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Fathi A, Natanzian Y, Ghorbani M, Mosharraf R. Evaluation of the Bonding Shear Strength between Enamel and Dentin Feldspathic Porcelain and Two Different Monolithic Zirconia with Low and High Translucency. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:5921637. [PMID: 39148645 PMCID: PMC11326879 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5921637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The utilization of ceramics in the field of dentistry has seen a significant rise owing to their esthetic appeal and excellent functional properties. The use of ceramics in the field of dentistry has witnessed a notable surge, driven by their appealing esthetics and exceptional functional attributes. Zirconia, distinguished by its exceptional mechanical strength, plays a pivotal role in the fabrication of posterior crowns and bridges. Among zirconia variants, monolithic zirconia stands out, where the entire restoration is crafted from zirconia material. In parallel, feldspathic porcelain, chosen for its remarkable resemblance to natural tooth enamel, represents another significant ceramic type. This study aims to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) between two types of monolithic zirconia with two types of feldspathic porcelain. Methods and Materials Forty-four monolithic zirconia veneered discs with feldspathic porcelain were subjected to SBS testing. The dimensions of the discs were 7 mm in diameter and 5 mm in height (3 mm of zirconia and 2 mm of porcelain). Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure occurred. The type of failure was examined using scanning electron microscopy. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), two-way ANOVA, Fisher's test, and multiple Tukey comparisons were used as statistical analyses. Results The highest SBS was achieved by the high-translucency monolithic zirconia with enamel porcelain group (18.81 ± 3.18 MPa) and the high-translucency monolithic zirconia with dentin porcelain group (17.89 ± 2.75 MPa), followed by the low-translucency monolithic zirconia with dentin porcelain group (15.04 ± 2.24 MPa) and the low-translucency monolithic zirconia with enamel porcelain group (14.33 ± 2.00 MPa), respectively. Additionally, the most common type of failure pattern observed was mixed, followed by adhesive failure. Conclusion The translucency of the porcelain did not significantly affect SBS, while the type of monolithic zirconia used had a significant impact. Furthermore, there was no discernible relationship between the four groups in terms of the distribution of failure patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Fathi
- Department of Prosthodontics Dental Materials Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Natanzian
- Dental Students' Research Committee School of Dentistry Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghorbani
- School of Dentistry Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Mosharraf
- Department of Prosthodontics Dental Materials Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dokuzlu SN, Subaşı MG. Effect of sintering programs and surface treatments on monolithic zirconia. J Adv Prosthodont 2024; 16:25-37. [PMID: 38455679 PMCID: PMC10917628 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2024.16.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of sintering programs and surface treatments on surface properties, phase transformation and flexural strength of monolithic zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zirconia specimens were sintered using three distinct sintering programs [classic (C), speed (S), and superspeed (SS)] (n = 56, each). One sample from each group underwent scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and grain size analysis following sintering. Remaining samples were divided into five subgroups (n = 11) based on the surface treatments: control (CL), polish (P), glaze (G), grind + polish (GP), and grind + glaze (GG). One sample from each subgroup underwent SEM analysis. Remaining samples were thermally aged. Monoclinic phase volume, surface roughness, and three-point flexural strength were measured. Monoclinic phase volume and surface roughness were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. Flexural strength was analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Weibull analysis. The relationships among the groups were analyzed using Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS Sintering program, surface treatment, and sintering × surface treatment (P ≤ .010) affected the monoclinic phase volume, whereas the type of surface treatment and sintering × surface treatment affected the surface roughness (P < .001). Type of sintering program or surface treatment did not affect the flexural strength. Weibull analysis revealed no significant differences between the m and σo values. Monoclinic phase volume was positively correlated with surface roughness in the SGG and SSP groups. CONCLUSION After sintering monolithic zirconia in each of the three sintering programs, each of the surface treatments can be used. However, for surface quality and aging resistance, G or GG can be recommended as a surface finishing method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meryem Gülce Subaşı
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri University, Kütahya, Turkey
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Koenig V, Douillard T, Chevalier J, Amiard F, Lamy de la Chapelle M, Le Goff S, Vanheusden A, Dardenne N, Wulfman C, Mainjot A. Intraoral low-temperature degradation of monolithic zirconia dental prostheses: 5-year results of a prospective clinical study with ex vivo monitoring. Dent Mater 2024; 40:198-209. [PMID: 37951752 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the 5-year intraoral evolution and kinetics of low-temperature degradation (LTD) of second-generation monolithic prostheses made of 3% molar yttrium-doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) and the influence of masticatory mechanical stresses and glaze layer on this evolution. METHODS A total of 101 posterior tooth elements were included in this prospective clinical study, which comprised ex vivo LTD monitoring (at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years) using Raman spectroscopy (n = 2640 monoclinic phase measurement points per evaluation time) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Four types of areas (1-2 mm2 surface, six on molars, and four on premolars) were analysed on each element surface: occlusal, axial, glazed, or unglazed. Raman mapping, high-resolution SEM, and focused ion beam-SEM were performed on selected samples. RESULTS The dental prostheses developed a tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation at the extreme surface of the material after six months in a buccal environment, and this process increased significantly over time. Over the five years of monitoring, the transformation developed nonuniformly with the presence of localised clusters of monoclinic grains. Tribological stresses generate grain pull-out from these clusters, which may raise questions regarding the release of 3Y-TZP nanoparticles into the body. The prosthesis fracture rate was 4.5% after 5 years. SIGNIFICANCE LTD developed in vivo on the surfaces of 3Y-TZP dental prostheses and progressed slowly but significantly over time, up to 5 years investigation. However, the effects of aging on the failure rate recorded and of zirconia nanoparticles released into the body require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Koenig
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), University of Liège (ULiège), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège 4020, Belgium; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège 4020, Belgium
| | - T Douillard
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J Chevalier
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - F Amiard
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM - UMR6283), Université du Mans, avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Cedex 9 Le Mans, France
| | - M Lamy de la Chapelle
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM - UMR6283), Université du Mans, avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Cedex 9 Le Mans, France
| | - S Le Goff
- Unité de Recherches en Biomatériaux Innovants et Interfaces (URB2i) - EA4462, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Montrouge 92120, France
| | - A Vanheusden
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), University of Liège (ULiège), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège 4020, Belgium; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège 4020, Belgium
| | - N Dardenne
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - C Wulfman
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), University of Liège (ULiège), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège 4020, Belgium; Unité de Recherches en Biomatériaux Innovants et Interfaces (URB2i) - EA4462, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Montrouge 92120, France
| | - A Mainjot
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), University of Liège (ULiège), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège 4020, Belgium; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège 4020, Belgium.
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Huang Y, Wang J, Zhu L, Liu L, Gao S. The optimal design and three-dimensional finite element analysis of CAD/CAM integrated roach attachment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23283. [PMID: 38205291 PMCID: PMC10776949 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effect of different designs of movable parts and prosthetic materials on the stress distribution of supporting tissues in mandibular free end dentition defects using three-dimensional finite element analysis of digital Roach attachments. Material and methods A 3D model of a patient with Kennedy class I mandibular edentulous conditions was generated, and twelve prosthesis models were applied, combining two designs of removable parts and six types of CAD/CAM restorative materials with different elastic modulus (conventional zirconia, ultra-translucent zirconia, Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Lithium disilicate, Nanoceramic resin, and resin composite (Paradigm MZ100, 3 M ESPE)). The stress distribution of abutment periodontal ligament, edentulousmucosa, and junction of attachment were analyzed using finite element analysis. Results The stress value of the buccal neck of the periodontal ligament and the maximum compressive stress of the distal periodontal ligament of the design with clasp arms were higher than those without clasp arms, while the stress on the junction of attachment and the displacement of the mucosa in the edentulous area were smaller. Restorative materials with high elastic modulus, such as conventional zirconia and ultra-translucent zirconia, are recommended to be used as the fixed part of Roach attachment. Conclusion CAD/CAM Roach attachments with clasp arms are recommended for the protection of mucosal soft tissue. Restorative materials with high elastic modulus, such as conventional zirconia and ultra-translucent zirconia, are recommended as the fixed part of Roach attachment for patients with free end defect of mandibular dentition. Clinical significance This study provides references for the design with clasp arms and the selection of clinical fixed-movable prosthetic materials. Clinicians should consider the design of attachments and selection of appropriate manufacturing materials carefully to avoid negative impacts on patients' periodontal support tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liren Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Albakri IA, AlHorani Z, Hatamleh M, Al-Omari WM. Evaluation of Shade Reproducibility and Mechanical Properties of Preshaded and Manually Shaded Monolithic Zirconia. Oper Dent 2024; 49:110-116. [PMID: 38180471 DOI: 10.2341/23-016-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of manual coloring of blank monolithic zirconia blocks of four materials on their shade reproducibility, flexural strength, and surface roughness as compared with preshaded blocks of the same material. METHODS AND MATERIALS Eight disc-shaped specimens (diameter=12mm; height=2mm) and eight bar-shaped specimens (25×2×2 mm) were milled from the shaded and non-shaded blocks of the four zirconia systems: Ceramill, Kerox, White Peaks, and Dental Direkt. In total, 128 specimens were fabricated. The non-shaded specimens of each system were coloured according to A2 shade. The surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a contact profilometer. Color difference was calculated according to the CIEDE2000 formula. The bar-shaped specimens were loaded to fracture following three-point bend testing at 1 mm/minute crosshead speed. Data were analysed following one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Tukey post-hoc test (p=0.05). RESULTS Manual-coloring affected the surface roughness, color difference, and flexural strength of three materials in comparison to their preshaded blocks (p<0.05). White Peaks was not affected (p>0.05). Ra values ranged from 1.1-1.9; three materials were not affected (p>0.05). Kerox preshaded blocks were the smoothest (p<0.05) but became the roughest once colored (p<0.05). White Peaks and Dental Direkt materials had preshaded blocks matching the A2 guide-tab (p>0.05). DE was perceptible and unacceptable for the preshaded and manually shaded blocks of all materials tested (ΔE>1.8). While manual coloring reduced flexural strength of Ceramill and Dental Direkt (p<0.05), flexural strength was retained by Kerox and White Peaks (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS White Peaks was not affected by the coloring technique. Coloring had negative effects on Ceramill flexural strength and color reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Albakri
- *Isra' Abdelkarim Moh'd Albakri, MPhiL, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-Jordan
| | - Z AlHorani
- Zaid AlHourani, PhD, associate professor, Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-Jordan
| | - M Hatamleh
- Muhanad Hatamleh, PhD, professor, Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-Jordan
| | - W M Al-Omari
- Wael M Al-Omari, PhD, professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid-Jordan
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Adabo GL, Longhini D, Baldochi MR, Bergamo ETP, Bonfante EA. Reliability and lifetime of lithium disilicate, 3Y-TZP, and 5Y-TZP zirconia crowns with different occlusal thicknesses. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05001-6. [PMID: 37022529 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the probability of survival of crowns made with a 3Y-TZP, a 5Y-TZP, and a lithium disilicate. MATERIALS AND METHODS CAD-CAM premolar crowns with occlusal thicknesses of 1.0 mm or 1.5 mm and cemented on a metal dye. Step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT) was performed to access the use level probability Weibull curves and reliability were calculated for the completion of a mission of 100,000 cycles at 300 to 1200 N. RESULTS All ceramics showed a high probability of survival (87-99%) at 300 N, irrespective of thickness. 3Y-TZP shows no significant decrease in the probability of survival up to 1200 N (83-96%). Lithium disilicate presented lower reliability than zirconia under the 600 N mission. 5Y-TZP showed lower reliability than 3Y-TZP at 1200 N. There was no significant difference in the Weibull modulus (3.23-7.12). 3Y-TZP had the highest characteristic strength (2483-2972 N), followed by 5Y-TZP (1512-1547 N) and lithium disilicate (971-1154 N). CONCLUSION Zirconia ceramics have a high probability of survival (up to 900 N-load), while lithium disilicate survives up to 300 N load only, irrespective of the thickness (1.0 mm or 1.5 mm). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The probability of survival of posterior crowns made with zirconia ceramics resists extreme loads while glass ceramics resist normal chewing loads. In addition, crowns with thinner occlusal face showed sufficient mechanical behavior.
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Grants
- 2016/09640-0, 2012/19078-7, 2021/06730-7, EMU 2016/18818-8, 2019/08693-1 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- 2016/09640-0, 2012/19078-7, 2021/06730-7, EMU 2016/18818-8, 2019/08693-1 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- 2016/09640-0, 2012/19078-7, 2021/06730-7, EMU 2016/18818-8, 2019/08693-1 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Finance Code 001 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Finance Code 001 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- 307255/2021-2 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelson Luis Adabo
- School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Longhini
- School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Mechanical Properties of Translucent Zirconia: An In Vitro Study. PROSTHESIS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: The introduction of translucent zirconia has improved mimetics: nevertheless, a reduction in the mechanical performance was registered. The study aim was to investigate the mechanical characteristics of a high-translucent zirconia used for monolithic restorations before and after the aging process compared to a low-translucent zirconia. Methods: A total of 23 specimens were used in the present study. Group A (n = 10) was made of a high-translucent Y-TZP; group B (n = 7) was made of a low-translucent Y-TZP and finally group C (n = 6) was an aged high-translucent Y-TZP. Flexural strength, fracture toughness, brittleness, microcrack’s propagation and grain size were analyzed. Results: The Vickers hardness was: 1483 ± 187 MPa (group C); 1102 ± 392 MPa (group A); 1284 ± 32 MPa (group B). The flexural strength was: 440 (±96.2) MPa (group C); 427 (±59.5) MPa (group A); 805 (±198.4) MPa (group B). The fracture toughness was: 5.1 (±0.7) MPa.m1/2 (group C); 4.9 (±0.9) MPa.m1/2 (group A); 8.9 (±1.1) MPa.m1/2 (group B). The brittleness was: 295 (±42.8) (group C), 230.9 (±46.4) (group A) and 144.9 (±20.3) (group B). The grain size was: 2.75 (±1.2) µm2 (group A); 0.16 (±0.05) µm2 (group B); 3.04 (±1.1) µm2 (group C). Conclusions: The significant reduction in the mechanical properties of high-translucent zirconia, compared to the traditional one, suggests their use in the anterior/lateral area (up to premolars).
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Singh RG, Lyons KM, Waddell JN, Li KC. Effect of thermocycling on the mechanical properties, inorganic particle release and low temperature degradation of glazed high translucent monolithic 3Y-TZP dental restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105495. [PMID: 36208582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The influence of thermocycling on the surface deterioration of glazed monolithic high translucent 3Y-TZP dental restorations is still unclear. The purpose of this study therefore was to evaluate low temperature degradation (LTD), elemental release and surface degradation pattern after five years of simulated clinical time. A total of 123 specimens were prepared from second-generation high translucent 3Y-TZP as per ISO 6872:2015 standards (3 mm × 4 mm × 30 mm). They were classified as per glazing and thermocycling protocol; group CPT, DGT and IGT. Glaze materials were applied on one surface of the specimen and subjected to a thermocycling in artificial saliva, four-point bending test, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Flexural strength, characteristic strength and Weibull modulus values were derived from four-point bending test. Descriptive fractographic analysis of surfaces was conducted to observe the surface degradation characteristics and point of failure. Control/no glaze with thermocycling (CPT = 621.5, 1σ = 117.0 MPa) presented higher flexural strength values compared to glaze I with thermocycling (442.4, 1σ = 45.4 MPa) and glaze II with thermocycling (534.3, 1σ = 46.3 MPa). Characteristic strength from Weibull analysis also observed higher values (669.2 MPa) for the control specimens. XRD analysis showed that monoclinic volume fraction (Vm = 11.0, 1σ = 0.7%) was highest in control specimens. Fractographic analysis suggested that there was no correlation between the point of failure initiation and mean flexural strength values. Glazing protected the high translucent 3Y-TZP surface against LTD during thermocycling but negatively impacted on the flexural strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Gaurav Singh
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Karl Michael Lyons
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - John Neil Waddell
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Kai Chun Li
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
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Elraggal A, Aboushelib M, Abdel Raheem IM, Afifi RR. Effect of surface treatments on biaxial flexural strength, fatigue resistance, and fracture toughness of high versus low translucency zirconia. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:412. [PMID: 36123676 PMCID: PMC9487058 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical surface treatments can deteriorate the mechanical properties of zirconia. This study evaluated and compared the biaxial flexural strength, fracture toughness, and fatigue resistance of high translucency (HT) to low translucency (LT) zirconia after various mechanical surface treatments. METHODS Four hundred eighty zirconia discs were prepared by milling and sintering two HT (Katana and BruxZir) and LT (Cercon and Lava) zirconia blocks at targeted dimensions of 12 mm diameter × 1.2 mm thickness. Sintered zirconia discs received one of the following surface treatments: low-pressure airborne particle abrasion (APA) using 50 µm alumina particles, grinding using 400 grit silicon carbide paper, while as-sintered specimens served as control. Internal structure and surface roughness were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a non-contact laser profilometer, respectively. Half of the discs were tested for initial biaxial flexural strength, while the rest was subjected to 106 cyclic fatigue loadings, followed by measuring the residual biaxial flexural strength. Fractured surfaces were examined for critical size defects (c) using SEM to calculate the fracture toughness (KIC). The effect of surface treatments, zirconia type, and cyclic fatigue on the biaxial flexural strength was statistically analyzed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Weibull analysis was done to evaluate the reliability of the flexural strength for different materials. RESULTS The initial biaxial flexural strength of LT zirconia was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that of HT zirconia in all groups. While low APA significantly increased the biaxial flexural strength of LT zirconia, no significant change was observed for HT zirconia except for Katana. Surface grinding and cyclic fatigue significantly reduced the flexural strength of all groups. High translucency zirconia reported higher fracture toughness, yet with lower Weibull moduli, compared to LT zirconia. CONCLUSION LT zirconia has higher biaxial flexural strength, yet with lower fracture toughness and fatigue resistance, compared to HT zirconia. Low-pressure APA has significantly increased the biaxial flexural strength in all zirconia groups except BruxZir. Grinding was deteriorating to biaxial flexural strength and fracture toughness in all zirconia types. Cyclic fatigue has significantly decreased the biaxial flexural strength and reliability of HT and LT zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin Elraggal
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa Aboushelib
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Islam M. Abdel Raheem
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania R. Afifi
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Retrospective 1- to 8-Year Follow-Up Study of Complete Oral Rehabilitation Using Monolithic Zirconia Restorations with Increased Vertical Dimension of Occlusion in Patients with Bruxism. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185314. [PMID: 36142961 PMCID: PMC9505144 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this paper is to perform a retrospective assessment of the clinical performance of the complete oral rehabilitation of patients with bruxism treated with implants and teeth-supported veneered and non-veneered monolithic zirconia restorations with increased occlusal vertical dimension. Methods: In this retrospective follow-up study, 16 bruxer patients, mean age 59.5 ± 14.9 years, were treated with 152 veneered and 229 non-veneered monolithic zirconia and followed for a mean of 58.8 ± 18.8 months (range 1–8 years). The patients were examined clinically and radiographically, annually. Clinical data were extracted from the medical records. In the recall appointments, modified California Dental Association (CDA) criteria were used to evaluate the restorations. Implant and restoration survival and success rates were recorded and analyzed. Results: The cumulative survival rates of implants and restorations were 97.7% and 97.6%, respectively. Nine restorations were replaced: three due to horizontal tooth fractures, two because of implant failure and four had secondary caries. A total of 43 biologic and technical complications were recorded. In the veneered group, the predominant complication was minor veneer chipping (16.4%), which required polishing only (grade 1). In the non-veneered group, the main complication was open proximal contacts between the implant restorations and adjacent teeth (14.5%). Conclusions: The survival rates of restorations and implants in patients with bruxism are excellent, even though veneered zirconia restoration exhibited a high rate of minor veneer chipping, which required polishing only. The biologic complication of fractured single-tooth abutment may occur.
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Heidari N, Amawi R, Seweryniak P, Bakitian F, Vult von Steyern P. Fracture Resistance and Fracture Behaviour of Monolithic Multi-Layered Translucent Zirconia Fixed Dental Prostheses with Different Placing Strategies of Connector: An in vitro Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2022; 14:61-69. [PMID: 35345450 PMCID: PMC8957397 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s344941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of different placing strategies performed in the connector area on fracture resistance and fracture behaviour of monolithic multi-layered translucent zirconia fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Materials and Methods Thirty 3-unit monolithic FDPs were produced and divided into three groups (n = 10) based on the different strategies for placing the connector area of FDPs in multi-layered zirconia blank with varying contents of yttria ranging from 4 to 5 mol%. The groups were as follows: FDPs with connectors placed in dentin layer with 4 mol% yttria content, FDPs with connectors placed in gradient layer, and FDPs with connectors placed in translucent layer with 5 mol% yttria content. A final group (n = 10) of conventional monolithic zirconia with a monolayer of yttria content (4 mol%) has been used as a control group. The specimens were artificially aged using thermocycling and pre-loading procedures and subsequently loaded to fracture using a universal testing machine. Fracture loads and fracture behaviour were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Fisher’s exact tests and statistically evaluated (p ≤ 0.05). Results There were no significant differences in fracture loads among the groups based on the placing strategies of the connector area of the FDPs in the multi-layered translucent zirconia blank (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in fracture loads between monolithic multi-layered translucent zirconia and conventional monolithic translucent zirconia materials (p > 0.05). Fracture behaviour of FDPs with connector area placed in translucent layer differed significantly compared to FDPs with connector area placed in dentin layer and FDPs in control group (p = 0.004). Conclusion The placing strategies of the connector used in the computer aided design and manufacturing procedures do not considerably affect fracture resistance of monolithic FDPs made of multi-layered translucent zirconia. Monolithic FDPs made of multi-layered translucent zirconia show comparable strength to FDPs made of conventional translucent zirconia, but with different fracture behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Heidari
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rasha Amawi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Fahad Bakitian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Corcodel N, Herpel C, Rammelsberg P, Rion K, Seceleanu I. Effect of grinding on the optical properties of monolithic zirconia. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:942-950. [PMID: 35274430 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to analyze the color infiltration in monolithic zirconia after grinding, which plays an essential role in the color stability of restorations after occlusal adjustment. METHODS One hundred and eight white zirconia plates (36 Dentsply Sirona-Cercon high translucency [C], 36 Zirkonzahn-Prettau [P], 36 Zirkonzahn-Prettau anterior [Pa]) were stained by infiltration with target colors Vita A2, A3.5, and A4. In a standardized experimental setup, all plates were grinded in nine successive steps (from baseline to 500 μm), and color was measured with a spectroradiometer at each grinding step. Color differences ΔE00 between initial color and after each grinding step were calculated. The data was analyzed using regression, Kruskal-Wallis test, inverse prediction, and simultaneous 95%-confidence intervals. RESULTS Grinding had a significant effect on color stability across all zirconia types and target colors (p < 0.001). At each cut level and target color, ΔE00 means for groups C, P, and Pa were statistically different (p < 0.05). Among the three zirconia types, Pa had the lowest ΔE00 mean score for cut levels 20-100 μm for A2 and between 50 and 300 μm for A3.5 and A4. For all other cut levels, differences between Pa and P were not significant (α = 0.05). C had the largest mean ΔE00 except for A4 until 100 μm, where it was second best. CONCLUSION Zirconia type had a significant effect on the color infiltration depth across all target colors. Pa showed the best color stability until 150 μm material reduction, whereas C presented significantly less color stability than the other two zirconia materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Color stability is important for minimizing the risk of restoration failure due to unacceptable color changes after grinding. Pa is less susceptible to color change and has an additional buffer of 60 μm until exceeding the color acceptability threshold. When higher flexural strength is needed, P is to be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Corcodel
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Herpel
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Rammelsberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Rion
- Department of Mathematics, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Irina Seceleanu
- Department of Mathematics, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
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Hajhamid B, Alfrisany N, Somogyi-Ganss E. The effect of accelerated aging on crystalline structures and optical properties of different monolithic zirconia: A qualitative systematic review. Dent Mater 2022; 38:569-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Al-Surkhi O, Hamad Z. Influence of firing temperature and duration on the hardness of dental zirconia for optimum selection of sintering conditions. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221114218. [PMID: 35876066 DOI: 10.1177/22808000221114218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to optimize the properties of dental zirconia, the sintering process involves firing zirconia to elevated temperatures for an extended time that can take several hours. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of firing temperature and firing duration on the hardness of dental zirconia to indicate the optimum sintering conditions. METHODS Thirty-six zirconia specimens in shape of bars were randomly assigned to nine groups. The zirconia specimen groups were sintered using a sintering furnace with different firing temperatures (900°C, 1200°C, and 1800°C) and firing durations (6, 9, and 12 h). A total of 108 hardness measurements were conducted for all specimens (12 hardness readings per group). For each of the specimen groups, micro Vickers hardness test was performed using a load of 1 Kgf (9.807 N) and the Vickers hardness number was computed. Statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to examine the significant differences on Vickers hardness number HV among the specimen groups according to the firing parameters with 0.005 p-value used as an indicator. RESULTS Results suggest that there is an association between the increase in the hardness number and the increase in firing duration at a given firing temperature. The results also indicate that there is an association between the increase in the hardness number and increase in firing temperature at a given firing duration. CONCLUSIONS The greatest rate of hardness increase with time is associated with groups of firing temperature 1200°C. The highest rate of hardness increase with temperature happened during the first 6 h of sintering process. On the other hand, there is no significant increase in the hardness number when increasing the firing temperature beyond 1200°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al-Surkhi
- Faculty of Engineering, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Zeina Hamad
- Faculty of Engineering, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
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Effect of finishing/polishing techniques and aging on topography, C. albicans adherence, and flexural strength of ultra-translucent zirconia: an in situ study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:889-900. [PMID: 34448074 PMCID: PMC9902030 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of different finishing/polishing techniques and in situ aging on the flexural strength (σ), surface roughness, and Candida albicans adherence of 5 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (ultratranslucent zirconia). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 zirconia bars (Prettau Anterior, Zirkonzahn) with dimensions of 8 × 2 × 0.5 mm were divided into 8 groups (n = 15) according to two factors: "in situ aging" (non-aged and aged (A)) and "finishing/polishing" (control (C), diamond rubber polishing (R), coarse grit diamond bur abrasion (B), and coarse grit diamond bur abrasion + diamond rubber polishing (BR)). Half of the samples from each group were subjected to a 60-day in situ aging by fixing the bars into cavities prepared in the posterior region of the base of complete or partial dentures of 15 patients. The samples were then subjected to the mini flexural (σ) test (1 mm/min). A total of 40 zirconia blocks (5 × 5 × 2 mm) were prepared and subjected to roughness (Ra) analyses and fungal adherence and complementary analyses (X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)). The data of mean σ (MPa) and roughness Ra (μm) were statistically analyzed by two-way and one-way ANOVA, respectively, and Tukey's test. The Weibull analysis was performed for σ data. The fungal adhesion (Log CFU/mL) data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS For flexural resistance, the "finishing/polishing" factor was statistically significant (P = 0.0001); however, the "in situ aging" factor (P = 0.4458) was not significant. The non-aged (507.3 ± 115.7 MPa) and aged (487.6 ± 118.4 MPa) rubber polishing groups exhibited higher mean σ than the other techniques. The non-aged (260.2 ± 43.3 MPa) and aged (270.1 ± 48.8 MPa) bur abrasion groups presented lower σ. The coarse-grit diamond bur abrasion group (1.82 ± 0.61 µm) presented the highest roughness value (P = 0.001). Cell adhesion was not different among groups (P = 0.053). Group B presented the most irregular surface and the highest roughness Ra of 0.61 m. CONCLUSIONS The finishing of ultratranslucent zirconia might be preferably done with a diamond rubber polisher. Moreover, the protocols used did not interfere with Candida albicans adhesion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Coarse-grit diamond burs might be avoided for finishing ultratranslucent monolithic zirconia, which might be preferably performed with a diamond rubber polisher.
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Sadeqi HA, Baig MR, Al-Shammari M. Evaluation of Marginal/Internal Fit and Fracture Load of Monolithic Zirconia and Zirconia Lithium Silicate (ZLS) CAD/CAM Crown Systems. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216346. [PMID: 34771872 PMCID: PMC8585271 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fit accuracy and fracture strength of milled monolithic zirconia (Zi) and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) crowns are important parameters determining the success of these restorations. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the marginal and internal fit of monolithic Zi and ZLS crowns, along with the fracture load, with and without mechanical aging. Thirty-two stone dies acquired from a customized master metal molar die were scanned, and ceramic crowns (16 Zi Ceramill Zolid HT+ and 16 ZLS Vita Suprinity) were designed and milled. Absolute marginal discrepancies (AMD), marginal gaps (MG), and internal gaps (IG) of the crowns, in relation to the master metal die, were evaluated using x-ray nanotomography (n = 16). Next, thirty-two metal dies were fabricated based on the master metal die, and crowns (16 Zi; 16 ZLS) cemented and divided into four groups of eight each; eight Zi with mechanical aging (MA), eight Zi without mechanical aging (WMA), eight ZLS (MA), and eight ZLS (WMA). Two groups of crowns (Zi-MA; ZLS-MA) were subjected to 500,000 mechanical cycles (200 ± 50 N, 10 Hz) followed by axial compressive strength testing of all crowns, until failure, and the values were recorded. Independent sample t tests (α = 0.05) revealed no significant differences between Zi and ZLS crowns (p > 0.05); for both internal and marginal gaps, however, there were significant differences in AMD (p < 0.005). Independent samples Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests revealed significant differences between the two materials, Zi and ZLS, regardless of fatigue loading, and for the individual material groups based on aging (α = 0.05). Multiple comparisons using Bonferroni post-hoc analysis showed significant differences between Zi and ZLS material groups, with or without aging. Within the limitations of this study, the ZLS crown fit was found to be on par with Zi, except for the AMD parameter. As regards fracture resistance, both materials survived the normal range of masticatory forces, but the Zi crowns demonstrated greater resistance to fracture. The monolithic Zi and ZLS crowns seem suitable for clinical application, based on the fit and fracture strength values obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen A. Sadeqi
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923,
Safat 13110, Kuwait; (H.A.S.); (M.A.-S.)
| | - Mirza Rustum Baig
- Department of Restorative Sciences (Prosthodontics), Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923,
Safat 13110, Kuwait
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohammad Al-Shammari
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923,
Safat 13110, Kuwait; (H.A.S.); (M.A.-S.)
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Manziuc MM, Gasparik C, Burde AV, Dudea D. Color and masking properties of translucent monolithic zirconia before and after glazing. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 65:303-310. [PMID: 33116028 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose 1. to assess the ability of four brands of translucent monolithic zirconia with different thicknesses to mask discolored substrates; 2. to assess the influence of glazing upon their color coordinates and masking properties.Methods Sixty samples of shade A1 (0.8, 1.5, and 2.0 mm thickness) from: ZirCAD/MT, Katana/HT, Vita YZ/HT, Cercon/HT were fabricated and glazed using a standardized laboratory procedure. CIE L*a*b* parameters were recorded on composite substrates, (IPS Natural Die Material Kit) (ND1=reference; ND2, ND3, ND4, ND5=test backgrounds), before and after glazing. The color changes of zirconia samples induced by glazing were analyzed. Masking properties was calculated as the color difference between CIE L*a*b* parameters of the samples placed on reference and test substrates with CIEDE2000(1:1:1) formula. The effect of material, thickness, substrate, and glazing on the color of monolithic zirconia was analyzed with ANOVA test and the multiple comparisons were analyzed with Tukey HSD tests (α=0.05).Results After glazing, lightness L* significantly increased, while chromatic coordinates a* and b* decreased (p<0.05). Significant differences in the masking properties of the four materials (p<0.001) were found, with IPS e.max ZirCAD/MT having the lowest masking effect (p<0.001). Thickness, substrate and glazing had a significant effect on the color masking properties of monolithic zirconia (p<0.001).Conclusions Masking properties of translucent zirconia were significantly influenced by the materials, the thickness and the color of the substrate; moreover, glazing improved the masking ability for all zirconia samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Maria Manziuc
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Gasparik
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Victor Burde
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Dudea
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Solá-Ruíz MF, Rico-Coderch A, Montiel-Company JM, Fons-Badal C, Verdejo-Solá B, Agustín-Panadero R. Influence of the chemical composition of monolithic zirconia on its optical and mechanical properties. Systematic review and meta-regression. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66:193-207. [PMID: 34176849 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review set out to investigate the influence of chemical composition and specimen thickness of monolithic zirconia on its optical and mechanical properties. Meta-analysis and meta-regression analyzed the effects of variations in percentages of yttrium, aluminum, and specimen thickness of monolithic zirconia. STUDY SELECTION The review followed recommendations put forward in the PRISMA checklist. An electronic search for relevant articles published up to October 2019 was conducted in the Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science databases, with no language limits and articles published in the last 10 years. From 167 relevant articles; applying inclusion criteria based on the review's PICO question, 26 articles were selected for qualitative synthesis (systematic review) and 24 for quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). Experimental in vitro studies published were selected and their quality was assessed using the modified Consort scale for in vitro studies of dental materials. RESULTS The variables yttrium, aluminum and thickness were analyzed in random effects models, observing high heterogeneity ( > 75%), and finding statistically significant influences on the properties of monolithic zirconia (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the review's limitations, it may be concluded that variations in the percentage of yttrium and aluminum influence the optical and mechanical properties of monolithic zirconia, making it more or less esthetic and resistant in relation to each variable. The clinical implications of these findings can help select the most appropriate type of zirconia to meet the different clinical needs when restoring different regions (posterior or anterior).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aitana Rico-Coderch
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia
| | | | - Carla Fons-Badal
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia
| | - Blanca Verdejo-Solá
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Valencia
| | - Rubén Agustín-Panadero
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia
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Mešić K, Majnarić I, Mehulić K. Effect of Aging on the Microstructure and Optical Properties of Translucent ZrO 2 Ceramics. Acta Stomatol Croat 2021; 55:114-128. [PMID: 34248145 PMCID: PMC8255040 DOI: 10.15644/asc55/2/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The development and placement of translucent zirconia ceramics on the dental materials market is in full swing. This research aimed to investigate how aging protocols affect the microstructure, color parameters and translucency of a new-generation monolithic zirconia ceramic. Material and methods Translucent zirconia ceramics KATANA-Zirconia STML with different surface treatments (as sintered - control, glazed, polished) was tested using two aging protocols (hydrothermal degradation in autoclave at 134 °C and 2 bars for three hours, chemical degradation in four-percent acetic acid at 80 °C for 16 hours) in order to examine phase composition using X-ray diffraction analysis and ΔE, ΔL and ΔC color parameters through spectrophotometry. The translucency parameter (TP) was calculated using parameters L*, a* and b* on a black and white surface. Results Regardless of the surface treatment, aging protocols did not cause a tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation, although hydrothermal degradation in the autoclave transformed the hybrid tetragonal-cubic structure of all specimens to a tetragonal one. All polished and glazed specimens during chemical degradation demonstrated a significant color change ΔE. Lightness ΔL significantly changed in polished specimens aged in the autoclave. In all specimens, ΔC underwent a change manifested through statistically insignificant yellowing. None of the aging protocols altered the translucency of specimens. Conclusions Aging, regardless of the final surface treatment, did not manifest a monoclinic phase in the specimens. A tetragonal-cubic microstructure dominates. Unlike polishing, glazing the surface of translucent zirconia ceramics contributed to minor changes in color, lightness and chromaticity. The translucency of translucent zirconia ceramics remains stable regardless of aging and surface treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korina Mešić
- DMD; Polyvalent Dental Office, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Majnarić
- Associate Professor; Faculty of Graphic Arts, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ketij Mehulić
- Professor; Dental Clinic, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Influence of Preaging Temperature on the Indentation Strength of 3Y-TZP Aged in Ambient Atmosphere. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112767. [PMID: 34071126 PMCID: PMC8197138 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) containing 0.25% Al2O3, which is resistant to low temperature degradation (LTD), was aged for 10 h at 130–220 °C in air. The aged specimens were subsequently indented at loads ranging from 9.8 to 490 N using a Vickers indenter. The influence of preaging temperature on the biaxial strength of the specimens was investigated to elucidate the relationship between the extent of LTD and the strength of zirconia restorations that underwent LTD. The indented strength of the specimens increased as the preaging temperature was increased higher than 160 °C, which was accompanied by extensive t-ZrO2 (t) to m-ZrO2 (m) and c-ZrO2 (c) to r-ZrO2 (r) phase transformations. The influence of preaging temperature on the indented strength was rationalized by the residual stresses raised by the t→m transformation and the reversal of tensile residual stress on the aged specimen surface due to the indentation. The results suggested that the longevity of restorations would not be deteriorated if the aged restorations retain compressive residual stress on the surface, which corresponds to the extent of t→m phase transformation less than 52% in ambient environment.
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Koenig V, Bekaert S, Dupont N, Vanheusden A, Le Goff S, Douillard T, Chevalier J, Djaker N, Lamy de la Chapelle M, Amiard F, Dardenne N, Wulfman C, Mainjot A. Intraoral low-temperature degradation of monolithic zirconia dental prostheses: Results of a prospective clinical study with ex vivo monitoring. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1134-1149. [PMID: 33858665 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the intraoral development and kinetics of low-temperature degradation (LTD) in second-generation 3 mol.% yttria-doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) monolithic prostheses, as well as the influence of masticatory mechanical stress and glaze layer on it. METHODS A total of 101 posterior tooth elements were included in a prospective clinical study, which included ex vivo LTD monitoring (at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years) using Raman spectroscopy (n = 2640 monoclinic phase measurement points per evaluation time) and SEM. Four types of areas (1-2 mm2 surface, 6 on molars, and 4 on premolars) were analyzed on each element surface: occlusal, axial, glazed, or unglazed. Raman depth mapping and high-resolution SEM were performed on the selected samples. RESULTS LTD developed in 3Y-TZP monolithic restorations 6 months after intraoral placement and progressed with time. After two years, the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation was non-uniform, with the presence of localized clusters of transformed grains. In axial areas, the grain aspect was typical of the classical nucleation-growth process reported for LTD, which progresses from the surface to a depth of several tens of microns. However, in occlusal areas, tribological stress generated surface crushing and grain pull-out from the clusters, which induced an underestimation of the aging process when the evaluation was limited to monoclinic phase quantification. Glazing cannot be considered a protection against LTD. SIGNIFICANCE If LTD occurs in dental prostheses in the same way as in orthopedic prostheses, its clinical impact is unknown and needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Koenig
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), University of Liège (ULiège), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège, 4020, Belgium; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège, 4020, Belgium
| | - S Bekaert
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), University of Liège (ULiège), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège, 4020, Belgium; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège, 4020, Belgium
| | - N Dupont
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), University of Liège (ULiège), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège, 4020, Belgium; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège, 4020, Belgium
| | - A Vanheusden
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), University of Liège (ULiège), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège, 4020, Belgium; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège, 4020, Belgium
| | - S Le Goff
- Unité de Recherches en Biomatériaux Innovants et Interfaces (URB2i) - EA4462, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Montrouge, 92120, France
| | - T Douillard
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J Chevalier
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - N Djaker
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - M Lamy de la Chapelle
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM - UMR6283), Université du Mans, avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - F Amiard
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM - UMR6283), Université du Mans, avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - N Dardenne
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - C Wulfman
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), University of Liège (ULiège), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège, 4020, Belgium; Unité de Recherches en Biomatériaux Innovants et Interfaces (URB2i) - EA4462, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Montrouge, 92120, France
| | - A Mainjot
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), University of Liège (ULiège), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège, 4020, Belgium; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), 45 Quai G. Kurth, Liège, 4020, Belgium.
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Fathy SM, Al-Zordk W, E Grawish M, V Swain M. Flexural strength and translucency characterization of aesthetic monolithic zirconia and relevance to clinical indications: A systematic review. Dent Mater 2021; 37:711-730. [PMID: 33581910 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salma M Fathy
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Walid Al-Zordk
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E Grawish
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Micheal V Swain
- Discipline of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Australia
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Stawarczyk B, Mandl A, Liebermann A. Modern CAD/CAM silicate ceramics, their translucency level and impact of hydrothermal aging on translucency, Martens hardness, biaxial flexural strength and their reliability. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 118:104456. [PMID: 33740686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of hydrothermal aging on Martens parameter (Martens hardness: HM/elastic indentation modulus: EIT) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of recently available CAD/CAM silicate ceramics. METHODS 220 specimens (diameter: 12 mm, thickness: 0.95 mm) were fabricated from six CAD/CAM ceramics in two translucency levels (LT/HT): (a) two lithium disilicate (Amber Mill, ABM; IPS e.max CAD, IEM), (b) one lithium metasilicate (Cetra Duo, CEL), (c) one lithium alumina silicate (n!ce, NIC), and (d) two leucite ceramics (Initial LRF Block, LRF; IPS Empress CAD, IPR). HM/EIT and BFS were measured initially and after hydrothermal aging (134 °C/0.2 MPa/100 h) in an autoclave. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov-test, t-test, one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Scheffé test, Kruskal-Wallis-test, Mann-Whitney-U-test with Bonferroni correction and Weibull statistics were performed (α = 0.05). RESULTS CEL and IEM showed the highest and the leucite ceramics the lowest Martens parameter. Within HT, ABM and NIC were in same initial HM value range with CEL and IEM. ABM and NIC showed lower initial EIT values than CEL and IEM, however higher than IPR. The lowest aged values were analyzed for ABM. After aging, Martens parameter decreased for LRF, ABM, and CEL. IEM showed the initial highest BFS, followed by ABM. NIC and LRF showed the lowest BFS. IEM and ABM presented the highest aged BFS. Hydrothermal aging increased BFS values for LRF (HT), IPR, CEL (HT), and NIC (HT) compared to the initial values. CAD/CAM leucite ceramics showed higher Weibull modul values compared to lithium silicate ceramics. SIGNIFICANCE The well-considered selection of ceramics in relation to the areas of indication has the highest influence on the long-term stability of restorations: CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramics presented the highest and leucite ceramics the lowest mechanical properties, whereas the reliability was better for leucite than for lithium silicate ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alicia Mandl
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Liebermann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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24
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Spintzyk S, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Bourauel C, Keilig L, Lohbauer U, Brune A, Greuling A, Arnold C, Rues S, Adjiski R, Sawada T, Lümkemann N, Stawarczyk B, Ilie N, Frankenberger R, Dudek MC, Strickstrock M, Begand S. Biaxial flexural strength of zirconia: A round robin test with 12 laboratories. Dent Mater 2020; 37:284-295. [PMID: 33358016 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this interlaboratory round robin test was to prove the robustness of the DIN EN ISO 6872:2019 and to identify the influence of processing and testing variations. METHODS Each of the 12 laboratories participated (A-L) received 60 (n = 720) assigned zirconia specimens. All participants seperated the specimens from the blanks, sintered them, polished half of all specimens and performed the biaxial flexural test (DIN EN ISO 6872:2019). The surface roughness was determined by using tactile measuring device. Fractographic examination was performed under scanning-electron-microscopy (SEM). Data was analysed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov-, Kruskal-Wallis-, Mann-Whitney-U-test and two-parametric Weibull statistic (p < 0.05). RESULTS The results for both preparation methods (as-fired and polished) showed significant differences for some participants. The values for as-fired groups ranged between 513 (I) and 659 (E) MPa. H showed higher Weibull modulus than C, E and I. Within polished groups flexural strengths values from 465 (L) to 1212 (E) MPa were observed, with a tendency to clustered groups A, I, J, L (465-689 MPa) and remaining groups (877-1212 MPa). E presented the highest and H the lowest Weibull modulus. Within A and J, no impact of the preparation method on flexural strength values was observed. Within L, as-fired specimens showed higher flexural strength than polished ones. The flexural strength increase did only associate to a certain extent with measured surface roughness. Fractography showed defect populations depending on polishing techniques, associated to the strength level, especially for polished groups. Reduced strength is related to machining defects, regardless of the surface state. SIGNIFICANCE DIN EN ISO 6872:2019 can be seen as guidance to biaxial flexural strength testing but additional effort is necessary to ensure interlaboratory comparability. Calibrated furnaces and reliable sintering conditions are mandatory requirements together with detailed specifications on finishing or polishing procedures. Biaxial flexural testing is really a matter of understanding specimen preparation, alignment and mechanical testing by itself. DIN EN ISO 6872:2019 should further recommend reporting of mean surface roughness along with any biaxial flexural strength data. Fractography is a mandatory tool in interpretation and understanding of strength data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Spintzyk
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section "Medical Materials Science & Technology", Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Geis-Gerstorfer
- University Hospital Tübingen, Section "Medical Materials Science & Technology", Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Bourauel
- University Hospital Bonn, Oral Technology, School of Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ludger Keilig
- University Hospital Bonn, Oral Technology, School of Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lohbauer
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Glueckstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annike Brune
- Hannover Medical School, Clinic for Dental Prosthetics, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Greuling
- Hannover Medical School, Clinic for Dental Prosthetics, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christin Arnold
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Martin-Luther-University, Magdeburger Str. 16, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Rues
- Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ranko Adjiski
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tomofumi Sawada
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2, -8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Lümkemann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Frankenberger
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Center for Dentistry, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Dudek
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Center for Dentistry, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Monika Strickstrock
- Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Material Science and Analysis, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Albrechtstrasse 30, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
| | - Sabine Begand
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramics Technologies and Systems IKTS, Michael-Faraday-Str. 1, 07639 Hermsdorf, Germany
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Mešić K, Majnarić I, Obhođaš J, Baršić G, Mehulić K. The Effect of Aging on Composition and Surface of Translucent Zirconia Ceramic. Acta Stomatol Croat 2020; 54:339-352. [PMID: 33642598 PMCID: PMC7871433 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/4/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the effect of two aging protocols on the chemical and phase composition as well as the surface state of monolithic translucent zirconia ceramics. Material and Methods Translucent zirconia ceramics KATANA-Zirconia STML with different surface treatments (no treatment, K1, K2; glazed, G1-G8; polished, P1-P8) underwent testing in order to examine how the two aging protocols (three-hour hydrothermal degradation in an autoclave at 134 °C and 2 bars: G1-G4, P1-P4, and sixteen-hour chemical degradation in four-percent acetic acid at 80 °C (ISO 6872): G5-G8, P5-P8) affect chemical composition, particularly the share of stabilizing yttrium oxide (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence – EDXRF), phase composition (X-ray diffraction – XRD) and surface state in terms of roughness and gloss. Results Aging protocols did not affect the tested chemical composition stability of specimens and a high share of stabilizing yttrium-oxide (≥10% of total content), which correlates with the absence of monoclinic phase. A decrease in gloss on all specimens is statistically significant. Chemical degradation substantially increased the surface roughness of tested specimens. Conclusions Translucent monolithic zirconia demonstrated a stable chemical composition and resistance to tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation. Surface gloss was significantly reduced, especially in polished specimens. Contrary to glazed specimens, the tested polished specimens manifested an increase in surface roughness. Glazing the surface of translucent monolithic zirconia produces better esthetic, tribological and hygienic effects than polishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korina Mešić
- Polyvalent Dental Office, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Gorana Baršić
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ketij Mehulić
- School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb & Dental Clinic, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure, flexural strength, and optical properties of a fully stabilized monolithic zirconia. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:594-598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tekin YH, Hayran Y. Fracture resistance and marginal fit of the zirconia crowns with varied occlusal thickness. J Adv Prosthodont 2020; 12:283-290. [PMID: 33149849 PMCID: PMC7604235 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2020.12.5.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical applicability of monolithic zirconia (MZ) crowns of different thickness via determination of fracture resistance and marginal fit. MATERIALS AND METHODS MZ crowns with 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.5 mm thickness and porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crowns were prepared, ten crowns in each group. Marginal gaps of the crowns were measured. All crowns were aged with thermal cycling (5 - 55℃/10000 cycle) and chewing simulator (50 N/1 Hz/lateral movement: 2 mm, mouth opening: 2 mm/240000 cycles). After aging, fracture resistance of crowns was determined. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HDS post hoc test. RESULTS Fracture loads were higher in the PFM and 1 mm MZ crowns compared to 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm crowns. 1.5 mm MZ crowns were not broken even with the highest force applied (10 kN). All marginal gap values were below 86 µm even in the PFM crowns, and PFM crowns had a higher marginal gap than the MZ crowns. CONCLUSION The monolithic zirconia exhibited high fracture resistance and good marginal fit even with the 0.5 mm thickness, which might be used with reduced occlusal thickness and be beneficial in challengingly narrow interocclusal space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadel Hazır Tekin
- Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Hayran
- Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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28
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Skjold A, Schriwer C, Gjerdet NR, Øilo M. Effect of artificial aging on high translucent dental zirconia: simulation of early failure. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:526-534. [PMID: 33058363 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Higher yttria content enhances the translucency and appearance of dental zirconia materials. Alterations in material composition also affect mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to compare the fracture load after artificial short-term aging of monolithic, full-contour zirconia crowns with different amounts of yttria-stabilization. Sixty crowns (thirty super high translucent crowns (5Y-Z) and thirty high translucent crowns (3Y-Z)) were produced to fit a model of a premolar with a shallow chamfer preparation. The crowns were cemented with self-adhesive resin cement on composite abutments. For each zirconia type, three groups of crowns (n = 10) were allocated to: (i) cyclic loading (200 N, 1 Hz, 30,000 cycles), (ii) hydrothermal aging (3 × 20 min, 134°C 3.2 bar), or (iii) no treatment (control). Surviving crowns from the aging process were quasistatically loaded until fracture. The 3Y-Z crowns had statistically significantly higher fracture values (3,449 N) than the 5Y-Z crowns (1,938 N). The aging procedures did not affect load at fracture. Fractographic analysis showed that fractures started either at the crown margin or at the occlusal intaglio area. Higher yttria content leads to a reduction in material strength and damage tolerance, and this should be reflected in recommendations for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Skjold
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Schriwer
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nils R Gjerdet
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marit Øilo
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Lobo CMM, Sacorague SCMC, Silva NRD, Costa AKF, Alves LMM, Bottino MA, Özcan M, Souza RODAE, Melo RMD. Effect of glazing application side and mechanical cycling on the biaxial flexural strength and Weibull characteristics of a Y-TZP ceramic. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200438. [PMID: 32997088 PMCID: PMC7521420 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaze application on monolithic zirconia (Y-TZP) can be a practical approach to improve the mechanical properties of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Machado Martinelli Lobo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sâmia Carolina Mota Cavalcanti Sacorague
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Nathalia Ramos da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Departamento de Odontologia, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - Anna Karina Figueiredo Costa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Larissa Marcia Martins Alves
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marco Antônio Bottino
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- University of Zurich, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Renata Marques de Melo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
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Oğuz Eİ, Özgür ME, Sungur S, Üçtaşlı S. Impact of multiple firings and resin cement type on shear bond strength between zirconia and resin cements. J Adv Prosthodont 2020; 12:197-203. [PMID: 32879709 PMCID: PMC7449820 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2020.12.4.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiple firings on the bond strength between yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) and 2 types of resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty 3Y-TZP specimens (LAVA Frame Multi) were divided into 3 groups depending on the following firing procedures: (1) 2-firing cycles, (2) 5-firing cycles, (3) 10-firing cycles. Two samples from each group were investigated by using SEM to determine the morphological changes. All specimens were treated with 125 µm airborne-particle abrasion and the surface roughness of each specimen was measured. The specimens from each firing group were then further divided into 2 subgroups (n = 9) to apply 2 types of resin cement (MDP-free resin cement: RelyX Unicem-RU, and MDP containing resin cement: Panavia F 2.0-PA). The shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed and failure types of all the debonded specimens were classified by using a stereomicroscope as adhesive, cohesive, and mixed. The statistical analysis of surface roughness and SBS data were performed by using 1-way ANOVA and 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-HSD tests (α=.05). Failure modes were calculated as a percentage for each group. RESULTS The bond strength of RU and PA to the specimens obtained with 2 firings were not statistically different from each other (P=.1). However, the SBS values of PA were found to be significantly higher than RU for the specimens obtained with 5 and 10 firing cycles (P=.001 and P=.02, respectively). Surface roughness analysis revealed no statistical difference between groups (P=.2). The SEM analysis of samples fired 5- and 10- times showed irregularities and boundary loss in zirconia grains, and empty spaces between zirconia grains. CONCLUSION The bond strength of PA cement was higher than that of RU to the zirconia subjected to repeated firings (5 and 10 firing cycles). When zirconia is subjected to multiple firings, using MDP-containing resin cement can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece İrem Oğuz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Erdoğ Özgür
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sercan Sungur
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sadullah Üçtaşlı
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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31
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Amarante JEV, Soares Pereira MV, De Souza GM, Pais Alves MFR, Simba BG, Santos CD. Effect of hydrothermal aging on the properties of zirconia with different levels of translucency. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 109:103847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abdulmajeed A, Sulaiman T, Abdulmajeed A, Bencharit S, Närhi T. Fracture Load of Different Zirconia Types: A Mastication Simulation Study. J Prosthodont 2020; 29:787-791. [PMID: 32840940 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effect of yttria mol% concentration and material thickness on the biaxial fracture load (N) of zirconia with and without mastication simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disk-shaped specimens (N = 120) of 3 mol% yttria-partially stabilized zirconia, 3Y-PSZ (Katana High Translucent, Kuraray Noritake), 4 mol% yttria-partially stabilized zirconia, 4Y-PSZ (Katana Super Translucent Multi Layered) and 5 mol% Yttria-partially stabilized zirconia, 5Y-PSZ (Katana Ultra Translucent Multi Layered) were prepared to thicknesses of 0.7 and 1.2 mm. For each thickness, the biaxial fracture load (N) was measured with and without mastication simulation with 1.2 million cycles at a 110-N load and simultaneous thermal cycling at 5°C to 55°C. The data were analyzed by three-way Analysis of Variance (α = 0.05) and Tukey-Kramer adjusted multiple comparison test. RESULTS Yttria mol% concentration and material thickness had a statistically significant effect on the mean biaxial fracture load (F = 388.16, p < 0.001 and F = 714.33, p < 0.001 respectively). The mean biaxial fracture load ranged from the highest to the lowest; 3Y-PSZ, 4Y-PSZ, and 5Y-PSZ (p = 0.012). The mean biaxial fracture load of the 1.2 mm thickness groups was significantly higher than 0.7 mm thickness at any given condition (p = 0.002). Not all specimens survived the mastication simulation protocol. Fifty percent of the 0.7-mm-thick 4Y-PSZ specimens, 70% of the 0.7-mm-thick 5Y-PSZ specimens and 20% of 1.2-mm-thick 5Y-PSZ specimens fractured during mastication simulation. Mastication simulation had no statistically significant effect on the biaxial fracture load (F = 1.24, p = 0.239) of the survived specimens. CONCLUSIONS Lowering yttria mol% concentration and increasing material thickness significantly increases the fracture load of zirconia. At 0.7 mm thickness, only 3Y-PSZ survived masticatory simulation. A minimum material thickness of 1.2 mm is required for 4Y-PSZ or 5Y-PSZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awab Abdulmajeed
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of General Practice, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Taiseer Sulaiman
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Aous Abdulmajeed
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of General Practice, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Sompop Bencharit
- Department of General Practice, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Timo Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,City of Turku, Welfare Division, Turku, Finland
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Zhang F, Van Meerbeek B, Vleugels J. Importance of tetragonal phase in high-translucent partially stabilized zirconia for dental restorations. Dent Mater 2020; 36:491-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Hatanaka GR, Polli GS, Adabo GL. The mechanical behavior of high-translucent monolithic zirconia after adjustment and finishing procedures and artificial aging. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 123:330-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vila-Nova TEL, Gurgel de Carvalho IH, Moura DMD, Batista AUD, Zhang Y, Paskocimas CA, Bottino MA, de Assunção E Souza RO. Effect of finishing/polishing techniques and low temperature degradation on the surface topography, phase transformation and flexural strength of ultra-translucent ZrO 2 ceramic. Dent Mater 2020; 36:e126-e139. [PMID: 32008750 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different surface finishing and polishing regimes and low temperature degradation on flexural strength, phase transformation and surface topography of ultra-translucent ZrO2 ceramic. METHODS 300 (n=15/group) of conventional zirconia (Z: Ice Zirkon Transluzent) and ultra-translucent zirconia (UT: Prettau Anterior) bar-specimens were made and divided according to the "Finishing/Polishing" - (C - Control, B - diamond rubber polishers, P - adjusting with burs, PB - adjusting with burs+diamond polishers, PG - adjusting with burs+glaze), "Low temperature Degradation (LTD)" (with or without a treatment at 127°C, 1.7bar/24h). Then, a 3-point mini flexural test was performed in a universal testing machine (1mm/min, 500kgf load cell). SEM, EDS, XDR, AFM, optical profilometry and Weibull analysis were performed. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-test (5%). RESULTS Groups ZPBD (1670±253MPa), ZBD (1664±217MPa), and ZB (1655±3678MPa) showed significantly higher flexural strength than the UTPG group (372±56MPa). The Weibull modulus was significantly higher for the ZPD group compared to the UB, UCD, UPD and UPBD, while UTB, UTCD and UTPD had the lowest value. Monoclinic phases were observed only in the conventional zirconia groups and were more evident after LTD. Diamond rubber polishers presented less roughness for both zirconias. SIGNIFICANCE The use of diamond rubber polishers is the most suitable finishing/polishing method for zirconia ceramic restorations and that final glazing reduces the fracture resistance of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciana Emília Leite Vila-Nova
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Department of Dentistry, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP: 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Isabelle Helena Gurgel de Carvalho
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Department of Dentistry, Division of Prosthodontics, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Dayanne Monielle Duarte Moura
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Department of Dentistry, Division of Prosthodontics, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - André Ulisses Dantas Batista
- Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Department of Restorative Dentistry, Conj. Pres. Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, 58033-455, Brazil.
| | - Yu Zhang
- New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, 433 First Avenue, Room 810, New York, NY, 10010, United States.
| | - Carlos Alberto Paskocimas
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Department of Material Engineering, Av. Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antonio Bottino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Av Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, São José dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção E Souza
- Adjunct Professor at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Department of Dentistry, Division of Prosthodontics, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil.
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Effect of the aging of titanium and zirconia abutment surfaces on the viability, adhesion, and proliferation of cells and the adhesion of microorganisms. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 122:564.e1-564.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kontonasaki E, Giasimakopoulos P, Rigos AE. Strength and aging resistance of monolithic zirconia: an update to current knowledge. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2019; 56:1-23. [PMID: 31768195 PMCID: PMC6872834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
New zirconia compositions with optimized esthetic properties have emerged due to the fast-growing technology in zirconia manufacturing. However, the large variety of commercial products and synthesis routes, make impossible to include all of them under the general term of “monolithic zirconia ceramics”. Ultra- or high translucent monolithic formulations contain 3–8 mol% yttria, which results in materials with completely different structure, optical and mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to provide an update to the current knowledge concerning monolithic zirconia and to review factors related to strength and aging resistance. Factors such as composition, coloring procedures, sintering method and temperature, may affect both strength and aging resistance to a more or less extend. A significant reduction of mechanical properties has been correlated to high translucent zirconia formualtions while regarding aging resistance, the findings are contradictory, necessitating more and thorough investigation. Despite the obvious advantages of contemporary monolithic zirconia ceramics, further scientific evidence is required that will eventually lead to the appropriate laboratory and clinical guidelines for their use. Until then, a safe suggestion should be to utilize high-strength partially-stabilized zirconia for posterior or long span restorations and fully-stabilized ultra-translucent zirconia for anterior single crowns and short span fixed partial dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleana Kontonasaki
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece.
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JANSEN JU, LÜMKEMANN N, SENER B, STAWARCZYK B. Comparison of fracture toughness measurements for zirconia materials using two test methods. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:806-812. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ulrich JANSEN
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental Material Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich
| | - Nina LÜMKEMANN
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental Material Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich
| | - Beatrice SENER
- Periodontics and Cardiology, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, University of Zurich
| | - Bogna STAWARCZYK
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental Material Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich
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Yu NK, Park MG. Effect of different coloring liquids on the flexural strength of multilayered zirconia. J Adv Prosthodont 2019; 11:209-214. [PMID: 31497268 PMCID: PMC6718843 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2019.11.4.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two coloring liquids (aqueous and acid-based coloring liquids) and the position of multilayered zirconia on the flexural strength of multilayered zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The multilayered zirconia specimens were divided into upper and lower positions. The specimens were divided into three subgroups (n=10): non-shaded, acid-based coloring liquid, and aqueous coloring liquid. The specimens were cut using a milling machine and were immersed in either a acid-based coloring liquid or aqueous coloring liquid 2 times for 5 seconds. The specimens were sintered in a sintering furnace according to the manufacturer's introduction. The flexural strength of the specimen was measured using a universal testing machine and the surface of the specimen was observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope. RESULTS The flexural strength of multilayered zirconia was 400 – 500 MPa. There was no statistically significant difference among all groups (P>.05).The flexural strength of the multilayered zirconia was not influenced by the kind of coloring liquid used (P>.05). The flexural strength of the multilayered zirconia colored with the coloring liquids was not influenced by its position (P>.05). CONCLUSION The different coloring liquid application did not affect the flexural strength of multilayered zirconia of all positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Kyoung Yu
- Department of Dental Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Gyoung Park
- Department of Dental Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Kontonasaki E, Rigos AE, Ilia C, Istantsos T. Monolithic Zirconia: An Update to Current Knowledge. Optical Properties, Wear, and Clinical Performance. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7030090. [PMID: 31480688 PMCID: PMC6784470 DOI: 10.3390/dj7030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to update the knowledge concerning the wear, translucency, as well as clinical performance of monolithic zirconia ceramics, aiming at highlighting their advantages and weaknesses through data presented in recent literature. New ultra-translucent and multicolor monolithic zirconia ceramics present considerably improved aesthetics and translucency, which, according to the literature reviewed, is similar to those of the more translucent lithium disilicate ceramics. A profound advantage is their high strength at thin geometries preserving their mechanical integrity. Based on the reviewed articles, monolithic zirconia ceramics cause minimal wear of antagonists, especially if appropriately polished, although no evidence still exists regarding the ultra-translucent compositions. Concerning the survival of monolithic zirconia restorations, the present review demonstrates the findings of the existing short-term studies, which reveal promising results after evaluating their performance for up to 5 or 7 years. Although a significant increase in translucency has been achieved, new translucent monolithic zirconia ceramics have to be further evaluated both in vitro and in vivo for their long-term potential to preserve their outstanding properties. Due to limited studies evaluating the wear properties of ultra-translucent material, no sound conclusions can be made, whereas well-designed clinical studies are urgently needed to enlighten issues of prognosis and long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleana Kontonasaki
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Zhao P, Yu P, Xiong Y, Yue L, Arola D, Gao S. Does the bond strength of highly translucent zirconia show a different dependence on the airborne-particle abrasion parameters in comparison to conventional zirconia? J Prosthodont Res 2019; 64:60-70. [PMID: 31395520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of airborne-particle abrasion protocols on the surface morphology, the phase transformation and the resin bond strength of highly translucent zirconia (M) and conventional zirconia (Z). METHODS Thirteen groups (N = 12) of Z and M specimens were prepared. Except for the control group, the specimens were sandblasted with conditions involving different grit sizes (50 μm or 110 μm), treatment times (10 s or 20 s) and pressures (0.1 MPa, 0.3 MPa or 0.6 MPa). The surface morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the phase analysis was conducted with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Ra and the shear bond strength (SBS) were measured and statistically analyzed, and the failure mode was determined by optical microscope. RESULTS The surface morphologies were strongly dependent on treatment conditions. Larger particle size and higher pressure resulted in higher Ra for both materials. Longer blasting time resulted in higher Ra for Z but not M. Overall, the SBS increased with increasing Ra; the highest average SBS was achieved by M and exceeded 18 MPa. The monoclinic transformation was not found in any treatment for M, but was found in Z. CONCLUSIONS Z and M showed different dependence on the airborne-particle abrasion parameters in terms of Ra, SBS and phase transformation. The conditions for maximizing SBS included a 110 μm particle size and 20 s treatment for both, with pressures of 0.3 MPa and 0.6 MPa for the M and Z, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhuan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dwayne Arola
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Departments of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Departments of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Øilo M, Schriwer C, Flinn B, Gjerdet NR. Monolithic zirconia crowns – wall thickness, surface treatment and load at fracture. Biomater Investig Dent 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2019.1642112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marit Øilo
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christian Schriwer
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Brian Flinn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nils Roar Gjerdet
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Longhini D, Rocha C, de Oliveira LT, Olenscki NG, Bonfante EA, Adabo GL. Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic Monolithic Systems With Different Thicknesses. Oper Dent 2019; 44:E244-E253. [PMID: 31265354 DOI: 10.2341/18-083-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the fully stabilized zirconia (FSZ) Prettau Anterior, the partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) Prettau, and the lithium disilicate IPS e.max CAD (LD) through microstructural and mechanical characterization and effect of thickness on fracture load of the ceramics. METHODS AND MATERIALS Disk-shaped specimens (12 mm diameter and 1.2 mm thickness) were prepared for biaxial flexural strength (BFS) and Weibull statistics (n=30). For the fracture load static test (FLST) and Weibull statistics (n=30), disk-shaped specimens 12 mm in diameter and thicknesses of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm were cemented on an epoxy-resin substrate. RESULTS BFS (MPa) results were PSZ: 683.0 ± 70.23; FSZ: 438.6 ± 64.1; and LD: 248.6 ± 37.3. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for BFS was significant (p<0.001), and the Tukey post hoc test showed differences among all ceramics. There was difference in characteristic strength, but there was no difference in Weibull modulus. Two-way ANOVA for FLST was significant for ceramic (p<0001), thickness (p<0001), and interaction (p<0001). There was no difference among all ceramics at the 0.5 mm thickness. PSZ had higher values for the 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses. LD of 1.5 mm thickness exhibited a higher FLST than FSZ. CONCLUSIONS PSZ had the highest BFS, but when cemented on a substrate, all ceramics with 0.5 mm thickness behaved similarly. Despite the lower BFS, LD had a fracture load similar or superior to FSZ when cemented on a substrate.
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Manziuc M, Gasparik C, Burde AV, Colosi HA, Negucioiu M, Dudea D. Effect of glazing on translucency, color, and surface roughness of monolithic zirconia materials. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 31:478-485. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela‐Maria Manziuc
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental MaterialsIuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Cristina Gasparik
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental MaterialsIuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Alexandru V. Burde
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental MaterialsIuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Horaţiu A. Colosi
- Department of Medical Informatics and BiostatisticsIuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Marius Negucioiu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental MaterialsIuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Diana Dudea
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental MaterialsIuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj‐Napoca Romania
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Ruales-Carrera E, Cesar PF, Henriques B, Fredel MC, Özcan M, Volpato CAM. Adhesion behavior of conventional and high-translucent zirconia: Effect of surface conditioning methods and aging using an experimental methodology. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 31:388-397. [PMID: 31099974 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the adhesive behavior of conventional and high-translucent zirconia after surface conditioning and hydrothermal aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conventional (ZrC) and high-translucent zirconia (ZrT) specimens were divided into six groups: without surface treatment (ZrC and ZrT), air-borne particle abrasion with 50-μm Al2 O3 sized particles (ZrC-AO and ZrT-AO), and tribochemical treatment with 30-μm silica modified Al2 O3 sized particles (ZrC-T and ZrT-T). Zirconia specimens were treated using an MDP-containing universal adhesive and bonded to two resins blocks with an adhesive luting cement. Microbar specimens with cross-sectioned areas of 1 mm2 were achieved. Half of the microbars were subjected to hydrothermal aging. Bond strength was evaluated by microtensile bond strength test and statistically evaluated by the Weibull analysis. RESULTS Roughness of the ZrC-AO and ZrT-AO groups were statistically higher. Bond strength analysis revealed higher bond strength for ZrC-AO and ZrC-T groups compared to ZrT-AO and ZrT-T, respectively. Mixed failure was the most frequent for the mechanically treated groups, while no cohesive failures were obtained. CONCLUSION Lower values of bond strength were obtained for the mechanically treated high-translucent zirconia groups when compared to their conventional zirconia counterparts. Mechanical surface treatment significantly improved the bond strength to conventional and high-translucent zirconia. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mechanical surface treatment (air-borne particle abrasion or tribochemical treatment) associated with the use of universal adhesives containing MDP could provide a durable bonding to conventional and high-translucent zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Ruales-Carrera
- Department of Dentistry, Center for Education and Research in Dental Implants (CEPID), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Paulo F Cesar
- Department of Dental Materials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Laboratory (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Márcio C Fredel
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Laboratory (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Dental Materials Unit, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia A M Volpato
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Martins SB, Trindade FZ, Góes MDS, Adabo GL, Dovigo LN, Fonseca RG. Does airborne-particle abrasion before, rather than after, zirconia sintering lead to higher mechanical strength even under aging challenge? J Prosthet Dent 2019; 123:155-162. [PMID: 31027954 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Information concerning the effect of airborne-particle abrasion before zirconia sintering on its strength after aging is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the influence of airborne-particle abrasion moment (before or after zirconia sintering), particle size, and aging on the mechanical strength of a yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ceramic. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four hundred presintered zirconia disks were allocated to nonabraded (control) and abraded groups with 50 μm or 120 μm Al2O3 particles before (50/BS or 120/BS) or after sintering (50/AS or 120/AS). The disks were aged by storing them in distilled water for 24 hours at 37 °C (24 h) (control); mechanical cycling (MC) (1×106 cycles; 2 Hz; 100 N); hydrothermal aging (HA) (134 °C; 0.2 MPa; 20 hours); or by both methods (MC+HA), totaling 20 groups (n=20). The specimens were subjected to biaxial flexural strength (BFS) testing. Fractographic analysis was performed to identify the fracture origin. Tetragonal to monoclinic transformation was determined by X-ray diffraction. The BFS data (MPa) were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and the Games-Howell post hoc test (α=.05). Weibull statistics was also applied. RESULTS The BFS and characteristic strength (σ0) of the 120/AS groups were significantly higher compared with the other abraded groups and statistically similar or higher compared with the respective nonabraded groups. In contrast, the 120/BS/24 h and all the 50/BS groups presented the lowest values. In all groups, the initial defect had its origin on the tensile stress side. Neither airborne-particle abrasion nor aging (except for the 50/AS/MC+HA) reduced the zirconia reliability compared with the respective controls. Abrading the zirconia in its presintered stage or after sintering increased the monoclinic phase content, and the sintering process eliminated this phase. CONCLUSIONS Airborne-particle abrasion before zirconia sintering yields an inferior performance compared with that after sintering under aging challenges. The BFS and σ0 were strongly determined by the particle size and airborne-particle abrasion moment, while aging mainly acted in the nonabraded zirconia or when this material was abraded before sintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Branco Martins
- Doctoral student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Flávia Zardo Trindade
- Post-doctoral Fellow, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Márcio de Sousa Góes
- Associate Professor, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Latin American Integration (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Gelson Luis Adabo
- Full Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lívia Nordi Dovigo
- Assistant Professor, Department of Social Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Renata Garcia Fonseca
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.
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Evaluation of Dual-Cure Resin Cement Polymerization under Different Types and Thicknesses of Monolithic Zirconia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4567854. [PMID: 30729124 PMCID: PMC6343131 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4567854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the type and thickness of the zirconia material on the microhardness of the underlying dual-cure resin cement. Materials and Methods Eight disk-shaped zirconia specimens with a 4-mm diameter and four varying thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm) were fabricated from two different monolithic zirconia materials: posterior monolithic zirconia (Prettau) and anterior monolithic zirconia (Prettau Anterior). Dual-cure resin cement specimens with a 4-mm diameter and 5-mm height were prepared using Teflon cylinder molds and activated by light beneath the eight zirconia disks and without any zirconia disk for 20 s (n=12). A total of 108 specimens were embedded in acrylic. Vickers hardness of each specimen was measured at three different depths using a microhardness device with a 50-g load. All data were statistically evaluated using three-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-tests, and Bonferroni corrected post hoc tests (α=.05). Results Dual-cure resin cement's microhardness was significantly higher for the samples polymerized beneath anterior monolithic zirconia compared to posterior monolithic zirconia. The hardness decreased as the thickness increased for both types of zirconia; the latter was attributed to an attenuated curing efficiency. Conclusion Microhardness of the dual-cure resin cement is influenced by both the type and the thickness of the monolithic zirconia restoration. Polymerization efficiency for resin cement cured under anterior monolithic zirconia may be superior to cured beneath posterior monolithic zirconia.
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Tabatabaian F. Color Aspect of Monolithic Zirconia Restorations: A Review of the Literature. J Prosthodont 2018; 28:276-287. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Tabatabaian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Candido LM, Miotto LN, Fais LMG, Cesar PF, Pinelli LAP. Mechanical and Surface Properties of Monolithic Zirconia. Oper Dent 2018; 43:E119-E128. [DOI: 10.2341/17-019-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Purpose:
This study compared monolithic zirconia with conventional ones based on mean roughness (Ra), Vickers hardness (VHN), topography, transmittance, grain size, flexural strength (FS), Weibull modulus, and fractographic behavior.
Methods and Materials:
One monolithic (Prettau Zircon [PR group]) and two conventional (ICE Zirkon Transluzent [IZ group] and BloomZir [BL group]) zirconias were used. Specimens were tested using a profilometer, a microhardness tester, a scanning electron microscope, a spectrophotometer, and a Universal Testing Machine (EMIC DL 2000). Ra, VHN, grain size, and transmittance were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test associated with Dunn test (α=0.05). FS was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with the Tukey honestly significant difference test (α=0.05).
Results:
Means and standard deviations of roughness, after sintering (Ra, in μm) and VHN, were, respectively, 0.11 ± 0.01, 1452.16 ± 79.49, for the PR group; 0.12 ± 0.02, 1466.72 ± 91.76, for the IZ group; and 0.21 ± 0.08, 1516.06 ± 104.02, for the BL group. BL was statistically rougher (p<0.01) than PR and IZ. Hardness was statistically similar (p=0.30) for all groups. Means and standard deviations of FS (in MPa) were 846.65 ± 81.97 for the PR group, 808.88 ± 117.99 for the IZ group, and 771.81 ± 114.43 for the BL group, with no statistical difference (p>0.05). Weibull moduli were 12.47 for the PR group, 7.24 for the IZ group, and 6.31 for the BL group, with no statistical differences. The PR and BL groups had higher transmittance values and grain sizes than the IZ group (p<0.05). Although the BL group had some fractures that originated in the center of the tensile surface, fractographic analyses showed the same fracture pattern.
Conclusions:
All tested zirconia showed similar VHN, and the monolithic zirconia had similar roughness compared to one of the conventional zirconias. In addition, the monolithic zirconia showed similar flexural strength and Weibull modulus compared to the others even though its mean grain size was larger. The total transmittance of monolithic zirconia was higher than only one of the conventional zirconias tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- LM Candido
- Lucas Miguel Candido, PhD student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - LN Miotto
- Larissa Natiele Miotto, master degree, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - LMG Fais
- Laiza Maria Grassi Fais, postdoctoral research, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - PF Cesar
- Paulo Francisco Cesar, associate professor, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo Dental School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - LAP Pinelli
- Lígia Antunes Pereira Pinelli, associate professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
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Bakitian F, Seweryniak P, Papia E, Larsson C, Vult von Steyern P. Effect of different semimonolithic designs on fracture resistance and fracture mode of translucent and high-translucent zirconia crowns. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2018; 10:51-60. [PMID: 29628778 PMCID: PMC5878660 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s157118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to describe different designs of semimonolithic crowns made of translucent and high-translucent zirconia materials and to evaluate the effect on fracture resistance and fracture mode. Methods One hundred crowns with different designs were produced and divided into five groups (n=20): monolithic (M), partially veneered monolithic (semimonolithic) with 0.3 mm buccal veneer (SM0.3), semimonolithic with 0.5 mm buccal veneer (SM0.5), semimonolithic with 0.5 mm buccal veneer supported by wave design (SMW), and semimonolithic with 0.5 mm buccal veneer supported by occlusal cap design (SMC). Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=10) according to the materials used, translucent and high-translucent zirconia. All crowns underwent artificial aging before loading until fracture. Fracture mode analysis was performed. Fracture loads and fracture modes were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Fisher's exact probability tests (P≤0.05). Results SM0.3 design showed highest fracture loads with no significant difference compared to M and SMW designs (P>0.05). SM0.5 design showed lower fracture loads compared to SMW and SWC designs. Crowns made of translucent zirconia showed higher fracture loads compared to those made of high-translucent zirconia. M, SM0.3, and all but one of the SMC crowns showed complete fractures with significant differences in fracture mode compared to SMW and SM0.5 crowns with cohesive veneer fractures (P≤0.05). Conclusion Translucent and high-translucent zirconia crowns might be used in combination with 0.3 mm microcoating porcelain layer with semimonolithic design to enhance the esthetic properties of restorations without significantly decreasing fracture resistance of the crowns. If 0.5 mm porcelain layer is needed for a semimonolithic crown, wave design or cap design might be used to increase fracture resistance. In both cases, fracture resistance gained is likely to be clinically sufficient as the registered fracture loads were high in relation to expected loads under clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Bakitian
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Evaggelia Papia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Vult von Steyern
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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