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Paladini F, Fiorillo MT, Tedeschi V, Mattorre B, Sorrentino R. The Multifaceted Nature of Aminopeptidases ERAP1, ERAP2, and LNPEP: From Evolution to Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1576. [PMID: 32793222 PMCID: PMC7390905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human genome, the aminopeptidases ERAP1, ERAP2 and LNPEP lie contiguously on chromosome 5. They share sequence homology, functions and associations with immune-mediated diseases. By analyzing their multifaceted activities as well as their expression in the zoological scale, we suggest here that the progenitor of the three aminopeptidases might be LNPEP from which the other two aminopeptidases could have derived by gene duplications. We also propose that their functions are partially redundant. More precisely, the evolutionary story of the three aminopeptidases might have been dictated by their role in regulating the renin–angiotensin system, which requires their controlled and coordinated expression. This hypothesis is supported by the many species that lack one or the other gene as well as by the lack of ERAP2 in rodents and a null expression in 25% of humans. Finally, we speculate that their role in antigen presentation has been acquired later on during evolution. They have therefore been diversified between those residing in the ER, ERAP1 and ERAP2, whose role is to refine the MHC-I peptidomes, and LNPEP, mostly present in the endosomal vesicles where it can contribute to antigen cross-presentation or move to the cell membrane as receptor for angiotensin IV. Their association with autoinflammatory/autoimmune diseases can therefore be two-fold: as “contributors” to the shaping of the immune-peptidomes as well as to the regulation of the vascular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Paladini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mattorre
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Sorrentino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Ramezani M, Zavattaro E, Sadeghi M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and susceptibility to psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:8. [PMID: 31914957 PMCID: PMC6950807 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a multifactorial disorder, impacted by both genetic and environmental factors. Herein, a meta-analysis assessed the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism and psoriasis susceptibility. METHODS A systematic search was used in databases of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to January 2019 without language restriction. A dichotomous analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.3 using crude odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to investigate the association between ACE I/D polymorphisms and the risk of psoriasis. A funnel plot analysis was used by CMA 2.0 to estimate a significant existence of publication bias. RESULTS Out of 61 studies retrieved from the databases, 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled ORs for models of D vs. I, DD vs. II, ID vs. II, ID + DD vs. II, and DD vs. II + ID genotypes were 0.96 [95%CI: 0.82, 1.12; P = 0.58], 0.99 [95%CI, 0.73, 1.36; P = 0.96], 0.81 [95%CI, 0.72, 0.91; p: 0.0003], 0.91 [95%CI, 0.73, 1.13; P = 0.40], and 1.05 [95%CI, 0.85, 1.30; P = 0.68], respectively. A significant difference between ACE polymorphisms in patients with/without family history for the disease [OR = 1.44; 95%CI: 1.24, 1.67; P < 0.001] and also in patients mild/severe psoriasis [OR = 0.70; 95%CI: 0.55, 0.88; P = 0.002] was identified. CONCLUSION The results of the meta-analysis showed that ACE I/D polymorphism may be associated with psoriasis susceptibility, while ID genotype seemed to have a protective role in Caucasian patients affected by psoriatic arthritis and in studies with hospital-based controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazaher Ramezani
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714415153, Iran
| | - Elisa Zavattaro
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro", 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Masoud Sadeghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714415185, Iran.
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6715847141, Iran.
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Cheng H, Li Y, Zuo XB, Tang HY, Tang XF, Gao JP, Sheng YJ, Yin XY, Zhou FS, Zhang C, Chen G, Zhu J, Pan Q, Liang B, Zheng XD, Li P, Ding YT, Cheng F, Luo J, Chang RX, Pan GB, Fan X, Wang ZX, Zhang AP, Liu JJ, Yang S, Sun LD, Zhang XJ. Identification of a missense variant in LNPEP that confers psoriasis risk. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:359-365. [PMID: 23897274 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex genetic architecture. To further advance gene discovery, we extended our genome-wide association study data set of 1,139 cases and 2,234 controls and replicated two independent cohorts of 7,200 cases and 10,491 controls. We identified the missense variant rs2303138 (p.Ala763Thr) within the LNPEP gene associated with psoriasis (Pcombined=1.83 × 10(-13), odds ratio=1.16) and validated four previously reported genes: IL28RA, NFKBIA, TRAF3IP2, and CARD14 (9.74 × 10(-11)P9.37 × 10(-5)), which confirmed the involvement of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in psoriasis pathogenesis. LNPEP, also named insulin-responsive aminopeptidase, was identified as an angiotensin IV receptor. Protein function prediction suggested that this missense variant of LNPEP was most likely deleterious. Expression analysis showed that LNPEP was significantly downregulated in psoriatic lesions compared with the control skin (P=1.44 × 10(-6)) and uninvolved patient skin (P=2.95 × 10(-4)). Pathway analysis indicated that LNPEP was involved in the renin-angiotensin system, which also has a key role in cardiovascular disease and diabetes. These results provided genetic evidence that psoriasis might share common mechanisms with hypertension and diabetes, which was consistent with clinical observations. Our study identified a genetic susceptibility factor and provided genetic evidence of insight into psoriasis pathogenesis with the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xian-Bo Zuo
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-Yang Tang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xian-Fa Tang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Ping Gao
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Jun Sheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xian-Yong Yin
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Pan
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Pan Li
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Tao Ding
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Rui-Xue Chang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Gong-Bu Pan
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zai-Xing Wang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - An-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Liang-Dan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.
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Antoniou GA, Lazarides MK, Patera S, Antoniou SA, Giannoukas AD, Georgiadis GS, Veletza SV. Assessment of insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in abdominal aortic aneurysm and inguinal hernia. Vascular 2012; 21:1-5. [DOI: 10.1258/vasc.2011.oa0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to determine whether the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and inguinal hernia. A case-control study was conducted in 264 subjects: 65 patients with AAA, 91 patients with inguinal hernia, 19 patients with both AAA and hernia, and 89 controls were investigated for the ACE I/D polymorphism. Genotype analysis was performed using a polymerase chain reaction technique. Significant differences in the genotype between the patient groups and controls were identified (aneurysm versus control, P = 0.011; aneurysm plus hernia versus control, P = 0.022; hernia versus control, P = 0.001), whereas no differences were found within patient groups. Patients with AAA and/ or hernia had an increased prevalence of I/D heterozygosity, which persisted even after adjusting for differences in confounding clinical variables (aneurysm versus control, OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.8, P = 0.005; aneurysm plus hernia versus control, OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.9, P = 0.040; hernia versus control, OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.7, P = 0.004). In conclusion, an association between the heterozygote ACE I/D state and the presence of AAA and/or hernia was identified. The role of the ACE I/D polymorphism in aneurysm and hernia needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Antoniou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41100 Larissa
| | - Miltos K Lazarides
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis
| | - Stefania Patera
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stavros A Antoniou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis
| | - Athanasios D Giannoukas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41100 Larissa
| | - George S Georgiadis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis
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