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Dumitrel SI, Matichescu A, Dinu S, Buzatu R, Popovici R, Dinu DC, Bratu DC. New Insights Regarding the Use of Relevant Synthetic Compounds in Dentistry. Molecules 2024; 29:3802. [PMID: 39202881 PMCID: PMC11357206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, synthetic compounds are used for both in-office and at-home dental care. They are a valuable resource for both prophylactic and curative treatments for various dental problems, such as tooth decay, periodontal diseases, and many more. They are typically preferred due to their broad range of actions and ability to produce targeted, rapid, and long-lasting effects. Using a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash is capable of reducing the plaque index from 47.69% to 2.37% and the bleeding index from 32.93% to 6.28% after just 2 weeks. Mouthwash with 0.1% OCT is also highly effective, as it significantly lowered the median plaque index and salivary bacterial counts in 152 patients in 5 days compared to a control group (p < 0.0001), while also reducing the gingival index (p < 0.001). When povidone-iodine was used as an irrigant during the surgical removal of mandibular third molars in 105 patients, it resulted in notably lower pain scores after 2 days compared to a control group (4.57 ± 0.60 vs. 5.71 ± 0.45). Sodium hypochlorite is excellent for root canal disinfection, as irrigating with 1% NaOCl completely eliminated the bacteria from canals in 65% patients. A 0.05% CPC mouthwash proved effective for perioperative patient care, significantly decreasing gingival bleeding (p < 0.001) and suppressing Streptococcus levels even one week post-surgery. Lastly, a 6% H2O2 paint-on varnish and 6% H2O2 tray formulations successfully bleached the teeth of 40 patients, maintaining a noticeably whiter appearance up to the 6-month follow-up, with significant color differences from the baseline (p < 0.005). Synthetic compounds have a large research base, which also provides a greater awareness of their mechanism of action and potential adverse effects. For a better understanding of how they work, several methods and assays are performed. These are protocolary techniques through which a compound's efficacy and toxicity are established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania-Irina Dumitrel
- Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Anamaria Matichescu
- Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefania Dinu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei 1989 Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Pediatric Dentistry Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei 1989 Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Buzatu
- Department of Dental Aesthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei 1989 Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ramona Popovici
- Department of Management, Legislation and Communication in Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9 No., Revolutiei 1989 Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Dorin Cristian Dinu
- Family Dental Clinic, Private Practice, 24 Budapesta Street, 307160 Dumbravita, Romania;
| | - Dana Cristina Bratu
- Department of Orthodontics II, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 9 No., Revolutiei 1989 Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Pournaghiazar F, Kimyai S, Motiei M. Effects of Different Light-Assisted Power Bleaching Techniques on the Penetration of Hydrogen Peroxide into the Pulp Chamber. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:583-589. [PMID: 37768829 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In-office bleaching is one of the most commonly used procedures for discolored tooth treatment. Although the efficacy of tooth bleaching has been investigated, depending on the applied technique and the used materials, bleaching procedures might irritate the tooth pulp and induce surface changes in enamel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four different bleaching techniques on the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) into the pulp chamber. Materials and methods: Seventy-two single-rooted sound human teeth were used. The samples were prepared and evaluated in four groups. Group 1: 35% HP gel alone (HP Gel); group 2: Nd:YAG laser (0.25 W and 10 Hz with a fiber tip size of 200 μm) irradiation was added (HP Gel+laser); group 3: HP gel mixed with graphite particles (10th of millimeter in size) derived from crashed pencil lead in association with Nd:YAG laser (HP Gel+laser+graphite); and group 4: HP gel in association with light-emitting diode (LED) (litex 686, 50 Hz, 450-490 nm) (HP Gel+LED). The amount of HP penetrating into the pulp chamber was evaluated using acetate buffer and standard graphs. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA test, using SPSS 17. Post hoc Tukey test was used for between-group comparisons (α = 0.05). Results: Statistical analyses showed that the HP Gel+laser+graphite group had significantly higher level of HP penetration than other groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, pulp chamber penetration of HP in the HP Gel+laser group was greater than the LED and control groups (p < 0.001). The difference between control and LED groups was not significant (p = 0.99). Conclusions: Laser bleaching associated with HP Gel and graphite particles resulted in increased penetration of HP into the pulp chamber compared with the LED and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soodabeh Kimyai
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Motiei
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Álvarez-Quiceno D, Rojas-Martínez PA, Cruz-González AC. Change of dental color and temperature through two bleaching agents boosted with light emitted by diodes. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:1010-1016. [PMID: 34092026 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of light sources during the application of bleaching can reduce the time and improve the results, but at the same time this can increase the dental temperature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two bleaching agents and the increase in dental temperature with the use of light emitted by diodes (LED)-unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty third molars were obtained and randomized: the whiteness without lamp (WHN) and Pola office without lamp (PON) groups, two bleaching systems based on 35% hydrogen peroxide were used, according to manufacturer specifications. For the whiteness with lamp (WHL) and Pola office with lamp (POL) groups the same bleaching agents were light boosted. A spectrophotometer and ∆WID equation was used to record and analyzed teeth color. An infrared thermometer was used to record the external and internal temperature. A ∆T was obtained by the difference of the temperature of the groups with and without LED (WHN-WHL and PON-POL). For statistical analysis Kruskal-Wallis test and Anova test were performed. RESULTS The WHN, PON, WHL, and POL groups reported ∆WID values of 4.88 ± 1.08, 9.26 ± 3.27, 5.70 ± 2.48, 12.08 ± 5.44, respectively. The dates of internal temperature were 1.01 and 1.07°C, and for external temperature were 1.61 and 1.15°C respectively. CONCLUSIONS With the limitations of this study, both bleaching agents reported a significant increase in ∆WID with and without association of light. Significant temperature increases were also observed. The highest average temperature increase was approximately 1.61°C. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bleaching agents boosted with LED may improve the results of bleaching, but it is not essential to obtain good results.
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Surmelioglu D, Yalcin ED, Orhan K. Analysis of enamel structure and mineral density after different bleaching protocols using micro-computed tomography. Acta Odontol Scand 2020; 78:618-625. [PMID: 32809912 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1807047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of three different bleaching applications on structural integrity, mineral volume (MV) and density of the enamel by using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and evaluate the colour effectiveness using CIEDE2000. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four maxillary premolar teeth were divided into three groups (n = 8) (group 1: 40% HP gel with erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser activation; group 2: 40% HP gel with diode laser activation; group 3: 16% CP gel). Bleaching protocols were applied and colour alteration was obtained. Data were calculated with CIEDE2000 before and after bleaching. A Micro-CT was used to scan the specimens before and after the bleaching application. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. RESULTS No significant difference was observed between the groups for colour changes (p > .05). Micro-CT analysis showed significant differences in structural thickness, structural separation, mineral density and MV for the different ROIs before and after bleaching for all groups (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS All of the bleaching methods represented similar efficiency. However, bleaching with Er,Cr:YSGG laser was less harmful to enamel in comparison with other bleaching methods. The present results may be useful for establishing a numerical standard for the change in bleaching with laser systems in dental hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Surmelioglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Eda Didem Yalcin
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Alkahtani R, Stone S, German M, Waterhouse P. A review on dental whitening. J Dent 2020; 100:103423. [PMID: 32615235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a narrative review on vital dental whitening chemistry, toxicity and safety, vital dental whitening techniques, whitening systems, potential side effects of whitening and cyclic whitening using products with a range of concentrations and pH values. In addition, new developments and recommendations in the field of vital dental whitening will be presented to help clinicians understand the whitening process, its advantages, limitations, and the impact of whitening concentration and pH on enamel providing guidance in tailoring whitening treatments. DATA Data were gathered using the following keywords: dental whitening, roughness, hardness, sensitivity, hydrogen peroxide, whitening pH, whitening concentration, whitening chemistry, colour, and toxicity. SOURCES An electronic search was performed using PubMed and Scopus databases. Bibliographic material from papers reviewed was then used to find other relevant publications. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of vital dental whitening depends on many factors, such as the concentration/pH of the whitening agent, application duration, chemical additives, and re-mineralising agents used. Developing new whitening products and technologies such as nano-additives and alternative carrier systems is showing promising results, and might prove efficient in maximising whitening benefits by accelerating the whitening reaction and/or minimising expected reversible/irreversible enamel structural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Alkahtani
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Stone
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew German
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Waterhouse
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
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Cytotoxic Effects of Zoom ® Whitening Product in Human Fibroblasts. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071491. [PMID: 32218276 PMCID: PMC7177679 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tooth whitening procedures are increasing; however, side effects can occur, such as damage to pulp cells, by the whitening products. This study aims to assess the cellular effects promoted by a whitening product, namely, the oxidative stress fostered by the active agent hydrogen peroxide, with and without photoactivation. Additionally, if cellular recovery occurred, we intended to determine the time point where cells recover from the tooth whitening induced damage. Human fibroblasts were exposed to hydrogen peroxide, Zoom®, Zoom® + irradiation, and irradiation alone. The following analysis was performed: metabolic activity evaluation by the MTT assay; cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, peroxides production, superoxide radical production, and reduced glutathione expression by flow cytometry. We determined the IC50 value for all groups, and a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect was verified. At the times analyzed, hydrogen peroxide groups showed no metabolic activity recovery while a cell recovery was observed after 24 h (Zoom®) and 48 h (Zoom® + irradiation). Cell death was seen in hydrogen peroxide and Zoom® + irradiation groups, mainly by apoptosis, and the irradiation had a cytotoxic effect per se. This in vitro study supports that whitening products with moderate hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentration have a temporary effect on cells, allowing a cellular recovery.
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Kury M, Perches C, Silva DP, André CB, Tabchoury CPM, Giannini M, Cavalli V. Color change, diffusion of hydrogen peroxide, and enamel morphology after in‐office bleaching with violet light or nonthermal atmospheric plasma: An in vitro study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 32:102-112. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Kury
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carolina Perches
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daylana P. Silva
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carolina B. André
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Restorative DentistryFederal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Cínthia P. M. Tabchoury
- Department of Physiological SciencesPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
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Gallinari MO, Fagundes TC, da Silva LM, de Almeida Souza MB, Barboza ACS, Briso ALF. A New Approach for Dental Bleaching Using Violet Light With or Without the Use of Whitening Gel: Study of Bleaching Effectiveness. Oper Dent 2019; 44:521-529. [DOI: 10.2341/17-257-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of violet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in dental bleaching treatment when used in conjunction with bleaching gels containing different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP). Here, 90 bovine teeth (n=15) were randomly assigned to the following groups: GI, placebo without light; GII, 35% HP without light; GIII, 17.5% HP without light; GIV, placebo with violet LED; GV, 35% HP with violet LED; and GVI, 17.5% HP with violet LEDs. Three bleaching sessions of 45 minutes were conducted; 21 cycles involving one minute of irradiation by violet LEDs with 30-second intervals were performed during each session of bleaching (GIV, GV, and GVI). Color changes (ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb) were analyzed using a visible ultraviolet light spectrophotometer 7 days after each bleaching session. The mean ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb values were compared between groups by analysis of variance and Tukey tests, with a significance level of 5%. The groups treated with 35% HP had higher ΔE and ΔL and lower Δb values, regardless of whether violet light was used. The group that received only violet LED differed from the control group in terms of ΔE, and the group treated with 17.5% HP and violet LED presented higher ΔE values than the group treated with 17.5% HP only. Thus, violet light did not influence bleaching efficacy when using 35% HP, but when used in conjunction with 17.5% HP, it increased the bleaching efficacy. Moreover, use of the violet LED only also prompted a bleaching effect, although it was less marked.
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Affiliation(s)
- MO Gallinari
- Marjorie de Oliveira Gallinari, DDS, MS, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - TC Fagundes
- Ticiane Cestari Fagundes, associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - LM da Silva
- Livia Maria Alves Valentim da Silva, DDS student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - MB de Almeida Souza
- Morganna Machado Borges de Almeida Souza, DDS, MS student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - ACS Barboza
- Ana Carolina de Souza Barboza, DDS, MS student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - ALF Briso
- André Luiz Fraga Briso, associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Luo K, He J. Minimally invasive approach for improving aesthetic in a patient with tetracycline-stained teeth by bleaching: A clinical evaluation. LAPAROSCOPIC, ENDOSCOPIC AND ROBOTIC SURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lers.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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OKADA M, OTSUKI M, TAGAMI J. Effect of nonthermal atmospheric discharge on stain removal of tooth. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:396-402. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari OKADA
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masayuki OTSUKI
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Junji TAGAMI
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Lee SS, Kwon SR, Ward M, Jenkins W, Souza S, Li Y. A 3 months clinical evaluation comparing two professional bleaching systems of 25% and 40% hydrogen peroxide and extended treatment outcome using a power versus a manual toothbrush. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 31:124-131. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean S. Lee
- Center for Dental ResearchLoma Linda University School of Dentistry Loma Linda California
| | - So Ran Kwon
- Center for Dental ResearchLoma Linda University School of Dentistry Loma Linda California
| | - Marilyn Ward
- Philips Oral Healthcare Bothell Western Australia
| | | | - Sonia Souza
- Portola pharmaceuticals South San Francisco California
| | - Yiming Li
- Center for Dental ResearchLoma Linda University School of Dentistry Loma Linda California
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Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion through Enamel and Dentin. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091694. [PMID: 30213083 PMCID: PMC6165410 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro diffusion of commercial bleaching products (hydrogen peroxide (HP) or carbamide peroxide (CP) based) with different application protocols. Human enamel-dentin discs were obtained and divided into 20 groups. Four commercial products based on HP (Pola Office+(PO), Perfect Bleach (PB), Norblanc Office-automix (NO), and Boost (BT)), and one based on CP (PolaDay CP (PD)), were evaluated with different application protocols (3 applications × 10 min or 1 application × 30 min, with or without light activation). Artificial pulp chambers with 100 µL of a buffer solution were prepared. After each application, the buffer was removed and diffused HP was quantified by fluorimetry. Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. In groups where 3 × 10 min applications were done, after the first 10 min, PB, NO, and PD showed similar diffusion (p < 0.05). After the second and third applications, diffusion proved similar for PO and PD, while PB exhibited the greatest diffusion. In the 30 min application groups, PO and BT showed no significant differences (p > 0.05), with similar results for NO and PD. Comparing products with or without light activation, PO, BT, and PB showed significantly greater diffusion with light activation (p < 0.05). Reapplication, and light activation, increased HP diffusion independently of the concentration of the product.
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Su IH, Lee CF, Su YP, Wang LH. Evaluating a Cobalt-Tetraphenylporphyrin Complex, Functionalized with a Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite, for Improved Tooth Whitening. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2016; 28:321-329. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Su
- Department of Orthodontics; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Pin Su
- Yang-an Dental Clinic; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Lai-Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Chemistry; Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science; 60 Erh-Jen Road, Section 1 Jen Te Tainan 71743 Taiwan
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Park S, Kwon SR, Qian F, Wertz PW. The Effect of Delivery System and Light Activation on Tooth Whitening Efficacy and Hydrogen Peroxide Penetration. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2016; 28:313-320. [PMID: 27513289 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the whitening efficacy of a new two-layer technology in-office system compared to a conventional gel-type system and determine hydrogen peroxide penetration (HPP) into the pulp cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracted molars (n = 60) were assigned to group NC: glycerol gel; group QPRO: 20% HP varnish (Zoom Quick Pro, Philips Oral Healthcare); group ZOOM_NL: 25% HP gel (Zoom Chairside Whitening); and group ZOOM_WL: 25% HP gel (Zoom Chairside Whitening) with light-activation. HPP levels were estimated with leucocrystal-violet and horseradish-peroxidase. Instrumental color measurements were performed at baseline (T0 ), 1-day post first whitening (T1 ), 1-day post second whitening (T2 ), 1-day post third whitening (T3 ), and 1-month post whitening (T4 ). One-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey's HSD test was performed to detect difference in ΔE* and HP penetration levels (α = 0.05). RESULTS ΔE* of NC was lower than other groups, whereas ΔE* of ZOOM_WL was greater than the other three groups, at T3 and T4 . Mean HPP level obtained from ZOOM_WL (1.568 ± 0.753 μg/mL) was significantly greater than those obtained from the other groups, whereas the mean HPP level observed in NC group (-0.131 ± 0.003 μg/mL) was significantly lower than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Tooth whitening efficacy and HPP levels vary based on whitening systems used. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The two-layer technology in-office varnish system may be an alternative whitening option to reduce chair time in the office. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:313-320, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Park
- Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - So Ran Kwon
- Associate Professor, Program Director, Student Research Program, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry Center for Dental Research, 11175 Campus Street CSP A1010C, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA.
| | - Fang Qian
- Associate Research Scientist/Adjunct Assistant Professor, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design and Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Philip W Wertz
- Professor, Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Kwon SR, Kurti SR, Oyoyo U, Li Y. Effect of Light-Activated Tooth Whitening on Color Change Relative to Color of Artificially Stained Teeth. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2016; 27 Suppl 1:S10-7. [PMID: 25913537 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is still controversy as to the efficacy of light activation used in tooth whitening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of light activation on tooth color change relative to the artificial dye color. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracted human third molars (160) were randomly distributed into eight groups of 20 specimens each based on artificial staining and use of light activation. All groups received three 45-minute sessions of in-office whitening at 3-day intervals. Color measurements were performed with an intraoral spectrophotometer at baseline prior to staining (T0), after artificial staining (T1), 1-day--(T2), and 1-week--(T3) post-whitening. Color differences were calculated relative to after artificial staining color parameters (L*1, a*1, b*1) with the use of a software analysis program enabling synchronization of two images. RESULTS Within the same staining groups, the light-activated samples exhibited a greater color change than their nonlight-activated counterparts. However, only in the case of the yellow-stained samples at 1-day post-whitening was there a significant difference between the nonlight-activated and light-activated groups (Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison test for pairwise comparisons, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Light activation is a valid method for enhancing the efficacy of tooth whitening with respect to overall color change and works best with yellow stains. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Light activation is a valid method for enhancing the efficacy of tooth whitening with respect to overall color change and works best with yellow stains.
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Gonçalves RS, Costa CAS, Soares DGS, Santos PHD, Cintra LTA, Briso ALF. Effect of Different Light Sources and Enamel Preconditioning on Color Change, H2O2 Penetration, and Cytotoxicity in Bleached Teeth. Oper Dent 2016; 41:83-92. [DOI: 10.2341/14-364-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
This study evaluated the effects of acid etching of the enamel and the combination of different light sources (halogen light, light-emitting diodes [LEDs], and LED/Laser) and the bleaching product on color change, penetration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and cytotoxicity over time. The color change (ΔE) and the amount of H2O2 that permeated the tooth tissue were analyzed using a spectrophotometer. Cell metabolism and morphology were evaluated using the methylthiazol tetrazolium assay and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The ΔE values and H2O2 permeation were not significantly different under any of the experimental conditions. Tooth whitening significantly reduced cell metabolism, regardless of whether a light source was used. Preconditioning the enamel did not influence the cellular metabolism in any group. In conclusion, combining the bleaching product with different light sources and/or preconditioning the enamel resulted in few significant changes in color, transenamel and transdentinal penetration of H2O2, or cytotoxicity and cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - CAS Costa
- Carlos Alberto De Souza Costa, DDS, MSc, PhD, full professor, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - DGS Soares
- Diana Gabriela Sousa Soares, DDS, MS, PhD student, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - PH dos Santos
- Paulo Henrique dos Santos, DDS, MSc, PhD, associate professor, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - LTA Cintra
- Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra, DDS, MSc, PhD, associate professor, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - ALF Briso
- André Luiz Fraga Briso, DDS, MS, PhD, associate professor, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Karadas M. Efficacy of whitening oral rinses and dentifrices on color stability of bleached teeth. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2015. [PMID: 28642898 PMCID: PMC5433179 DOI: 10.3109/23337931.2015.1039537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of whitening toothpastes and mouthrinses on the color stability of teeth bleached with 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) after immersion in coffee solution. Materials and methods: Specimens obtained from bovine incisors were bleached with 16% CP for 14 days. After bleaching, the specimens were stained in coffee solution for 24 h and randomly divided into eight groups according to the following products (n = 10): distilled water (control group, DW), Scope White mouthrinse (SW), Crest 3D White mouthrinse (CWR), Crest 3D White toothpaste (CWT), Crest 3D White toothpaste and Crest 3D White mouthrinse (CWT + CWR), Listerine Whitening toothpaste (LWT), Listerine Whitening mouthrinse (LWR), and Listerine Whitening mouthrinse and Listerine Whitening toothpaste (LWR + LWT). Color measurements were conducted using a spectrophotometer. The data were assessed by analysis of variance for repeated measures and Tukey’s multiple comparison test (p < 0.05). Results: Immersion in coffee solution after bleaching caused perceptible staining on tooth specimens (ΔE > 3.46). The whitening effect of CWR on teeth stained after bleaching was significantly greater than that in the other groups (p < 0.001). Tooth whitening (ΔE) in each group showed no significant difference from 6 to 12 weeks (p > 0.05). The combination of mouthrinse and toothpaste did not increase the degree of tooth whitening. Conclusion: Whitening mouthrinse and toothpaste had similar effects on the control group in terms of whitening of teeth stained after bleaching. Nevertheless, Crest 3D White mouthrinse produced the greatest recovery whitening effect among all the products tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Karadas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan UniversityRizeTurkey
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de Almeida LCAG, Soares DG, Gallinari MO, de Souza Costa CA, Dos Santos PH, Briso ALF. Color alteration, hydrogen peroxide diffusion, and cytotoxicity caused by in-office bleaching protocols. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:673-80. [PMID: 25035067 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the color alteration, cytotoxicity, and hydrogen peroxide (HP) diffusion associated with different in-office bleaching protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine enamel/dentin disks were subjected to three bleaching sessions with 35 % HP (three 15-min applications), 35 % HP (one 45-min application), or 20 % HP (one 45-min application). The control group was not bleached. Before bleaching, the disks were adapted to artificial pulp chambers positioned in compartments containing 1 ml of acetate buffer or medium, so that the dentin remained in contact with these substances. Immediately after bleaching, the HP that diffused through the disks was stabilized by acetate buffer and was quantified (two-way repeated measures ANOVA/Fisher's protected least significant difference (PLSD) test; α = 5 %). Cells of mouse dental papilla cell-23 (MDPC-23) were incubated in this culture media for 1 h, followed by analysis of cellular metabolism (methyl tetrazolium assay) (one-way ANOVA/Tukey test; α = 5 %) and morphology (scanning electron microscopy). The specimen color alteration (ΔE) was analyzed by reflection spectrophotometry (two-way repeated measures ANOVA/Fisher's PLSD test; α = 5 %). RESULTS All protocols showed equal effectiveness at the end of the treatment. HP diffusion was significantly higher in the groups bleached with 35 % HP. Reapplication of 35 % HP resulted in increased diffusion only in the first session; however, the decrease in cell metabolism was similar for all studied protocols. CONCLUSION Despite greater peroxide diffusion in the groups treated with 35 % HP, all protocols showed the same effectiveness and were cytotoxic to MDPC-23 cells. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bleaching protocols using high HP concentrations should be avoided because they exert aggressive actions on odontoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Cunha Amaral Gonzaga de Almeida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, 11930, Araçatuba, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
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Marson FC, Gonçalves RS, Silva CO, Cintra LTÂ, Pascotto RC, Santos PHD, Briso ALF. Penetration of hydrogen peroxide and degradation rate of different bleaching products. Oper Dent 2014; 40:72-9. [PMID: 24828134 DOI: 10.2341/13-270-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study's aim was to evaluate the degradation rate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and to quantify its penetration in tooth structure, considering the residence time of bleaching products on the dental enamel. For this study, bovine teeth were randomly divided according to the bleaching product received: Opalescence Xtra Boost 38%, White Gold Office 35%, Whiteness HP Blue 35%, Whiteness HP Maxx 35%, and Lase Peroxide Sensy 35%. To analyze the degradation of H2O2, the titration of bleaching agents with potassium permanganate was used, while the penetration of H2O2 was measured via spectrophotometric analysis of the acetate buffer solution, collected from the artificial pulp chamber. The analyses were performed immediately as well as 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes after product application. The data of degradation rate of H2O2 were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests, while ANOVA and Fisher tests were used for the quantification of H2O2, at the 5% level. The results showed that all products significantly reduced the concentration of H2O2 activates at the end of 45 minutes. It was also verified that the penetration of H2O2 was enhanced by increasing the residence time of the product on the tooth surface. It was concluded that the bleaching gels retained substantial concentrations of H2O2 after 45 minutes of application, and penetration of H2O2 in the dental structure is time-dependent.
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