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Díaz-Cuenca A, Sezanova K, Gergulova R, Rabadjieva D, Ruseva K. New Nano-Crystalline Hydroxyapatite-Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine Hybrid Materials: Synthesis and Characterization. Molecules 2024; 29:930. [PMID: 38474442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid materials based on calcium phosphates and synthetic polymers can potentially be used for caries protection due to their similarity to hard tissues in terms of composition, structure and a number of properties. This study is focused on the biomimetic synthesis of hybrid materials consisting of hydroxiapatite and the zwitterionic polymers polysulfobetaine (PSB) and polycarboxybetaine (PCB) using controlled media conditions with a constant pH of 8.0-8.2 and Ca/P = 1.67. The results show that pH control is a dominant factor in the crystal phase formation, so nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite with a Ca/P ratio of 1.63-1.71 was observed as the mineral phase in all the materials prepared. The final polymer content measured for the synthesized hybrid materials was 48-52%. The polymer type affects the final microstructure, and the mineral particle size is thinner and smaller in the synthesis performed using PCB than using PSB. The final intermolecular interaction of the nano-crystallized hydroxyapatite was demonstrated to be stronger with PCB than with PSB as shown by our IR and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The higher remineralization potential of the PCB-containing synthesized material was demonstrated by in vitro testing using artificial saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Díaz-Cuenca
- Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS), Joint CSIC-University of Seville Center, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Kostadinka Sezanova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Gergulova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Rabadjieva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Konstans Ruseva
- Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Qiu L, Lu Y, Dong H, Zhang H, Zhang M, Deng Q, Song J. Enhanced effect of a novel bioactive glass-ceramic for dental application. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2027-2040. [PMID: 36933046 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in humans, caused by the acid produced by the microflora in the mouth that dissolves the enamel minerals. Bioactive glass (BAG) has been used in various clinical applications due to its unique bioactive properties, such as bone graft substitutes and dental restorative composites. In this study, we introduce a novel bioactive glass-ceramic (NBGC) prepared through a sol-gel process under a water-free condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-demineralization and remineralization effects of NBGC were evaluated by comparing the measurements of bovine enamel surface morphology, surface roughness, surface micro-hardness, enamel elements, and mineral content before and after related treatments with a commercial BAG. The antibacterial effect was characterized by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). RESULTS Results showed that NBGC had greater acid resistance and remineralization potential compared to commercial BAG. The fast formation of a hydroxy carbonate apatite (HCA) layer suggests efficient bioactivity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In addition to its antibacterial properties, NBGC shows promise as an ingredient in oral care products that can prevent demineralization and restore enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China.
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yu Lu
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Haide Dong
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China
| | - Quanfu Deng
- Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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Tian J, Wu Z, Wang Y, Han C, Zhou Z, Guo D, Lin Y, Ye Z, Fu J. Multifunctional dental resin composite with antibacterial and remineralization properties containing nMgO-BAG. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 141:105783. [PMID: 36996527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The inherent characteristics of resin composite can lead to micro-leakage after polymerization shrinkage. The bacteria invasion through edge micro-leakage and attachment onto the material surface can cause secondary caries, reducing the service life of resin composites. In this study, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (nMgO) as an inorganic antimicrobial agent and bioactive glass (BAG) as a remineralization agent were simultaneously incorporated into the resin composite. With the addition of both nMgO and BAG, the resin composite showed an excellent antimicrobial effect compared to the resin composite with nMgO or BAG only. The remineralization capacity of demineralized dentin increased with the increasing content of BAG. Vickers hardness, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the resin composite with nMgO-BAG were not significantly affected compared to the ones with the same total filler amount but with BAG only. The depth of cure and water sorption values of the resin composite showed an increasing trend with the increasing total amount of nMgO and BAG fillers. This developed multifunctional resin composite is expected to reduce bacterial invasion and promote remineralization of early caries damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhua Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yifan Lin
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhou Ye
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Evaluation of Resin Infiltration, Fluoride and the Biomimetic Mineralization of CPP-ACP in Protecting Enamel after Orthodontic Inter-Proximal Enamel Reduction. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010082. [PMID: 36810413 PMCID: PMC9944074 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effect of using different agents for protecting enamel proximal surfaces against acidic attack after interproximal reduction (IPR) using the trans micro radiography technique. METHODS Seventy-five sound-proximal surfaces were obtained from extracted premolars for orthodontic reasons. All teeth were measured miso-distally and mounted before being stripped. The proximal surfaces of all teeth were hand stripped with single-sided diamond strips (OrthoTechnology, West Columbia, SC, USA) followed by polishing via Sof-Lex polishing strips (3M, Maplewood, MN, USA). Three-hundred micrometers of enamel thickness was reduced from each proximal surface. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups: group 1 (control un-demineralized) received no treatment, group 2 (control demineralized) had their surfaces demineralized after the IPR procedure, group 3 (fluoride) specimens were treated with fluoride gel (NUPRO, DENTSPLY, Charlotte, NC, USA) after the IPR, group 4 (Icon) resin infiltration material (Icon Proximal Mini Kit, DMG, Bielefeld, Germany) was applied after IPR, group 5 (MI varnish) specimens were treated with Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) containing varnish (MI Varnish, G.C, USA, St. Alsip, IL, USA) after the IPR. The specimens in (groups 2-5) were stored in a 4.5 pH demineralization solution for 4 days. The trans-micro-radiography (TMR) technique was conducted to evaluate the mineral loss (∆Z) and lesion depth of all specimens after the acid challenge. The obtained results were analyzed statistically using a one-way ANOVA at a significance level of α = 0.05. RESULTS The MI varnish recorded significant ∆Z and lesion depth values compared to the other groups p > 0.05. There was no significant difference in ∆Z and lesion depth between the control demineralized, Icon, and fluoride groups p < 0.05. CONCLUSION The MI varnish increased the enamel resistance to acidic attack, and thus can be considered an agent capable of protecting the proximal enamel surface after IPR.
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Using Copper-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanospheres to Impart Anti-Bacterial Properties to Dental Composites. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102241. [PMID: 36297676 PMCID: PMC9611516 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental dental resin composites containing copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (Cu-MBGN) were developed to impart anti-bacterial properties. Increasing amounts of Cu-MBGN (0, 1, 5 and 10 wt%) were added to the BisGMA/TEGDMA resin matrix containing micro- and nano-fillers of inert glass, keeping the resin/filler ratio constant. Surface micromorphology and elemental analysis were performed to evaluate the homogeneous distribution of filler particles. The study investigated the effects of Cu-MBGN on the degree of conversion, polymerization shrinkage, porosity, ion release and anti-bacterial activity on S. mutans and A. naeslundii. Experimental materials containing Cu-MBGN showed a dose-dependent Cu release with an initial burst and a further increase after 28 days. The composite containing 10% Cu-MBGN had the best anti-bacterial effect on S. mutans, as evidenced by the lowest adherence of free-floating bacteria and biofilm formation. In contrast, the 45S5-containing materials had the highest S. mutans adherence. Ca release was highest in the bioactive control containing 15% 45S5, which correlated with the highest number of open porosities on the surface. Polymerization shrinkage was similar for all tested materials, ranging from 3.8 to 4.2%, while the degree of conversion was lower for Cu-MBGN materials. Cu-MBGN composites showed better anti-bacterial properties than composites with 45S5 BG.
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Effect of citric acid erosion on enamel and dentin and possible protection by a novel bioactive borate adhesive system. J Dent 2022; 124:104208. [PMID: 35781000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the ability of a borate adhesive to protect enamel/dentin surfaces from acidic erosion and its effect on the shear bond strength (SBS) of enamel/dentin to resin composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS 180 human enamel/dentin specimens were utilized. Enamel buccal surfaces were etched with phosphoric-acid then divided into: (EBG) borate glass adhesive group; (ERS) resin-adhesive system group; (EF) fluoride gel 1.23% group, and enamel control (EC) group; followed by bonding to orthodontic-buttons. The dentin specimens were conditioned by EDTA (Ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid) and divided into: (DBG) borate glass resin, (DRS) resin adhesive; (DDA) group had a dentin-desensitizing agent VivaSens (VivaDent, Liechtenstein) and (DC) control group. The treated enamel/dentin specimens had their SBS to composite. The enamel/dentin specimens were exposed to 1% citric acid (18 min). Enamel/dentin specimens were examined by (SEM/EDS) scanning-electron-microscope equipped with electron-dispersive-spectroscopy and (FTIR/ATR). Analysis-of-Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the SBS and Wilcoxon-signed-rank test was used to compare the enamel/dentin areas protected by the applied agents before/after erosion (p = 0.05). RESULTS There was no significance difference in SBS among all groups except for (DDA) group that showed significant decrease p < 0.05. (EBG) and (DBG) groups were the only groups significantly protected enamel and dentin from erosion p < 0.05. FTIR/ATR showed that erosion altered the chemical structure of (DRS), (DDA), and (DC) groups but did not affect the other enamel/dentin groups. Degree of conversion of the borate-adhesive system was acceptable. CONCLUSION The Borate adhesive system released calcium and phosphate compounds that decreased the erosive activity of the citric acid resulting in protecting simulated dentin-hypersensitive areas and enamel from erosion without affecting the SBS to resin-composite. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A Borate adhesive system can be adopted as a therapeutic agent in a fully integrated program for protecting dentin-hypersensitive areas and in enamel next to orthodontic fixed appliances.
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Kim H, Yoo KH, Yoon SY, Choi YK, Kim YI. A remineralizing orthodontic etchant that utilizes calcium phosphate ion clusters. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:944869. [PMID: 36118566 PMCID: PMC9473508 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.944869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether a phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solution containing calcium phosphate ion clusters (CPICs) could minimize enamel damage during long-term bracket bonding by dissolving the enamel surface and promoting enamel remineralization. The experimental design is as follows: first, three experimental etchants (H3PO4, CPICs-incorporated H3PO4 solution-I, and CPICs-incorporated H3PO4 solution-II) and two bonding resins (conventional orthodontic resin and self-adhesive orthodontic resin) were used in combination to create six groups, respectively. Each of these six groups was then divided into two sub-groups based on the presence or absence of thermocycling (TC). Twenty samples were assigned to each of the 12 groups (independent variables), and thus a total of 240 metal bracket-attached human premolars were used in this experiment. Bracket debonding was performed on each of 20 premolars in 12 groups, and shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) values were measured as dependent variables. Next, the three experimental etchants were applied (independent variables) to each of the three enamel samples, and the remineralization of the enamel surface was investigated as a dependent variable. The enamel surface was observed using electron scanning and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) spectrum X-ray spectroscopy, and elemental mapping were performed, and the Knoop microhardness scale was measured. Therefore, the experiment was performed in two steps: SBS and ARI measurements for 12 groups, followed by observation of the enamel surface and microhardness measurements, according to the three types of etchants. As a result of the experiment, first, when the bracket was debonded, SBS did not decrease, and residual adhesive was hardly observed in the C2A group (before TC), C2A, and C1C groups (after TC) (p < 0.001). Second, the experimental etchant containing CPICs achieved remineralization while demineralizing the enamel. This was verified through SEM/EDX, element mapping, XRD, and AFM. Also, the roughness and microhardness of the enamel surface were better in the remineralized surface by the experimental etchant containing CPICs (p < 0.017). The CPICs-incorporated H3PO4 solution reduced ARI while maintaining SBS during bracket debonding, regardless of whether TC was performed or the type of resin. The etchant containing CPICs was also shown to remineralize the enamel and increase its microhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryeong Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyeon Yoo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seog-Young Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Youn-Kyung Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Youn-Kyung Choi, ; Yong-Il Kim,
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Youn-Kyung Choi, ; Yong-Il Kim,
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A Bioactive Enamel Sealer Can Protect Enamel during Orthodontic Treatment: An In Vitro Study. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an experimental bioactive enamel resin sealer in protecting the enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets against erosion. Methods: Orthodontic brackets (n = 50) were bonded to freshly extracted, sound maxillary premolars using Transbond™ XT Primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and Transbond Plus Color Change adhesive (3M Unitek, USA). Five experimental groups (n = 10) had the following treatments applied: a resin bioactive sealer with 45S5 bioglass, 35% by weight; a resin sealer without bioactive glass; fluoride; the orthodontic sealer, Opal Seal (Opal-Orthodontics, South Jordan, UT, USA); and, in the control group, an untreated surface. All the specimens were stored for 18 min in 1% citric acid. All the specimens were examined by SEM and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the enamel surfaces covered by the sealers before and after the acid challenge. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy detected the degree of the experimental resins’ conversion to verify their suitability for clinical use. Results: The percentage of the bioactive resin sealer and Opal Seal groups’ protection against enamel erosion was 100%, which was significantly more than the other groups, p < 0.05. The degree of conversion for the bioactive and unfilled resins was 42.4% ± 3.6% and 48.57% ± 5%, respectively. Conclusion: The bioactive resin sealer and the Opal Seal both protected the enamel from erosion.
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An Extensive Comparison of the Clinical Efficiency of Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) and Neutral Sodium Fluoride (NaF) Oral Rinses in the Prevention of White Spot Lesions during Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6828657. [PMID: 35355827 PMCID: PMC8958060 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6828657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this randomized trial is to compare the efficacy of weekly once regime of neutral sodium fluoride (NaF) oral rinse with that of acidulated phosphate (APF) formulated daily mouth rinse in the reduction of white spot lesions (WSLs) associated with fixed orthodontic appliance treatment. Methods The participants (n = 90) of this single-center, two-arm parallel study without a control group were randomly assigned with 1 : 1 distribution to each of the two groups after the bonding of brackets. Group A/test group 1 (n = 45) was given weekly rinse of neutral sodium fluoride (Colgate® PreviDent® Dental Rinse-0.2% NaF), and for group B/test group 2 (n = 45), an APF formulated daily oral rinse (Colgate® Ortho Defense@ PhosFlur® Rinse-0.044% w/v of NaF) was given for six months. The outcome was assessed by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) index for scoring the demineralization, and for scoring gingivitis, Loe and Silness gingival index (GI) was utilized. Four different time points “T0”immediately before bonding procedures, “T1” after 4weeks, “T2” after 12 weeks, and “T3” after 24 weeks were taken to assess the ICDAS and GI scores. Results The mean ICDAS scores for group A (NaF) were 0.025, 0.051, 0.093, and 0.113 and for group B (APF) were 0.014, 0.022, 0.038, and 0.015 at different points of time. The GI scores for group A were 0.008, 0.22, 0.33, and 0.38 and for group B were 0.003, 0.136, 0.181, and 0.097 at different time points. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) for both groups in terms of reducing WSL and GI. Conclusion APF formulated daily oral rinse—0.044% w/v of NaF—is more effective than the weekly once regimen of 0.2% NaF oral rinse to prevent white spot lesions.
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Wierichs RJ, Wolf TG, Campus G, Carvalho TS. Efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite on caries prevention-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3373-3381. [PMID: 35103837 PMCID: PMC8979882 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction/objectives The review systematically explored in vivo or in situ studies investigating the efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) to reduce initiation of or to remineralize initial caries lesions. Data Prospective controlled (non-)randomized clinical trials investigating the efficacy of a nHA compared to any other (placebo) treatment or untreated/standard control. Sources Three electronic databases (Central Cochrane, PubMed-MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE) were screened. Outcomes were, e.g., ICDAS score, laser fluorescence, enamel remineralization rate, mineral loss, and lesion depth. No language or time restrictions were applied. Risk of bias and level of evidence were graded using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool and GRADE profiler. Study selection/results Five in vivo (and 5 in situ) studies with at least 633 teeth (1031 specimens) being assessed in more than 420 (95) patients were included. No meta-analysis could be performed for in vivo studies due to the high heterogeneity of the study designs and the variety of outcomes. In situ studies indicate that under demineralization conditions, NaF was able to hinder demineralization, whereas nHA did not; simultaneously, nHA did not differ from the fluoride-free control. In contrast, under remineralizing conditions, nHA and NaF show the same remineralizing potential. However, the level of evidence was very low. Furthermore, six studies showed a high risk of bias, and six studies were funded/published by the manufacturers of the tested products. Conclusion The low number of clinical studies, the relatively short follow-up periods, the high risks of bias, and the limiting grade of evidence do not allow for conclusive evidence on the efficacy of nHA. Clinical relevance No conclusive evidence on the efficacy of nHA could be obtained based on the low number of clinical studies, the relatively short follow-up periods, the high risks of bias, the limiting grade of evidence, and study conditions that do not reflect the everyday conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-022-04390-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Johannes Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas G Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 3/c, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Thiago S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Zhang R, Qi J, Gong M, Liu Q, Zhou H, Wang J, Mei Y. Effects of 45S5 bioactive glass on the remineralization of early carious lesions in deciduous teeth: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:576. [PMID: 34772397 PMCID: PMC8588588 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood caries has been designated as a serious public health problem. The traditional restoration method is very challenging, especially in uncooperative patients. Non-invasive therapy, like remineralization agents, which have been developed to reverse the demineralization progress at the early stage of caries, may be a better choice. This study aimed to evaluate the remineralization efficacy of different concentrations of 45S5 bioactive glass (BAG) on artifical carious lesions of deciduous enamel.
Methods 65 caries-like enamel lesions of the deciduous teeth were assigned to 5 groups (n = 13) and transported to a 14 days pH-cycling: Group A: 2%BAG, Group B: 4%BAG, Group C: 6%BAG, Group D: 8%BAG, and Group E: deionized water (DDW, negative control). 8 sound (Group F) and 8 demineralized teeth (Group G) were prepared for contrast. The recovery power of mechanical property was evaluated by Vickers hardness test through the recovery of enamel microhardness (%REMH). Surface morphology, mass fraction of Ca and P ions, and Ca/P atomic ratio were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy equipped with attenuated total reflectance was used to identify the chemical structure of newly formed compounds. Results % REMH were (42.65 ± 1.35), (52.59 ± 2.96), (57.40 ± 1.72), (52.91 ± 2.55), (12.46 ± 2.81) in 2%BAG, 4%BAG, 6%BAG, 8%BAG, and DDW groups respectively. Micro-spherical particles were deposited in all BAG groups and 6% BAG showed the densest and most uniform surface. EDX analysis identified significantly higher Ca(wt%) and P(wt%) in four BAG groups than in the demineralized group (p < 0.005), while 6% BAG showed the highest mineral gain efficacy. The infrared spectrum demonstrated that newly mineralized crystals were consisted of type-B hydroxycarbonate apatite. Conclusion BAG possessed a promising remineralization effect on artificial lesions in deciduous enamel by recovering enamel surface mechanical property, morphology and chemical elements. Among them, 6% BAG performed the greatest overall efficacy. Acting as a new caries-arresting biomaterial, 45S5 BAG has the potential to facilitate the adaptation of better carious prevention strategies in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyan Qi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yufeng Mei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Zubizarreta-Macho Á, Rico-Romano C, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Mena-Álvarez J, Cabal B, Díaz LA, Torrecillas R, Moya JS, López-Píriz R. Adding Two Antimicrobial Glasses to an Endodontic Sealer to Prevent Bacterial Root Canal Reinfection: An In Vivo Pilot Study in Dogs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101183. [PMID: 34680764 PMCID: PMC8532650 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current endodontic procedures continue to be unsuccessful for completely removing pathogens present inside the root canal system, which can lead to recurrent infections. In this study, we aimed to assess the antimicrobial capacity and tissue response of two inorganic bactericidal additives incorporated into a paste root canal sealer on contaminated root dentin in vivo. An experimental study was performed in 30 teeth of five Beagle dogs. After inducing microbiological contamination, root canal systems were treated by randomly incorporating one of two antimicrobial additives into a commercial epoxy-amine resin sealer (AH Plus), i.e., G3T glass-ceramic (n = 10) and ZnO-enriched glass (n = 10); 10 samples were randomized as a control group. After having sacrificed the animals, microbiological, radiological, and histological analyses were performed, which were complemented with an in vitro bactericidal test and characterization by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The tested groups demonstrated a non-significant microbiological reduction in the postmortem periapical index values between the control group and the bactericidal glass-ceramic group (p = 0.885), and between the control group and the ZnO-enriched glass group (p = 0.169). The histological results showed low values of inflammatory infiltrate, and a healing pattern characterized by fibrosis in 44.4% of the G3T glass-ceramic and 60.0% of ZnO-enriched glass. Bactericidal glassy additives incorporated in this root canal sealer are safe and effective in bacterial reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (Á.Z.-M.); (C.R.-R.); (J.M.-Á.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Rico-Romano
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (Á.Z.-M.); (C.R.-R.); (J.M.-Á.)
| | | | - Jesús Mena-Álvarez
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (Á.Z.-M.); (C.R.-R.); (J.M.-Á.)
| | - Belén Cabal
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Centre (CINN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (L.A.D.); (R.T.); (J.S.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (R.L.-P.)
| | - Luis Antonio Díaz
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Centre (CINN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (L.A.D.); (R.T.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Ramón Torrecillas
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Centre (CINN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (L.A.D.); (R.T.); (J.S.M.)
| | - José Serafín Moya
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Centre (CINN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (L.A.D.); (R.T.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Roberto López-Píriz
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Centre (CINN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (L.A.D.); (R.T.); (J.S.M.)
- Advanced Oral Surgery Institute (ICOA), 28691 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (R.L.-P.)
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Ramadoss R, Padmanaban R, Subramanian B. Role of bioglass in enamel remineralization: Existing strategies and future prospects-A narrative review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:45-66. [PMID: 34245107 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Enamel, once formed, loses the ability to regenerate due to the loss of the formative ameloblasts. It is subjected to constant damaging events due to exposure to external agents and oral microbiomes. An enamel remineralization process targets to replenish the lost ionic component of the enamel through a multitude of methods. Enamel remineralization is highly challenging as it has a complex organized hierarchical microstructure. Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals of the enamel vary in size and orientation along alignment planes inside the enamel rod. The inability of the enamel to remodel unlike other mineralized tissues is another substantial deterrent. One of the well-known biomaterials, bioglass (BG) induces apatite formation on the external surface of the enamel in the presence of saliva or other physiological fluids. Calcium, sodium, phosphate, and silicate ions in BG become responsive in the presence of body fluids, leading to the precipitation of calcium phosphate. Studies have also demonstrated the bactericidal potential of BG against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The anticariogenicity and antibacterial activity were found to be enhanced when BG was doped with inorganic ions such as F, Ag, Mg, Sr, and Zn. Due to the versatility of BG, it has been combined with a variety of agents such as chitosan, triclosan, and amelogenin to biomimic remineralization process. Key strategies that can aid in the development of contemporary enamel remineralization agents are also included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ramadoss
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajashree Padmanaban
- CAS Biophysics & Crystallography, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balakumar Subramanian
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abbassy MA, Bakry AS, Almoabady EH, Almusally SM, Hassan AH. Characterization of a novel enamel sealer for bioactive remineralization of white spot lesions. J Dent 2021; 109:103663. [PMID: 33857545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 45S5 Bioglass is a bioactive glass capable of releasing ions that can interact with dental hard tissues. The current study aimed at examining the effectiveness of 45S5 Bioglass in remineralizing enamel white spot lesion (WSL) as well as its effect on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to demineralized enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS WSLs were induced in the buccal surfaces of 135 human extracted teeth by storage in acid solution pH 4.5 for four days. The specimens were then equally divided into three groups; Demineralized group, Bioglass group (BG), and control group (intact enamel). The groups were chemically analyzed using (FTIR/ATR) Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflectance, (XRD) X-ray diffraction, and (SEM/EDS) scanning electron microscope equipped with electron-dispersive-spectroscopy. Moreover, 10 specimens from each group were tested using Transverse Micro Radiography (TMR) technique, and 15 specimens from each group were bonded with metal orthodontic brackets and tested for shear bond strength test (SBS). The data were analyzed statistically using One way ANOVA p < 0.05. RESULTS TMR study showed that bioglass group samples recorded lesion depth of 70.19 ± 29.21 μm and Δ Z (mineral loss) 732.15 ± 210.16 vol% μm which was significantly lower than the demineralized specimens having lesion depth of 115.75 ± 19.98 μm and Δ Z (mineral loss) 3472.69 ± 738.38 vol%μm, moreover, bioglass specimens recorded 14.15 ± 2.35 Mpa which was significantly higher than demineralized specimens 6.82+1.83 Mpa but less than the control specimens 20.5 + 6.1 MPa (p < 0.05). FTIR/ATR, XRD, and SEM/EDS tests showed that bioglass paste formed a layer of brushite crystals onto the treated enamel surface. CONCLUSION 45S5 bioglass paste may serve as an effective remineralizing agent for demineralized enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Abbassy
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Bakry
- Operative and Esthetic Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21614, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Ali H Hassan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Vision Colleges, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Carvalho EM, Ferreira PVC, Gutiérrez MF, Sampaio RF, Carvalho CN, Menezes ASD, Loguercio AD, Bauer J. Development and characterization of self-etching adhesives doped with 45S5 and niobophosphate bioactive glasses: Physicochemical, mechanical, bioactivity and interface properties. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1030-1045. [PMID: 33846019 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of study was to develop and characterize experimental bioactive glasses (45S5 and niobophosphate bioactive glass (NbG)) and evaluate the effects of their addition in self-etching adhesive systems on physicochemical, mechanical, and bioactive properties, microtensile bond strength (μTBS), and nanoleakage (NL). METHODS Two-step self-etching adhesive systems containing 5, 10, and 20 wt.% of 45S5 and NbG bioactive glasses were developed. An experimental adhesive without microparticles and a commercial adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) were used as control groups. The materials were evaluated for their degree of conversion (DC%), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), softening in solvent, radiopacity, sorption and solubility, alkalizing activity (pH), ionic release, and bioactivity. μTBS and NL were evaluated after 24 h and 1 year of storage. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and post-Holm-Sidak tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The addition of the two bioactive glasses did not change the values of the degree of conversion, ultimate tensile strength, and softening in solvent. The adhesive system containing 20% NbG showed the highest radiopacity. The incorporation of 45S5 increased water sorption and solubility, raised the pH, and allowed the release of large amounts of calcium. After 28 days of immersion in simulated body fluid, the 45S5 adhesive precipitated hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate (SEM/EDX, ATR/FTIR, and XDR). The addition of 45S5 and NbG to the adhesives improved the stability of the resin-dentin interface after 1 year. SIGNIFICANCE The incorporation of microparticles from 45S5 bioactive glass in self-etching adhesive systems is considered an excellent alternative for the development of a bioactive adhesive that improves the integrity of the hybrid layer on sound dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilausson Moreno Carvalho
- University Ceuma (UNICEUMA), School of Dentistry, R. Josué Montello, 1, Renascença II, 65075-120 São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Vitor Campos Ferreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, 13414-903 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mario Felipe Gutiérrez
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Av. Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo 12455, 7550000 Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Av. Olivos 943, 8380544 Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ruan Ferreira Sampaio
- University Ceuma (UNICEUMA), School of Dentistry, R. Josué Montello, 1, Renascença II, 65075-120 São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Ceci Nunes Carvalho
- University Ceuma (UNICEUMA), School of Dentistry, R. Josué Montello, 1, Renascença II, 65075-120 São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Alan Silva de Menezes
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, 65080-805 São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Alessandro Dourado Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Campus Uvaranas, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - José Bauer
- Discipline of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, 65080-805 São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
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Wierichs RJ, Carvalho TS, Wolf TG. Efficacy of a self-assembling peptide to remineralize initial caries lesions - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2021; 109:103652. [PMID: 33798639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES The present review systematically analyzed clinical studies investigating the efficacy of self-assembling peptides (SAP) to reduce initiation of or to remineralize initial caries lesions. DATA Prospective controlled (non-)randomized clinical trials investigating the efficacy of a self-assembling peptide compared to any other (placebo) treatment or untreated/standard control. Outcomes were visual analog scale (VAS), laser fluorescence, ICDAS score or morphometric measurements. SOURCES Three electronic databases (Central, PubMed, Ovid EMBASE) were screened. No language or time restrictions were applied.. Risk of Bias and level of evidence was graded using Risk of Bias 2.0 tool and Grade Profiler 3.6. STUDY SELECTION/RESULTS Seven studies with 508 teeth being affected in 294 patients were included. All studies were randomized controlled trials (RCT), five with a split-mouth and two with a parallel-arm design. Meta-analysis could be performed for SAP (plus fluoride varnish (FV)) vs. no treatment (plus FV) (control treatment). Depending on the outcome after up to 12 months SAP showed a significantly higher optical improvement than the control treatment (laser fluorescence: Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)[95 %CI] = -0.87[-1.39,-0.34; VAS: Mean Difference (MD)[95 %CI] = -35.38[-43.13,-27.64]) or no significant difference could be observed (ICDAS/activity score; Relative Risk (RR)[95 %CI] = 0.6[0.21,1.74]; morphometric measurements: SMD[95 %CI] = -1.95[-4.54,0.65]). Level of evidence was very low for all 4 outcomes. Furthermore, six studies showed a high risk of bias and six studies were (partially) funded by the manufactures of the tested products. CONCLUSION Based on a low number of clinical trials with relatively short follow up-periods and high risks of bias, self-assembling peptides may be a viable option to remineralize enamel caries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Self-assembling peptides may be a viable option to remineralize enamel caries. However, results should be interpretated with caution due the low number of clinical trials, the short follow-up periods and the limiting grade of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - T G Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
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The Efficiency of Fluoride Bioactive Glasses in Protecting Enamel Surrounding Orthodontic Bracket. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5544196. [PMID: 33834066 PMCID: PMC8016578 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5544196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of using four different fluoride bioactive enamel sealers against an acidic erosion challenge. Materials and Methods A sample of 50 freshly extracted sound upper premolars had their buccal surface bonded to 50 orthodontic brackets using Transbond PLUS color change adhesive; the first four groups had four compositions of fluoride bioactive glasses based on 37 mol% SiO2, 43.9-53.9 mol% CaO, 6.1 mol% P2O5 and CaF2, and 0-10 mol% of Na2O applied to their surfaces and the fifth group served as control (which was not treated by any bioactive sealer). All specimens were challenged by 1% citric acid for 18 minutes which was stirred by a magnetic stirrer. The enamel surfaces next to the orthodontic brackets were examined by SEM. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the area covered by the fluoride bioactive pastes before/after erosion (p < 0.05). Samples from the layer formed on top of the examined teeth were tested before/after erosion to be examined by the attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR/ATR). Results The FTIR/ATR test showed that fluoride bioactive pastes' applications resulted in the formation of a hydroxyapatite-rich layer; the SEM analysis showed that the aforementioned layer significantly resisted erosion challenge when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions Fluoride bioactive pastes can efficiently protect the enamel surfaces next to orthodontic brackets from acidic erosion challenges.
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Kobayashi RS, Picolo MZD, Kury M, Resende BDA, Esteban Florez FL, Cavalli V. Effects of dental bleaching protocols with violet radiation on the color and chemical composition of stained bovine enamel. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102194. [PMID: 33513440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the bleaching efficacy of a violet radiation (VR) combined or not with bleaching gels on the color and mineral content of stained teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS Enamel/dentin blocks were obtained and stained (n = 50) with coffee, red wine, tobacco smoke, or were left non-stained. The stained or not-stained blocks (n = 10) were distributed into five bleaching groups (n = 10): VR, CP (37 % carbamide peroxide), VR/CP, HP (35 % hydrogen peroxide), and VR/HP. Color (ΔE00, ΔL, Δa, and Δb) and whiteness index (ΔWID) changes were evaluated after staining and after bleaching using a spectrophotometer. Calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and Ca/P contents (in wt%) were measured after bleaching using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Data was statistically analyzed (α = 0.05) using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (ΔE00, ΔWID, ΔL, Δb, wt%) or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (Δa). RESULTS VR alone caused higher colorimetric changes on coffee, tobacco and red wine-stained groups compared to non-stained enamel (p < 0.05). VR/CP exhibited higher colorimetric changes compared to CP in coffee and non-stained groups. The VR/CP, HP and VR/HP groups exhibited no change differences (p > 0.05). No differences were observed for the wt% of Ca, P and Ca/P between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The violet radiation was more effective in bleaching stained rather than non-stained teeth. VR combined with 37 % carbamide peroxide was as effective as the HP agent. Besides, no adverse effects could be observed in the enamel mineral content, regardless of the bleaching protocol tested, according to the EDS semi-quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Soares Kobayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Zaghi Dal Picolo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Kury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna de Almeida Resende
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Silica-Based Bioactive Glasses and Their Applications in Hard Tissue Regeneration: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020075. [PMID: 33498229 PMCID: PMC7909272 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a field that aims to influence and improvise the processes of tissue repair and restoration and to assist the body to heal and recover. In the field of hard tissue regeneration, bio-inert materials are being predominantly used, and there is a necessity to use bioactive materials that can help in better tissue-implant interactions and facilitate the healing and regeneration process. One such bioactive material that is being focused upon and studied extensively in the past few decades is bioactive glass (BG). The original bioactive glass (45S5) is composed of silicon dioxide, sodium dioxide, calcium oxide, and phosphorus pentoxide and is mainly referred to by its commercial name Bioglass. BG is mainly used for bone tissue regeneration due to its osteoconductivity and osteostimulation properties. The bioactivity of BG, however, is highly dependent on the compositional ratio of certain glass-forming system content. The manipulation of content ratio and the element compositional flexibility of BG-forming network developed other types of bioactive glasses with controllable chemical durability and chemical affinity with bone and bioactivity. This review article mainly discusses the basic information about silica-based bioactive glasses, including their composition, processing, and properties, as well as their medical applications such as in bone regeneration, as bone grafts, and as dental implant coatings.
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Abbassy MA, Bakry AS, Hill R, Habib Hassan A. Fluoride bioactive glass paste improves bond durability and remineralizes tooth structure prior to adhesive restoration. Dent Mater 2020; 37:71-80. [PMID: 33239220 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed at examining a fluoride containing bioactive glass (BiominF®) paste as a temporary filling material capable of remineralizing the demineralized enamel or dentin, and its ability to decrease a simulated dentinal fluids pressure on the resin/dentin interface, without affecting the shear bond strength of a universal bonding agent to enamel and dentin. METHODS 60 premolars were utilized for the acid resistance, trans-microradiography (TMR) and shear bond strength (SBS) experiments. Enamel and dentin discs were demineralized for 4 days to create a subsurface demineralized zone followed by applying BiominF® paste, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride, or a temporary filling material for 24 h. 30 extracted human non-carious third molars were utilized for the pulpal pressure experiment in which direct communication to the pulp chamber was created by cutting at a level approximately 1 mm below the cemento-enamel junction while the coronal enamel was ground to expose mid coronal dentin. The dentin surface was exposed to a simulated pulpal pressure. The dentin surfaces had BiominF® paste, an oxalate desensitizing agent, or temporary filling material followed by application of a universal adhesive system. RESULTS One way ANOVA showed that BiominF® paste remineralized effectively the demineralized enamel or dentin, did not affect the bond strength of the enamel and dentin surfaces to the tested adhesive system p < 0.05, and improved the acid resistance of the demineralized enamel and dentin against a secondary erosive challenge. Moreover, BiominF® paste decreased the nanoleakage expression in the dentin/adhesive interface exposed to a simulated pulpal pressure. SIGNIFICANCE BiominF® paste may serve as a temporary filling material that may improve the longevity of adhesive restorations and help to conserve tooth structures by preserving the demineralized enamel and dentin form cutting during cavity preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Aly Abbassy
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Samir Bakry
- Esthetic and Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Robert Hill
- Institute of Dentistry, Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ali Habib Hassan
- Alfarabi Private College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Wu Q, Mei ML, Wu X, Shi S, Xu Y, Chu CH, Chen Y. Remineralising effect of 45S5 bioactive glass on artificial caries in dentine. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:49. [PMID: 32046691 PMCID: PMC7014937 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the remineralisation effect of bioactive glass on artificial dentine caries. METHODS Dentine disks with artificial caries were treated with bioactive glass (group BAG), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (group CPP-ACP), sodium fluoride glycerol (group F) or deionized water (group W). All disks were subjected to pH cycling for 28 days subsequently. The topography, microhardness and remineralisation depth of the dentine carious lesion were assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), microhardness testing and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), respectively. RESULTS AFM images indicated mineral depositions on the surface of the carious lesion in group BAG. The changes of Vickers hardness number (ΔVHN, mean ± SD) after pH cycling were 9.67 ± 3.60, 6.06 ± 3.83, 5.00 ± 2.19 and - 1.90 ± 2.09 (p < 0.001) in group BAG, group CPP-ACP, group F and group W, respectively. The remineralisation depth (mean ± SD) of the carious lesion in group BAG, group CPP-ACP, group F and group W were 165 ± 11 μm, 111 ± 11 μm, 75 ± 6 μm and 0 μm (p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION Bioactive glass possessed a promising remineralisation effect on artificial dentine caries and could be a therapeutic choice for caries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Polyclinics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuya Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Polyclinics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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