Adjunctive application of chlorhexidine and ethanol-wet bonding on durability of bonds to sound and caries-affected dentine

Etch-mineralizing treatment to improve dentin bonding

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to investigate the effect of etch-mineralizing solution as a dentin treatment agent on dentin bonding.

METHODS

This study designed four kinds of etch-mineralizing solutions (EMs) by adding sodium fluoride in 35% phosphoric acid aqueous solution with four different concentrations (5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/ml), and named F1, F2, F3 and F4, respectively. 35% phosphoric acid gel treatment was the control group. SEM, EDS, FTIR and microhardness tests were performed on the treated dentin. Shear bond strength was measured before and after aging. Nanoleakage was also evaluated. Fracture mode was researched after SBS testing. The antibacterial properties of treated dentin were also investigated through live/dead staining of biofilms.

RESULTS

The smear layer was removed and mineralization substances were observed on the dentin surface and tubule, and no obvious collagen fibers were observed compared with the control group. FTIR spectrums showed that the ratios of phosphate/collagen on EMs treated dentin surfaces were significantly increased (P<0.05). F2 group had the highest bonding strength (32.14±7.33 MPa) and microhardness (66.08±10.58), while the control group had the lowest bonding strength (21.81±4.03 MPa) and microhardness (42.34±7.08) (p<0.05), and excellent bonding strength caused the more cohesive fracture. Experimental groups showed less nanoleakage than group C (P<0.05). Moreover, experimental groups had better antiaging performance and antibacterial properties than the control group (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

EMs treatment not only improved dentin bonding and antibacterial ability, but also remineralized dentin with autologous mineral elements.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The treatment provides a novel therapeutic strategy for obtaining ideal dentin bonding strength and prolonging the longevity of the restoration.

Effect of photodynamic therapy on resin-dentin bonding interface using different illumination time

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy(PDT) on the resin-dentin bonding interface using different illumination time.

METHODS

Seventy completed, isolated molar teeth were collected for this study, sixty of them were used in microtensile bond strength tests. These teeth were initially divided randomly in two main groups(n=30) by the random number table method upon the type of using illumination or not respectively. Then these groups followed by dividing each category in five subgroups(n=6): group A, group B1,group B2, group B3, group B4, group a, group b1, group b2, group b3, group b4. After different treatment, the remaining teeth were made specimens which were observed the fracture modes and interfaces under a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope(SEM). The dentin permeability of the specimens were evaluated by a laser scanning confocal microscope(LSCM). To detect significance difference between means of different groups analysis of variance(ANOVA) was performed followed by LSD-t tests.

RESULTS

There was a significant statistical difference in the microtensile bond strength of the different illumination time of PDT between four experimental groups and the control (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

With the increase of the illumination time in PDT, the bonding strength between resin and dentin decreased gradually.

Biodentine or Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as Direct Pulp Capping Material in Mature Permanent Teeth with Carious Exposure? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the success rate of direct pulp capping (DPC) with Biodentine in mature permanent teeth with carious vital pulp exposure compared to that of DPC with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis.

DATA SOURCES

The two authors searched independently the literature published through July 31, 2020, in five electronic databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science Core Collection, the Wiley Online Library, and the SCOPUS database).

STUDY SELECTION

The research protocol was previously registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020192511). Clinical studies that met the inclusion criteria were chosen and independently screened by the authors.

DATA EXTRACTION

A custom-designed spreadsheet was used to extract the data. The quality of each study was evaluated by means of the revised Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) tool or the ROB of nonrandomized studies of interventions tool.

DATA SYNTHESIS

Three randomized controlled trials and one retrospective study met the inclusion criteria. Only one study had a high risk of bias. The included studies reported data on a total of 95 participants with an age range of 8-51 years. No significant difference was observed in the overall treatment outcome when comparing Biodentine with MTA (Risk ratio=1.00, 95% confidence interval [0.93-1.07], p=1.00).

CONCLUSIONS

Biodentine had comparable clinical and radiographic success to that of MTA when used as a DPC agent in mature permanent teeth with carious vital pulp exposure. Additional high-quality studies are needed.

Effects of different antibacterial disinfectants on microleakage of bulk-fill composite bonded to different tooth structures

Background

This in-vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of two different antibacterial disinfectants on the microleakage performance of newly developed bulk-fill composite, bonded to different tooth structures.

Methods

Class V cavities were prepared in 30 sound premolar teeth, with enamel occlusal margins (OM) and dentin cervical margins (CM). Two disinfectants, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and Listerine Miswak (ListM), were used. Teeth were divided into three groups (n = 10): G1, Control; G2, CHX; and G3, ListM. Disinfectants were applied to the cavity preparation walls after they were etched with 35% phosphoric acid. The Single Bond Universal adhesive system was then used, and teeth were restored with Filtek One Bulk Fill composite. Samples were examined, after thermocycling aging, by stereomicroscopy for the evaluation of marginal dye penetration.

Results

The highest mean microleakage score was reported in the CM of G1 (2.60 ± 1.174), which was significant compared with that of G2 only (p = 0.02). OM in G1 showed no microleakage, with no significant differences found among groups (χ² = 1.39, p = 0.50). No significant differences were reported between G2 and G3 (p = 0.45 OM; p = 0.17 CM).

Conclusions

Cavity pretreatment with CHX is not significantly different to pretreatment with CHX. In contrast, CHX improved the cervical marginal seal as compare to the control group (G1).

Chemical interaction between 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate and methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane in one-bottle dental primer and its effect on dentine bonding

In the present study, we investigated the chemical interaction between 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) and methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (gamma-MPS) in one-bottle primer solutions and its effect on dentine bonding performance. Solutions containing 10 wt% 10-MDP and/or gamma-MPS at 0, 1, 5, 10, or 15 wt% were prepared, providing 10 experimental groups (labeled MDP/MPSxx or MPSxx, where MDP indicates the presence of 10 wt% MDP and xx is the wt% of gamma-MPS in the solution). Phosphoric-acid-etched dentine blocks were prepared from human molars and conditioned in the solutions before being used to build resin-dentine-bonded specimens, which were subsequently subjected to microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing after 24-h or six-months water storage. Interfacial nanoleakage was evaluated by SEM observation. All the primer-conditioned samples showed significantly higher initial μTBS values than that of the control group, and six-months water storage significantly lowered the μTBS for all the groups; however, the decreases for MDP/MPS10 and MDP/MPS15 were significantly greater than those for MDP/MPS1 and the control solution. Furthermore, MDP/MPS10 and MDP/MPS15 groups also showed more serious nanoleakage. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses were used to investigate the chemical affinity between 10-MDP and hydroxyapatite (HAp). In XRD analysis, the intensities of peaks assigned to 10-MDP-calcium salts were lower for the solutions containing gamma-MPS. Overall, the results indicate that the copresence of gamma-MPS (above 10 wt%) and 10-MDP in one-bottle primer solutions inhibit the formation of 10-MDP-calcium salts, leading to increased long-term nanoleakage and decreased bonding durability.

MMP Inhibitors and Dentin Bonding: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives

Resin-dentin bond strength decreases over time. This reduction is related to the loss of hybrid layer integrity. Collagenolytic enzymes, especially matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are responsible for the degradation of the collagen matrix of the hybrid layer. Various MMP inhibitors with the ability to prevent enzymatic degradation have been identified. This study aimed to systematically review the literature for studies which evaluated the effect of MMP inhibitors on the immediate and aged dentin bond strengths. Study SelectionScreening and analysis were carried out by two reviewers. Two databases were searched, and from a total of 740 articles, 43 were accepted for full review. 21 articles with 0.2%–2% chlorhexidine (CHX) treatments were included for meta-analysis. A risk of bias assessment was performed on all studies chosen for meta-analysis. A variety of MMP inhibitors have been studied, CHX being the most widely used.

Conclusions

A clear trend for a lower loss of dentin bond strength was observed with different MMP inhibitors. In meta-analysis, no significant difference was seen between the CHX and control in the immediate bond strengths. Bond strengths in the CHX group were significantly higher than the control group after aging (P < 0.001). The percentage of fractures occurring at the adhesive interface increased after aging. Five out of 21 studies included in the meta-analysis had high and the rest medium risk of bias. More long-term studies with lower risks of bias should be carried out to increase the reliability of results. Clinical RelevanceThe use of MMP inhibition with chlorhexidine can be recommended to increase the longevity of resin-dentin bond strength.

Bonding of an ion-releasing restorative material to caries-affected dentin disinfected with photodynamic therapy, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and chemical disinfectants

AIM

The study aimed to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of giomer, an ion-releasing restorative material, to caries-affected dentin (CAD) when different cavity disinfectant protocols were applied before the restoration.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Thirty extracted non-carious human third molars were embedded in acrylic resin. The occlusal portions of the samples were excised using an IsoMet saw. After creating artificial caries, samples were divided into six groups (n = 12): sound dentin with no disinfection (Group SD), CAD with no disinfection (Group CAD), CAD disinfected with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (Group CHX), CAD disinfected with 6% NaOCl (Group NaOCl), CAD disinfected with photodynamic therapy with methylene blue photosensitizer (Group PDT), and CAD disinfected with Er,Cr:YSGG (Group ECYL). Following disinfection protocols, the universal adhesive was applied, and all samples were restored using giomer. Subsequently, μTBS analyses were performed, and data were analyzed statistically.

RESULTS

The highest μTBS values were obtained from the SD and CAD groups, which exhibited no statistical differences (p > 0.05). The PDT and ECYL groups had higher μTBS values compared with the CHX and NaOCl groups (p < 0.05), and all disinfection protocols decreased the bond strength to CAD (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The microtensile bond strength of disinfected CAD was greater with Er,Cr:YSGG laser and photodynamic therapy treatment than with chemical disinfectants. Giomer may enhance the bond strength to CAD, which has a weaker bonding potential than sound dentin due to structural differences. However, disinfection protocols adversely affect adhesion between the restorative material and CAD.

Chlorhexidine-modified nanotubes and their effects on the polymerization and bonding performance of a dental adhesive

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study was to synthesize chlorhexidine (CHX)-encapsulated aluminosilicate clay nanotubes (Halloysite®, HNTs) and to incorporate them into the primer/adhesive components of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system (SBMP; Scotchbond Multipurpose, 3M ESPE) and to test their effects on degree of conversion, viscosity, immediate and long-term bonding to dentin.

METHODS

CHX-modified HNTs were synthesized using 10% or 20% CHX solutions. The primer and the adhesive components of SBMP were incorporated with 15wt.% of the CHX-encapsulated HNTs. Degree of conversion (DC) and viscosity analyses were performed to characterize the modified primers/adhesives. For bond strength testing, acid-etched dentin was treated with one of the following: SBMP (control); 0.2%CHX solution before SBMP; CHX-modified primers+SBMP adhesive; SBMP primer+CHX-modified adhesives; and SBMP primer+CHX-free HNT-modified adhesive. The microtensile bond strength test was performed after immediate (24h) and long-term (6 months) of water storage. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey (α=5%) and the Weibull analysis.

RESULTS

DC was greater for the CHX-free HNT-modified adhesive, whereas the other experimental adhesives showed similar DC as compared with the control. Primers were less viscous than the adhesives, without significant differences within the respective materials. At 24h, all groups showed similar bonding performance and structural reliability; whereas at the 6-month period, groups treated with the 0.2%CHX solution prior bonding or with the CHX-modified primers resulted in greater bond strength than the control and superior reliability.

SIGNIFICANCE

The modification of a primer or adhesive with CHX-encapsulated HNTs was an advantageous approach that did not impair the polymerization, viscosity and bonding performance of the materials, showing a promising long-term effect on resin-dentin bonds.

Effects of resveratrol/ethanol pretreatment on dentin bonding durability

To determine the effects of resveratrol/ethanol solution on the durability of resin-dentin bonding interfaces. Sixty-four non-caries third molars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 16) after sectioning, and then pretreated with one of the following concentrations of resveratrol/ethanol solutions: 0 (control group), 1, 10 and 20 mg/mL, followed by a universal adhesive and resin composites. All microtensile samples were divided into three subgroups: immediate group, collagenase ageing group and thermocycled group. The microtensile bond strength (MTBS), failure modes, interfacial nanoleakage and in situ zymography were measured, whereas the inhibitory effects of pretreated dentin slices on S. mutans biofilms were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and MTT assay. The results indicated that bonding strength was not only influenced by pretreatment factors (P < 0.05) but also ageing factors (P < 0.05). Regardless of collagenase ageing or thermocycling, the 10 mg/mL resveratrol/ethanol pretreatment group presented significantly higher (P < 0.05) MTBS and lower (P < 0.05) expression of nanoleakage than the control group, showed better inhibitory effect of matrix metalloproteinases and S. mutans activity with acceptable cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, cohesive failure in dentin decreased gradually with increasing resveratrol concentration. Therefore, the resveratrol/ethanol solution had the potential to serve as a versatile dentin primer, which can effectively improve dentin bonding durability and prevent secondary caries.

Effect of 2% Chlorhexidine Following Acid Etching on Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin Restorations: A Meta-Analysis

Background and Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effect of 2% chlorhexidine following acid etching on the microtensile bond strength of resin restorations for different follow-up times. Materials and Methods: A thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were conducted. In vitro experimental studies or in vivo studies published up to December 2018 with an experimental group treated with a 2% chlorhexidine solution following acid etching and a control group were included, wherein the final restoration used a resin composite in both the groups. Results: Twenty-one articles were identified for qualitative analysis and 18 for meta-analysis. The difference in the means of microtensile bond strength between the two groups was calculated for the different follow-up times. The differences were significant for 6 months (4.30 MPa; 95% CI 2.72–5.89), 12 months (8.41 MPa; 95% CI 4.93–11.88), and 2–5 years including aged and thermocycling samples (9.08 MPa; 95% CI 5.36–12.81). There were no significant differences for the type of adhesive used. A meta-regression model showed a significant effect of time on the microtensile bond strength. Conclusions: The application of a 2% chlorhexidine solution after acid etching increased the microtensile bond strength significantly for follow-up times of 6 months or more. The adhesive type had no influence.

Combination of baicalein and ethanol-wet-bonding improves dentin bonding durability

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to investigate the potential of baicalein combined with ethanol-wet bonding (EWB) in improving dentin bonding durability.

METHODS

Sixty caries-free human third molars were randomly allocated into four groups and pretreated with solutions after sectioning and polishing. The pretreatments were prepared via dissolving baicalein in ethanol at concentrations of 0, 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1% (w/v). Microtensile bond strength (MTBS) test, failure mode analysis and interfacial nanoleakage evaluation were conducted immediately or after thermocycling or 1 month of collagenase aging. In situ zymography, contact angle, antibacterial activity and bioactivity were comprehensively assessed.

RESULTS

Results demonstrated that the three experimental groups exhibited higher MTBS and lower nanoleakage expression regardless of aging. MMP activity within hybrid layer and Streptococcus. mutans biofilm formation were inhibited in the experimental groups in a dose-dependent manner. Baicalein also reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression in human dental pulp cells and resisted adhesive-induced cytotoxicity. Baicalein exhibited remarkable capabilities at concentrations higher than 0.05% (w/v).

CONCLUSION

Baicalein is a prospective candidate as bioactive dentin bonding agent. Combined with EWB, baicalein may form a functional bonding interface, thereby enhancing dentin bond strength and durability.

SIGNIFICANCE

Joint efforts by baicalein and EWB provides a novel therapeutic strategy for obtaining ideal adhesive-dentin interface and prolonging the longevity of restorations.

Effect of epigallocatechin-3- gallate solutions on bond durability at the adhesive interface in caries-affected dentin

Hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) reduces the durability of composite resin restorations on caries-affected dentin (CAD). The use of MMP inhibitors such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could increase the longevity of the bond to dentin. This study aimed to evaluate the use of EGCG at different aqueous concentrations on the resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS), fracture pattern and nanoleakage (NL) in immediate (IM) time interval and after 12-months of water storage (1Y) when using a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system on CAD. Dentin surfaces of 40 human molars were submitted to a microbiological caries induction protocol and randomized into 5 groups (n = 8) (0.02% EGCG; 0.2% EGCG; 0.5% EGCG; 2% Chlorhexidine [CHX] and no treatment as Control Group - [NT]). After acid etching, the solutions were applied for 60 s followed by application of dental adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2, 3 M ESPE) to CAD surfaces. Subsequently, a resin composite (4 mm) block was built on the dentin. After 24 h, the teeth were sectioned into beam-shaped specimens (cross-sectional area of 1 mm² and 8-mm high). Half of the specimens were tested in IM and the other half after 1Y. Two samples per tooth were submitted to SEM for NL evaluation. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). The results showed that use of EGCG and CHX did not affect μTBS in IM (p > 0.05). After 1Y, there was a reduction in μTBS for all experimental groups (p < 0.05). Adhesive fractures predominated in IM in all groups, except for 0.05% EGCG and NT. After 1Y, there was an increase in these adhesive fractures in all groups. For NL, all agents applied reduced NL in comparison with CT (p < 0.001). CHX showed lower NL (p < 0.001), followed by 0.02% and 0.5% EGCG. NT showed highest NL for both time intervals (p < 0.001). Thus, although the use of EGCG at different concentrations and CHX reduced the NL, they were unable to reduce degradation of μTBS to CAD over time.

Comparative evaluation of chlorhexidine, grape seed extract, riboflavin/chitosan modification on microtensile bond strength of composite resin to dentin after polymerase chain reaction thermocycling: An in vitro study

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of chlorhexidine (CHX), grape seed extract (GSE), riboflavin/chitosan modification on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of composite resin to dentin after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) thermocycling.

Materials and Methods:

Forty extracted human molars were used and a flat surface was then prepared by removing the occlusal one-third. The teeth were randomly assigned into four groups - Group I in which self-etch adhesive (Adper Easy One) was applied and Groups II, III, IV were pretreated with 2% CHX, 6.5% GSE, and 1% riboflavin/chitosan, respectively, before the application of self-etch adhesive. Composite build-ups were constructed, and PCR thermocycling (5000 cycles) was performed. The μTBS was evaluated using the universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test.

Results:

The mean μTBS values for Group I (control), Group II (CHX), Group III (GSE), and Group IV (riboflavin/chitosan modification) were 30.81, 43.15, 38.79, and 35.07 MPa, respectively.

Conclusion:

Pretreatment with CHX and GSE leads to a significant increase in μTBS of composite resin to dentin.

Evaluate the effect of different mmps inhibitors on adhesive physical properties of dental adhesives, bond strength and mmp substarte activity

We have evaluated and compare the effect of different exogenous MMP inhibitors on adhesive physical properties of dental adhesives, bond strength, micro permeability and MMP substrate activity. 180-grit Sic paper was used to obtain the superficial dentin surface from each and every tooth after the wet grinding procedure. Dentin was exposed to four different MMP inhibitors to evaluate the effect on resin adhesive dentin interface. The four groups used in study were: 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, 2% doxycycline solution, 5% Proanthocyanidin (PR), Control Group. We evaluated and compared the four groups at each and every step of etching, bonding and resin application. Then, the immunolabeling was done with the help of the secondary antibodies with the pH of 7 and the dilution of 1:20. Amongst all the etching pretreatment groups, CHE group (Chlorhexidine etching group) revealed highest exposure to collagen fibrils than the other groups of etching. Then after the CHE group, the next group which has the second highest exposure DOE group. MMP inhibitor application for time duration of 1 minute after the etching procedures significantly improves the bond strength, exposure to collagen fibres and uniforms the dense form of dentin hybrid layer.

Quercetin as a simple but versatile primer in dentin bonding

A quercetin/ethanol solution may serve as a simple but versatile primer to obtain desirable bonding stability and prevent secondary caries.

Effects of simplified ethanol-wet bonding technique on immediate bond strength with normal versus caries-affected dentin

AIM

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the use of simplified ethanol-wet bonding (EWB) technique improved the immediate microtensile bond strength (μTBS) between resin composite and caries-affected dentin (CAD).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Twenty-four extracted carious human permanent molars were sectioned to expose the carious lesion. The carious dentin was excavated until CAD was exposed. The samples were divided into two groups: water-wet bonding with Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and a simplified EWB (three 100% ethanol applications for 30 s each), followed by application of an experimental hydrophobic primer and restoration. The samples were vertically sectioned to produce 1 mm × 1 mm thick slabs. The normal dentin (ND) slabs and CAD slabs were identified and were subjected to μTBS evaluation. Slabs from four teeth (two from each group) were evaluated under microscope. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc Holm-Sidak test at P < 0.05.

RESULTS

EWB improved the μTBS in ND but not in CAD group. The dentinal tubules in CAD group showed sclerotic activity with minimal or no hybrid layer.

CONCLUSIONS

Simplified ethanol bonding does not improve the bond strength in CAD.

Effect of digluconate chlorhexidine on bond strength between dental adhesive systems and dentin: A systematic review

Aim:

This study aimed to systematically review the literature for the effect of digluconate chlorhexidine (CHX) on bond strength between dental adhesive systems and dentin of composite restorations.

Materials and Methods:

The electronic databases that were searched to identify manuscripts for inclusion were Medline via PubMed and Google search engine. The search strategies were computer search of the database and review of reference lists of the related articles. Search words/terms were as follows: (digluconate chlorhexidine*) AND (dentin* OR adhesive system* OR bond strength*).

Results:

Bond strength reduction after CHX treatments varied among the studies, ranging 0-84.9%. In most of the studies, pretreatment CHX exhibited lower bond strength reduction than the control experimental groups. Researchers who previously investigated the effect of CHX on the bond strength of dental adhesive systems on dentin have reported contrary results, which may be attributed to different experimental methods, different designs of the experiments, and different materials investigated.

Conclusions:

Further investigations, in particular clinical studies, would be necessary to clarify the effect of CHX on the longevity of dentin bonds.

Effect of adjunctive application of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and ethanol-wet bonding on adhesive-dentin bonds

OBJECTIVES

To determine the effect of the combined use of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and ethanol-wet bonding (EWB) on resin-dentin bonds.

METHODS

Sixty molars were sectioned, polished, and randomly divided into six groups (n=10) according to the following pretreatments: group 1, water-wet bonding (WWB); group 2, WWB with 0.02% (w/v) EGCG; group 3, WWB with 0.1% EGCG; group 4, EWB; group 5, EWB with 0.02% EGCG; and group 6, EWB with 0.1% EGCG. An etch-and-rinse adhesive was then used, followed by the resin composites building. The microtensile bond strength (MTBS), failure modes and interfacial nanoleakage were separately determined after 24h water storage or 10,000 runs of thermocycling.

RESULTS

Both pretreatment method (P<0.05) and thermocycling (P<0.05) significantly influenced bond strength and nanoleakage. Irrespective of thermocycling, the 0.02% EGCG/ethanol (group 5) pretreated adhesive-dentin interfaces showed higher MTBS than the control group (P<0.05). Nanoleakage expression of all groups increased after thermocycling (P<0.05) except group 5. Adhesive failure was the main fracture pattern in all groups.

CONCLUSION

This study showed that pretreatment with 0.02% EGCG/ethanol solutions can effectively improve immediate bond strength and bond stability of etch-and-rinse adhesives on dentin.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The adjunctive application of EGCG and EWB provides a new strategy for dentists to obtain the desired bond effectiveness during adhesive restoration in clinical practice.