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Dai R, Xu Q, Shao Z, Wu X. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220723. [PMID: 37744457 PMCID: PMC10512449 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies show that vascular endothelial growth factor is an important regulator of hair growth, and involves in processes of hair follicle development by vascularization. Recently, VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) has been detected in epithelial cells of hair follicles, indicating that it may have a direct role in the biological activity of hair follicles. To explore how VEGFR-2 regulates hair follicle development, we investigated the co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with β-catenin, Bax, Bcl-2, involucrin, AE13 (hair cortex cytokeratin), keratin 16, keratin 14, and Laminin 5 by immunofluorescence double staining in anagen hair follicles of normal human scalp skin. The results of double staining immunofluorescence showed a strong overlapping and similar expression pattern for VEGFR-2 with β-catenin and Bcl-2, and revealing associated expression pattern with involucrin, AE13, keratin 14, keratin 16, and Laminin 5. These results elucidated that VEGFR-2 activation may participate in hair follicle differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qunye Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First People’s Hospital Daishan, 316261, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zheren Shao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjie Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, 310009, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Engineered Nanovesicles from Fibroblasts Modulate Dermal Papillae Cells In Vitro and Promote Human Hair Follicle Growth Ex Vivo. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244066. [PMID: 36552830 PMCID: PMC9777471 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a common medical condition affecting both sexes. Dermal papilla (DP) cells are the primary source of hair regeneration in alopecia patients. Therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are restricted by low yields, high costs, and their time-consuming collection process. Thus, engineered nanovesicles (eNVs) have emerged as suitable therapeutic biomaterials in translational medicine. We isolated eNVs by the serial extrusion of fibroblasts (FBs) using polycarbonate membrane filters and serial and ultracentrifugation. We studied the internalization, proliferation, and migration of human DP cells in the presence and absence of FB-eNVs. The therapeutic potential of FB-eNVs was studied on ex vivo organ cultures of human hair follicles (HFs) from three human participants. FB-eNVs (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 µg/mL) significantly enhanced DP cell proliferation, with the maximum effect observed at 7.5 µg/mL. FB-eNVs (5 and 10 µg/mL) significantly enhanced the migration of DP cells at 36 h. Western blotting results suggested that FB-eNVs contain vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-a. FB-eNV treatment increased the levels of PCNA, pAKT, pERK, and VEGF-receptor-2 (VEGFR2) in DP cells. Moreover, FB-eNVs increased the human HF shaft size in a short duration ex vivo. Altogether, FB-eNVs are promising therapeutic candidates for alopecia.
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Figueira TG, Dos Santos FV, Yoshioka SA. Development, characterization and in vivo evaluation of the ointment containing hyaluronic acid for potential wound healing applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1511-1530. [PMID: 35451917 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2068946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex biological process. In this context, hyaluronic acid (HA) plays an important role in all phases of wound healing, from inflammation to the remodelling process. Nevertheless, its presence in adults decreases by 50% compared to newborns, which drastically reduces tissue regeneration. In this sense, this work presented a new method of extracting HA from chicken combs, as well as the development and in vivo evaluation of an ointment composed of vaseline, lanolin and HA 1% (w/w) for wound healing. The rheological analysis showed that the ointment containing HA has a viscoelastic behaviour. The in vivo test showed on the 7th day that the group treated with the ointment containing HA had a wound area of 0.07 cm2 against 0.09 cm2 of the ointment without HA (vaseline, and lanolin). On the other hand, the groups treated with the HA ointment had a higher mean percentage of collagen and better healing on the 14th day. The results of this paper indicate that the new method used to obtain HA is feasible, low-cost, and easy to obtain. Furthermore, the HA containing ointment improved wound healing. Therefore, the obtained ointment has great potential for use as an effective biomaterial in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gomes Figueira
- Inter-units Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Vieira Dos Santos
- Department of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Akinobu Yoshioka
- Inter-units Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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4
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Lee YJ, Park SH, Park HR, Lee Y, Kang H, Kim JE. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Antagonize IFN-Induced Proinflammatory Changes and Growth Inhibition Effects via Wnt/β-Catenin and JAK/STAT Pathway in Human Outer Root Sheath Cells and Hair Follicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4581. [PMID: 33925529 PMCID: PMC8123883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT) has been shown to be a new therapeutic option for treating alopecia areata (AA). Outer root sheath cells (ORSCs) play key roles in maintaining the hair follicle structure and supporting the bulge area. In human ORSCs (hORSCs), the mechanism for this process has not been extensively studied. In this study, we aimed to examine the influence of human hematopoietic mesenchymal stem cells (hHMSCs) in the hORSCs in vitro model of AA and determine the mechanisms controlling efficacy. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) pretreatment was used to induce an in vitro model of AA in hORSCs. The effect of MSCT on the viability and migration of hORSCs was examined using co-cultures, the MTT assay, and migration assays. We investigated the expression of molecules related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, JAK/STAT pathway, and growth factors in hHMSC-treated hORSCs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analyses. hHMSCs increased hORSC viability and migration when they were co-cultured. hHMSCs reverted IFN-γ-induced expression-including NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, CXCL-9 through 11, IL-1β, and IL-15-and upregulated several growth factors and hair stem cell markers. hHMSCs activated several molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, such as in the Wnt families, β-catenin, phosphorylated GSK-3β and cyclin D1, and suppressed the expression of DKK1 induced by IFN-γ in hORSCs. hHMSCs suppressed the phosphorylation of JAK1 to 3, STAT1, and STAT3 compared to the controls and IFN-γ-pretreated hORSCs. These results demonstrate that hHMSCs increased hORSC viability and migration in the in vitro AA model. Additionally, MSCT definitely stimulated anagen survival and hair growth in an HF organ culture model. MSCT appeared to be associated with the Wnt/β-catenin and JAK/STAT pathways in hORSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (S.-H.P.); (H.-R.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Song-Hee Park
- Department of Dermatology, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (S.-H.P.); (H.-R.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Hye-Ree Park
- Department of Dermatology, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (S.-H.P.); (H.-R.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Hoon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (S.-H.P.); (H.-R.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (S.-H.P.); (H.-R.P.); (H.K.)
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5
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Dai B, Sha R, Yuan J, Liu D. Multiple potential roles of thymosin β4 in the growth and development of hair follicles. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1350-1358. [PMID: 33393222 PMCID: PMC7875905 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is an important mini-organ of the skin, composed of many types of cells. Dermal papilla cells are important signalling components that guide the proliferation, upward migration and differentiation of HF stem cell progenitor cells to form other types of HF cells. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a major actin-sequestering protein, is involved in various cellular responses and has recently been shown to play key roles in HF growth and development. Endogenous Tβ4 can activate the mouse HF cycle transition and affect HF growth and development by promoting the migration and differentiation of HF stem cells and their progeny. In addition, exogenous Tβ4 increases the rate of hair growth in mice and promotes cashmere production by increasing the number of secondary HFs (hair follicles) in cashmere goats. However, the molecular mechanisms through which Tβ4 promotes HF growth and development have rarely been reported. Herein, we review the functions and mechanisms of Tβ4 in HF growth and development and describe the endogenous and exogenous actions of Tβ4 in HFs to provide insights into the roles of Tβ4 in HF growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Dai
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland LivestockSchool of Life SciencesInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina
- Reproductive Medicine CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Ri‐Na Sha
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland LivestockSchool of Life SciencesInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina
- Pathology departmentThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Jian‐Long Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland LivestockSchool of Life SciencesInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina
- Clinical laboratoryThe Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Dong‐Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland LivestockSchool of Life SciencesInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina
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6
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Dong D, Fu Y, Chen F, Zhang J, Jia H, Li J, Wang H, Wen J. Hyperoxia sensitizes hypoxic HeLa cells to ionizing radiation by downregulating HIF‑1α and VEGF expression. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:62. [PMID: 33215223 PMCID: PMC7706008 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated whether hyperoxia may reverse hypoxia‑induced radioresistance (RR) in cervical cancer. Human HeLa cells exposed to hypoxic, normoxic or hyperoxic conditions were irradiated using X‑rays. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using MTT assays and flow cytometry. The expression levels of hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α), VEGF165, VEGFRs, Akt and ERK were measured via western blotting and/or ELISA. The results demonstrated that hypoxia stimulated HIF‑1α and VEGF expression, and induced RR in HeLa cells. The administration of recombinant VEGF or the forced expression of VEGF promoted RR, whereas inactivating HIF‑1α or blocking the VEGF‑VEGFR interaction abrogated hypoxia‑induced RR. Notably, hyperoxia decreased the level of hypoxia‑stimulated HIF‑1α and VEGF, and enhanced radiosensitivity in hypoxic HeLa cells. The results demonstrated that hyperoxia suppressed the hypoxia‑activated Akt and ERK signaling pathways in HeLa cells. Therefore, a high O2 concentration may be considered as a radiotherapeutic sensitizer for hypoxic HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Huailin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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7
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Goglia AG, Wilson MZ, Jena SG, Silbert J, Basta LP, Devenport D, Toettcher JE. A Live-Cell Screen for Altered Erk Dynamics Reveals Principles of Proliferative Control. Cell Syst 2020; 10:240-253.e6. [PMID: 32191874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Complex, time-varying responses have been observed widely in cell signaling, but how specific dynamics are generated or regulated is largely unknown. One major obstacle has been that high-throughput screens are typically incompatible with the live-cell assays used to monitor dynamics. Here, we address this challenge by screening a library of 429 kinase inhibitors and monitoring extracellular-regulated kinase (Erk) activity over 5 h in more than 80,000 single primary mouse keratinocytes. Our screen reveals both known and uncharacterized modulators of Erk dynamics, including inhibitors of non-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that increase Erk pulse frequency and overall activity. Using drug treatment and direct optogenetic control, we demonstrate that drug-induced changes to Erk dynamics alter the conditions under which cells proliferate. Our work opens the door to high-throughput screens using live-cell biosensors and reveals that cell proliferation integrates information from Erk dynamics as well as additional permissive cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Goglia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Maxwell Z Wilson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Siddhartha G Jena
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Jillian Silbert
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Lena P Basta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Jared E Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
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8
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Zhu JW, Ni YJ, Tong XY, Guo X, Wu XP, Lu ZF. Tranexamic Acid Inhibits Angiogenesis and Melanogenesis in Vitro by Targeting VEGF Receptors. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:903-911. [PMID: 32308543 PMCID: PMC7163366 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.44188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a common but complex skin condition concerning cosmetic problems. Tranexamic acid (TA) has been proved to be effective in treatment of melasma with still unclear mechanisms. Here, we show that VEGF165 enhanced the expression of VEGF receptors (VEGFRs, including VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and NRP-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which was attenuated by TA. VEGF165 also promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in HUVECs, which was again abolished by TA. TA further showed similar effects to neutralization of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation of HUVECs induced by VEGF165, suggesting that TA could inhibit angiogenesis by targeting VEGFRs in HUVECs. In addition, VEGF165 enhanced the expression of VEGFRs and promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in normal human melanocytes, which were also attenuated by TA. Furthermore, TA showed similar effects to neutralization of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in inhibiting tyrosinase activity, melanin production and even melanogenic proteins induced by VEGF165, suggesting that TA could reduce melanogenesis via inhibiting activation of VEGFRs and subsequent expression of melanogenic proteins in melanocytes. Taken together, we demonstrate that TA can inhibit angiogenesis and melanogenesis in vitro at least in part by targeting VEGFRs, which may offer a new understanding of the pathogenesis of melasma as well as the molecular mechanism for TA in treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12, Lingyin Rd., Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ya-Jie Ni
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12, Lingyin Rd., Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Tong
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12, Lingyin Rd., Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12, Lingyin Rd., Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12, Lingyin Rd., Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhong-Fa Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Rd., Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
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9
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Zhu JW, Ni YJ, Tong XY, Guo X, Wu XP. Activation of VEGF receptors in response to UVB promotes cell proliferation and melanogenesis of normal human melanocytes. Exp Cell Res 2019; 387:111798. [PMID: 31874175 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) are high-affinity receptors for VEGF and signaling via VEGFRs extends beyond the classical roles in blood vessel formation. We previously showed VEGFRs were also expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and activation of VEGFR-2 by ultraviolet B (UVB) was involved in the pro-survival mechanism. Here, we show that both VEGF165 and UVB enhanced the expression of VEGFRs (including VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and NRP-1) in normal human melanocytes, and increased expression of VEGFRs by UVB was mediated through hypoxia and oxidative stress. Also, VEGF165 and UVB promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, and UVB-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 required PKA but not P38 MAPK. In addition, UVB and VEGF165 contributed to the over-expression of melanogenic proteins in melanocytes, which could be reduced by neutralization of VEGFR-1 and/or VEGFR-2. UVB, but not VEGF165 promoted cell proliferation, while neutralization of VEGFR-1 and/or VEGFR-2 abolished this effect. UVB showed stronger than VEGF165 in promoting tyrosinase activity and melanin production, while neutralization of VEGFR-2 was stronger in reducing these effects than that of VEGFR-1. Furthermore, tranexamic acid (TA) decreased tyrosinase activity and melanin production via inhibiting activation of VEGFRs and subsequent expression of melanogenic proteins in melanocytes. Taken together, we demonstrate that VEGFRs are functionally involved in UVB-induced melanogenesis, and TA can inhibit melanogenesis at least in part by targeting VEGFRs in melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12, Lingyin Rd., Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ya-Jie Ni
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12, Lingyin Rd., Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Tong
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12, Lingyin Rd., Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12, Lingyin Rd., Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12, Lingyin Rd., Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
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Phamacopuncture and Dermal Application of Sebalgukhwa-san: Effects on Hair Growth in a Mouse Model of Alopecia. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.13045/jar.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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11
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Wu XJ, Jing J, Lu ZF, Zheng M. VEGFR-2 Is in a State of Activation in Hair Follicles, Sebaceous Glands, Eccrine Sweat Glands, and Epidermis from Human Scalp: An In Situ Immunohistochemistry Study of Phosphorylated VEGFR-2. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2019; 25:107-112. [PMID: 30918240 PMCID: PMC6450176 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.914570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research reports that VEGFR-2 is expressed in the whole hair follicle, sebaceous glands, eccrine sweat glands, and epidermis. However, phosphorylated VEGFR-2 was not found, and it could not be ascertained whether the activated form of VEGFR-2 actually participates in the biological control of epidermal appendages. In this study we aimed to determine whether the VEGFR-2 pathway is directly involved in the daily regulation of epidermal appendages biology. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we investigated the expression of phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 by immunohistochemical analysis in the epidermis and epidermal appendages in normal human scalp skin. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in a whole hair follicle, mainly in the infundibulum basal layer, hair cortex, and medulla in the isthmus, and matrix in the hair bulb. Phosphorylated VEGFR-2 also was found in the sebaceous glands, eccrine sweat glands, and epidermis. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we suggest that VEGFR-2 activation is involved in routine regulation of human epidermal appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Jie Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhong-Fa Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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12
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Zhou L, Wang H, Jing J, Yu L, Wu X, Lu Z. Morroniside regulates hair growth and cycle transition via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13785. [PMID: 30213979 PMCID: PMC6137235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair loss is characterized by a shortened hair anagen phase and hair follicles (HF) miniaturization. Morroniside is the most abundant iridoid glycoside extracted from Cornus officinalis and has various bioactivities in different cell functions and tissue regeneration. In this study, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanism of morroniside on hair growth and regulation of HF cycle transition. Morroniside treatment significantly enhanced outer root sheath cell (ORSC) proliferation and migration in vitro. Additionally, morroniside upregulated Wnt10b, β-catenin and lef1. The enhanced ORSC proliferation and migration due to morroniside treatment were partly rescued by a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, DKK1. Furthermore, in a hair-induced mouse model, morroniside injection accelerated the onset of anagen and delayed HF catagen, as shown by histological examination. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway expression was upregulated in the HFs. These findings suggest that morroniside regulates HF growth and development partly through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and may be a potential treatment for hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjie Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongfa Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Zhou L, Jing J, Wang H, Wu X, Lu Z. Decorin promotes proliferation and migration of ORS keratinocytes and maintains hair anagen in mice. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1237-1244. [PMID: 30099770 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
DECORIN is a prototypical member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family that plays important roles in numerous biological processes and cellular biological pathways. We previously showed that Decorin expression was highly enhanced in mouse dorsal hair follicles (HFs) during the anagen phase and was reduced during the catagen and telogen phases, suggesting that Decorin might modulate follicular cycling and morphogenesis. In this study, to further clarify the effects of DECORIN on hair cells and the cycling transition, an in vitro overexpression strategy and Decorin-null (Dcn-/- ) mice were used to investigate the effects of DECORIN on outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes. DECORIN overexpression significantly enhanced proliferation and migration in ORS keratinocytes in vitro. Moreover, DECORIN overexpression upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of WNT10b, β-CATENIN and LEF1. The DECORIN overexpression-induced increase in the proliferation and migration of ORS keratinocytes was partially inhibited by a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor. Furthermore, Dcn-/- mice had a shortened anagen phase and lower levels of β-catenin expression than were observed in wild-type mice in imaging and histological analyses. Taken together, these findings suggest that DECORIN promotes the proliferation and migration of ORS keratinocytes in vitro and maintains hair anagen in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjie Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongfa Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Wu XJ, Jing J, Lu ZF, Zheng M. Expression and localization of VEGFR-2 in hair follicles during induced hair growth in mice. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:591-598. [PMID: 29909529 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, VEGFR-2 has been detected not only in vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells but also in some non-vascular endothelial cells, particularly human hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. In addition, VEGFR-2 has been confirmed to play direct roles in hair follicle keratinocyte regulation beyond simply angiogenesis. To elucidate whether VEGFR-2 activation plays a role in hair follicle cycling regulation, immunofluorescence of VEGFR-2 expression was performed during hair cycling of the dorsum of the mouse induced by hair plucking. We observed that staining for VEGFR-2 in hair follicles during anagen II and IV was much stronger than during anagen VI, catagen and telogen. During anagen II, intense staining for VEGFR-2 was observed on the keratinocyte strands of the hair follicle. Subsequently, we detected intense staining for VEGFR-2 in the ORS, IRS and hair bulb during anagen IV. Moderate staining for VEGFR-2 was detected in the ORS and hair bulb, but staining was most intense in IRS during anagen VI. During catagen, staining for VEGFR-2 in the IRS remained intense, while staining in the ORS and hair bulb was significantly weakened and was negative in the dermal papilla. During telogen, we detected VEGFR-2 in germ cells, cap, and club hair adjoining the epidermis. In conclusion, VEGFR-2 was expressed on the hair follicles of the dorsum of the mouse and varied in expression on the mouse hair follicles during hair cycling, suggesting that VEGFR-2 may exert roles in hair cycle regulation in hair follicles on the dorsum of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Jie Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhong-Fa Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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15
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Zhou L, Wang H, Jing J, Yu L, Wu X, Lu Z. Regulation of hair follicle development by exosomes derived from dermal papilla cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:325-332. [PMID: 29654758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) play a critical role in the regulation of hair follicle (HF) growth, formation, and cycling. DPCs are thought to regulate HF growth through a paracrine mechanism, in which exosomes may play a critical role. METHODS DPC-Exos were cutaneously injected into HFs at different HF cycle stages and the effects were evaluated by histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The effects of DPC-Exos on proliferation, migration, and cell cycle status of outer root sheath cells (ORSCs) were evaluated. After treatment of DPC-Exos, changes in mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in ORSCs were detected. RESULTS DPC-Exos were approximately 105 nm in diameter and expressed tumor susceptibility gene 101, cluster of differentiation (CD)9, and CD63. Injection of DPC-Exos accelerated the onset of HF anagen and delayed catagen in mice. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that β-catenin and Shh levels were upregulated in the skin. In vitro, DPC-Exo treatment enhanced ORSC proliferation and migration, and stimulated the expression of β-catenin and Shh. CONCLUSION DPC-Exos contribute to the regulation of HF growth and development, and provide a potential avenue for the treatment of hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjie Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongfa Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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16
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Jobe NP, Živicová V, Mifková A, Rösel D, Dvořánková B, Kodet O, Strnad H, Kolář M, Šedo A, Smetana K, Strnadová K, Brábek J, Lacina L. Fibroblasts potentiate melanoma cells in vitro invasiveness induced by UV-irradiated keratinocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:503-516. [PMID: 29435761 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma represents a malignant disease with steadily increasing incidence. UV-irradiation is a recognized key factor in melanoma initiation. Therefore, the efficient prevention of UV tissue damage bears a critical potential for melanoma prevention. In this study, we tested the effect of UV irradiation of normal keratinocytes and their consequent interaction with normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts isolated from melanoma, respectively. Using this model of UV influenced microenvironment, we measured melanoma cell migration in 3-D collagen gels. These interactions were studied using DNA microarray technology, immunofluorescence staining, single cell electrophoresis assay, viability (dead/life) cell detection methods, and migration analysis. We observed that three 10 mJ/cm2 fractions at equal intervals over 72 h applied on keratinocytes lead to a 50% increase (p < 0.05) in in vitro invasion of melanoma cells. The introduction cancer-associated fibroblasts to such model further significantly stimulated melanoma cells in vitro invasiveness to a higher extent than normal fibroblasts. A panel of candidate gene products responsible for facilitation of melanoma cells invasion was defined with emphasis on IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL-1. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a synergistic effect between cancer microenvironment and UV irradiation in melanoma invasiveness under in vitro condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njainday Pulo Jobe
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic.,Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 21421, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Veronika Živicová
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 5, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Mifková
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 5, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Dvořánková
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kodet
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Dermatovenereology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic vvi, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic vvi, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksi Šedo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 5, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Strnadová
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, Vestec u Prahy, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, Czech Republic. .,Department of Dermatovenereology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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17
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Kim JE, Woo YJ, Sohn KM, Jeong KH, Kang H. Wnt/β-catenin and ERK pathway activation: A possible mechanism of photobiomodulation therapy with light-emitting diodes that regulate the proliferation of human outer root sheath cells. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:940-947. [PMID: 28944964 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outer root sheath cells (ORSCs) play important roles in maintaining hair follicle structure and provide support for the bulge area. The hair growth promoting effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) have been reported, but the mechanisms for this in human ORCs (hORSCs) have rarely been studied. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various wavelengths of light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on human ORSCs (hORSCs). METHODS LED irradiation effects on hORSC proliferation and migration were examined with MTT assay, BrdU incorporation assay and migration assays. hORSCs were irradiated using four LED wavelengths (415, 525, 660, and 830 nm) with different low energy levels. LED irradiation effects on the expression of molecules associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and ERK pathway, hair stem cell markers, and various growth factors and cytokines in hORSCs were examined with real-time PCR and Western blot assay. The effect of the LED-irradiated hORSCs on cell proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) was examined with co-culture and MTT assay. RESULTS PBMT with LED light variably promoted hORSC proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis depending on energy level. LED irradiation induced Wnt5a, Axin2, and Lef1 mRNA expression and β-catenin protein expression in hORSCs. Phosphorylation of ERK, c-Jun, and p38 in hORSCs was observed after LED light irradiation, and ERK inhibitor treatment before irradiation reduced ERK and c-Jun phosphorylation. Red light-treated hORSCs showed substantial increase in IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, IGF-1, TGF-β1, and VEGF mRNA. Light irradiation at 660 and 830 nm projected onto hORSCs accelerated in vitro migration. LED-irradiated hORSCs increased hDPCs proliferation when they were co-cultured. The conditioned medium from LED-irradiated hORSCs was sufficient to stimulate hDPCs proliferation. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that LED light irradiation induced hORSC proliferation and migration and inhibited apoptosis in vitro. The growth-promoting effects of LEDs on hORSCs appear to be associated with direct stimulation of the Wnt5a/β-catenin and ERK signaling pathway. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:940-947, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung E Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 180, Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young J Woo
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 180, Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki M Sohn
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 180, Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan H Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 180, Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 180, Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Shi B, Ding Q, He X, Zhu H, Niu Y, Cai B, Cai J, Lei A, Kang D, Yan H, Ma B, Wang X, Qu L, Chen Y. Tβ4-overexpression based on the piggyBac transposon system in cashmere goats alters hair fiber characteristics. Transgenic Res 2016; 26:77-85. [PMID: 27900536 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing cashmere yield is one of the vital aims of cashmere goats breeding. Compared to traditional breeding methods, transgenic technology is more efficient and the piggyBac (PB) transposon system has been widely applied to generate transgenic animals. For the present study, donor fibroblasts were stably transfected via a PB donor vector containing the coding sequence of cashmere goat thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) and driven by a hair follicle-specific promoter, the keratin-associated protein 6.1 (KAP6.1) promoter. To obtain genetically modified cells as nuclear donors, we co-transfected donor vectors into fetal fibroblasts of cashmere goats. Five transgenic cashmere goats were generated following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Via determination of the copy numbers and integration sites, the Tβ4 gene was successfully inserted into the goat genome. Histological examination of skin tissue revealed that Tβ4-overexpressing, transgenic goats had a higher secondary to primary hair follicle (S/P) ratio compared to wild type goats. This indicates that Tβ4-overexpressing goats possess increased numbers of secondary hair follicles (SHF). Our results indicate that Tβ4-overexpression in cashmere goats could be a feasible strategy to increase cashmere yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbo Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaolin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Haijing Zhu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin, 719000, China.,Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, China
| | - Yiyuan Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Bei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Anming Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Danju Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin, 719000, China.,Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lei Qu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin, 719000, China. .,Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, China.
| | - Yulin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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19
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Role of thymosin beta 4 in hair growth. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1639-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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A Microarray-Based Analysis Reveals that a Short Photoperiod Promotes Hair Growth in the Arbas Cashmere Goat. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147124. [PMID: 26814503 PMCID: PMC4731399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many animals exhibit different behaviors in different seasons. The photoperiod can have effects on migration, breeding, fur growth, and other processes. The cyclic growth of the fur and feathers of some species of mammals and birds, respectively, is stimulated by the photoperiod as a result of hormone-dependent regulation of the nervous system. To further examine this phenomenon, we evaluated the Arbas Cashmere goat (Capra hircus), a species that is often used in this type of research. The goats were exposed to an experimentally controlled short photoperiod to study the regulation of cyclic cashmere growth. Exposure to a short photoperiod extended the anagen phase of the Cashmere goat hair follicle to increase cashmere production. Assessments of tissue sections indicated that the short photoperiod significantly induced cashmere growth. This conclusion was supported by a comparison of the differences in gene expression between the short photoperiod and natural conditions using gene chip technology. Using the gene chip data, we identified genes that showed altered expression under the short photoperiod compared to natural conditions, and these genes were found to be involved in the biological processes of hair follicle growth, structural composition of the hair follicle, and the morphogenesis of the surrounding skin appendages. Knowledge about differences in the expression of these genes as well as their functions and periodic regulation patterns increases our understanding of Cashmere goat hair follicle growth. This study also provides preliminary data that may be useful for the development of an artificial method to improve cashmere production by controlling the light cycle, which has practical significance for livestock breeding.
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21
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Gerhards NM, Sayar BS, Origgi FC, Galichet A, Müller EJ, Welle MM, Wiener DJ. Stem Cell-Associated Marker Expression in Canine Hair Follicles. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 64:190-204. [PMID: 26739040 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415627679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional hair follicle (HF) stem cells (SCs) are crucial to maintain the constant recurring growth of hair. In mice and humans, SC subpopulations with different biomarker expression profiles have been identified in discrete anatomic compartments of the HF. The rare studies investigating canine HF SCs have shown similarities in biomarker expression profiles to that of mouse and human SCs. The aim of our study was to broaden the current repertoire of SC-associated markers and their expression patterns in the dog. We combined analyses on the expression levels of CD34, K15, Sox9, CD200, Nestin, LGR5 and LGR6 in canine skin using RT-qPCR, the corresponding proteins in dog skin lysates, and their expression patterns in canine HFs using immunohistochemistry. Using validated antibodies, we were able to define the location of CD34, Sox9, Keratin15, LGR5 and Nestin in canine HFs and confirm that all tested biomarkers are expressed in canine skin. Our results show similarities between the expression profile of canine, human and mouse HF SC markers. This repertoire of biomarkers will allow us to conduct functional studies and investigate alterations in the canine SC compartment of different diseases, like alopecia or skin cancer with the possibility to extend relevant findings to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M Gerhards
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW)
| | - Beyza S Sayar
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW),Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, Institute of Animal Pathology and DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (BSS, AG, EJM)
| | - Francesco C Origgi
- Center for Fish and Wildlife Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (FCO)
| | - Arnaud Galichet
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW),Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, Institute of Animal Pathology and DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (BSS, AG, EJM)
| | - Eliane J Müller
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW),Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, Institute of Animal Pathology and DermFocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (BSS, AG, EJM),Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (EJM)
| | - Monika M Welle
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW)
| | - Dominique J Wiener
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (NMG, BSS, AG, EJM, MMW, DJW)
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22
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Kang JI, Yoo ES, Hyun JW, Koh YS, Lee NH, Ko MH, Ko CS, Kang HK. Promotion Effect of Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone from Sargassum muticum on Hair Growth via the Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin and VEGF-R2. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1273-83. [PMID: 27476937 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Sargassum muticum extract and apo-9'-fucoxanthinone, a principal component of S. muticum, on hair growth. When rat vibrissa follicles were treated with S. muticum extract for 21 d, the hair-fiber lengths for the vibrissa follicles increased significantly. Treatment with the S. muticum extract and the EtOAc fraction of the S. muticum extract markedly increased the proliferation of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and decreased the 5α-reductase activity. In addition, the EtOAc fraction of the S. muticum extract significantly promoted anagen initiation in C57BL/6 mice. Especially, apo-9'-fucoxanthinone, an active constituent from the S. muticum extract, caused an increase in DPC proliferation and a decrease in 5α-reductase activity. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of apo-9'-fucoxanthinone on the proliferation of DPCs, we examined the level of various signaling proteins. Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone increased the level of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGF-R2), Wnt/β-catenin signaling proteins such as phospho(ser9)-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and phospho(ser552)-β-catenin, whereas apo-9'-fucoxanthinone did not affect the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling proteins such as Smad2/3. These results suggest that apo-9'-fucoxanthinone from S. muticum could have the potential for hair growth with DPC proliferation via the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the VEGF-R2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Jeju National University
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23
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Kubanov AA, Gallyamova YUA, Selezneva OA. Role of peptide growth factors in the rhythm of change hair. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2015. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-3-54-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents current data on the role growth factors play in hair physiology. Based on a review of literature, the authors described the role growth factors play for initiating, suppressing the growth and differentiating hair follicles. According to them, each morphologic development stage of hair follicles is characterized by its own factor expression pattern. Referring to experimental and clinical studies, the authors describe the role some growth factors play for mechanisms promoting the development of androgynous and focal alopecia.
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Gao X, Liang H, Hou F, Zhang Z, Nuo M, Guo X, Liu D. Thymosin Beta-4 Induces Mouse Hair Growth. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130040. [PMID: 26083021 PMCID: PMC4470810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is known to induce hair growth and hair follicle (HF) development; however, its mechanism of action is unknown. We generated mice that overexpressed Tβ4 in the epidermis, as well as Tβ4 global knockout mice, to study the role of Tβ4 in HF development and explore the mechanism of Tβ4 on hair growth. To study Tβ4 function, we depilated control and experimental mice and made tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). To explore the effect of Tβ4 on hair growth and HF development, the mRNA and protein levels of Tβ4 and VEGF were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting in control and experimental mice. Protein expression levels and the phosphorylation of P38, ERK and AKT were also examined by western blotting. The results of depilation indicated that hair re-growth was faster in Tβ4-overexpressing mice, but slower in knockout mice. Histological examination revealed that Tβ4-overexpressing mice had a higher number of hair shafts and HFs clustered together to form groups, while the HFs of control mice and knockout mice were separate. Hair shafts in knockout mice were significantly reduced in number compared with control mice. Increased Tβ4 expression at the mRNA and protein levels was confirmed in Tβ4-overexpressing mice, which also had increased VEGF expression. On the other hand, knockout mice had reduced levels of VEGF expression. Mechanistically, Tβ4-overexpressing mice showed increased protein expression levels and phosphorylation of P38, ERK and AKT, whereas knockout mice had decreased levels of both expression and phosphorylation of these proteins. Tβ4 appears to regulate P38/ERK/AKT signaling via its effect on VEGF expression, with a resultant effect on the speed of hair growth, the pattern of HFs and the number of hair shafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Gao
- National Research Center for Animal Transgenic Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hao Liang
- National Research Center for Animal Transgenic Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fang Hou
- National Research Center for Animal Transgenic Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- National Research Center for Animal Transgenic Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Mingtu Nuo
- National Research Center for Animal Transgenic Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- National Research Center for Animal Transgenic Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (XG)
| | - Dongjun Liu
- National Research Center for Animal Transgenic Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (XG)
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Jing J, Wu XJ, Li YL, Cai SQ, Zheng M, Lu ZF. Expression of decorin throughout the murine hair follicle cycle: hair cycle dependence and anagen phase prolongation. Exp Dermatol 2015; 23:486-91. [PMID: 24816226 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Decorin is a prototypical member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family, which is involved in numerous biological processes. The role of decorin, as a representative SLRP, in hair follicle morphogenesis has not been elucidated. We present our initial findings on decorin expression patterns during induced murine hair follicle (HF) cycles. It was found that decorin expression is exclusively restricted to the epidermis, outer root sheath and sebaceous glands during the anagen phase, which correlates with the upregulation of decorin mRNA and protein expression in depilated murine dorsal skin. Furthermore, we used a functional approach to investigate the effects of recombinant human decorin (rhDecorin) via cutaneous injection into HFs at various murine hair cycle stages. The local injection of rhDecorin (100 μg/ml) into the hypodermis of depilated C57BL/6 mice at anagen delayed catagen progression. In contrast, rhDecorin injection during the telogen phase caused the premature onset of anagen, as demonstrated by the assessment of the following parameters: (i) hair shaft length, (ii) follicular bulbar diameter, (iii) hair follicle cycling score and (iv) follicular phase percentage. Taken together, our results suggest that decorin may modulate follicular cycling and morphogenesis. In addition, this study also provides insight into the molecular control mechanisms governing hair follicular epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bao W, Yin J, Liang Y, Guo Z, Wang Y, Liu D, Wang X, Wang Z. Recombinant Goat VEGF164 Increases Hair Growth by Painting Process on the Skin of Shaved Mouse. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:1355-9. [PMID: 25178380 PMCID: PMC4150203 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To detect goat vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated regrowth of hair, full-length VEGF164 cDNA was cloned from Inner Mongolia cashmere goat (Capra hircus) into the pET-his prokaryotic expression vector, and the recombinant plasmid was transferred into E. coli BL21 cells. The expression of recombinant 6×his-gVEGF164 protein was induced by 0.5 mM isopropyl thio-β-D-galactoside at 32°C. Recombinant goat VEGF164 (rgVEGF164) was purified and identi ed by western blot using monoclonal anti-his and anti-VEGF antibodies. The rgVEGF164 was smeared onto the dorsal area of a shaved mouse, and we noted that hair regrowth in this area was faster than in the control group. Thus, rgVEGF164 increases hair growth in mice.
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