesions (EWSLs) with resin infiltration components (RICs) on odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) and human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). METHODS EWSLs were induced in 60 enamel/dentin discs (4.0 ± 0.2 mm thick) using S. mutans. The discs were adapted into artificial pulp chambers and MDPC-23 were seeded on the dentin surface. The components of a resin infiltration system (Icon) were applied individually or in combination on the enamel surface as following (n = 10/treatment): Etch, Infiltrant, Etch+Infiltrant, or Etch+Dry+Infiltrant. The application of water or hydrogen peroxide served as negative and positive controls, respectively. After 72 h, MDPC-23 viability was evaluated. The extracts were exposed for 72 h to pre-cultured MDPC-23 and HDPCs in 96-well plates to evaluate cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), mineralized nodule formation (MN), and the expression of inflammatory cytokines (ICs) and mineralization-related genes (MRs). Data were analyzed by ANOVA complemented with Tukey or Games-Howell post-hocs (α = 5%). RESULTS Cell viability, ALP activity, and MN formation were significantly reduced in response to the RICs, presenting intermediate values compared to positive and negative controls. Likewise, ICs were upregulated, whereas MRs were downregulated. Among the RICs, the Etch component caused the most notorious detrimental effects. SIGNIFICANCE Resin infiltration of EWSLs negatively affected the metabolism of pulp cells in vitro. Therefore, even though resin infiltration is a micro-invasive therapy for non-cavitated caries in enamel, it should be closely followed up seen that components may diffuse and unbalance pulp homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Paulino Mendes Soares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Anovazzi
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caroline Anselmi
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Leite
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, São Paulo University (USP), Bauru Faculty of Dentistry, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil.
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Jorge RC, Ammari MM, Soviero VM, Souza IPR. Randomized controlled clinical trial of resin infiltration in primary molars: 2 years follow-up. J Dent 2019; 90:103184. [PMID: 31465818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this split-mouth, randomized, controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of resin infiltration in controlling the progression of non-cavitated proximal lesions in primary molars after two-years follow-up. METHODS Fifty healthy children presenting at least two primary molars with proximal lesion detected radiographically (in the inner half of enamel or the outer third of dentin) were included in the study. The proximal lesions were randomly allocated into resin infltration + flossing (test group) or flossing (control group). All patients received oral hygiene instructions for daily brushing with fluoride toothpaste (1100 ppmF) and flossing. The proportion of caries progression was compared using the McNemar test. The main outcome after 2-years, caries progression in the radiography was assessed by pair-wise reading by an independent examiner who was blind regarding the treatment. RESULTS The sample comprised 28 (56%) girls and 22 (44%) boys with a defs of 7,3 (SD = 6,5), mainly of moderate (46%) to high (48%) caries risk. Results after one year were published previously. After 2-years, 29 (58%) patients were assessed. Caries progression was observed in 24.1% (7/29) of the test lesions, compared with 55.2% (16/29) of the control lesions (p = 0.012). The therapeutic effect was 31.1% and the relative risk reduction (RRR) was 56.3%. Eigth lesions from the control group and two lesions from the test group progressed to the inner third of dentin and were restored. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, resin infiltration was more efficacious in controlling proximal caries lesions in primary molars than non-invasive approach alone. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results indicate that resin infiltration was an efficacious method in controlling proximal caries lesions in primary molars after 2 years, even in patients with high caries risk, reaffirming the results of 1-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Jorge
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Dental School, Faculty of Arthur Sá Earp Neto, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil
| | - M M Ammari
- Department of Specific Training, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil; Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - V M Soviero
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Dental School, Faculty of Arthur Sá Earp Neto, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil.
| | - I P R Souza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Rios D, Oliveira GC, Zampieri CR, Jordão MC, Dionisio EJ, Buzalaf M, Wang L, Honório HM. Resin-Based Materials Protect Against Erosion/Abrasion-a Prolonged In Situ Study. Oper Dent 2019; 44:302-311. [PMID: 30629465 DOI: 10.2341/17-198-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While patient compliance is key to preventive measures related to dental erosion, the application of resin-based materials could serve as an additional treatment to inhibit erosion progression. This in situ study evaluated the effect of applying resin-based materials, including resin infiltrant, on previously eroded enamel subjected to prolonged erosive and abrasive challenges. The factors under study were types of treatment (infiltrant [Icon], sealant [Helioseal Clear], adhesive [Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus], and control [no treatment]); wear conditions (erosion [ERO] and erosion + abrasion [ERO + ABR]) and challenge time (5 and 20 days) in a single-phase study. The blocks were prepared from bovine enamel, eroded (0.01 M HCl, pH 2.3 for 30 seconds) and randomized among treatments, wear conditions, and volunteers. The application of resin-based materials followed the manufacturers' recommendations. Twenty-one volunteers wore the palatal intraoral device, in which one row corresponded to ERO and the other to ERO + ABR. In each row, all treatments were represented (2 blocks per treatment). For 20 days, the erosive challenge was performed 4 times/day (immersion in 0.01 M HCl, pH 2.3, for 2 minutes) for the ERO condition. For the ERO + ABR condition, two of the erosive challenges were followed by abrasion for 15 seconds with fluoride dentifrice slurry. Enamel and/or material loss was measured using profilometry (initial, after treatment, and after the end of the fifth and 20th days of in situ erosive challenge) and analyzed by ANOVA models and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The results showed that the application of resin-based materials did not cause superficial enamel loss. The infiltrant group showed a thicker layer of material above the enamel compared with the other materials (p=0.001). After the erosive challenge, there was no difference between the conditions ERO and ERO + ABR (p=0.869). All materials protected the enamel against erosion progression compared with the control group (p=0.001). Based on these results, we conclude that the application of resin-based materials results in protection of previously eroded enamel subjected to in situ erosive and abrasive challenge for 20 days.
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Silva SN, Reich AM, DeLeon E, Schafer T, Rueggeberg FA, Fortson WM. Staining potential differences between an infiltrative resin and an esthetic, flowable composite. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 30:457-463. [PMID: 30284754 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare color change magnitude of an infiltrative resin and a flowable composite resin after immersion in commonly consumed beverages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disks (1 × 9 mm) of a flowable composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable) and a resin-infiltrative product (Icon) were made. Specimens were dark-stored in tap water (24 hours). Baseline color parameters (CIE L*a*b*) were obtained using a colorimeter (Easyshade V4, VITA). Specimens were immersed (dark stored, 37°C, 1 week) in commercial beverages: Kool-Aid, coffee, Coca-Cola, and tap water (control). ΔE00 between final and baseline conditions for each material/beverage combination was determined (N = 10/group). Initial analysis of variance indicated significant impact of major factors/interactions on ΔE00 . Subsequently, t-tests between ΔE00 values of restorative materials within each beverage was performed: alpha 0.05. RESULTS Kool-Aid produced the greatest color change for flowable composite, with a ΔE00 significantly greater than the infiltrative product. No significant ΔE00 differences were noted between products immersed in coffee, however color parameters causing these differences were not similar. Water or Coca-Cola immersion showed lowest ΔE00 values for both materials, considered visually imperceptible: ΔE00 values <0.8. CONCLUSIONS Color change potential of infiltrative resin or resin composite was highly dependent on beverage type, with no general trends observed in which material was affected more. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Staining potential of an infiltrative restorative resin differs from that of a filled, flowable composite material on a beverage-by-beverage basis. The potential for color change seems not related to the presence or absence of fillers in the restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Silva
- Second-year Pediatric Dentistry Resident, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alena M Reich
- Third-Year Orthodontic Resident, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eladio DeLeon
- Department of Orthodontics, Marvin C. Goldstein Chair of Orthodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tara Schafer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Frederick A Rueggeberg
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Weston M Fortson
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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In vitro study of white spot lesion: Maxilla and mandibular teeth. Saudi Dent J 2018; 30:142-150. [PMID: 29628737 PMCID: PMC5884248 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of resin infiltration on colour changes and surface roughness of artificial white spot lesions (WSLs) on maxillary and mandibular premolar. Materials and methods Sixty (60) extracted sound Maxilla (Mx) and Mandibular (Mn) premolars were randomly divided into 2 groups (test and control). Artificial WSLs were produced on buccal surface of teeth and were immersed in artificial saliva for 8 weeks. Colour components (L∗, a∗, b∗) and surface roughness (Sa∗) were assessed on 40 teeth using colour difference meter RD-100 and Alicona® Infinite Focus profilometer respectively. The measurements were done at baseline (T1), directly after artificial WSLs (T2), after 24 hours immersed in saliva and application of resin (T3) and immersion in artificial saliva for 1 (T4), 2 (T5), 4 (T6), 6 (T7) and 8 (T8) weeks. SEM images analysis were carried out on 20 teeth in four time points. Results The values of L∗ (lightness), b∗ (yellow/blue) and Sa∗ (surface roughness) are gradually reduced to the baseline value. Whereas, the value of a∗ gradually increased with distinct treatment time to achieve the baseline value. The higher value of L∗ and Sa∗, the whiter the lesion suggesting higher degree of enamel demineralization and surface roughness. Lower L∗ values suggest a masking colour effect. Conclusion The material produced favorable esthetics on colour and the surface roughness of teeth at distinct treatment times. It is recommended to be used to improve WSL post orthodontic treatment.
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Swamy DF, Barretto ES, Mallikarjun SB, Dessai SSR. In vitro Evaluation of Resin Infiltrant Penetration into White Spot Lesions of Deciduous Molars. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC71-ZC74. [PMID: 29207838 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/28146.10599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Caries Infiltration is a recent microinvasive restorative technique that permits treatment of non-cavitated demineralized lesions, known as White Spot Lesions (WSL). Aim To evaluate the extent of penetration of a commercially available resin caries-infiltrant into natural WSL occurring in deciduous tooth enamel. Materials and Methods Deciduous molars with natural WSL on any smooth surface were selected and sectioned into halves to yield equal control and experimental groups. Therefore, 25 samples in the control group were untreated whereas 25 samples in the experimental group were treated with caries-infiltrant according to the manufacturer's instructions. Samples were then evaluated under cross-polarized light microscope. Lesion Depth (LD) and Penetration Depth (PD) of the caries-infiltrant were measured quantitatively and descriptive statistics were calculated. Results Mean LD (standard deviation) for all samples (n=50) was 367(±182) μm. Caries-infiltrant demonstrated varying depths of resin penetration into the natural white spot lesions of deciduous molars. Mean PD (standard deviation) was 352 (± 141) μm. Conclusion Resin-infiltrants can deeply and predictably penetrate enamel porosities in natural WSL in deciduous molars and impede lesion progression and prevent cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Francis Swamy
- Lecturer, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - Elaine Savia Barretto
- Lecturer, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - Shanthala B Mallikarjun
- Professor and Head, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Sapna Sada Raut Dessai
- Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
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Aziznezhad M, Alaghemand H, Shahande Z, Pasdar N, Bijani A, Eslami A, Dastan Z. Comparison of the effect of resin infiltrant, fluoride varnish, and nano-hydroxy apatite paste on surface hardness and streptococcus mutans adhesion to artificial enamel lesions. Electron Physician 2017; 9:3934-3942. [PMID: 28461867 PMCID: PMC5407225 DOI: 10.19082/3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental caries is a major public health problem, and Streptococcus mutans is considered the main causal agent of dental caries. This study aimed to compare the effect of three re-mineralizing materials: resin infiltrant, fluoride varnish, and nano-hydroxy apatite paste on the surface hardness and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans as noninvasive treatments for initial enamel lesions. Methods This experimental study was conducted from December 2015 through March 2016 in Babol, Iran. Artificial enamel lesions were created on 60 enamel surfaces, which were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B (30 subjects per group). Group A was divided into three subgroups (10 samples in each subgroup), including fluoride varnish group, nano-hydroxy apatite paste group (Nano P paste), and resin infiltrant group (Icon-resin). In Group A, the surface hardness of each sample was measured in three stages: First, on an intact enamel (baseline); second, after creating artificial enamel lesions; third, after application of re-mineralizing materials. In Group B, the samples were divided into five subgroups, including intact enamel, demineralized enamel, demineralized enamel treated with fluoride varnish, Nano P paste, and Icon-resin. In Group B, standard Streptococcus mutans bacteria adhesion (PTCC 1683) was examined and reported in terms of colony forming units (CFU/ml). Then, data were analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and post hoc tests. Results In Group A, after treatment with re-mineralizing materials, the Icon-resin group had the highest surface hardness among the studied groups, then the Nano P paste group and fluoride varnish group, respectively (p = 0.035). In Group B, in terms of bacterial adhesion, fluoride varnish group had zero bacterial adhesion level, and then the Nano P paste group, Icon-resin group, intact enamel group, and the de-mineralized enamel group showed bacterial adhesion increasing in order (p < 0.001). Conclusion According to the study among the examined materials, the resin infiltrant increased the tooth surface hardness as the intact enamel and fluoride varnish had the highest reduction level for bacterial adhesion. Nano P paste had an effect between the two materials, both in increasing surface hardness and reducing bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdiye Aziznezhad
- Postgraduate Student, Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Homayoon Alaghemand
- Associate Professor, Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra Shahande
- Academic Member of Laboratorial Sciences Department, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nilgoon Pasdar
- Assistant Professor, Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Pedodontics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Bijani
- Social determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Eslami
- MD, Specialist of Infectious Disease, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zohre Dastan
- MSc, Biochemistry Department, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Arnold WH, Meyer AK, Naumova EA. Surface Roughness of Initial Enamel Caries Lesions in Human Teeth After Resin Infiltration. Open Dent J 2016; 10:505-515. [PMID: 27733877 PMCID: PMC5040761 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low viscosity resin infiltration of initial caries lesions is a modern microinvasive method to treat initial cries lesions. However, only scarce information is available about the long-term surface alterations of infiltrated lesions. METHODS Twenty-eight premolar teeth exhibiting non-cavitated initial caries lesions (International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS code 1&2)) were divided into two groups, one of which was infiltrated with resin, and the other remained untreated. The teeth underwent two thermocycling procedures. The surface roughness was determined quantitatively, and the results were evaluated statistically. In addition, the surfaces of the lesions were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the surface was analyzed visually with respect to surface irregularities. RESULTS The results showed a reduction in the surface roughness that was significant after 2500 thermocycles compared to the untreated surface. In the control specimens, no change in the surface roughness was found. The qualitative SEM data also showed a smooth surface after thermocycling, which supported the statistical findings. CONCLUSION After thermocycling, resin-infiltrated enamel surfaces become smoother and had no additional risk for plaque accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Arnold
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University (UW/H), Witten, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Meyer
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University (UW/H), Witten, Germany
| | - Ella A Naumova
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University (UW/H), Witten, Germany
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Tereza GPG, de Oliveira GC, de Andrade Moreira Machado MA, de Oliveira TM, da Silva TC, Rios D. Influence of removing excess of resin-based materials applied to eroded enamel on the resistance to erosive challenge. J Dent 2016; 47:49-54. [PMID: 26875612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of removing excess of resin-based materials applied to eroded enamel, subjected to erosive challenge. METHODS Bovine enamel blocks were immersed in HCl 0.01M, pH 2.3, for 30s under agitation at 50 rpm in room temperature, in order to form a softened erosion lesion. The blocks were then randomly divided into eight groups (n=12) and treated as follows: Cn- and Ce-control without treatment, Hn- and He-fissure resin sealant (Helioseal Clear(®)), An- and Ae-self-etch adhesive (Adhese(®)), In- and Ie-infiltrant (Icon(®)); being n-with excess removal and e-without excess removal of the material. After application of the materials, the blocks were immersed in HCl for 2 min, followed by immersion in artificial saliva for 120 min. This cycle was repeated four times a day for five days. Material thickness and enamel wear were assessed using profilometry. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (P<0.05). RESULTS Groups He, Ae, and Ie resulted in the formation of a layer of material over enamel, being similar effective in inhibiting erosion progression (P>0.05). Groups Hn, An, and In (with excess removal) were similar to controls (Cn, Ce) and resulted in near enamel loss after application and after erosive challenge (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Resin-based materials are able to protect enamel against erosion only when they are present over enamel, as a physical barrier. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The resin-based materials demonstrated potential to prevent the progression of erosion lesions when the material remains on the dental surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guida Paola Genovez Tereza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Cristina de Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Marchine de Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo Bauru, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cruvinel da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo Bauru, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo Bauru, Brazil.
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Arnold WH, Haddad B, Schaper K, Hagemann K, Lippold C, Danesh G. Enamel surface alterations after repeated conditioning with HCl. Head Face Med 2015; 11:32. [PMID: 26407628 PMCID: PMC4582937 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-015-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of etching time with 15 % hydrochloric acid (HCl) on the enamel surface destruction by studying the resulting roughness and erosion depth. Methods The vestibular surfaces of 12 extracted, caries free human incisors were divided into four quadrants, and each quadrant was etched with 15 % HCl for different numbers of etching cycles (1×2, 2×2, 3×2 and 4×2 min). Surface roughness and erosion depth were measured quantitatively with optical profilometry, and the surface morphology was imaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results After two minutes of 15 % HCl application a median enamel substance loss of 34.02 μm was observed. Lengthening of etching time (2×2, 3×2 and 4×2 min) resulted in significantly increase in erosion depth to each additionally, between 13.28 -15.16 μm (p < 0.05) ending up in a total median enamel surface loss of 77 μm. Regarding surface roughness no significant (p > 0.05) difference was found between unetched enamel and the etched enamel surfaces. Conclusion Repeated 15 % HCl conditioning of the enamel surface increases the depth of the etched surface erosion. However, the total erosion depth is rather shallow and therefore negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Arnold
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, Faculty of Health, School of Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - B Haddad
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Health, School of Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - K Schaper
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - K Hagemann
- Private Praxis for Orthodontics, Essen, Germany.
| | - C Lippold
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Gh Danesh
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Health, School of Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
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Setting characteristics of a resin infiltration system for incipient caries treatment. J Dent 2015; 43:715-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Oliveira GC, Boteon AP, Ionta FQ, Moretto MJ, Honório HM, Wang L, Rios D. In Vitro Effects of Resin Infiltration on Enamel Erosion Inhibition. Oper Dent 2015; 40:492-502. [PMID: 25587972 DOI: 10.2341/14-162-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Resin-based materials that show promising effects for preventing the progression of erosion have been studied. This in vitro study evaluated the effects of applying resin-based materials, including resin infiltration, on previously eroded enamel subjected to erosive challenges. The influence of enamel surface etching prior to application of the material was also studied. Bovine enamel blocks were immersed in hydrochloric acid (HCl), 0.01 M (pH 2.3), for 30 seconds in order to form a softened erosion lesion. The blocks were then randomly divided into nine groups (n=12) and treated as follows: C = control without treatment; Hel = pit & fissure resin sealant (Helioseal Clear); Adh = two-step self-etching adhesive system (AdheSe); Tet = two-step conventional adhesive system (Tetric N-bond); and Inf = infiltrant (Icon). The Helno, Adhno, Tetno, and Infno groups received the same materials without (or with no) surface conditioning. The depth of the material's penetration into softened erosion lesions was qualitatively analyzed using reflection and fluorescence confocal microscopy. After application of the materials, the blocks were immersed in HCl for two minutes; this step was followed by immersion in artificial saliva for 120 minutes four times a day for five days (erosive cycling). Both the enamel alteration and material thickness were analyzed using profilometry, and the results were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p>0.05). Images from the confocal microscopy showed minimal penetration of Adh/Adhno and deep penetration of Inf/Infno into the erosive lesions. The groups Hel, Adh, Inf, Tetno, and Infno resulted in the formation of a layer of material over the enamel, which was effective in inhibiting the progression of erosion. In conclusion, the infiltrant, with or without etching, was able to penetrate and protect the enamel against dental erosion. The other resin-based materials, except for the two-step conventional adhesive, were able to penetrate and inhibit the progression of erosive lesions only when they were applied after enamel etching.
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Doméjean S, Ducamp R, Léger S, Holmgren C. Resin infiltration of non-cavitated caries lesions: a systematic review. Med Princ Pract 2015; 24:216-21. [PMID: 25661012 PMCID: PMC5588225 DOI: 10.1159/000371709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the in vivo scientific evidence of the ability of resin infiltration (RI) to arrest non-cavitated caries lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed database was searched for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the in vivo effect of RI versus placebo or other preventive treatment on the progression of caries lesions. The keywords used were 'resin infiltration, dental caries', 'resin infiltration, carious lesions', 'resin infiltration, caries lesions', 'caries infiltration' and 'Icon DMG' with the 'clinical trial' filter activated. Among the 14 articles originally identified with these keywords, only 4 (related to 3 different in vivo studies) were included for this review. RESULTS All 4 articles reported on proximal caries lesions. One study had been conducted on 48 high-caries-risk children while the other 3 (n = 22, 22 and 39, respectively) concerned moderate- and low-caries-risk adolescents and adults. The quality of the studies was assessed to be high with respect to randomization, split-mouth design and blinding. All the included studies showed significant differences in caries progression between test and control/placebo groups, indicating that RI may inhibit the carious process. CONCLUSION This systematic review revealed that RI appeared to be an effective method to arrest the progression of non-cavitated caries lesions. Additional, long-term studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Doméjean
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique EA 4847, Montrouge, France
- Service d'Odontologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Montrouge, France
- UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Clermont 1, Clermont-Ferrand, Montrouge, France
- *Prof. Sophie Doméjean, UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Clermont 1, 2 rue de Braga, FR-63100 Clermont-Ferrand (France), E-Mail
| | - Raphaël Ducamp
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique EA 4847, Montrouge, France
- Service d'Odontologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Montrouge, France
- UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Clermont 1, Clermont-Ferrand, Montrouge, France
| | - Stéphanie Léger
- Département de Mathématiques, University Blaise Pascal, Aubière, France
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Mews L, Kern M, Ciesielski R, Fischer-Brandies H, Koos B. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel after application of a caries infiltrant. Angle Orthod 2014; 85:645-50. [PMID: 25157972 DOI: 10.2319/013014-82.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets on differently mineralized enamel surfaces after applying a caries infiltrant or conventional adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 320 bovine incisors were assigned to eight pretreated groups, and the shear force required for debonding was recorded. Residual adhesive was evaluated by light microscopy using the adhesive remnant index. Statistical analysis included Kolmogorov-Smirnov, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Scheffé tests. RESULTS The highest bond strength (18.8 ± 4.4 MPa) was obtained after use of the caries infiltrant. More residual adhesive and fewer enamel defects were observed on infiltrated enamel surfaces. Brackets on demineralized enamel produced multiple enamel defects. CONCLUSIONS Acceptable bond strengths were obtained with all material combinations. A caries-infiltrant applied before bracket fixation has a protective effect, especially on demineralized enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mews
- a Postdoctoral student, Department of Orthodontics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Kern
- b Professor and Chair, Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Ciesielski
- c Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helge Fischer-Brandies
- d Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernd Koos
- e Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Yim HK, Kwon HK, Kim BI. Modification of surface pre-treatment for resin infiltration to mask natural white spot lesions. J Dent 2014; 42:588-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Subramaniam P, Girish Babu KL, Lakhotia D. Evaluation of penetration depth of a commercially available resin infiltrate into artificially created enamel lesions: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2014; 17:146-9. [PMID: 24778511 PMCID: PMC4001271 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.128054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early enamel lesions have a potential to re-mineralize and prevent caries progress. Aim: The aim of the following study is to determine the depth of penetration of low viscosity resin into artificially created enamel lesions. Materials and Methods: A sample of 20 sound premolars, indicated for orthodontic extraction, formed the study group. The teeth were coated with a nail varnish, leaving a window of 4 mm × 4 mm, on buccal surfaces of sound, intact enamel. Each tooth was subsequently immersed in demineralizing solution for 4 days to produce artificial enamel lesions. The demineralized area was then infiltrated with low viscosity resin (Icon Infiltrant, DMG, Hamburg, Germany) as per the manufacturer's instructions. All the restored teeth were then immersed in methylene blue dye for 24 h at 37°C. Teeth were then sectioned longitudinally through the lesion into two halves. The sections were observed under stereomicroscope at ×80 magnification and depth of penetration of the material was measured quantitatively using Motic software. Results: The maximum depth of penetration of the resin material was 6.06 ± 3.31 μm. Conclusions: Resin infiltration technique appears to be effective in sealing enamel lesions and has great potential for arresting white spot lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Subramaniam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K L Girish Babu
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Disha Lakhotia
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Arnold WH, Bachstaedter L, Benz K, Naumova EA. Resin infiltration into differentially extended experimental carious lesions. Open Dent J 2014; 8:251-6. [PMID: 26019729 PMCID: PMC4442406 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601408010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin infiltration of initial caries lesions is a novel method of caries therapy. However, it has some limitations. Therefore, further experimental studies are needed to improve resin infiltration. It was the aim of this investigation to study resin infiltra-tion into different experimental carious lesions. Caries-free extracted human molars and premolars were demineralized for 3, 6, 9 and 12 days and infiltrated with resin. Prior to infiltration, the teeth were incubated with sodium fluorescein. After em-bedding, serial sections were cut through the experimental lesions, and the penetration of the resin was measured with fluo-rescence microscopy. Two infiltrated teeth from each time interval were not embedded and cut. Infiltration of the resin was then studied with EDS element analysis. The results showed that with increasing demineralization time, the lesion expansion was also increasing, and the resin infiltration was always almost complete. From these results it can be concluded that artifi-cial standardized caries-like lesions are suitable for experimental studies of resin infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Arnold
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred Herrhausenstrasse 44, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Lena Bachstaedter
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred Herrhausenstrasse 44, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Korbinian Benz
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
| | - Ella A Naumova
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred Herrhausenstrasse 44, 58455 Witten, Germany
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Paris S, Schwendicke F, Seddig S, Müller WD, Dörfer C, Meyer-Lueckel H. Micro-hardness and mineral loss of enamel lesions after infiltration with various resins: influence of infiltrant composition and application frequency in vitro. J Dent 2013; 41:543-8. [PMID: 23571098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of infiltrant composition and application frequency on micro-hardness and lesion progression after resin infiltration of artificial enamel lesions. METHODS In each of 100 bovine enamel samples, three artificial caries lesions were created (pH=4.95, 50 days). After etching two of the lesions (37% phosphoric acid) specimens were randomly allocated to five infiltrants (four experimental infiltrants with different monomer and solvent compositions and penetration coefficients, and one commercial infiltrant [Icon, DMG]). Lesions were then infiltrated and light-cured, and infiltration repeated afterwards for one of the lesions. Infiltrated samples were cut into halves, with one half being demineralised for further 50 days. Micro-hardness (VHN) and integrated mineral loss (ΔZ) were evaluated at baseline and after second demineralisation. Repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests were used to analyse influence of material composition and application frequency on micro-hardness and lesion progression (integrated mineral loss difference ΔΔZ). RESULTS Resin infiltration significantly increased micro-hardness and reduced lesion progression compared to untreated artificial lesions (p<0.05, t-test). Neither micro-hardness nor lesion progression were significantly influenced by material composition (p>0.05, ANOVA). In contrast, twice application resulted in significantly increased micro-hardness and demineralisation resistance of infiltrated lesions (p<0.05, ANOVA). CONCLUSION Resin infiltration significantly improves micro-hardness and demineralisation resistance of enamel lesions; these effects are significantly enhanced if resins are applied twice. Experimental resins did not outperform the commercial infiltrant. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This in vitro study demonstrated that resin infiltration significantly increases both micro-hardness and demineralisation resistance of enamel caries lesions. Twice application of the infiltrant seems to increase these effects. In contrast, the composition of the infiltrant had no significant influence on investigated parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paris
- Department for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
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Minimal intervention dentistry: part 6. Caries inhibition by resin infiltration. Br Dent J 2013; 214:53-9. [PMID: 23348449 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Resin infiltration has made possible an innovative way of treating initial carious lesions that fits perfectly with the concept of minimal intervention dentistry. Infiltration of carious lesions represents a new approach to the treatment of non-cavitated lesions of proximal and smooth surfaces of deciduous and permanent teeth. The major advantage of this method is that it is a non-invasive treatment, preserving tooth structure and that it can be achieved in a single visit. While this therapy can rightly be categorised as minimum intervention dentistry, clinical experience is limited and further controlled clinical trials are required to assess its long-term results. The inhibition of caries progression by resin infiltration should now be considered an alternative to invasive restorations, but involves early detection of lesions and does not allow for appropriate monitoring of the caries risk.
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Paris S, Soviero VM, Seddig S, Meyer-Lueckel H. Penetration depths of an infiltrant into proximal caries lesions in primary molars after different application times in vitro. Int J Paediatr Dent 2012; 22:349-55. [PMID: 22151642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2011.01204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries infiltration aims to inhibit lesion progression, by occluding the porosities within the lesion body with low-viscosity resins. The ability in hampering lesion progression is correlated with the penetration depth (PD) of the infiltrant. AIM This study aimed to compare the infiltration depths into proximal lesions in primary molars after different application times. DESIGN Noncavitated natural caries lesions (n = 83) were etched with 15% HCl for 2 min and infiltrated for 0.5, 1, 3, or 5 min. Specimens were sectioned and PD at the maximum lesion depth (LD(max)) were analysed using dual fluorescence confocal microscopy. RESULTS Percentage penetrations (PD/LD(max)) were significantly higher after 3 or 5 min compared with 0.5-min application (P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney test). For LD(max) <400 μm, no significant differences were observed between application times (P > 0.05). For LD(max) ≥400 μm, 3- and 5-min application resulted in significantly deeper infiltration compared with 0.5 min (P < 0.05). After 1-min application, PD was significantly lower than 5 min (P < 0.05), PD/LD(max) did not differ from all other groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Natural noncavitated proximal lesions in primary molars were deeply infiltrated after 1-min application in vitro. For deeper lesions, however, more consistent results were obtained after 3 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Paris
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Nanostructural effect of acid-etching and fluoride application on human primary and permanent tooth enamels. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Attin R, Stawarczyk B, Keçik D, Knösel M, Wiechmann D, Attin T. Shear bond strength of brackets to demineralize enamel after different pretreatment methods. Angle Orthod 2012; 82:56-61. [PMID: 21793714 PMCID: PMC8881030 DOI: 10.2319/012311-48.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the influence of demineralized and variously pretreated demineralized enamel on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty bovine enamel specimens were allocated to five groups (n = 12). Specimens of group 1 were not demineralized and were not pretreated, but served as controls. The other specimens were demineralized to form artificial carious lesions. Samples from group 2 were only demineralized and were kept untreated in artificial saliva. The other samples were pretreated with highly concentrated fluoride preparations (group 3: Elmex Gelee, 1.23% F; group 4: Clinpro White Varnish, 2.23% F) or with an infiltrating resin (group 5: Icon). After respective pretreatments, brackets were adhesively fixed on all specimens with an adhesive system after etching with 35% phosphoric acid and application of a primer and bracket resin cement (Transbond XT). Bracket shear bond strength was evaluated with a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by a post-hoc Scheffé test. RESULTS Shear bond strength in control group 1 was statistically significantly greater compared with that in all other groups. Application of the infiltrating resin Icon (group 5) as pretreatment resulted in statistically significantly greater bond strength as compared with pretreatments with fluoride compounds (groups 3 and 4) and treatment provided without pretreatment (group 2). Groups 2, 3, and 4 did not significantly differ from each other. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with the infiltrating resin is a beneficial approach to increasing the shear bond strength of brackets to demineralized enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengin Attin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, Cariology, Plattenstr 11,Zurich, 8032, Switzerland.
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Arnold WH, Gaengler P. Light- and electronmicroscopic study of infiltration of resin into initial caries lesions--a new methodological approach. J Microsc 2011; 245:26-33. [PMID: 21919904 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2011.03540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It was the purpose of this pilot study to investigate resin infiltration into various types of initial subsurface caries lesions using a combined microscopic technique with polarized light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy and subsequent scanning microscopy with EDX-element analysis. Six extracted premolars with initial caries lesions were used. Five were infiltrated with resin after imbibition of the subsurface carious pore volume of enamel with sodium fluorescein solution. After light curing the unbound dye was removed by washing out in water. Serial sections were cut through the lesions and investigated with polarized light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and simultaneously with both microscopic techniques. The same sections were then studied with scanning electron microscopy and EDX-element analysis to prove the infiltration of the resin into the lesions. The results showed, that the combination technique adds further morphologic information to infiltration behaviour of the resin. The individual volume of early acute lesions versus chronic lesions involving dentin, and the fluorescein bound by resin was well documented in serial sections. The EDX calcium and phosphorus signals correlate negatively with the lesion extension, and the carbon signal correlates positively, thus labelling the resin infiltration. It could be demonstrated that resin infiltration is dependent from the pore volume of the lesion. It can be concluded that the combined polarized light microscopy with fluorescence microscopy is an advantageous tool for studying infiltration of resin into hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Arnold
- Faculty of Health, School of Dentistry, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Gemany.
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Wiegand A, Stawarczyk B, Kolakovic M, Hämmerle C, Attin T, Schmidlin P. Adhesive performance of a caries infiltrant on sound and demineralised enamel. J Dent 2011; 39:117-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Paris S, Meyer-Lueckel H. Infiltrants inhibit progression of natural caries lesions in vitro. J Dent Res 2010; 89:1276-80. [PMID: 20739697 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510376040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To define the optimized material properties of caries-infiltrating resins (infiltrants), we evaluated the effects of infiltrant composition and penetration coefficient (PC) on the inhibition of the progression of natural approximal caries lesions in vitro. Non-cavitated natural enamel lesions were etched (15% HCl gel) and infiltrated for 5 min with experimental resins varying in PC (cm/sec): PC63, PC185, PC204, and PC391. As a positive control (PosC), lesions were covered with flowable composite resin, whereas untreated lesions served as negative controls (NegC). Specimens were exposed to a demineralizing solution (pH 4.95) for 400 days. Progression of mineral loss was analyzed by transverse wavelength-independent microradiography. Percentage progressions of NegC [median (25th/75th percentile), 24 (10/56)], PC63 [9 (3/39)], and PC185 [12 (9/24)] were significantly higher compared with those of PosC [1 (-8/8)], PC204 [-2 (-4/2)], and PC391 [0 (-5/9)] (p < 0.05). Thus, infiltrants with PC > 200 cm/sec are capable of inhibiting lesion progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paris
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 26, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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