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Lund JL, Cacciatore J, Tylock R, Su IH, Sharma S, Hinton SP, Smith S, Nowels MA, Chen X, Duberstein PR, Hanson LC, Mohile SG. Development and Evaluation of a Multisource Approach to Extend Mortality Follow-Up for Older Adults With Advanced Cancer Enrolled in Randomized Trials. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2024; 8:e2300183. [PMID: 38564692 DOI: 10.1200/cci.23.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mortality data can complement primary end points from cancer clinical trials. Yet, identifying deaths after trial completion is challenging, as timely and comprehensive vital status data are unavailable in the United States. We developed and evaluated a multisource approach to capture death data after clinical trial completion. METHODS Individuals age 70 years and older with incurable solid tumors or lymphoma and ≥1 aging-related condition were enrolled from October 2014 to March 2019 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02107443 and NCT02054741). Participants provided consent to link trial information to external sources. We developed a stepped approach for extended death capture using (1) active trial follow-up up to 1 year, (2) linkage to the National Death Index (NDI), and (3) obituary searches, thus generating a 5-year survival curve. In a random sample of 50 participants who died during trial follow-up, we estimated sensitivity of death data using NDI and obituary sources and computed survival times by data source. RESULTS The two trials enrolled 1,169 participants; mean age was 76 years; 46% were female; and gastrointestinal cancer (30%) and lung cancer (26%) were the most common cancer types. Across data sources, maximum follow-up was >7 years; 5-year survival was 18%. In total, there were 841 deaths: 603 identified during trial follow-up; 199 from the NDI; and 39 from obituary searches. The sensitivity for death capture was 92% for the NDI and 94% for the obituary searches compared with the trial data, and computed survival times were similar across data sources. CONCLUSION Extending clinical trial mortality follow-up through linkage with external data sources was feasible and accurate. Future cancer clinical trials should collect necessary consent and patient identifiers for vital status linkages that can enhance understanding of longer-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Lund
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jenna Cacciatore
- Geriatric Oncology Research Group, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Rachael Tylock
- Geriatric Oncology Research Group, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - I-Hsuan Su
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Saloni Sharma
- Geriatric Oncology Research Group, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Sharon Peacock Hinton
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sabirah Smith
- Geriatric Oncology Research Group, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Molly A Nowels
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Xiaomeng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Paul R Duberstein
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Laura C Hanson
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Supriya G Mohile
- Geriatric Oncology Research Group, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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Henderson LM, Su IH, Rivera MP, Pak J, Chen X, Reuland DS, Lund JL. Prevalence of Lung Cancer Screening in the US, 2022. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e243190. [PMID: 38512257 PMCID: PMC10958241 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study compares lung cancer screening prevalence in 2022 among individuals eligible by 2021 vs 2013 criteria by sociodemographics and state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M. Henderson
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - I-Hsuan Su
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - M. Patricia Rivera
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Joyce Pak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Xiaomeng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Daniel S. Reuland
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jennifer L. Lund
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Su IH, Lund JL, Gaber CE, Sanoff HK, Strassle PD, Duchesneau ED. Regarding "Neoadjuvant Versus Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Resectable Metastatic Colon Cancer in Non-academic and Academic Programs". Oncologist 2023; 28:e588-e589. [PMID: 37210593 PMCID: PMC10322127 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This letter to the editor expresses concerns related to immortal time bias that may partially account for recently published study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Su
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L Lund
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charles E Gaber
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes, and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hanna K Sanoff
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paula D Strassle
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emilie D Duchesneau
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Ross RK, Su IH, Webster-Clark M, Jonsson Funk M. Nondifferential Treatment Misclassification Biases Toward the Null? Not a Safe Bet for Active Comparator Studies. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:1917-1925. [PMID: 35882378 PMCID: PMC10144712 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Active comparator studies are increasingly common, particularly in pharmacoepidemiology. In such studies, the parameter of interest is a contrast (difference or ratio) in the outcome risks between the treatment of interest and the selected active comparator. While it may appear treatment is dichotomous, treatment is actually polytomous as there are at least 3 levels: no treatment, the treatment of interest, and the active comparator. Because misclassification may occur between any of these groups, independent nondifferential treatment misclassification may not be toward the null (as expected with a dichotomous treatment). In this work, we describe bias from independent nondifferential treatment misclassification in active comparator studies with a focus on misclassification that occurs between each active treatment and no treatment. We derive equations for bias in the estimated outcome risks, risk difference, and risk ratio, and we provide bias correction equations that produce unbiased estimates, in expectation. Using data obtained from US insurance claims data, we present a hypothetical comparative safety study of antibiotic treatment to illustrate factors that influence bias and provide an example probabilistic bias analysis using our derived bias correction equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael K Ross
- Correspondence to Rachael Ross, Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC, Campus Box 7435m Chapel Hill, NC 27599-6435 (e-mail: )
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Poteat TC, Adams MA, Malone J, Geffen S, Greene N, Nodzenski M, Lockhart AG, Su IH, Dean LT. Delays in breast cancer care by race and sexual orientation: Results from a national survey with diverse women in the United States. Cancer 2021; 127:3514-3522. [PMID: 34287838 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite known differences in breast cancer by both race and sexual orientation, data on the intersectional experiences of Black sexual minority women (BSMW) along the care continuum are scant. This study sought to understand delays in breast cancer care by examining the intersection of race and sexual orientation. METHODS This online, cross-sectional survey enrolled racially and sexually diverse women aged ≥ 35 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer within the prior 10 years or had an abnormal screening in the prior 24 months. The authors calculated summary statistics by race/sexual orientation categories, and they conducted univariate and multivariable modeling by using multiple imputation for missing data. RESULTS BSMW (n = 101) had the highest prevalence of care delays with 5.17-fold increased odds of a care delay in comparison with White heterosexual women (n = 298) in multivariable models. BSMW reported higher intersectional stigma and lower social support than all other groups. In models adjusted for race, sexual orientation, and income, intersectional stigma was associated with a 2.43-fold increase in care delays, and social support was associated with a 32% decrease in the odds of a care delay. CONCLUSIONS Intersectional stigma may be an important driver of breast cancer inequities for BSMW. Reducing stigma and ensuring access to appropriate social support that addresses known barriers can be an important approach to reducing inequities in the breast cancer care continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia C Poteat
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary Anne Adams
- ZAMI NOBLA: National Organization of Black Lesbians on Aging, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jowanna Malone
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sophia Geffen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Naomi Greene
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Nodzenski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alexandre G Lockhart
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - I-Hsuan Su
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lorraine T Dean
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Arya DP, Said MA, Izurieta HS, Perez-Vilar S, Zinderman C, Wernecke M, Alexander M, White T, Su IH, Lufkin B, MaCurdy T, Kelman J, Forshee R. Surveillance for Guillain-Barré syndrome after 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 influenza vaccination of Medicare beneficiaries. Vaccine 2019; 37:6543-6549. [PMID: 31515146 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a serious acute demyelinating disease, an increased risk of which was found after the 1976 swine flu vaccinations. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, in collaboration with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, has been conducting active surveillance for GBS after influenza vaccinations of Medicare Fee-For-Service beneficiaries since 2009. METHODS We conducted active surveillance for GBS claims in the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 influenza seasons using the Updating Sequential Probability Ratio Test (USPRT) to monitor for signals of GBS risk. We performed self-controlled risk interval (SCRI) analyses at the end of both seasons, including chart confirmation in the 2015-2016 season, to estimate the odds ratio of GBS risk. We used 1-42 and 8-21 days post-vaccination as primary and secondary risk windows, respectively, and 43-84 days post-vaccination as the control window. RESULTS Over 13 million beneficiaries were vaccinated in each season. USPRT found a low magnitude signal for GBS in both seasons. SCRI analyses did not find excess GBS risk following any influenza vaccine for days 1-42 post-vaccination in either season. In the 2015-2016 season, for the 8-21 day window, our chart-confirmation showed an attributable GBS risk of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.16, 1.49) and 1.68 (95% CI: 0.69, 2.41) cases per million vaccinees after all seasonal and high dose (HD) vaccines, respectively, an elevated GBS risk for beneficiaries aged ≥75 years following all seasonal vaccines (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.15, 4.39) and HD vaccine (OR: 3.67, 95% CI: 1.52, 8.85), and an elevated GBS risk for males who received seasonal vaccines (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.15, 4.15) and HD vaccine (OR: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.35, 8.20). The finding of elevated GBS risk with advancing age and in males is consistent with literature; however, a distinction between HD and SD was a new finding. In the 2016-17 season, for the 8-21 day window, attributed cases showed an attributable GBS risk of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.03, 1.61) and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.00, 2.01) cases per million vaccinees after all seasonal and HD vaccines, respectively. We found no excess GBS risk for standard dose vaccines in the 8-21 day window in either season. CONCLUSIONS Our primary analysis finding of no excess GBS risk during both seasons was reassuring. The slightly elevated GBS risk, although in the expected range, in the 8-21 day window after all seasonal and high dose vaccines, but not after standard dose vaccines is hypothesis-generating because the difference may be due to vaccine factors such as antigen amount or strains in various seasons or due to host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa P Arya
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Maria A Said
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hector S Izurieta
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Perez-Vilar
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Craig Zinderman
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas MaCurdy
- Acumen, LLC, Burlingame, CA, USA; Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kelman
- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Forshee
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Lai EHH, Yang CN, Lin SK, Wang HW, Kok SH, Hong CY, Su IH, Yang H, Chang JZC. Metformin Ameliorates Periapical Lesions through Suppression of Hypoxia-induced Apoptosis of Osteoblasts. J Endod 2018; 44:1817-1825. [PMID: 30293696 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intramuscular injection of metformin has been shown to inhibit the progression of periapical lesions in rats by decreasing the number of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand- and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of metformin on hypoxia-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts and the therapeutic activity of intracanal metformin in induced periapical lesions in rats. METHODS The influence of metformin on hypoxia-induced mitochondrial superoxide production in human osteoblasts was examined by using MitoSOX (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) fluorescence dye signaling. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and the cleavage of procaspase-9 and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Apoptotic cell fraction was assessed by DNA content flow cytometry. In a rat model of induced periapical lesions, the effect of intracanal metformin on disease progression was appraised by 2-dimensional radiography and micro-computed tomographic imaging. Oxidative lesions and apoptotic activity of osteoblasts in vivo were estimated, respectively, by 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. RESULTS Metformin inhibited hypoxia-enhanced mitochondrial superoxide production in osteoblasts. Metformin suppressed hypoxia-induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria and the cleavage of procaspase-9 and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase. Metformin repressed hypoxia-augmented apoptotic cell fraction. In a rat model, intracanal metformin diminished the size of periapical lesions and the oxidative damage and apoptotic activity in osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia increased oxidative stress in osteoblasts and enhanced cell death through activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Metformin attenuated the oxidative and cytotoxic action of hypoxia. The therapeutic effect of metformin on periapical lesions is partially caused by its antioxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Hsiang-Hua Lai
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ning Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Kwan Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Wang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Heng Kok
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Hong
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang Yang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Su IH, Lee CF, Su YP, Wang LH. Evaluating a Cobalt-Tetraphenylporphyrin Complex, Functionalized with a Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite, for Improved Tooth Whitening. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2016; 28:321-329. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Su
- Department of Orthodontics; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Pin Su
- Yang-an Dental Clinic; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Lai-Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Chemistry; Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science; 60 Erh-Jen Road, Section 1 Jen Te Tainan 71743 Taiwan
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Yeh CH, Yeow KM, Chu SY, Pan KT, Hung CF, Hsueh S, Su IH. Imaging findings in mandibular primitive neuroectodermal tumour: a report of a rare case and review of the literature. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2011; 40:451-6. [PMID: 21960404 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/92169329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs) are aggressive undifferentiated tumours that occur mainly in the central nervous system (CNS). Reviewing the literature, only six cases of primary PNET of the mandible have been reported. These rare tumours are usually overlooked in clinical practice. An 18-year-old woman who presented with dental caries and left cheek swelling was initially diagnosed with facial cellulitis, but the swelling persisted despite adequate intravenous antibiotic therapy. Subsequent ultrasound and MR examinations revealed a tumour originating from the left mandibular ramus. The ultrasonography-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of peripheral PNET. The radiographic features of mandibular PNETs are similar to those of PNETs in other regions, except for haemorrhage, necrosis and calcification. In addition, this is the first reported case with sonographic and MR images of this rare tumour, and the first case that was diagnosed based on the ultrasonography-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy. Using these image characteristics, mandibular PNETs can be diagnosed more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Yeh
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
Photo-assisted catalytic reduction of nitric oxide (NO) was studied over different metal-loaded TiO2 catalysts at room temperature. The activities of metal-loaded (Pt, Ag, Cu) TiO2 photocatalysts, prepared by the sol-gel method, were compared in a batch system using CH4 as the reducing agent. The Pt/TiO2 catalyst showed the highest activity for NO reduction. Thus, Pt/TiO2 was coated on optical fibres and used in a continuous-flow optical-fibre photoreactor. The optical-fibre photoreactor provides light irradiation on the photocatalyst through the optical fibre, thus improving the efficiency ofphotoreactions. Ten per cent conversion of NO was found using CH4 as the reducing agent. The NO conversions increased to 90% in the presence of water vapour and oxygen. However, most NO was oxidized to NO2. Hydrogen had superior reducing capabilities over CH4 on Pt/TiO2 photocatalyst, and the conversion of NO reached 85%. But the conversion of NO was substantially decreased to less than 10% in the presence of water vapour and oxygen. Our research proposed an alternative way to reduce NO pollutant to N2 at room temperature using an optical-fibre photoreactor, which could possibly utilize sunlight in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Su IH, Frank R, Gauthier BG, Valderrama E, Simon DB, Lifton RP, Trachtman H. Bartter syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a possible link between two diseases. Pediatr Nephrol 2000; 14:970-2. [PMID: 10975308 DOI: 10.1007/s004670050054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe a patient with signs and symptoms of classic Bartter syndrome. The patient tested negative for all known genetic abnormalities associated with this tubular disorder. Proteinuria was found within 1 year after the diagnosis of Bartter syndrome. A renal biopsy performed 6 months later, when her kidney function was normal, revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). We propose a link between stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system and sclerotic changes in the glomerulus. This lesion may explain previous reports of kidney failure in patients with Bartter syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Su
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Schneider Children's Hospital of the North Shore-LIJ Health System, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY 11040-1432, USA
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Texido G, Su IH, Mecklenbräuker I, Saijo K, Malek SN, Desiderio S, Rajewsky K, Tarakhovsky A. The B-cell-specific Src-family kinase Blk is dispensable for B-cell development and activation. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:1227-33. [PMID: 10648608 PMCID: PMC85250 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.4.1227-1233.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The B-cell lymphocyte kinase (Blk) is a src-family protein tyrosine kinase specifically expressed in B-lineage cells of mice. The early onset of Blk expression during B-cell development in the bone marrow and the high expression levels of Blk in mature B cells suggest a possible important role of Blk in B-cell physiology. To study the in vivo function of Blk, mice homozygous for the targeted disruption of the blk gene were generated. In homozygous mutant mice, neither blk mRNA nor Blk protein is expressed. Despite the absence of Blk, the development, in vitro activation, and humoral immune responses of B cells to T-cell-dependent and -independent antigens are unaltered. These data are consistent with functional redundancy of Blk in B-cell development and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Texido
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Genetics, University of Köln, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
The prevalence and related risk factors of betel quid chewing among adolescent students were studied in a junior high school (group 1) and in a vocational school (group 2) in southern Taiwan. Group 1 consisted of 3548 participants (89.7% response rate) and group 2 of 1358 (97.6% response rate). The students were asked to complete a questionnaire anonymously. In the junior high school 1.9% of students including all grades (13-15 years old) and both sexes was found to be a current betel quid chewer and 14% was an ex-chewer, whereas 10.2% of vocational school students (16-18 years old) was a current chewer and 31% was an ex-chewer. The prevalence of betel chewing was significantly higher among boys than girls. A high proportion of chewers was also a smoker and alcohol drinker. A statistical analysis of sociodemographic factors showed that male students who smoked tobacco, consumed alcohol and were friends or classmates of students who were betel quid chewers, were the likeliest adolescents to chew betel quid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Yang
- School of Nursing, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Ko YC, Su IH, Lan SJ, Yen YY, Wu MC, Lee CH. [Risk factors related to the use of amphetamines in adolescent students]. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1992; 8:24-34. [PMID: 1548737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of amphetamine abuse among school children was studied by asking 3548 adolescent students (aged 12-15, response rate 98.6%) to complete a questionnaire anonymously, which was developed and evaluated by the authors. A complete set of data was collected for 3200 (90.2%) students. Eighty-five (2.7%) of them who admitted that they had used amphetamines constituted the case group. Non-users with negative urine tests formed the control group. Six independent factors were found to be related to amphetamine use when the answers were analyzed by stepwise logistic regression. The prevalence odds ratio estimation was elevated in: males compared females, students who did not live with both parents compared to those who lived with both parents, students with amphetamine-user friends compared to those with no-user friends, smokers compared to non-smoker, betel nut chewers compared non-chewers, and in students with positive attitudes compared to those with negative attitudes. The average starting age for smoking was 12.5 +/- 0.1 years; later this was followed by alcohol abuse, chewing of betel-nuts, and use of amphetamines. The average age of starting to use amphetamines was 13.5 +/- 0.2 years; a common reason given for using amphetamines was curiosity (65.4%). Many students (54.2%) obtained the amphetamine from their friends and most of them (85.2%) used it six months before responding to the questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Ko
- School of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Ko YC, Lan SJ, Yen YY, Su IH, Chen BH, Tsai JL. [The prevalence of amphetamine use in adolescent students: self-reported and urine analysis]. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1991; 7:582-9. [PMID: 1766028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of amphetamine use was studied using an anonymous questionnaire given to 3548 adolescent students aged 12--15, with a response rate of 98.6%. This questionnaire was developed and evaluated by the authors. A complete set of data was collected on 3200 subjects, making up 90.2% of all students surveyed. Eighty-five (2.7%) students admitted that they had used amphetamines; that is, 64 of the 1,584 male (4.0%), and 21 of the 1,616 female (1.3%) respondents. The life-time prevalence odds ratio estimation was elevated in male (POR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.9--5.3), as compared to female students. The life-time prevalence rates increased with age only among male students (P trend = 0.01). Seven hundred and twenty four male students were randomly tested for the presence of amphetamines in their urine using thin layer chromatography and fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Of six students who tested positive, five asserted that they had not used amphetamines. The point prevalence rate of amphetamine use based on the urine tests was 0.9% among the 652 students who had completed questionnaires. This rate was higher than on self-reported use of amphetamines (rate difference 0.9%, 95% CI 0.2--1.6%). In this group, 27 (4.1%) admitted that they had used amphetamines. The estimated overall life-time prevalence rate was at least 4.9% (32/652), with 95% CI between 3.2% and 6.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Ko
- Graduate Institute of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Su IH, Chow LP. Induced abortion and contraceptive practice: an experience in Taiwan. Stud Fam Plann 1976; 7:224-30. [PMID: 960182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Chen JS, Su IH, Chow LP. IUD reinsertion in Taichung: a study of first and later segments. Stud Fam Plann 1975; 6:338-44. [PMID: 1162716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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