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Liao J, Qiu J, Lin Y, Li Z. The application of hydrogels for enamel remineralization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33574. [PMID: 39040369 PMCID: PMC11261051 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enamel is composed of numerous uniformly wide, well-oriented hydroxyapatite crystals. It possesses an acellular structure that cannot be repaired after undergoing damage. Therefore, remineralization after enamel defects has become a focal point of research. Hydrogels, which are materials with three-dimensional structures derived from cross-linking polymers, have garnered significant attention in recent studies. Their exceptional properties make them valuable in the application of enamel remineralization. In this review, we summarize the structure and formation of enamel, present the design considerations of hydrogels for enamel remineralization, explore diverse hydrogels types in this context, and finally, shed light on the potential future applications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liao
- School of Stomatology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China
| | - Junhong Qiu
- School of Stomatology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China
| | - Yanfang Lin
- School of Stomatology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Stomatology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China
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2
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Gungor AS, Dalkılıç E, Alkan E, Yılmaz-Atalı P, Tağtekin D. Enamel Matrix Derivative, 58S5 Bioactive Glass, and Fluoride Varnish for Enamel Remineralization: A Multi-analysis Approach. Oper Dent 2024; 49:353-363. [PMID: 38807323 DOI: 10.2341/23-102-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the enamel remineralization efficacy of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), experimental bioactive glass (BAG), and fluoride varnish in vitro. METHODS AND MATERIALS Artificial initial caries lesions were developed on fifty human enamel specimens using demineralization solution (pH 4.5, 37°C, 96 hours). Specimens were randomly assigned to five groups (n=10): I-5% NaF varnish (Enamelast), II-experimental 58S5 BAG+37% phosphoric acid (PA), III-EMD (Emdogain) + Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA), IV-EMD+37% PA, V-Control (untreated). All remineralization agents were applied with pH cycling for seven days. The specimens were scanned by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at baseline, at demineralization, and after pH cycling. Lesion depths were measured using image analysis software (ImageJ). Lesions were evaluated using surface microhardness (SMH) and two fluorescence methods (FluoreCam and DIAGNOdent Pen [DDPen]). The data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal Wallis, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests (α=0.05). RESULTS According to SD-OCT results, fluoride varnish was found to be the most effective agent in reducing lesion depth (p=0.005). All agents increased the SMH values after pH cycling. No significant difference was found among fluoride varnish, BAG, and EMD+PA groups. These SMH values were significantly higher than EMD+EDTA and control groups (p<0.001). All groups showed lower DDPen scores compared with the control group (p<0.001), however, no significant difference was found among the remineralization agents. In FluoreCam assessment, size and intensity values of all treated groups showed improvement. However, there was no significant difference between the treatment groups in terms of FluoreCam size measurements (p=0.186). CONCLUSION 58S5 BAG and EMD+PA have remineralization capacity as effective as fluoride varnish. EMD+PA showed better SMH and lesion intensity results than EMD+EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarialioglu Gungor
- *Ayca Sarialogu Gungor, DDS, MSc, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Galata University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Dalkılıç
- Evrim Dalkılıç, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Alkan
- Elif Alkan, DDS, MSc, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - P Yılmaz-Atalı
- P Yılmaz-Atalı, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Tağtekin
- Dilek Tağtekin, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Miyayoshi Y, Hamba H, Nakamura K, Ishizuka H, Muramatsu T. Remineralization effects of enamel binding peptide, WGNYAYK, on enamel subsurface demineralization in vitro. Enamel binding peptide, WGNYAYK effect remineralization of enamel. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23176. [PMID: 38148805 PMCID: PMC10750082 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We investigated remineralization effects of enamel binding peptide (EBP), WGNYAYK, on enamel subsurface demineralization in vitro.Methods: Bovine lower incisor crowns were used as subsurface enamel demineralization samples, and changes of EBP binding, remineraliztion rate, hardness and microstructure were investigated. Binding of EBP, remineralization rate, hardness and structural changes were investigated. Fluorescein isothiocyatate (FITC)-labeled EBPs (0.4 mM, 4.0 mM, and 7.0 mM) were applied to the samples for 30 min at 37 °C, with sample surfaces and cross-sections observed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Mineralization analysis samples were divided into 4 experimental groups; distilled water (DW), EBP 0.4 mM, EBP 4.0 mM, and EBP 7.0 mM. Mineral density changes were measured by micro-CT with hardness measured by nano-indentation. Samples were also observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface and longitudinal microstructure. Results CLSM images indicated that increased fluorescence was observed in the surface layer and up to about 20 μm below the surface layer. The remineralization rate was significantly higher for EBP 7.0 mM compared to DW (p = 0.008). Enamel surface hardness was significantly higher in all EBP groups compared to DW (p < 0.05) and was highest in the 7.0 mM group. SEM images showed obscuring of the superficial columnar structure in the 7.0 mM EBP group, indicating subsurface crystalline structure recovery. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that EBP binds to demineralized enamel and promotes remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Miyayoshi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Keiki Nakamura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Hisako Ishizuka
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
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Hu D, Ren Q, Li Z, Han S, Ding L, Lu Z, Zhang L. Unveiling the mechanism of an amelogenin-derived peptide in promoting enamel biomimetic remineralization. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127322. [PMID: 37848117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Amelogenin and its derived peptides have exhibited excellent efficacy in promoting enamel biomimetic remineralization. However, little is known about their specific action mechanisms. Herein, by combining experiments and computer simulation, the mechanism of an amelogenin-derived peptide QP5 in regulating enamel biomimetic remineralization is unveiled for the first time. In experiments, peptide QP5 was separated into (QPX)5 and C-tail domains, the interactions of peptide-minerals in nucleation solution and the regulation of peptide on enamel biomimetic remineralization were explored. QP5 exhibited an unordered conformation when mineral ions existed, and it could adsorb on minerals through its two domains, thereby inhibiting spontaneous nucleation. The remineralized enamel regulated by C-tail showed better mechanical properties and formed more biomimetic crystals than that of (QPX)5, indicating the C-tail domain of QP5 played an important role in forming enamel-like crystals. The simulation results showed that the conformation of QP5 changed greatly, mainly exhibiting β-bend, β-turn, and coil structures, and it eventually adsorbed on enamel through negatively charged residues of the C-tail domain, then captured Ca2+ from solution to promote enamel remineralization. This study improved the evaluation methods of the mechanism of biomimetic peptides, and laid a theoretical basis for the amelioration and clinical transformation of peptide QP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhongcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sili Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Longjiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Niu Y, Zhang C, Sun Y, Dong L, Si Y, Yang J, Zhu P, Yang F. Symbiotic relationship between Prevotella denticola and Streptococcus mutans enhances virulence of plaque biofilms. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 151:105714. [PMID: 37141746 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore that whether interactions between Prevotella denticola and Streptococcus mutans could promote the establishment of hypervirulent biofilms on teeth surface and eventually influence the occurrence and development of caries. DESIGN Based on single-species biofilms of either P. denticola or S. mutans, and dual-species biofilms of both bacteria, we compared the virulence properties associated with cariogenicity in vitro, including carbohydrate metabolism and acid productivity, synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides, biomass and architecture of biofilms, level of enamel demineralization and expression of virulence genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism and adhesion in S. mutans. RESULTS The data demonstrated that, compared to single-species of above two taxa, dual-species produced lactate by metabolizing carbohydrates at a higher level during the observation period. Moreover, dual-species biofilms accrued more biomass and exhibited more dense microcolonies and abundant extracellular matrix. And it's noticeable that the level of enamel demineralization in dual-species biofilms was more augmented than that of single-species. In addition, the presence of P. denticola induced the expression of virulence genes gtfs and gbpB in S. mutans. CONCLUSIONS Symbiotic relationship between P. denticola and S. mutans enhances caries-associated virulence of plaque biofilms, which might provide new strategies for effective prevention and treatment of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Niu
- Stomatology Center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Stomatology Center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- Stomatology Center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Stomatology Center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Stomatology Center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Stomatology Center, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China.
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Zhang Z, Bi F, Guo W. Research Advances on Hydrogel-Based Materials for Tissue Regeneration and Remineralization in Tooth. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030245. [PMID: 36975694 PMCID: PMC10048036 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration and remineralization in teeth is a long-term and complex biological process, including the regeneration of pulp and periodontal tissue, and re-mineralization of dentin, cementum and enamel. Suitable materials are needed to provide cell scaffolds, drug carriers or mineralization in this environment. These materials need to regulate the unique odontogenesis process. Hydrogel-based materials are considered good scaffolds for pulp and periodontal tissue repair in the field of tissue engineering due to their inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability, slow release of drugs, simulation of extracellular matrix, and the ability to provide a mineralized template. The excellent properties of hydrogels make them particularly attractive in the research of tissue regeneration and remineralization in teeth. This paper introduces the latest progress of hydrogel-based materials in pulp and periodontal tissue regeneration and hard tissue mineralization and puts forward prospects for their future application. Overall, this review reveals the application of hydrogel-based materials in tissue regeneration and remineralization in teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
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Sugaya H, Kurashige Y, Suzuki K, Sakakibara S, Fujita Y, Islam ST, Nezu T, Ito S, Abiko Y, Saitoh M. Regaining enamel color quality using enamel matrix derivative. Med Mol Morphol 2023; 56:116-127. [PMID: 36622467 PMCID: PMC10188587 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-022-00346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate and compare the accuracy of tooth shade selection due to the remineralized enamel crystal with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in vitro. Etched enamel slices were immersed in four types of mineralization buffers for 16 h. Sodium fluoride (NaF) was added to final concentrations of 1-100 ppm with the mineralization buffer that demonstrated the highest mineralization efficiency. EMD was added to the mineralization buffer containing NaF to see if it has any remineralization capacities. The remineralized enamel crystal was analyzed by SEM and XRD. The tooth shade was evaluated by CIE L*a*b*. The results showed that, without NaF, plate-like nanocrystals were formed on the enamel surface, but with NaF, needle-like nanocrystals were formed. By adding EMD, a layer of well-compacted hydroxyapatite crystals was successfully precipitated onto the natural enamel surface. No significant differences were observed in the L* value of the mineralization surface pre-etching and after mineralization buffer containing NaF and EMD. A new method has been developed to recover the color quality of enamel, as well as to mineralize the tooth enamel by constructing hydroxyapatite crystals with mineralization buffers containing NaF and EMD on the etched tooth surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sugaya
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kurashige
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kai Suzuki
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sakakibara
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujita
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Syed Taufiqul Islam
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Takashi Nezu
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Division of Dental Education Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Masato Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric, Dentistry School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.
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Mohabatpour F, Duan X, Yazdanpanah Z, Tabil XL, Lobanova L, Zhu N, Papagerakis S, Chen X, Papagerakis P. Bioprinting of alginate-carboxymethyl chitosan scaffolds for enamel tissue engineering in vitro. Biofabrication 2022; 15. [PMID: 36583240 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acab35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering offers a great potential in regenerative dentistry and to this end, three dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been emerging nowadays to enable the incorporation of living cells into the biomaterials (such a mixture is referred as a bioink in the literature) to create scaffolds. However, the bioinks available for scaffold bioprinting are limited, particularly for dental tissue engineering, due to the complicated, yet compromised, printability, mechanical and biological properties simultaneously imposed on the bioinks. This paper presents our study on the development of a novel bioink from carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and alginate (Alg) for bioprinting scaffolds for enamel tissue regeneration. CMC was used due to its antibacterial ability and superior cell interaction properties, while Alg was added to enhance the printability and mechanical properties as well as to regulate the degradation rate. The bioinks with three mixture ratios of Alg and CMC (2-4, 3-3 and 4-2) were prepared, and then printed into the calcium chloride crosslinker solution (100 mM) to form a 3D structure of scaffolds. The printed scaffolds were characterized in terms of structural, swelling, degradation, and mechanical properties, followed by theirin vitrocharacterization for enamel tissue regeneration. The results showed that the bioinks with higher concentrations of Alg were more viscous and needed higher pressure for printing; while the printed scaffolds were highly porous and showed a high degree of printability and structural integrity. The hydrogels with higher CMC ratios had higher swelling ratios, faster degradation rates, and lower compressive modulus. Dental epithelial cell line, HAT-7, could maintain high viability in the printed constructs after 1, 7 and 14 d of culture. HAT-7 cells were also able to maintain their morphology and secrete alkaline phosphatase after 14 d of culture in the 3D printed scaffolds, suggesting the capacity of these cells for mineral deposition and enamel-like tissue formation. Among all combinations Alg4%-CMC2% and in a less degree 2%Alg-4%CMC showed the higher potential to promote ameloblast differentiation, Ca and P deposition and matrix mineralizationin vitro. Taken together, Alg-CMC has been illustrated to be suitable to print scaffolds with dental epithelial cells for enamel tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon S7N 5E4 SK, Canada
| | - Xiaoman Duan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada
| | - Zahra Yazdanpanah
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada
| | - Xavier Lee Tabil
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon S7N 5E4 SK, Canada
| | - Ning Zhu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon S7N2V3 SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon S7N 0W8 SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon S7N 5E4 SK, Canada
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9
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Xu J, Shi H, Luo J, Yao H, Wang P, Li Z, Wei J. Advanced materials for enamel remineralization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:985881. [PMID: 36177189 PMCID: PMC9513249 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.985881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries, a chronic and irreversible disease caused by caries-causing bacteria, has been listed as one of the three major human diseases to be prevented and treated. Therefore, it is critical to effectively stop the development of enamel caries. Remineralization treatment can control the progression of caries by inhibiting and reversing enamel demineralization at an early stage. In this process, functional materials guide the deposition of minerals on the damaged enamel, and the structure and hardness of the enamel are then restored. These remineralization materials have great potential for clinical application. In this review, advanced materials for enamel remineralization were briefly summarized, furthermore, an outlook on the perspective of remineralization materials were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Xu
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Shi
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiyan Yao
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Li, ; Junchao Wei,
| | - Junchao Wei
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Li, ; Junchao Wei,
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Mohabatpour F, Al-Dulaymi M, Lobanova L, Scutchings B, Papagerakis S, Badea I, Chen X, Papagerakis P. Gemini surfactant-based nanoparticles T-box1 gene delivery as a novel approach to promote epithelial stem cells differentiation and dental enamel formation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212844. [PMID: 35929273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enamel is the highest mineralized tissue in the body protecting teeth from external stimuli, infections, and injuries. Enamel lacks the ability to self-repair due to the absence of enamel-producing cells in the erupted teeth. Here, we reported a novel approach to promote enamel-like tissue formation via the delivery of a key ameloblast inducer, T-box1 gene, into a rat dental epithelial stem cell line, HAT-7, using non-viral gene delivery systems based on cationic lipids. We comparatively assessed the lipoplexes prepared from glycyl-lysine-modified gemini surfactants and commercially available 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane lipids at three nitrogen-to phosphate (N/P) ratios of 2.5, 5 and 10. Our findings revealed that physico-chemical characteristics and biological activities of the gemini surfactant-based lipoplexes with a N/P ratio of 5 provide the most optimal outcomes among those examined. HAT-7 cells were transfected with T-box1 gene using the optimal formulation then cultured in conventional 2D cell culture systems. Ameloblast differentiation, mineralization, bio-enamel interface and structure were assessed at different time points over 28 days. Our results showed that our gemini transfection system provides superior gene expression compared to the benchmark agent, while keeping low cytotoxicity levels. T-box1-transfected HAT-7 cells strongly expressed markers of secretory and maturation stages of the ameloblasts, deposited minerals, and produced enamel-like crystals when compared to control cells. Taken together, our gemini surfactant-based T-box1 gene delivery system is effective to accelerate and guide ameloblastic differentiation of dental epithelial stem cells and promote enamel-like tissue formation. This study would represent a significant advance towards the tissue engineering and regeneration of dental enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9 SK, Canada; College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada
| | - Mays Al-Dulaymi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, S7N 5E5, SK, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada
| | - Brittany Scutchings
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, S7N 5E5, SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9 SK, Canada; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd B419, S7N 0W8, SK, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, S7N 5E5, SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9 SK, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9 SK, Canada.
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9 SK, Canada; College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada.
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11
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Dur MP, Celik N, Seven N. Evaluation of the changes in physical properties and mineral content of enamel exposed to radiation after treating with remineralization agent. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5673-5685. [PMID: 35552532 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different remineralization agents on the physical properties and elemental content of enamel exposed to radiation. MATERIAL AND METHOD The enamel surfaces of impacted third molar teeth were prepared, and six study groups were created (n = 6). Next, 60 Gy radiation was applied to each group. Between applications, each group except for the control group was treated with a different remineralization agent (sodium fluoride, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate with fluorite (CPP-ACFP), bioactive glass, or chitosan). The results were evaluated in terms of pre- and post-radiation values and the difference between the two. The paired-samples t test and analysis of variance test were used in the analysis of normally distributed hardness and roughness values, while Wilcoxon's signed ranks test, and the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used in the analysis of elemental content without normal distribution. RESULTS A statistically significant decrease was observed in microhardness measurements in all groups. Intragroup evaluation revealed a statistically significant difference between the NaF and bioactive glass groups (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups' roughness measurements (p < 0.05). Intergroup evaluation of surface roughness revealed a significant difference in the CPP-ACFP and chitosan groups (p < 0.05). Pre- and post-radiation oxygen, magnesium, and potassium levels and Ca/P ratios also differed significantly (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Radiation caused a statistically significant difference in the microhardness and elemental content of enamel. However, no significant difference was observed in enamel roughness. The applied remineralizing agents have a partial ameliorating effect on the adverse impacts of radiation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Radiation causes changes in the mechanical properties and elemental content of tooth enamel. Remineralizing agent application is a promising option in reducing the adverse effects of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Pelin Dur
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Neslihan Celik
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Seven
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Rodríguez-Chávez JA, Arenas-Alatorre JÁ, Flores-Ruiz HM, Aguilar-Pérez FJ, Flores-Ledesma A, Moreno-Vargas YA, Pesqueira-Melgarejo R. Correlation between dental enamel chemical composition and bracket debonding, comparing adhesive systems through a scanning electron microscope. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2567-2578. [PMID: 35349203 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Literature reports indicate that during bracket removal there can be enamel damage. We compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and tooth enamel loss of four adhesive systems and identify the Ca/P ratio. Then a total of 20 premolars were divided into four groups of five each. After prophylaxis, photographs were taken at 35× with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analyzed with X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) at 250×. Brackets were bonded with Transbond™ MIP(G1), Transbond™ PLUS SEP(G2), Enlight(G3) and Stylus®(G4) adhesives, 24 h after were debonded with a Instron universal testing machine at 1 mm/min. All the brackets were photographed with the SEM. The amount of lost enamel was measured with AutoCad. All the results were measured with a significance level p < .05. The SBS general average at debonding was 7.94 ± 2.26 MPa, meanwhile the SBS for G1, G2, G3 and G4 was 9.38 ± 1.46, 6.28 ± 0.69, 9.08 ± 2.45 and 7.04 ± 2.64 MPa respectively. 90% of the samples had no enamel loss, 10% had enamel loss. Only two samples in G1 presented an enamel loss area of 0.34mm2 and 0.80mm2 respectively. From EDS analysis, the Ca/P ratio was 1.6 ± 0.05, 1.61 ± 0.03, 1.64 ± 0.83 and 1.59 ± 0.07 for G1, G2, G3 and G4 respectively; no statistically significant differences were found. We conclude that no association was found between the Ca/P ratio and enamel damage when brackets are removed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hugo M Flores-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, CUValles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca, Mexico
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Aydınoğlu A, Türkcan JH, Keleşoğlu E, Hazar Yoruç AB. Development of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Containing Dental Restorative Composites. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Grohe B, Mittler S. Advanced non-fluoride approaches to dental enamel remineralization: The next level in enamel repair management. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2021; 4:100029. [PMID: 36824571 PMCID: PMC9934497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern dentistry, a minimally invasive management of early caries lesions or early-stage erosive tooth wear (ETW) with synthetic remineralization systems has become indispensable. In addition to fluoride, which is still the non-plus-ultra in these early caries/ETW treatments, a number of new developments are in the test phase or have already been commercialized. Some of these systems claim that they are comparable or even superior to fluoride in terms of their ability to remineralize enamel. Besides, their use can help avoid some of the risks associated with fluoride and support treatments of patients with a high risk of caries. Two individual non-fluoride systems can be distinguished; intrinsic and extrinsic remineralization approaches. Intrinsic (protein/peptide) systems adsorb to hydroxyapatite crystals/organics located within enamel prisms and accumulate endogenous calcium and phosphate ions from saliva, which ultimately leads to the re-growth of enamel crystals. Extrinsic remineralization systems function on the basis of the external (non-saliva) supply of calcium and phosphate to the crystals to be re-grown. This article, following an introduction into enamel (re)mineralization and fluoride-assisted remineralization, discusses the requirements for non-fluoride remineralization systems, particularly their mechanisms and challenges, and summarizes the findings that underpin the most promising advances in enamel remineralization therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Grohe
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, London, ON, N6A 4V2 Canada
| | - Silvia Mittler
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7 Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9 Canada
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Effect of Amelogenin Solution in the Microhardness of Remineralized Enamel and Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:7025910. [PMID: 34754308 PMCID: PMC8572611 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7025910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the microhardness of tooth enamel remineralized with enamel matrix protein solution as well as the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to this surface. Materials and Methods In total, 24 human premolars were selected and divided into 3 experimental groups (n = 8): SE—sound enamel, DE—demineralized enamel, and TE—demineralized enamel treated with amelogenin solution. Samples from DE and TE groups were subjected to pH cycling to induce initial artificial caries lesion. TE group was treated with amelogenin solution. Samples were placed in artificial saliva for 7 days. Knoop microhardness was measured before any intervention (T0), after pH cycling (T1) and after amelogenin solution treatment application (T2). Twenty-four hours after ceramic orthodontic brackets were bonded, samples were subjected to shear test in a universal testing machine. Microhardness and shear measurement distributions were subjected to Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, which was followed by parametric tests (α = 0.05): 2-way analysis of variance (factors: enamel condition × treatment) and Tukey posttest for all three groups (SE, DE, and TE) in T0 and T2 for microhardness; analysis of variance and Tukey's test, for shear bond strength test. Results Means recorded for Knoop microhardness in T2, for the SE (366.7 KHN) and TE (342.8 KHN) groups, were significantly higher than those recorded for the DE group (263.5 KHN). The shear bond strength of the SE (15.44 MPa) and TE (14.84 MPa) groups statistically differed from that of the DE group (11.95 MPa). Conclusion In vitro demineralized enamel treatment with amelogenin solution was capable of taking samples' hardness back to levels similar to those observed for sound enamel. The shear bond strength on the enamel subjected to this treatment was similar to that observed for healthy enamel and higher than that observed for demineralized enamel.
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A Chitosan-Agarose Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel for Biomimetic Remineralization of Dental Enamel. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081137. [PMID: 34439803 PMCID: PMC8392529 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing multifunctional systems for the biomimetic remineralization of human enamel is a challenging task, since hydroxyapatite (HAP) rod structures of tooth enamel are difficult to replicate artificially. The paper presents the first report on the simultaneous use of chitosan (CS) and agarose (A) in a biopolymer-based hydrogel for the biomimetic remineralization of an acid-etched native enamel surface during 4–10-day immersion in artificial saliva with or without (control group) fluoride. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, and microhardness tests were applied to investigate the properties of the acid-etched and remineralized dental enamel layers under A and CS-A hydrogels. The results show that all biomimetic epitaxial reconstructed layers consist mostly of a similar hierarchical HAP structure to the native enamel from nano- to microscale. An analogous Ca/P ratio (1.64) to natural tooth enamel and microhardness recovery of 77.4% of the enamel-like layer are obtained by a 7-day remineralization process in artificial saliva under CS-A hydrogels. The CS component reduced carbonation and moderated the formation of HAP nanorods in addition to providing an extracellular matrix to support growing enamel-like structures. Such activity lacked in samples exposed to A-hydrogel only. These data suggest the potential of the CS-A hydrogel in guiding the formation of hard tissues as dental enamel.
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Genovez-Júnior G, Paloco EAC, Berger SB, González AHM, Lopes MB, Amânicio DC, Guiraldo RD. Effect of Protein-Based Treatment on Chemical Composition, Hardness and Bond Strength of Remineralized Enamel. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:85-90. [PMID: 33914007 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202103438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the chemical composition and microhardness of human enamel treated with an Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) solution, and the bond strength between composite resin and this enamel. Thirty human enamel samples were randomly divided into three groups: Untouched Enamel (UE), Demineralized Enamel (DE) and Demineralized Enamel Treated with EMD (ET). DE and ET groups were subjected to acid challenge and ET treated with EMD (EMD was directly applied over conditioned enamel and left for 15 min). Samples from each group (n=4) had chemical composition assessed through to attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). Knoop microhardness of enamel samples from each group (n=10) was measured. For the microshear bond strength, the samples were etched for 30 s, and the adhesive was applied and cured for 10 s. Two matrixes were placed on the samples, filled with Filtek Z350 XT composite and cured for 20 s, each. The matrix was removed, and the microshear bond strength of each group (n=10) was tested. Data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test (for microhardness), to analysis of variance and to Tukey's test (for microshear bond strength); (α=0.05). FTIR results have shown phosphate (hydroxyapatite indicator) in 900-1200 cm-1 bands in the UE and ET groups, which were different from the DE group. Microhardness and microshear analyses recorded higher statistical values for the UE and ET groups than for DE. EMD application to demineralized enamel seems to have remineralized the enamel; thus, the microhardness and bond strength was similar between UE and ET groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Genovez-Júnior
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sandrine Bittencourt Berger
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Murilo Baena Lopes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Danil Guiraldo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Lena Sezici Y, Yetkiner E, Aykut Yetkiner A, Eden E, Attin R. Comparative evaluation of fluoride varnishes, self-assembling peptide-based remineralization agent, and enamel matrix protein derivative on artificial enamel remineralization in vitro. Prog Orthod 2021; 22:4. [PMID: 33491110 PMCID: PMC7829296 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-020-00345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most unfavorable side effects of fixed orthodontic treatment is white spot lesions (WSLs). Although the most important approach is prevention of WSLs, it is also essential to evaluate the efficacy of the remineralization agents. However, there is no concurrence in the literature with respect to the remineralization process of these agents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different fluoride varnishes, enamel matrix protein, and self-assembling peptide derivatives with varying chemical compositions on remineralization of artificially created WSLs in vitro using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Methods Artificial WSLs were created on bovine enamel samples using acidic buffer solution (pH 5, 10 days). Specimens were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 10/group): (1) Emdogain (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland), (2) Curodont Repair (Credentis AG, Switzerland), (3) Duraphat (Colgate-Palmolive, New York, NY), (4) Clinpro XT (3 M ESPE, Pymble, New South Wales, Australia), (5) Enamel Pro Varnish (Premier Dental Products, PA, USA), and (6) control (untreated). The agents were applied to the WSLs according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Fluorescence loss (ΔF), lesion area (area), and impact (ΔQ) values of enamel surfaces were quantified by QLF-D BiluminatorTM (Inspektor-Pro, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) at baseline and after 7, 14, and 21 days of application of the respective materials. Results ΔF value presented a significantly decreasing trend throughout the 21 days for all groups except the Duraphat and Enamel Pro varnishes. The changes between 14th and 21st days of the Clinpro XT varnish application were significantly higher than Emdogain, Curodont, and Enamel Pro. The Curodont group showed higher lesion area changes between the first and second week in comparison to the Emdogain, Clinpro XT, and Enamel Pro groups, whereas Clinpro XT assured the highest reduction from the second to the third week of the observation period. Conclusions The fluorescence loss was significantly reduced with enamel matrix protein, self-assembling peptide, and light-curable fluoride varnishes in the analysis for 21 days. Curodont and Clinpro XT were effective in diminishing the fluorescence loss and lesion area compared to the Duraphat, Enamel Pro fluoride varnishes, and Emdogain in different time points.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enver Yetkiner
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Arzu Aykut Yetkiner
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ece Eden
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rengin Attin
- Clinic for Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Challenges of Engineering Biomimetic Dental and Paradental Tissues. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:403-421. [PMID: 32621282 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of the dental and paradental tissues resulting from trauma, caries or from systemic diseases considered as one of the most significant and frequent clinical problem to the healthcare professionals. Great attempts have been implemented to recreate functionally, healthy dental and paradental tissues in order to substitute dead and diseased tissues resulting from secondary trauma of car accidents, congenital malformations of cleft lip and palate or due to acquired diseases such as cancer and periodontal involvements. METHOD An extensive literature search has been done on PubMed database from 2010 to 2019 about the challenges of engineering a biomimetic tooth (BioTooth) regarding basic biology of the tooth and its supporting structures, strategies, and different techniques of obtaining biological substitutes for dental tissue engineering. RESULTS It has been found that great challenges need to be considered before engineering biomimetic individual parts of the tooth such as enamel, dentin-pulp complex and periodontium. In addition, two approaches have been adopted to engineer a BioTooth. The first one was to engineer a BioTooth as an individual unit and the other was to engineer a BioTooth with its supporting structures. CONCLUSION Engineering of BioTooth with its supporting structures thought to be in the future will replace the traditional and conventional treatment modalities in the field of dentistry. To accomplish this goal, different cell lines and growth factors with a variety of scaffolds at the nano-scale level are now in use. Recent researches in this area of interest are dedicated for this objective, both in vivo and in vitro. Despite progress in this field, there are still many challenges ahead and need to be overcome, many of which related to the basic tooth biology and its supporting structures and some others related to the sophisticated techniques isolating cells, fabricating the needed scaffolds and obtaining the signaling molecules.
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Wei Y, Liu S, Xiao Z, Zhao H, Luo J, Deng X, Guo L. Enamel Repair with Amorphous Ceramics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907067. [PMID: 31930630 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-performance materials in physiological conditions to clinically repair stiff tissue for long lifespan remains a great challenge. Here, an enamel repair strategy is reported by efficiently growing a biocompatible ZrO2 ceramic layer on defective enamel through controllable hydrolysis of Zr4+ in oral-tolerable conditions. Detailed analysis of the grown layer indicates that the grown ZrO2 ceramic is amorphous without grain boundary and dislocation, which endows the repaired enamel with natural enamel comparable mechanical performance (modulus ≈82.5 GPa and hardness ≈5.2 GPa). Besides, the strong chemical connection between unsaturated coordinated Zr4+ in amorphous structure and PO4 3- greatly strengthen the crystalline-amorphous interface of the repaired enamel to endure the long-time mastication damage. Moreover, these ZrO2 ceramics provide hydrophilic, electronegative, and smooth surfaces to resist the adhesion and proliferation of cariogenic bacteria. The hybrid amorphous-crystalline interface design with advantages in biomechanical compatibility would promote the evolution of a variety of cutting-edge functional materials for medical and engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shaojia Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zuohui Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hewei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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Guentsch A, Fahmy MD, Wehrle C, Nietzsche S, Popp J, Watts DC, Kranz S, Krafft C, Sigusch BW. Effect of biomimetic mineralization on enamel and dentin: A Raman and EDX analysis. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1300-1307. [PMID: 31208774 PMCID: PMC9668404 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of an experimental biomimetic mineralization kit (BIMIN) on the chemical composition and crystallinity of caries-free enamel and dentin samples in vitro. METHODS Enamel and dentin samples from 20 human teeth (10 for enamel; 10 for dentin) were divided into a control group without treatment and test samples with BIMIN treatment. Quantitative analysis of tissue penetration of fluoride, phosphate, and calcium was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Mineralization depth was measured by Raman spectroscopy probing the symmetric valence vibration near 960cm-1 as a marker for crystallinity. EDX data was statistically analyzed using a paired t-test and Raman data was analyzed using the Student's t-test. RESULTS EDX analysis demonstrated a penetration depth of fluoride of 4.10±3.32μm in enamel and 4.31±2.67μm in dentin. Calcium infiltrated into enamel 2.65±0.64μm and into dentin 5.58±1.63μm, while the penetration depths for phosphate were 4.83±2.81μm for enamel and 6.75±3.25μm for dentin. Further, up to 25μm of a newly mineralized enamel-like layer was observed on the surface of the samples. Raman concentration curves demonstrated an increased degree of mineralization up to 5-10μm into the dentin and enamel samples. SIGNIFICANCE Biomimetic mineralization of enamel and dentin samples resulted in an increase of mineralization and a penetration of fluoride into enamel and dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Guentsch
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Germany.
| | - Mina D Fahmy
- University of Tennessee Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Constanze Wehrle
- Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Center of Electron Microscopy, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - David C Watts
- School of Dentistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefan Kranz
- Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | | | - Bernd W Sigusch
- Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Germany
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23
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El Gezawi M, Wölfle UC, Haridy R, Fliefel R, Kaisarly D. Remineralization, Regeneration, and Repair of Natural Tooth Structure: Influences on the Future of Restorative Dentistry Practice. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4899-4919. [PMID: 33455239 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the principal strategy for the treatment of carious defects involves cavity preparations followed by the restoration of natural tooth structure with a synthetic material of inferior biomechanical and esthetic qualities and with questionable long-term clinical reliability of the interfacial bonds. Consequently, prevention and minimally invasive dentistry are considered basic approaches for the preservation of sound tooth structure. Moreover, conventional periodontal therapies do not always ensure predictable outcomes or completely restore the integrity of the periodontal ligament complex that has been lost due to periodontitis. Much effort and comprehensive research have been undertaken to mimic the natural development and biomineralization of teeth to regenerate and repair natural hard dental tissues and restore the integrity of the periodontium. Regeneration of the dentin-pulp tissue has faced several challenges, starting with the basic concerns of clinical applicability. Recent technologies and multidisciplinary approaches in tissue engineering and nanotechnology, as well as the use of modern strategies for stem cell recruitment, synthesis of effective biodegradable scaffolds, molecular signaling, gene therapy, and 3D bioprinting, have resulted in impressive outcomes that may revolutionize the practice of restorative dentistry. This Review covers the current approaches and technologies for remineralization, regeneration, and repair of natural tooth structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz El Gezawi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34221, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uta Christine Wölfle
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rasha Haridy
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt
| | - Riham Fliefel
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Dalia Kaisarly
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt
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24
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Liang K, Wang S, Tao S, Xiao S, Zhou H, Wang P, Cheng L, Zhou X, Weir MD, Oates TW, Li J, Xu HHK. Dental remineralization via poly(amido amine) and restorative materials containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:15. [PMID: 31068570 PMCID: PMC6506538 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth decay is prevalent, and secondary caries causes restoration failures, both of which are related to demineralization. There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic materials with remineralization functions. This article represents the first review on the cutting edge research of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) in combination with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). PAMAM was excellent nucleation template, and could absorb calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions via its functional groups to activate remineralization. NACP composite and adhesive showed acid-neutralization and Ca and P ion release capabilities. PAMAM+NACP together showed synergistic effects and produced triple benefits: excellent nucleation templates, superior acid-neutralization, and ions release. Therefore, the PAMAM+NACP strategy possessed much greater remineralization capacity than using PAMAM or NACP alone. PAMAM+NACP achieved dentin remineralization even in an acidic solution without any initial Ca and P ions. Besides, the long-term remineralization capability of PAMAM+NACP was established. After prolonged fluid challenge, the immersed PAMAM with the recharged NACP still induced effective dentin mineral regeneration. Furthermore, the hardness of pre-demineralized dentin was increased back to that of healthy dentin, indicating a complete remineralization. Therefore, the novel PAMAM+NACP approach is promising to provide long-term therapeutic effects including tooth remineralization, hardness increase, and caries-inhibition capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suping Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics & Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shimeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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25
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Pandya M, Diekwisch TGH. Enamel biomimetics-fiction or future of dentistry. Int J Oral Sci 2019. [PMID: 30610185 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0038-6,1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth enamel is a complex mineralized tissue consisting of long and parallel apatite crystals configured into decussating enamel rods. In recent years, multiple approaches have been introduced to generate or regenerate this highly attractive biomaterial characterized by great mechanical strength paired with relative resilience and tissue compatibility. In the present review, we discuss five pathways toward enamel tissue engineering, (i) enamel synthesis using physico-chemical means, (ii) protein matrix-guided enamel crystal growth, (iii) enamel surface remineralization, (iv) cell-based enamel engineering, and (v) biological enamel regeneration based on de novo induction of tooth morphogenesis. So far, physical synthesis approaches using extreme environmental conditions such as pH, heat and pressure have resulted in the formation of enamel-like crystal assemblies. Biochemical methods relying on enamel proteins as templating matrices have aided the growth of elongated calcium phosphate crystals. To illustrate the validity of this biochemical approach we have successfully grown enamel-like apatite crystals organized into decussating enamel rods using an organic enamel protein matrix. Other studies reviewed here have employed amelogenin-derived peptides or self-assembling dendrimers to re-mineralize mineral-depleted white lesions on tooth surfaces. So far, cell-based enamel tissue engineering has been hampered by the limitations of presently existing ameloblast cell lines. Going forward, these limitations may be overcome by new cell culture technologies. Finally, whole-tooth regeneration through reactivation of the signaling pathways triggered during natural enamel development represents a biological avenue toward faithful enamel regeneration. In the present review we have summarized the state of the art in enamel tissue engineering and provided novel insights into future opportunities to regenerate this arguably most fascinating of all dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirali Pandya
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas G H Diekwisch
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Tooth enamel is a complex mineralized tissue consisting of long and parallel apatite crystals configured into decussating enamel rods. In recent years, multiple approaches have been introduced to generate or regenerate this highly attractive biomaterial characterized by great mechanical strength paired with relative resilience and tissue compatibility. In the present review, we discuss five pathways toward enamel tissue engineering, (i) enamel synthesis using physico-chemical means, (ii) protein matrix-guided enamel crystal growth, (iii) enamel surface remineralization, (iv) cell-based enamel engineering, and (v) biological enamel regeneration based on de novo induction of tooth morphogenesis. So far, physical synthesis approaches using extreme environmental conditions such as pH, heat and pressure have resulted in the formation of enamel-like crystal assemblies. Biochemical methods relying on enamel proteins as templating matrices have aided the growth of elongated calcium phosphate crystals. To illustrate the validity of this biochemical approach we have successfully grown enamel-like apatite crystals organized into decussating enamel rods using an organic enamel protein matrix. Other studies reviewed here have employed amelogenin-derived peptides or self-assembling dendrimers to re-mineralize mineral-depleted white lesions on tooth surfaces. So far, cell-based enamel tissue engineering has been hampered by the limitations of presently existing ameloblast cell lines. Going forward, these limitations may be overcome by new cell culture technologies. Finally, whole-tooth regeneration through reactivation of the signaling pathways triggered during natural enamel development represents a biological avenue toward faithful enamel regeneration. In the present review we have summarized the state of the art in enamel tissue engineering and provided novel insights into future opportunities to regenerate this arguably most fascinating of all dental tissues. Five pathways for tooth enamel engineering hold great promise for developing new technologies, leading to novel biomaterials and biotechnologies to regenerate enamel tissue. Tooth enamel is a unique tissue-specific biomaterial with exceptional structural and mechanical properties. In recent years, many approaches have been adopted to generate or regenerate this complex tissue; Mirali Pandya and Thomas Diekwisch of Texas A&M College of Dentistry, USA conducted a review of the current state and future directions of enamel tissue engineering. In their review, the authors focused on five pathways for enamel tissue engineering: (1) physical synthesis of enamel; (2) biochemical enamel engineering; (3) in situ enamel engineering; (4) cell-based enamel engineering; and (5) whole tooth regeneration. The authors conclude that those five approaches will help identify the biological mechanisms that lead to the generation of tooth enamel.
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27
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Abstract
Background: Minimally invasive dentistry aims to prevent progression of caries and treats non-cavitated lesions through non-invasive approaches to preserve the integrity of tooth structure. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible biomimetic effect of agarose hydrogel in remineralizing a human demineralized enamel model. Methods: Mandibular third molars were distributed into three groups (G1, G2 and G3) according to the follow up time (2, 4 and 6 days respectively). Caries like lesion was prepared by applying 37% phosphoric acid gel for 1 minute and then remineralization was performed through applying agarose hydrogel on the demineralized surfaces. The specimens were placed in phosphate solution at 37˚C for 2, 4 & 6 days. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface microhardness (SMH) and surface roughness analysis (SR) were performed to assess the regenerated tissue. Results: SEM revealed mineral depositions on the demineralized enamel surface that increased in density by time resulting in a relatively smooth surface in G3. SR and SMH analysis revealed significant differences between the remineralized enamel surfaces of different groups (p< 0.00001) with the highest SR in G1 and the highest SMH in G3. Conclusions: Agarose hydrogel application is a promising approach to treat early carious lesion. Further studies are needed to clarify the stability of agarose hydrogels in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara El Moshy
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Marwa M.S. Abbass
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Amal M. El-Motayam
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
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28
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Le Norcy E, Lesieur J, Sadoine J, Rochefort GY, Chaussain C, Poliard A. Phosphorylated and Non-phosphorylated Leucine Rich Amelogenin Peptide Differentially Affect Ameloblast Mineralization. Front Physiol 2018; 9:55. [PMID: 29472869 PMCID: PMC5809816 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Leucine Rich Amelogenin Peptide (LRAP) is a product of alternative splicing of the amelogenin gene. As full length amelogenin, LRAP has been shown, in precipitation experiments, to regulate hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystal formation depending on its phosphorylation status. However, very few studies have questioned the impact of its phosphorylation status on enamel mineralization in biological models. Therefore, we have analyzed the effect of phosphorylated (+P) or non-phosphorylated (−P) LRAP on enamel formation in ameloblast-like cell lines and ex vivo cultures of murine postnatal day 1 molar germs. To this end, the mineral formed was analyzed by micro-computed tomography, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Selected Area Electon Diffraction imaging. Amelogenin gene transcription was evaluated by qPCR analysis. Our data show that, in both cells and germ cultures, LRAP is able to induce an up-regulation of amelogenin transcription independently of its phosphorylation status. Mineral formation is promoted by LRAP(+P) in all models, while LRAP(–P) essentially affects HAP crystal formation through an increase in crystal length and organization in ameloblast-like cells. Altogether, these data suggest a differential effect of LRAP depending on its phosphorylation status and on the ameloblast stage at the time of treatment. Therefore, LRAP isoforms can be envisioned as potential candidates for treatment of enamel lesions or defects and their action should be further evaluated in pathological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Le Norcy
- EA2496 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes USPC, Paris, France.,APHP, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service d'Odontologie, Paris, France
| | - Julie Lesieur
- EA2496 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes USPC, Paris, France
| | - Jeremy Sadoine
- EA2496 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes USPC, Paris, France
| | - Gaël Y Rochefort
- EA2496 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes USPC, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA2496 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes USPC, Paris, France.,APHP, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service d'Odontologie, Paris, France
| | - Anne Poliard
- EA2496 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes USPC, Paris, France
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29
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Ding C, Chen Z, Li J. From molecules to macrostructures: recent development of bioinspired hard tissue repair. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1435-1449. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00247e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the bioinspired strategies for hard tissue repair, ranging from molecule-induced mineralization, to microscale assembly to macroscaffold fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Zhuoxin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
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30
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Abstract
Biomimetic mineralisation is an alternative restorative methodology that imitates the natural process of mineralisation. We aimed to systematically review the laboratory methods on the biomimetic mineralisation of demineralised enamel. A search in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ISI Web of Science databases was performed. Clinical trials, reviews, non-English articles, animal teeth, non-tooth substrates, and irrelevant studies were excluded. After screening the titles and abstracts of initially searched articles, 20 papers remained for full-text analysis. Eight articles were identified from the references of the remaining papers. A total of 28 studies were included in this systematic review. We found that protein or protein analogues were used to mimic the function of natural protein in 23 studies. Bioactive components inspired by mussel, an agarose hydrogel model, a glycerine-enriched gelatine technique, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, were also used for biomimetic mineralisation of enamel. These laboratory studies reported success in the biomimetic mineralisation of enamel. Potential further research on the biomimetic mineralisation of enamel was discussed.
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31
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Shafiei F, Hossein BG, Farajollahi MM, Fathollah M, Marjan B, Tahereh JK. Leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP) as a surface primer for biomimetic remineralization of superficial enamel defects: An in vitro study. SCANNING 2015; 37:179-185. [PMID: 25676352 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to obtain more information about the assembly of hydroxyapatite bundles formed in the presence of Leucine-Rich Amelogenin Peptide (LRAP) and to evaluate its effect on the remineralization of enamel defects through a biomimetic approach. One or 2 mg/mL LRAP solutions containing 2.5 mM of Ca(+2) and 1.5 mM phosphate were prepared (pH = 7.2) and stored at 37 °C for 24 h. The products of the reaction were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Vickers surface microhardness recovery (SMR%) of acid-etched bovine enamel, with or without LRAP surface treatment, were calculated to evaluate the influence of peptide on the lesion remineralization. Distilled water and 1 or 2 mg/mL LRAP solution (pH = 7.2) were applied on the lesions and the specimens were incubated in mineralization solution (2.5mM Ca(+2) , 1.5mM PO4 (-3) , pH = 7.2) for 24 h. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multi-comparison tests were used for statistical analysis. The pattern of enamel surface repair was studied using FE-SEM. AFM showed the formation of highly organized hierarchical structures, composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, similar to the dental enamel microstructure. ANOVA procedure showed significant effect of peptide treatment on the calculated SMR% (p < 0.001). Tukey's test revealed that peptide treated groups had significantly higher values of SMR%. In conclusion, LRAP is able to regulate the formation of HA and enhances the remineralization of acid-etched enamel as a surface treatment agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shafiei
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Northern Kargar str., Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagheri G Hossein
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Northern Kargar str., Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine/Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moztarzadeh Fathollah
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Biomaterials Group, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez str., Tehran, Iran
| | - Behroozibakhsh Marjan
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Northern Kargar str., Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafarzadeh Kashi Tahereh
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Research Center for Science and Technology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Northern Kargar str., Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran
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