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Sakae LO, Kairalla CA, Viana ÍEL, Carvalho TS, Niemeyer SH, Hara AT, Scaramucci T. Characteristics of tin-containing fluoride toothpastes related to erosive tooth wear protection. J Dent 2024; 143:104901. [PMID: 38417610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of different tin-containing toothpastes on the control of erosive tooth wear in enamel and dentin. METHODS Enamel and dentin slabs were randomly distributed into 7 experimental groups (n = 10/substrate): C-: negative control (Artificial saliva); AmF (regular fluoridated toothpaste without tin); Sn-1 (SnF2/NaF); Sn-2 (SnF2/NaF/SnCl2); Sn-3 (SnCl2/NaF); Sn-4 (SnF2/SnCl2); Sn-5 (SnCl2/AmF/NaF/chitosan). Specimens were submitted to 5-day erosion-abrasion cycling. Surface loss (SL) was determined with an optical profilometer. Tin deposition on the tooth surfaces and some characteristics of the toothpastes (pH, potentially available F-, %weight of solid particles, and RDA) were also assessed. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS For enamel, the Sn-2 presented the lowest SL, not differing significantly from AmF, C+, and Sn-3. The SL of these groups was significantly lower than the C-, except for Sn-3. Sn-1 and Sn-4 were also not significantly different from C-. For dentin, C- significantly showed the highest SL values, whilst, Sn-1 presented the lowest SL, not differing significantly from AmF, Sn-2, C+, and Sn-3. There was a significant positive association between enamel SL and the pH and tin deposition. Dentin SL was significantly negatively associated with the %weight of solid particles and RDA. CONCLUSIONS Most of the tin-toothpastes were able to exhibit some protection against ETW. In this process, the toothpastes characteristics play a role, as lower enamel SL was significantly associated with lower pH values and tin deposition; and lower dentin SL was associated with higher %weight of solid particles and RDA of the toothpastes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Tin-containing toothpastes can be used for erosive tooth wear protection, but our study showed that their effect depends on the pH, amount of tin deposition, % weight of solid particles and RDA of the toohpastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Allegrini Kairalla
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; Department of Comprehensive Care, Division of Operative Dentistry, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 1 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anderson Takeo Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Wierichs RJ, Kaspari I, Maniewicz S, Campus G, Tennert C, Carvalho TS, Niemeyer SH. Diagnosing and recording root caries: A survey among Swiss dentists. J Dent 2024; 142:104870. [PMID: 38311018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the increase in the root caries prevalence, little is still known about how dentists manage this condition. The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of dentists on diagnosing and recording root caries lesions (RCL). METHODS The survey consisted of three domains: (1) dentists' knowledge on diagnosing, recording and managing RCL; (2) information about their current general clinical routines; and (3) their demographics. The four Swiss Universities distributed the survey via e-mail lists for alumni or professionals participating in continuing education. The data was quality checked. Construct validity, internal reliability and intraclass correlation (ICC) were assessed. RESULTS The survey was answered by 383 dentists from 25(out of 26) cantons [mean(SD) working experience: 22.5(12) years]. The majority replied that they see less than 5 patients with RCL per week, whereas 41 have at least 5 per week, and 40 % (157 dentists) do not distinguish RCL from coronal caries in their patients' medical records. When diagnosing active RCL, tactile sensation was the most predominant criterion (n = 380), whereas color (n = 224) and visual appearance (n = 129) of the lesion were less often selected. The most often chosen risk factors for RCL were poor oral hygiene and presence of biofilm.The responses were significantly influenced by the participants' place of education, their age and working area. CONCLUSION The present survey highlights the huge diversity in diagnosing, recording and assessing risk factors of RCL. The benefits of an appropriate diagnosis, recording and management of risk factors of RCL should be highlighted in under- and postgraduate dental education. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A great diversity in diagnosing, recording and assessing risk factors of RCL was observed, which migh strongly impact how dentists manage RCL. The study emphasizes the necessity for intensive efforts to bridge the gap between guideline recommendations and their implementation in private dental practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Johannes Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Kaspari
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Maniewicz
- Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland; Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Christian Tennert
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
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Sakae LO, Prado TP, Bezerra SJC, Niemeyer SH, Borges AB, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Film-Forming Polymers for Inhibition of Hydroxyapatite Dissolution: A Screening Study. Caries Res 2023; 57:602-612. [PMID: 37848001 DOI: 10.1159/000533546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of film-forming polymer solutions of different concentrations and pH values, either associated or not with sodium fluoride (F; 225 ppm F-), when applied during the initial stage of salivary pellicle formation, to prevent the dissolution of hydroxyapatite (HA), which was determined by the pH-stat method. Polyacrylic acid (PA), chitosan, sodium linear polyphosphate (LPP), polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride (PVM/MA), and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) were tested in three concentrations (lower, medium, and higher), two pH values (native or adjusted), and either associated or not with F. Distilled water, F, and stannous ion+fluoride (Sn/F; 225 ppm F- and 800 ppm Sn2+, as SnCl2) solutions were the controls, totalizing 63 groups. HA crystals were pretreated with human saliva for 1 min to allow pellicle formation, then immersed in the experimental solutions (1 min), and exposed to saliva for another 28 min. Subsequently, they were added to a 0.3% citric acid solution (pH = 3.8), connected to a pH-stat system that added aliquots of 28 μL 0.1 N HCl for a total reaction time of 5 min. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). For PA alone, the concentrations of 0.1% (native pH), 0.06%, and 0.08% (both pH adjusted) showed significantly lower HA dissolution than the negative control. PA concentrations of 0.1% and 0.08%, of both pH values, improved the effect of F against HA dissolution to a near-identical value as Sn/F. All solutions containing chitosan and LPP significantly reduced HA dissolution in comparison with the control. For chitosan, the concentration of 0.5% (in both pH values) improved the effect of F. LPP at 0.5% (native pH) and all associations of LPP with F outperformed the effect of F. Some PVM/MA solutions significantly reduced HA dissolution but PVM/MA could not improve the protection of F. PGA was incapable of reducing HA dissolution or improving F effect. It was concluded that chitosan, LPP, and some PA and PVM/MA solutions used alone were capable of reducing HA dissolution. Only PA, chitosan, and LPP were able to enhance fluoride protection, but for PA and chitosan, this was influenced by the polymer concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taiana Paola Prado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Buhler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Baumann T, Niemeyer SH, Lussi A, Scaramucci T, Carvalho TS. Rinsing solutions containing natural extracts and fluoride prevent enamel erosion in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230108. [PMID: 37493702 PMCID: PMC10382078 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols interact with salivary proteins and thus can improve the pellicle's erosion protective properties. This effect could be exploited to create rinsing solutions with polyphenols as active ingredients for erosion prevention. Different from the current gold standard for erosion protective rinsing solutions, these rinses would not rely on stannous ions. This would offer alternatives for patients with concerns regarding the composition of rinsing solutions and preferring bio-products. OBJECTIVE To develop an erosion-preventive rinsing solution containing natural polyphenol-rich extracts. METHODOLOGY Solutions were prepared with polyphenols from either grapeseed extract or cranberry extract, 500 ppm fluoride added, and additionally flavors and sweeteners. Controls were deionized water, 500 ppm fluoride solution, and the gold standard rinse in the field (Sn2+/F-). In total, 135 enamel specimens (n=15/group) were subjected to five cycles of salivary pellicle formation (30 min, 37°C), modification with the solutions (2 min, 25°C), further salivary pellicle formation (60 min, 37°C), and erosive challenge (1 min, 1% citric acid, pH 3.6). Relative surface microhardness (rSMH), surface reflection intensity (rSRI), and amount of calcium release (CaR) were investigated. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The polyphenol solutions containing fluoride, as well as additional flavors, protected enamel better than fluoride alone, and similar to the Sn2+/F- solution, when investigating both rSMH and CaR. When measuring rSRI, Sn2+/F- showed the best protection, while the polyphenol solutions were similar to fluoride. CONCLUSION For two of the three assessed parameters (rSMH and CaR), both developed polyphenol-rich rinsing solutions were able to protect enamel from erosion, improving/potentializing the effect of fluoride and matching the protection offered by the current gold standard rinsing solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Baumann
- University of Bern, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- University of Bern, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- University of Bern, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departmento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- University of Bern, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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Niemeyer SH, Maniewicz S, Campus G, Tennert C, Yilmaz B, Zekeridou A, Roccuzzo A, Esteves-Oliveira M, Carvalho TS, Wierichs RJ. Design, development and validation of a questionnaire to assess dentists' knowledge and experience in diagnosing, recording, and managing root caries. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2705-2711. [PMID: 36629963 PMCID: PMC10264516 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of root caries is increasing globally, especially in the elderly population, and even though the number of patients with root caries lesions is augmenting, there are still many discrepancies in how dentists manage this condition. The present study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate how dentists diagnose, record and manage root caries lesions, and to verify the validity and reliability of this questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS An expert panel developed a self-administered questionnaire survey with three domains: (1) dentists' knowledge on diagnosis, recording, and managing root caries; (2) information about their current general clinical routines; (3) their demographics. The original English [E] version was translated into three different languages (French [F], German [G], Italian [I]), and subsequently back-translated into English by independent dentists. For the validation, 82 dentists (20-22 for each of the translated versions) accepted to answer the questionnaire at two different time-points (with 1-week interval). The data was quality checked. Construct validity, internal reliability, and intra-class correlation (ICC) were assessed. RESULTS Seventy-seven dentists completed the questionnaire twice [E: 17; F: 19; G: 19; I: 22]. The mean ICC (standard deviation) was 0.98(0.03) for E, 0.90(0.12) for F, 0.98 (0.04) for G, and 0.98 (0.01) for I. Overall, the test-retest reliability was excellent (mean ICC (SD): 0.96 (0.08)). Furthermore, the questionnaire demonstrated good internal reliability (inter-observer reliability; Fleiss kappa: overall:0.27(fair); E:0.30 (fair); F: 0.33(fair); G: 0.33(fair); I: 0.89 (almost perfect)). CONCLUSION The questionnaire was validated and is suitable to be used in the four languages to assess the knowledge of dentists on diagnosing, recording and managing root caries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The present questionnaire was validated and seems to be a good tool to evaluate how dentists diagnose, record, and manage root caries lesions both in its original (English) and its translated (French, German, and Italian) versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, zmk bern Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sabrina Maniewicz
- Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, zmk bern Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Christian Tennert
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, zmk bern Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, zmk bern Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, University of Bern, zmk bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alkisti Zekeridou
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Roccuzzo
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, zmk bern Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Esteves-Oliveira
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, zmk bern Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thiago S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, zmk bern Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard Johannes Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, zmk bern Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Baumann T, Niemeyer SH, Buzalaf MAR, Carvalho TS. Protease-inhibitors added to saliva in vitro influence the erosion protective effect of enamel pellicles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8618. [PMID: 37244955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to pellicles formed in vivo, pellicles formed in vitro provide little to no erosion protection for enamel, possibly due to protein degradation from proteases during pellicle formation. With the objective to achieve a more similar effect as observed for in vivo pellicles, the effects of adding protease inhibitors (PI) to saliva in vitro, and/or exchanging saliva repeatedly during pellicle formation were investigated in a cyclic model of pellicle formation and erosion with human enamel specimens. We repeatedly assessed surface microhardness (SMH), measured initial and final surface reflection intensity (SRI), and determined calcium released during erosion. For all the parameters tested, we observed a clear positive effect on erosion protection when adding PI to saliva for pellicle formation: SMH remained harder, SRI remained higher, and less calcium was released. Additionally, exchanging saliva with fresh one during pellicle formation led to a protective effect, but not as strong as the addition of PI. We conclude that adding protease inhibitors to saliva in vitro for pellicle formation leads to an erosion protective effect, which was further increased by repeatedly exchanging the saliva. Whether the pellicle itself more closely resembles in vivo pellicles remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Niemeyer SH, Baumann T, Lussi A, Scaramucci T, Carvalho TS. Plant extracts have dual mechanism on the protection against dentine erosion: action on the dentine substrate and modification of the salivary pellicle. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7089. [PMID: 37130893 PMCID: PMC10154312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of some polyphenol-rich plant extracts on the protection of dentine against demineralization, both acting on the dentine and on the salivary pellicle. Dentine specimens (n = 180) were randomly distributed into 6 experimental groups (n = 30/group): Control (deionized water), Açaí extract, Blueberry extract, Green tea extract, Grape seed extract, and Sn2+/F- (mouthrinse containing stannous and fluoride). Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 15), according to the site of action of the substance: on the dentine surface (D) or on the salivary pellicle (P). The specimens were submitted to 10 cycles: 30 min incubation in human saliva (P) or only in humid chamber (D), 2 min immersion in experimental substances, 60 min of incubation in saliva (P) or not (D), and 1 min erosive challenge. Dentine surface loss (DSL), amount of degraded collagen (dColl) and total calcium release were analyzed. Green tea, Grape seed and Sn2+/F- showed significant protection, with least DSL and dColl. The Sn2+/F- showed better protection on D than on P, whereas Green tea and Grape seed showed a dual mode of action, with good results on D, and even better on P. Sn2+/F- showed the lowest values of calcium release, not differing only from Grape seed. Sn2+/F- is more effective when acting directly on the dentine surface, while Green tea and Grape seed have a dual mode of action: with a positive effect on the dentine surface itself, but an improved efficacy in the presence of the salivary pellicle. We further elucidate the mechanism of action of different active ingredients on dentine erosion, where Sn2+/F- acts better on the dentine surface, but plant extracts have a dual mode of action, acting on the dentine itself as well as on the salivary pellicle, improving the protection against acid demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Sakae LO, Renzo ALM, Viana ÍEL, Niemeyer SH, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Impact of different brushing/abrasion protocols on erosive tooth wear for in vitro studies. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 148:105657. [PMID: 36827929 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of different toothbrushing (with dentifrice) protocols on the progression of erosive tooth wear for in vitro studies. DESIGN Bovine enamel specimens were randomly distributed into 12 experimental groups (n = 10), according to the study factors: (1) brushing movement (horizontal or circular); (2) slurry diluent (artificial saliva or distilled water); (3) toothpaste dilution ratio (1:2, 1:3 or 1:4). A 5-day erosion-abrasion cycling model was performed, each consisting of 4 erosive challenges (0.3 % citric acid, pH=2.6) followed by 60 min exposure to artificial saliva. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste (15 s, 1400 ppm F-, AmF) was carried out 2x/day. Enamel surface loss (SL) was determined by optical profilometry. Data were statistically analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS SL was lower for the horizontal movement than for the circular (p = 0.044). There were no significant differences among the dilution ratios for artificial saliva. For distilled water, the more concentrated slurry (1:2) presented greater surface loss than the less concentrated slurries (1:3 and 1:4, p = 0.049 and p = 0.014, respectively). Dilutions with artificial saliva at ratios 1:3 and 1:4 presented higher surface loss than with distilled water (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively); however, for 1:2 ratio, there were no significant differences between the diluents. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro progression of enamel SL was influenced by the brushing movement, as well as the combination of the dilution ratio and the diluent of the toothpaste slurry, and therefore, all these factors must be considered when comparing results from different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luísa Meira Renzo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Niemeyer SH, Jovanovic N, Sezer S, Wittwer LS, Baumann T, Saads Carvalho T. Dual protective effect of the association of plant extracts and fluoride against dentine erosion: In the presence and absence of salivary pellicle. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285931. [PMID: 37200261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To verify the protective effect of plant extracts associated with fluoride against dental erosion of dentine, in the presence and absence of a salivary pellicle. METHODS Dentine specimens (n = 270) were randomly distributed into 9 experimental groups (n = 30/group): GT (green tea extract); BE (blueberry extract); GSE (grape seed extract); NaF (sodium fluoride); GT+NaF (green tea extract and NaF); BE+NaF (blueberry extract and NaF); GSE+NaF (grape seed extract and NaF); negative control (deionized water); and a positive control (commercialized mouthrinse containing stannous and fluoride). Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 15), according to the presence (P) or absence (NP) of salivary pellicle. The specimens were submitted to 10 cycles: 30 min incubation in human saliva (P) or only in humid chamber (NP), 2 min immersion in experimental solutions, 60 min of incubation in saliva (P) or not (NP), and 1 min erosive challenge. Dentine surface loss (dSL-10 and dSL-total), amount of degraded collagen (dColl) and total calcium release (CaR) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's and Mann-Whitney U tests (p>0.05). RESULTS Overall, the negative control presented the highest values of dSL, dColl and CaR, and the plant extracts showed different degrees of dentine protection. For the subgroup NP, GSE showed the best protection of the extracts, and the presence of fluoride generally further improved the protection for all extracts. For the subgroup P, only BE provided protection, while the presence of fluoride had no impact on dSL and dColl, but lowered CaR. The protection of the positive control was more evident on CaR than on dColl. CONCLUSION We can conclude that the plant extracts showed a protective effect against dentine erosion, regardless of the presence of salivary pellicle, and that the fluoride seems to improve their protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Jovanovic
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sindy Sezer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Sébastien Wittwer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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de Lima LC, Viana ÍEL, da Paz SLP, Bezerra SJC, Mayer-Santos E, Niemeyer SH, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Impact of desensitizing/whitening toothpastes on tooth color change after abrasion and erosion-abrasion. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:933-941. [PMID: 35233931 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of desensitizing toothpastes (D), their whitening versions (DW) and whitening toothpastes (W) on tooth color change. METHODS Tooth specimens were allocated into 11 groups (n = 10): 1. Artificial saliva (control); 2. Sensodyne Repair & Protect (SRP-D); 3. Sensodyne Repair & Protect Whitening (SRP-DW); 4. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief (CSPR-D); 5. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief Real White (CSPR-DW); 6. Colgate Total 12 (CT12); 7. Colgate Total 12 Whitening (CT12-W); 8. Sensodyne True White (ST-W); 9. Curaprox Black Is White (CB-W); 10.Oral-B 3D White Perfection (OB3D-W) and 11. Erosion-only. They were submitted to two models: A. abrasion; B. erosion/abrasion. Color change (ΔE00 ), ΔL, Δa, and Δb were determined with a spectrophotometer. Data were statistically evaluated (α = 0.05). RESULTS For both models, ∆E00 of D did not differ significantly from DW. An overall decrease in luminosity (-∆L) and increase (+∆b) in yellowness of the tooth occurred. In abrasion, all groups reduced redness (-∆a) and only SRP-DW differed from control (p = 0.016), but for ∆E00 , ∆L and ∆b, all toothpastes did not differ from the control. In erosion/abrasion, CB-W showed significantly lower ∆E00 and ∆b than the control (∆E00 : p = 0.026; ∆b: p = 0.005) and SRP-D (∆E00 : p = 0.028; ∆b: p = 0.025). Only SRP-DW, CSPR-DW, ST-W, CB-W, and erosion-only had increased redness (+∆a), but none differed from control. CONCLUSIONS The toothpastes did neither promote whitening nor avoid the yellowish aspect of the tooth after abrasion and erosion-abrasion, regardless of their claim. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Desensitizing and/or whitening toothpastes induced similar changes on tooth color, without promoting whitening effect or reduction in its yellowish aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Custódio de Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Laís Pereira da Paz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eric Mayer-Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
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Taioqui Pelá V, Niemeyer SH, Baumann T, Levy FM, Henrique-Silva F, Lussi A, Carvalho TS, Buzalaf MAR. Acquired pellicle engineering using a combination of organic (sugarcane cystatin) and inorganic (sodium fluoride) components against dental erosion. Caries Res 2022; 56:138-145. [DOI: 10.1159/000522490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the combination of a sugarcane cystatin (CaneCPI-5) and sodium fluoride (NaF) in acquired pellicle engineering for the prevention of dental erosion in vitro. 75 human enamel specimens were prepared and divided into 5 treatment groups (n = 15/group): Deionized water (Control); Elmex™ (SnCl2/NaF/AmF); 0.1 mg/ml CaneCPI-5; 500 ppm NaF; and CaneCPI-5+NaF (Combination). The specimens were individually treated (200 μl; 2 min; 37 °C), then incubated in human saliva (200 μl; 1 h, at 37 °C) for acquired pellicle formation. Afterwards, the specimens were submitted to an erosive challenge (1% citric acid, pH 3.6, 10 ml, 2 min, 25 °C). This sequence was conducted 5 times. Percentage of surface microhardness change (%SMC), relative surface reflection intensity (rSRI) and calcium released to the citric acid (CR) were measured and analyzed by One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05). In general, all the treatments (SnCl2/NaF/AmF, CaneCPI-5, NaF and Combination) significantly protected the enamel when compared the control group. Regarding %SMC and rSRI, the Combination was the most effective treatment, reducing the %SMC significantly (p<0.01) when compared to all the other treatments, although this difference was not significant in the CR analysis. All treatments demonstrated a protective effect on enamel against dental erosion; however the combination of CaneCPI-5 with NaF showed a greater protection.
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Viana ÍEL, Weiss GS, Sakae LO, Niemeyer SH, Borges AB, Scaramucci T. Activated charcoal toothpastes do not increase erosive tooth wear. J Dent 2021; 109:103677. [PMID: 33895239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of activated charcoal toothpastes on enamel and dentin erosive wear. METHODS Ninety enamel and dentin slabs were randomly distributed into 9 experimental groups (n = 10/substrate): Artificial saliva (negative control); Elmex Caries (EXC - 1400 ppm F- as AmF, reference toothpaste without charcoal); Colgate Luminous White Activated Charcoal (CLW - 1000 ppm F- as MFP); Colgate Natural Extracts (CNE - 1450 ppm F- as NaF); Oral-B 3D White Mineral Clean (OMC - 1100 ppm F- as NaF); Curaprox Black is White (CBW - 950 ppm F- as MFP); Bianco Carbon (BIC - no F-); Natural Suavetex (NSX - no F-); Oralgen Nupearl Advanced (ONA - no F-). Specimens were submitted to a 5-day erosion-toothbrushing abrasion cycling. Surface loss (SL) was determined with an optical profilometer. pH and concentration of available fluoride in the slurries were also assessed. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS For both substrates, CBW, CNE and EXC had significantly lower SL values than the control. CLW and OMC promoted significantly less dentin wear than the control. All the other groups did not differ significantly from the control. There was a strong negative correlation between SL and concentration of fluoride in the slurries for enamel (r = -0.77) and dentin (r = -0.91), and a strong positive correlation (r = 0.77) between enamel SL and pH. CONCLUSIONS For both substrates, none of the activated charcoal-based toothpastes resulted in higher SL than brushing with artificial saliva. Only two of the charcoal toothpastes and the reference toothpaste were able to provide further protection against SL. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Activated charcoal-containing toothpastes are becoming popular, despite the absence of evidence supporting their safety for use by individuals with erosive tooth wear. These products did not pose an additional risk for these subjects. However, it would be preferable to use products that exhibits further protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 2227 Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Stangler Weiss
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 2227 Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 2227 Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, 777 Engenheiro Francisco José Longo Avenue, 12245-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 2227 Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Pelá VT, Buzalaf MAR, Niemeyer SH, Baumann T, Henrique-Silva F, Toyama D, Crusca E, Marchetto R, Lussi A, Carvalho TS. Acquired pellicle engineering with proteins/peptides: Mechanism of action on native human enamel surface. J Dent 2021; 107:103612. [PMID: 33621617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the mechanism of action of different proteins/peptides (separately or in combination), focusing on how they act directly on the native enamel surface and on modifying the salivary pellicle. METHODS A total of 170 native human enamel specimens were prepared and submitted to different treatments (2 h; 37 °C): with deionized water, CaneCPI-5, Hemoglobin, Statherin, or a combination of all three proteins/peptides. The groups were subdivided into treatment acting on the enamel surface (NoP - absence of salivary pellicle), and treatment modifying the salivary pellicle (P). Treatment was made (2 h; 37 °C) in all specimens, and later, for P, the specimens were incubated in human saliva (2 h; 37 °C). In both cases, the specimens were immersed in 1% citric acid (pH 3.6; 2 min; 25 °C). Calcium released from enamel (CaR) and its relative surface reflection intensity (%SRI) was measured after 5 cycles. Between-group differences were verified with two-way ANOVA, with "presence of pellicle" and "treatment" as factors (α = 0.05). RESULTS The presence of pellicle provided better protection regarding %SRI (p < 0.01), but not regarding CaR (p = 0.201). In relation to treatment, when compared to the control group, all proteins/peptides provided significantly better protection (p < 0.01 for %SRI and Car). The combination of all three proteins/peptides demonstrated the best protective effect (p < 0.01 for %SRI). CONCLUSION Depending on the protein or peptide, its erosion-inhibiting effect derives from their interaction with the enamel surface or from modifying the pellicle, so a combination of proteins and peptides provides the best protection. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study opens a new direction for a possible treatment with a combination of proteins for native human enamel, which can act directly on the enamel surface as well on the modification of the salivary pellicle, for the prevention of dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Taioqui Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, BE, Switzerland.
| | | | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, BE, Switzerland.
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, BE, Switzerland.
| | - Flávio Henrique-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danyelle Toyama
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edson Crusca
- Chemistry Institute, Paulista State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, BE, Switzerland.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, BE, Switzerland.
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Niemeyer SH, Baumann T, Lussi A, Meyer-Lueckel H, Scaramucci T, Carvalho TS. Salivary pellicle modification with polyphenol-rich teas and natural extracts to improve protection against dental erosion. J Dent 2020; 105:103567. [PMID: 33387569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the modification of the salivary pellicle with different polyphenol-rich teas and natural extracts for the protection against dental erosion. METHODS We performed two experiments: one with teas (Green tea, Black tea, Peppermint tea, Rosehip tea, negative control [NC]) and other with natural extracts (Grape seed, Grapefruit seed, Cranberry, Propolis, NC), where NC was deionized water. A total of 150 enamel specimens were used (n = 15/group). Both experiments followed the same design, consisting of 5 cycles of: salivary pellicle formation (30 min, 37 °C), modification with the solutions (30 min, 25 °C), further salivary pellicle formation (60 min, 37 °C) and erosive challenge (1 min, 1% citric acid, pH 3.6). Relative surface microhardness (rSMH), relative surface reflection intensity (rSRI) and amount of calcium release (CaR) were evaluated. Data were analysed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). RESULTS Regarding teas, Black and Green teas showed the best protection against dental erosion, presenting higher rSMH and lower CaR than NC. Peppermint tea was not different to NC and Rosehip tea caused erosion, showing the highest CaR and greatest loss of SMH and SRI. Regarding natural extracts, Grape seed and Grapefruit seed extracts presented the best protective effect, with significantly higher rSMH and lower CaR. Cranberry caused significantly more demineralization; and Propolis did not differ from NC. CONCLUSION Green tea, Black tea, Grape seed extract and Grapefruit seed extract were able to modify the salivary pellicle and improve its protective effect against enamel erosion, but Rosehip tea and Cranberry extract caused erosion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Some some bio-products, such as teas and natural extracts, improve the protective effect of the salivary pellicle against enamel erosion. More studies should be performed in order to test the viability of their use as active ingredients for oral care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Zip code: 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Sakae LO, Niemeyer SH, Bezerra SJC, Borges AB, Turssi CP, Scaramucci T. The Addition of Propylene Glycol Alginate to a Fluoride Solution to Control Enamel Wear: An in situ Study. Caries Res 2020; 54:517-523. [PMID: 33176315 DOI: 10.1159/000511261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of propylene glycol alginate (PGA) associated with sodium fluoride (NaF) against enamel erosion and erosion-abrasion. A 4-phase, split-mouth, double-blind, crossover in situ trial was conducted with the following solutions: F + PGA (225 ppm F- + 0.1% PGA), F (225 ppm F-), F + Sn (225 ppm F- + SnCl2, 800 ppm Sn2+), and negative control (distilled water). In each phase, 12 subjects wore removable mandibular appliances containing 4 enamel specimens, which were submitted either to erosion or to erosion-abrasion challenges for 5 days. Acquired salivary pellicle was formed in situ for 2 h. Erosion-abrasion consisted of acid challenge (1% citric acid solution, pH 2.3, 5 min, 4×/day), exposure to saliva in situ (2 h, 4×/day), brushing (5 s, total 2 min exposure to the slurry), and treatment with the solutions (2 min, 2×/day). For erosion, the same procedures were performed, without brushing. At the end, surface loss (SL; in μm) was evaluated by means of optical profilometry. KOH-soluble fluoride was quantified for erosion-only groups using extra specimens. For both challenges, the SL values found for F + PGA did not differ significantly from those of F and the negative control, and the SL value shown for F + Sn was significantly the lowest. Erosion-abrasion promoted significantly higher SL values than erosion. KOH-soluble fluoride analysis showed that F + Sn had a higher fluoride concentration in comparison with the negative control and F, while F + PGA did not differ from any of the other groups. In conclusion, PGA was not able to improve the protective effect of NaF against erosive enamel wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessandra Buhler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Pedroso Turssi
- Division of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
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