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Kaneyasu Y, Shigeishi H, Niitani Y, Takemoto T, Sugiyama M, Ohta K. Manual toothbrushes, self-toothbrushing, and replacement duration to remove dental plaque and improve gingival health: A scoping review from recent research. J Dent 2024; 148:105240. [PMID: 39038528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate characteristics of manual toothbrushes, self-toothbrushing methods, and replacement duration of manual toothbrushes that effectively remove dental plaque, reduce gingivitis, and promote gingival health. STUDY DATA AND SOURCES PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus and Central Register Cochrane of Controlled trials (CENTRAL) were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) from 01 January 2018 to 12 December 2023. Articles were subjected for including participants aged six years and older with a study duration of at least four weeks to investigate the efficacy of manual toothbrushes used self-toothbrushing. To investigate the appropriate time to replace manual toothbrushes, this study was focused on the physical properties of the bristles and changes in the microorganisms present in the bristles over time. STUDY SELECTION Of 1520 retrieved articles, 26 studies were included after screening. The total number of manual toothbrushes was 40 and 5 kinds of self-toothbrushing techniques were selected in the review. 4 studies investigated the changes the physical properties bristles of manual toothbrushes. CONCLUSIONS Among manual toothbrushes, the cross-angle and indicator bristles were found to significantly improve dental plaque index and gingival condition. Most toothbrushes with soft bristles had a trend of superior dental plaque removal and gingivitis improvement efficacy. Toothbrush with end-round shape bristles tip has tended to reduce the dental plaque and gingival index scores. Studies reported that brushing twice a day for at least two minutes using the Bass method had a positive effect on the dental plaque and gingival index. Further research is required to investigate the relationships between property physical bristle and clinical intraoral indices to clarify the replacement duration of manual toothbrushes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings of this study could guide people's daily self-brushing habits, thereby aiding the prevention of periodontal disease. Moreover, our findings suggest the need for strategic clinical trial designs to verify the ideal timing to replace manual toothbrushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshino Kaneyasu
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshie Niitani
- Department of Oral Health Management, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Takemoto
- Department of Oral Health Management, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Masaru Sugiyama
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Kanzow P, Witt C, Lechte C, Barke S, Rohland B, Schmidt A, Wiegand A. Effect of different brushing parameters on erosive tooth wear in primary bovine enamel and dentin. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302261. [PMID: 38626124 PMCID: PMC11020396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This in-vitro study aimed to analyse the effect of brushing and different brushing parameters (kind of toothpaste, kind of toothbrush, brushing force) on erosive tooth wear of primary bovine enamel and dentin. Specimens were prepared from primary bovine enamel or dentin (each group n = 12) and cyclically eroded (6 × 60 s/d, citric acid, pH 2.4) and brushed with children's toothbrushes (2 × 15 s/d) over 5 days. The brushing parameters under investigation were: toothpaste (fluoridated, fluoride-free), toothbrush (manual; rotating-oscillating and sonic, each at two different activation modes) and brushing force (1 N, 2 N). Specimens that were only eroded and not brushed served as controls. Enamel and dentin wear was quantified using widefield confocal microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using three- and one-way ANOVAs followed by Scheffe's (enamel) or Tamhane's (dentin) post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). Brushing with the fluoridated toothpaste was able to significantly reduce erosive wear in enamel (by 15 to 37%, 6 of 10 groups) and in dentin (by 58 to 72%, all groups), while brushing with the fluoride-free toothpaste was not different from the controls. Considering the kind of toothpaste and brushing force, slight differences between the toothbrushes were observed in enamel, but not in dentin. Within the same toothbrush and activation mode, almost no differences between 1 and 2 N brushing force were detected. In conclusion, erosive tooth wear on primary bovine dental hard tissue mainly depends on the kind of toothpaste, rather than on the kind of toothbrush and the brushing force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kanzow
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Witt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Clemens Lechte
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Barke
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Rohland
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schmidt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Vas NV, Varghese RM. An In Vitro Study of the Abrasive Potential of Various Toothbrushes on the Surface of Aligner Attachments. Cureus 2024; 16:e55911. [PMID: 38601407 PMCID: PMC11003860 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Attachments play a vital role in aligner-led orthodontic therapy, first passively through retention of the appliance and secondly, through bringing about tooth movement, by virtue of its active surfaces, to achieve treatment goals. Additionally, irregularities on the surface of attachments attract plaque adhesion. Thus the effect of brushing with different toothbrushes on the surface of attachments is an important factor to study. This would allow clinicians to better advise patients who are undergoing aligner therapy. Four types of brushes are available commercially, namely hard, medium, soft, and ultra-soft. This study analyses the interaction between the kind of toothbrush used and the wear of the surface of the aligner attachment, to understand the impact of a toothbrush on the attachment. Aim To observe the surface wear and change in the shape of the aligner attachment on brushing with four varying hardness of toothbrush bristle (ultra-soft, soft, medium, and hard) over six months to three years. Material and methods One attachment was bonded to the buccal surface of extracted premolars. One tooth with attachment was subjected to SEM analysis and the rest were divided into four groups of five teeth each, based on the type of toothbrush to be used. Brushing with hard, medium, soft, and ultra-soft toothbrushes was carried out in a brushing simulator in two cycles simulating six months, one year, 18 months, and three years of brushing. A contact profilometer was used to evaluate surface roughness before and after brushing and pre- and post-surface roughness values were compared to quantitate changes after which SEM analysis was carried out for qualitative assessment of the surface of the samples. The Shapiro-Wilks test was applied to evaluate the normality of the data, followed by the one-way ANOVA, and statistical significance was applied at p<0.05. Results At six months, the samples brushed with the medium toothbrush showed the least surface roughness (0.2±0.192) and those brushed with the ultra-soft toothbrushes showed the highest surface roughness (1.9±0.159). At one year, the samples brushed with the soft toothbrush showed the least surface roughness (0.46 ±0.31) and those brushed with the ultra-soft toothbrushes showed the highest surface roughness (2.12 ±0.12). At the 1.5-year point, the surface roughness of the samples was lowest in the ultra-soft toothbrush group (0.43±0.39) and the highest in the soft toothbrush group (1.6± 0.41). At the three-year point, the surface roughness of the samples was lowest in the ultra-soft toothbrush group (0.28 ± 0.17) and the highest in the medium toothbrush group (1.6 ± 0.31). Conclusion Ultra-soft toothbrushes have a high abrasive potential, as seen by higher surface roughness values over six months and one year. Morphometric changes were the most noticeable for attachments brushed by hard-bristled toothbrushes and medium-bristled brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazleen V Vas
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Remmiya Mary Varghese
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Sakae LO, Renzo ALM, Viana ÍEL, Niemeyer SH, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Impact of different brushing/abrasion protocols on erosive tooth wear for in vitro studies. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 148:105657. [PMID: 36827929 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of different toothbrushing (with dentifrice) protocols on the progression of erosive tooth wear for in vitro studies. DESIGN Bovine enamel specimens were randomly distributed into 12 experimental groups (n = 10), according to the study factors: (1) brushing movement (horizontal or circular); (2) slurry diluent (artificial saliva or distilled water); (3) toothpaste dilution ratio (1:2, 1:3 or 1:4). A 5-day erosion-abrasion cycling model was performed, each consisting of 4 erosive challenges (0.3 % citric acid, pH=2.6) followed by 60 min exposure to artificial saliva. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste (15 s, 1400 ppm F-, AmF) was carried out 2x/day. Enamel surface loss (SL) was determined by optical profilometry. Data were statistically analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS SL was lower for the horizontal movement than for the circular (p = 0.044). There were no significant differences among the dilution ratios for artificial saliva. For distilled water, the more concentrated slurry (1:2) presented greater surface loss than the less concentrated slurries (1:3 and 1:4, p = 0.049 and p = 0.014, respectively). Dilutions with artificial saliva at ratios 1:3 and 1:4 presented higher surface loss than with distilled water (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively); however, for 1:2 ratio, there were no significant differences between the diluents. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro progression of enamel SL was influenced by the brushing movement, as well as the combination of the dilution ratio and the diluent of the toothpaste slurry, and therefore, all these factors must be considered when comparing results from different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luísa Meira Renzo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Pereira TP, Vieira TAF, Júnior WLDS, Bezerra SJC, Sobral MÂP, Scaramucci T. Influence of different ultra-soft toothbrushes on erosive tooth wear. J Dent 2023; 132:104502. [PMID: 36997084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of different ultra-soft toothbrushes on the progression of erosive tooth wear (ETW). METHODS Bovine enamel and dentin specimens (n=10) were submitted to a 5-day erosive-abrasive cycling model (0.3% citric acid for 5min, artificial saliva for 60min, 4x/day). Toothbrushing was carried out 2x/day for 15s, with the different toothbrushes tested (A- Edel White: flexible handle, tapered bristles; B- Oral-B Gengiva Detox: regular handle, criss-cross tapered bristles; C- Colgate Gengiva Therapy: flexible handle, tapered bristles, high tuft density; D- Oral-B Expert Gengiva Sensi: regular handle, round bristles, high tuft density; E- Oral-B Indicator Plus: soft brush, round end bristles (control). Surface loss (SL, in μm) was assessed by optical profilometry. The toothbrush characteristics were evaluated by surgical microscope. Data were statistically analyzed (α=0.05). RESULTS For enamel, toothbrush C showed the highest SL (means±SD: 9.86±1.28) and it did not differ significantly from A (8.60±0.50), both with flexible handle. The lowest SL was observed for the toothbrush Control E (6.76±0.63), which differed significantly from A and C, but not from the other toothbrushes. For dentin, the highest SL was found for toothbrush D (6.97±1.05) and it did not differ significantly from E (6.23±0.71). The lowest SL was observed for B (4.61±0.71) and C (4.85+0.83), without significant differences from A (5.01±1.24). CONCLUSIONS The ultra-soft toothbrushes had different impacts on the progression of ETW on the dental substrates. On enamel, higher ETW values were observed for the flexible handle toothbrushes, while for dentin, round-end bristles (ultra-soft and soft) caused more ETW. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Knowledge about the effect of different ultra-soft toothbrushes on ETW can help clinicians to recommend the most suitable types for their patients, bearing in mind that toothbrushes can impact enamel and dentin differently.
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Kim JH, Kim S, Truong VM, Lee JW, Park YS. Is whitening toothpaste safe for dental health?: RDA-PE method. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:731-740. [PMID: 35793939 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The relative dentin abrasivity-profilometry equivalent values were compared using non-contact profilometry with three subtypes of regular toothpaste and two subtypes of whitening toothpaste containing sodium bicarbonate and 35% hydrogen peroxide. Bovine dentin specimens were assigned to six groups: regular toothpaste (R): R1 (BAMBOO SALT GUM OINTMENT); R2 (MEDIAN TARTAR ORIGINAL); R3 (PERIOE Alpha), Reference slurry: RS (calcium pyrophosphate), whitening toothpaste (W): W1 (NET. WT); W2 (Vussen 28 WHITENING). Relative dentin abrasion-profilometry equivalent (RDA-PE) was determined by brushing 10,000 times (n=8). The pH of the toothpaste was measured (n=5) and the abrasive constituents of the toothpaste was analyzed by FE-SEM and EDS. The RDA-PE values ranged from 26 to166, and the pH level ranges were 4.928-9.153. The RDA-PE value of the whitening toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide was not high compared with that of the regular toothpaste. The RDA-PE values of whitening toothpaste could vary depending on the mechanism and ingredients of the whitening agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Heon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Van Mai Truong
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Joo Won Lee
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University.,Center future of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
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Racki DNDO, Comim LD, Dalla Nora Â, Zenkner JEDA, Alves LS. Is toothbrush bristle stiffness associated with erosive tooth wear in adolescents? Findings from a population-based cross-sectional study. Caries Res 2021; 55:515-520. [PMID: 34365453 DOI: 10.1159/000518889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Letícia Donato Comim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ângela Dalla Nora
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Severo Alves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Salem MN, Hafez S. Aesthetic Management of Erosive Tooth Wear in a Young Egyptian Swimmer: A Case Report. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2021; 13:201-209. [PMID: 34079381 PMCID: PMC8164355 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s308045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tooth wear can have a multifactorial aetiology which requires thorough patient assessment and aesthetic management. Purpose This case report discusses the management of a young, Egyptian swimmer complaining of tooth sensitivity associated with erosive tooth wear. Anterior teeth were restored using the injection molding technique, also known as the injectable composite resin technique, to overcome the patient’s complaint and enhance the aesthetics of compromised anterior teeth. Patients and Methods Thorough patient assessment was followed by impression taking, a diagnostic wax-up and intraoral mock-up fabrication for aesthetic, functional and biological verification. Upon the patient’s agreement on the proposed treatment, an injection molding technique was carried out. Conclusion The tooth loss pattern associated with erosive tooth wear in competitive swimmers showed a very characteristic presentation. Detailed patient history is imperative for successful assessment of the risk factors contributing to the condition and treatment planning in such cases. The use of injection molding technique for restoration of anterior teeth is a simple, straightforward and aesthetically pleasing alternative for patients with erosive tooth wear requiring direct composite veneers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mennatallah N Salem
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Operative Division, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.,Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Hafez
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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