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Pardo-Sánchez I, García-Moreno D, Mulero V. Zebrafish Models to Study the Crosstalk between Inflammation and NADPH Oxidase-Derived Oxidative Stress in Melanoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071277. [PMID: 35883768 PMCID: PMC9311651 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, and its incidence continues to increase. In the early stages of melanoma, when the malignant cells have not spread to lymph nodes, they can be removed by simple surgery and there is usually low recurrence. Melanoma has a high mortality rate due to its ability to metastasize; once melanoma has spread, it becomes a major health complication. For these reasons, it is important to study how healthy melanocytes transform into melanoma cells, how they interact with the immune system, which mechanisms they use to escape immunosurveillance, and, finally, how they spread and colonize other tissues, metastasizing. Inflammation and oxidative stress play important roles in the development of several types of cancer, including melanoma, but it is not yet clear under which conditions they are beneficial or detrimental. Models capable of studying the relevance of inflammation and oxidative stress in the early steps of melanocyte transformation are urgently needed, as they are expected to help recognize premetastatic lesions in patients by improving both early detection and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pardo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Ashtiwi NM, Sarr D, Rada B. DUOX1 in mammalian disease pathophysiology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:743-754. [PMID: 33704512 PMCID: PMC8315118 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) is a member of the protein family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases. DUOX1 has several normal physiological, immunological, and biochemical functions in different parts of the body. Dysregulated oxidative metabolism interferes with various disease pathologies and numerous therapeutic options are based on targeting cellular redox pathways. DUOX1 forms an important enzymatic source of biological oxidants, and DUOX1 expression is frequently dysregulated in various diseases. While this review shortly addresses the biochemical and cellular properties and proposed physiological roles of DUOX1, its main purpose is to summarize the current knowledge with respect to the potential role of DUOX1 enzyme in disease pathology, especially in mammalian organisms. Although DUOX1 is normally prominently expressed in epithelial lineages, it is frequently silenced in epithelial-derived cancers by epigenetic mechanisms. While an abundance of information is available on DUOX1 transcription in different diseases, an increasing number of mechanistic studies indicate a causative relationship between DUOX1 function and disease pathophysiology. Additionally, specific functions of the DUOX1 maturation factor, DUOXA1, will also be addressed. Lastly, urgent and outstanding questions on the field of DUOX1 will be discussed that could provide valuable new diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Milad Ashtiwi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Demba Sarr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Eichelberg MR, Welch R, Guidry JT, Ali A, Ohashi M, Makielski KR, McChesney K, Van Sciver N, Lambert PF, Keleș S, Kenney SC, Scott RS, Johannsen E. Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Promotes Epithelial Cell Growth by Attenuating Differentiation-Dependent Exit from the Cell Cycle. mBio 2019; 10:e01332-19. [PMID: 31431547 PMCID: PMC6703421 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01332-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that is associated with lymphomas as well as nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas. Although carcinomas account for almost 90% of EBV-associated cancers, progress in examining EBV's role in their pathogenesis has been limited by difficulty in establishing latent infection in nontransformed epithelial cells. Recently, EBV infection of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs) has emerged as a model that recapitulates aspects of EBV infection in vivo, such as differentiation-associated viral replication. Using uninfected NOKs and NOKs infected with the Akata strain of EBV (NOKs-Akata), we examined changes in gene expression due to EBV infection and differentiation. Latent EBV infection produced very few significant gene expression changes in undifferentiated NOKs but significantly reduced the extent of differentiation-induced gene expression changes. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that differentiation-induced downregulation of the cell cycle and metabolism pathways was markedly attenuated in NOKs-Akata relative to that in uninfected NOKs. We also observed that pathways induced by differentiation were less upregulated in NOKs-Akata. We observed decreased differentiation markers and increased suprabasal MCM7 expression in NOKs-Akata versus NOKs when both were grown in raft cultures, consistent with our transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) results. These effects were also observed in NOKs infected with a replication-defective EBV mutant (AkataΔRZ), implicating mechanisms other than lytic-gene-induced host shutoff. Our results help to define the mechanisms by which EBV infection alters keratinocyte differentiation and provide a basis for understanding the role of EBV in epithelial cancers.IMPORTANCE Latent infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an early event in the development of EBV-associated carcinomas. In oral epithelial tissues, EBV establishes a lytic infection of differentiated epithelial cells to facilitate the spread of the virus to new hosts. Because of limitations in existing model systems, the effects of latent EBV infection on undifferentiated and differentiating epithelial cells are poorly understood. Here, we characterize latent infection of an hTERT-immortalized oral epithelial cell line (NOKs). We find that although EBV expresses a latency pattern similar to that seen in EBV-associated carcinomas, infection of undifferentiated NOKs results in differential expression of a small number of host genes. In differentiating NOKs, however, EBV has a more substantial effect, reducing the extent of differentiation and delaying the exit from the cell cycle. This effect may synergize with preexisting cellular abnormalities to prevent exit from the cell cycle, representing a critical step in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Eichelberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rene Welch
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J Tod Guidry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSUHSC-S, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Makoto Ohashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kathleen R Makielski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kyle McChesney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicholas Van Sciver
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sündüz Keleș
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shannon C Kenney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rona S Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSUHSC-S, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Eric Johannsen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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4
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Rashid MI, Ali A, Andleeb S. Functional Annotation and Analysis of Dual Oxidase 1 (DUOX1): a Potential Anti-pyocyanin Immune Component. Interdiscip Sci 2018; 11:597-610. [PMID: 30483939 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-018-0308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dual Oxidase 1 (DUOX1) is a prominent immune system component primarily expressed in esophagus, lungs, skin, and urinary bladder including others. DUOX1 is involved in lactoperoxidase-mediated innate immunity at mucosal surfaces by generation of antimicrobial hypothiocyanite at the apical surface of epithelial lining. Upon detection of bacterial pathogens mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, DUOX1 is activated in bronchial epithelial cells. Both the host and pathogen enter a redox dual with DUOX1 and hypothiocyanite from host and Pyocyanin (PCN) as a redox active virulence factor from P. aeruginosa. The synergy of the both enzymes permanently oxidizes PCN and thus holds the potential to prevent PCN-induced virulence, which otherwise paves the way for establishment of persistent chronic infection. In this study, we structurally and functionally annotated the DUOX1, predicted its 3d structure, physio-chemical properties, post-translational modifications, and genetic polymorphism analysis with subsequent disease-associated single-nucleotide variations and their impact on DUOX1 functionality by employing in silico approaches. DUOX1 holds greater homology with gorilla and chimpanzee than other primates. The localization signal peptide was present at the beginning of the peptide with cleavage site at 22 aa position. Three distinct functional domains were observed based on homology: An_peroxidase, FRQ1, and oxido-reductase domains. Polymorphism analysis revealed > 60 SNPs associated with different cancers with probable damaging effects. No cancer-associated methylated island was observed for DUOX1. Three-dimensional structure was developed via homology modeling strategy. The proper annotation will help in characterization of DUOX1 and enhance our knowledge of its functionality and biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim Rashid
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Andleeb
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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5
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Nazari-Ghadikolaei A, Mehrabani-Yeganeh H, Miarei-Aashtiani SR, Staiger EA, Rashidi A, Huson HJ. Genome-Wide Association Studies Identify Candidate Genes for Coat Color and Mohair Traits in the Iranian Markhoz Goat. Front Genet 2018; 9:105. [PMID: 29670642 PMCID: PMC5893768 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Markhoz goat provides an opportunity to study the genetics underlying coat color and mohair traits of an Angora type goat using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This indigenous Iranian breed is valued for its quality mohair used in ceremonial garments and has the distinction of exhibiting an array of coat colors including black, brown, and white. Here, we performed 16 GWAS for different fleece (mohair) traits and coat color in 228 Markhoz goats sampled from the Markhoz Goat Research Station in Sanandaj, Kurdistan province, located in western Iran using the Illumina Caprine 50K beadchip. The Efficient Mixed Model Linear analysis was used to identify genomic regions with potential candidate genes contributing to coat color and mohair characteristics while correcting for population structure. Significant associations to coat color were found within or near the ASIP, ITCH, AHCY, and RALY genes on chromosome 13 for black and brown coat color and the KIT and PDGFRA genes on chromosome 6 for white coat color. Individual mohair traits were analyzed for genetic association along with principal components that allowed for a broader perspective of combined traits reflecting overall mohair quality and volume. A multitude of markers demonstrated significant association to mohair traits highlighting potential candidate genes of POU1F1 on chromosome 1 for mohair quality, MREG on chromosome 2 for mohair volume, DUOX1 on chromosome 10 for yearling fleece weight, and ADGRV1 on chromosome 7 for grease percentage. Variation in allele frequencies and haplotypes were identified for coat color and differentiated common markers associated with both brown and black coat color. This demonstrates the potential for genetic markers to be used in future breeding programs to improve selection for coat color and mohair traits. Putative candidate genes, both novel and previously identified in other species or breeds, require further investigation to confirm phenotypic causality and potential epistatic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahit Nazari-Ghadikolaei
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hassan Mehrabani-Yeganeh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed R. Miarei-Aashtiani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Amir Rashidi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Heather J. Huson
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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6
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van der Vliet A, Danyal K, Heppner DE. Dual oxidase: a novel therapeutic target in allergic disease. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1401-1418. [PMID: 29405261 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) represent a family of enzymes that mediate regulated cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and play various functional roles in physiology. Among the NOX family, the dual oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2 are prominently expressed in epithelial cell types at mucosal surfaces and have therefore been considered to have important roles in innate host defence pathways. Recent studies have revealed important insights into the host defence mechanisms of DUOX enzymes, which control innate immune response pathways in response to either microbial or allergic triggers. In this review, we discuss the current level of understanding with respect to the biological role(s) of DUOX enzymes and the unique role of DUOX1 in mediating innate immune responses to epithelial injury and allergens and in the development of allergic disease. These novel findings highlight DUOX1 as an attractive therapeutic target, and opportunities for the development of selective inhibitor strategies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Karamatullah Danyal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Hill T, Rice RH. DUOX expression in human keratinocytes and bronchial epithelial cells: Influence of vanadate. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 46:257-264. [PMID: 29031483 PMCID: PMC5683910 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dual oxygenases (DUOX) 1 and 2, expressed in many animal tissues, participate in host defense at mucosal surfaces and may have important signaling roles through generation of reactive oxygen. Present work addresses their expression in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes and effects of cytokines and metal/metalloid compounds. Both DUOX1 and 2 were expressed at much higher levels after confluence than in the preconfluent state. Maximal DUOX1 mRNA levels were 50 fold those of DUOX2. DUOX1 and 2 were induced ≈3 fold by interleukin 4, but only DUOX1 was induced by interferon gamma (IFNγ). In human bronchial HBE1 cells, by contrast, interleukin 4 induced only DUOX 1, and IFNγ induced only DUOX2. A survey in the keratinocytes of metal/metalloid compounds showed that arsenite, antimonite, chromate, cadmium, copper, lead and vanadate suppressed DUOX1 levels but did not prevent interleukin 4 stimulation. Effects on DUOX2 were less dramatic, except that vanadate potentiated the stimulation by IFNγ up to 7 fold. The results indicate that epithelial cell types of different tissue origins can differ in their cytokine regulation and that epidermal cells can exhibit striking alterations in response due to certain metal/metalloid exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, USA
| | - Robert H Rice
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, USA.
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8
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Little AC, Sulovari A, Danyal K, Heppner DE, Seward DJ, van der Vliet A. Paradoxical roles of dual oxidases in cancer biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:117-132. [PMID: 28578013 PMCID: PMC5535817 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated oxidative metabolism is a well-recognized aspect of cancer biology, and many therapeutic strategies are based on targeting cancers by altering cellular redox pathways. The NADPH oxidases (NOXes) present an important enzymatic source of biological oxidants, and the expression and activation of several NOX isoforms are frequently dysregulated in many cancers. Cell-based studies have demonstrated a role for several NOX isozymes in controlling cell proliferation and/or cell migration, further supporting a potential contributing role for NOX in promoting cancer. While various NOX isoforms are often upregulated in cancers, paradoxical recent findings indicate that dual oxidases (DUOXes), normally prominently expressed in epithelial lineages, are frequently suppressed in epithelial-derived cancers by epigenetic mechanisms, although the functional relevance of such DUOX silencing has remained unclear. This review will briefly summarize our current understanding regarding the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NOXes in cancer biology, and focus on recent observations indicating the unique and seemingly opposing roles of DUOX enzymes in cancer biology. We will discuss current knowledge regarding the functional properties of DUOX, and recent studies highlighting mechanistic consequences of DUOX1 loss in lung cancer, and its consequences for tumor invasiveness and current anticancer therapy. Finally, we will also discuss potentially unique roles for the DUOX maturation factors. Overall, a better understanding of mechanisms that regulate DUOX and the functional consequences of DUOX silencing in cancer may offer valuable new diagnostic insights and novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Little
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States; Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Arvis Sulovari
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Karamatullah Danyal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States; Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
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9
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Lisse TS, Rieger S. IKKα regulates human keratinocyte migration through surveillance of the redox environment. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:975-988. [PMID: 28122935 PMCID: PMC5358334 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.197343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the functions of H2O2 in epidermal wound repair are conserved throughout evolution, the underlying signaling mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study we used human keratinocytes (HEK001) to investigate H2O2-dependent wound repair mechanisms. Scratch wounding led to H2O2 production in two or three cell layers at the wound margin within ∼30 min and subsequent cysteine modification of proteins via sulfenylation. Intriguingly, exogenous H2O2 treatment resulted in preferential sulfenylation of keratinocytes that adopted a migratory phenotype and detached from neighboring cells, suggesting that one of the primary functions of H2O2 is to stimulate signaling factors involved in cell migration. Based on previous findings that revealed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) involvement in H2O2-dependent cell migration, we analyzed oxidation of a candidate upstream target, the inhibitor of κB kinase α (IKKα; encoded by CHUK), as a mechanism of action. We show that IKKα is sulfenylated at a conserved cysteine residue in the kinase domain, which correlates with de-repression of EGF promoter activity and increased EGF expression. Thus, this indicates that IKKα promotes migration through dynamic interactions with the EGF promoter depending on the redox state within cells. Summary: This study provides a newly identified mechanism by which H2O2-dependent oxidation of the inhibitor of κB kinase α and de-repression of epidermal growth factor promoter activity stimulates keratinocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Lisse
- Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, MDI Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, USA .,The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Sandra Rieger
- Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, MDI Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, USA
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O'Neill S, Brault J, Stasia MJ, Knaus UG. Genetic disorders coupled to ROS deficiency. Redox Biol 2015; 6:135-156. [PMID: 26210446 PMCID: PMC4550764 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the redox balance between generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for health. Disturbances such as continuously elevated ROS levels will result in oxidative stress and development of disease, but likewise, insufficient ROS production will be detrimental to health. Reduced or even complete loss of ROS generation originates mainly from inactivating variants in genes encoding for NADPH oxidase complexes. In particular, deficiency in phagocyte Nox2 oxidase function due to genetic variants (CYBB, CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, NCF4) has been recognized as a direct cause of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an inherited immune disorder. More recently, additional diseases have been linked to functionally altered variants in genes encoding for other NADPH oxidases, such as for DUOX2/DUOXA2 in congenital hypothyroidism, or for the Nox2 complex, NOX1 and DUOX2 as risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease. A comprehensive overview of novel developments in terms of Nox/Duox-deficiency disorders is presented, combined with insights gained from structure-function studies that will aid in predicting functional defects of clinical variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon O'Neill
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie Brault
- Université Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; CGD Diagnosis and Research Centre, Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Jose Stasia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; CGD Diagnosis and Research Centre, Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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11
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Colonization of epidermal tissue by Staphylococcus aureus produces localized hypoxia and stimulates secretion of antioxidant and caspase-14 proteins. Infect Immun 2015; 83:3026-34. [PMID: 25987705 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00175-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A partial-thickness epidermal explant model was colonized with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Staphylococcus aureus, and the pattern of S. aureus biofilm growth was characterized using electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The oxygen concentration in explants was quantified using microelectrodes. The relative effective diffusivity and porosity of the epidermis were determined using magnetic resonance imaging, while hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in explant media was measured by using microelectrodes. Secreted proteins were identified and quantified using elevated-energy mass spectrometry (MS(E)). S. aureus biofilm grows predominantly in lipid-rich areas around hair follicles and associated skin folds. Dissolved oxygen was selectively depleted (2- to 3-fold) in these locations, but the relative effective diffusivity and porosity did not change between colonized and control epidermis. Histological analysis revealed keratinocyte damage across all the layers of colonized epidermis after 4 days of culture. The colonized explants released significantly (P < 0.01) more antioxidant proteins of both epidermal and S. aureus origin, consistent with elevated H2O2 concentrations found in the media from the colonized explants (P< 0.001). Caspase-14 was also elevated significantly in the media from the colonized explants. While H2O2 induces primary keratinocyte differentiation, caspase-14 is required for terminal keratinocyte differentiation and desquamation. These results are consistent with a localized biological impact from S. aureus in response to colonization of the skin surface.
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12
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Bhaskar A, Munshi M, Khan SZ, Fatima S, Arya R, Jameel S, Singh A. Measuring glutathione redox potential of HIV-1-infected macrophages. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1020-38. [PMID: 25406321 PMCID: PMC4294471 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.588913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox signaling plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). The majority of HIV redox research relies on measuring redox stress using invasive technologies, which are unreliable and do not provide information about the contributions of subcellular compartments. A major technological leap emerges from the development of genetically encoded redox-sensitive green fluorescent proteins (roGFPs), which provide sensitive and compartment-specific insights into redox homeostasis. Here, we exploited a roGFP-based specific bioprobe of glutathione redox potential (EGSH; Grx1-roGFP2) and measured subcellular changes in EGSH during various phases of HIV-1 infection using U1 monocytic cells (latently infected U937 cells with HIV-1). We show that although U937 and U1 cells demonstrate significantly reduced cytosolic and mitochondrial EGSH (approximately −310 mV), active viral replication induces substantial oxidative stress (EGSH more than −240 mV). Furthermore, exposure to a physiologically relevant oxidant, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), induces significant deviations in subcellular EGSH between U937 and U1, which distinctly modulates susceptibility to apoptosis. Using Grx1-roGFP2, we demonstrate that a marginal increase of about ∼25 mV in EGSH is sufficient to switch HIV-1 from latency to reactivation, raising the possibility of purging HIV-1 by redox modulators without triggering detrimental changes in cellular physiology. Importantly, we show that bioactive lipids synthesized by clinical drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reactivate HIV-1 through modulation of intracellular EGSH. Finally, the expression analysis of U1 and patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated a major recalibration of cellular redox homeostatic pathways during persistence and active replication of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Bhaskar
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease and Research, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore 560012
| | - MohamedHusen Munshi
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease and Research, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore 560012, the Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 25, India
| | - Sohrab Zafar Khan
- the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 67, and
| | - Sadaf Fatima
- the Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 25, India
| | - Rahul Arya
- the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 67, and
| | - Shahid Jameel
- the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 67, and
| | - Amit Singh
- From the Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease and Research, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore 560012,
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Sugiyama Y, Yamazaki K, Kusaka-Kikushima A, Nakahigashi K, Hagiwara H, Miyachi Y. Analysis of aquaporin 9 expression in human epidermis and cultured keratinocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:611-6. [PMID: 25161869 PMCID: PMC4141191 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is a member of the aquaglyceroporin family that transports glycerol, urea and other small solutes as well as water. Compared to the expression and function in epidermal keratinocytes of AQP3, another aquaglyceroporin, our knowledge of epidermal AQP9 remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the expression of AQP9 in the human epidermis and cultured keratinocytes. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that AQP9 expression is highly restricted to the stratum granulosum of the human epidermis, where occludin is also expressed at the tight junctions. Interestingly, the AQP3 staining decreased sharply below the cell layers in which AQP9 is expressed. In cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), knock-down of AQP9 expression in the differentiated cells induced by RNA interference reduced glycerol uptake, which was not as pronounced as was the case with AQP3 knock-down cells. In contrast, similar reduction of urea uptake was detected in AQP9 and AQP3 knock-down cells. These findings suggested that AQP9 expression in NHEK facilitates at least the transport of glycerol and urea. Finally, we analyzed the effect of retinoic acid (RA), a potent stimulator of keratinocyte proliferation, on AQP3 and AQP9 mRNA expression in differentiated NHEK. Stimulation with RA at 1 μM for 24 h augmented AQP3 expression and down-regulated AQP9 expression. Collectively, these results indicate that AQP9 expression in epidermal keratinocytes is regulated in a different manner from that of AQP3.
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Key Words
- AQP3
- AQP9
- AQPs, aquaporins
- DUOX1, dual oxidase I
- Differentiated keratinocytes
- Epidermis
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- LXR, liver X receptor
- NHEK, normal human epidermal keratinocytes
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma
- RA, retinoic acid
- SG, stratum granulosum
- TJs, tight junctions
- VD3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Sugiyama
- Innovative Beauty Science Laboratory, Kanebo Cosmetics Inc., Odawara, Japan ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamazaki
- Innovative Beauty Science Laboratory, Kanebo Cosmetics Inc., Odawara, Japan
| | | | - Kyoko Nakahigashi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hagiwara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miyachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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