1
|
Pooranachithra M, Jyo EM, Ernst AM, Chisholm AD. C. elegans epicuticlins define specific compartments in the apical extracellular matrix and function in wound repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575393. [PMID: 38260454 PMCID: PMC10802564 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The apical extracellular matrix (aECM) of external epithelia often contains lipid-rich outer layers that contribute to permeability barrier function. The external aECM of nematode is known as the cuticle and contains an external lipid-rich layer, the epicuticle. Epicuticlins are a family of tandem repeat proteins originally identified as components of the insoluble fraction of the cuticular aECM and thought to localize in or near epicuticle. However, there has been little in vivo analysis of epicuticlins. Here, we report the localization analysis of the three C. elegans epicuticlins (EPIC proteins) using fluorescent protein knock-ins to visualize endogenously expressed proteins, and further examine their in vivo function using genetic null mutants. By TIRF microscopy, we find that EPIC-1 and EPIC-2 localize to the surface of the cuticle in larval and adult stages in close proximity to the outer lipid layer. EPIC-1 and EPIC-2 also localize to interfacial cuticles and adult-specific cuticle struts. EPIC-3 expression is restricted to the stress-induced dauer stage, where it localizes to interfacial aECM in the buccal cavity. Strikingly, skin wounding in the adult induces epic-3 expression, and EPIC-3::mNG localizes to wound scars. Null mutants lacking one, two, or all three EPIC proteins display reduced survival after skin wounding yet are viable with low penetrance defects in epidermal morphogenesis. Our results suggest EPIC proteins define specific aECM compartments and have roles in wound repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Pooranachithra
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Erin M Jyo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Andreas M Ernst
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Andrew D Chisholm
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ozdemir C, Kucuksezer UC, Ogulur I, Pat Y, Yazici D, Agache I, Jutel M, Nadeau KC, Akdis M, Akdis CA. How does global warming contribute to disorders originating from an impaired epithelial barrier? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023; 131:703-712. [PMID: 37619777 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial barrier represents the point of contact between the host and the external environment. It is the first line of defense against external insults in the skin and in the gastrointestinal and upper and lower respiratory tracts. The steep increase in chronic disorders in recent decades, including allergies and autoimmune disorders, has prompted studies to investigate the immune mechanisms of their underlying pathogeneses, all of which point to a thought-provoking shared finding: disrupted epithelial barriers. Climate change with global warming has increased the frequency of unpredictable extreme weather events, such as wildfires, droughts, floods, and aberrant and longer pollination seasons, among many others. These increasingly frequent natural disasters can synergistically damage the epithelial barrier integrity in the presence of environmental pollution. A disrupted epithelial barrier induces proinflammatory activation of epithelial cells and alarmin production, namely, epithelitis. The "opened" epithelial barrier facilitates the entry of the external exposome into and underneath the epithelium, triggering an expulsion response driven by inflammatory cells in the area and chronic inflammation. These changes are associated with microbial dysbiosis with colonizing opportunistic pathogens and decreased commensals. These cellular and molecular events are key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic inflammatory disorders. This review summarizes the impact of global warming on epithelial barrier functions in the context of allergic diseases. Further studies in the impact of climate change on the dysfunction of the epithelial barriers are warranted to improve our understanding of epithelial barrier-related diseases and raise awareness of the environmental insults that pose a threat to our health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cevdet Ozdemir
- Institute of Child Health, Department of Pediatric Basic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Umut Can Kucuksezer
- Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yagiz Pat
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Duygu Yazici
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, and ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jančálková P, Kopečná M, Kurka M, Kováčik A, Opálka L, Sagrafena I, Vávrová K. Skin Barrier Fine Tuning through Low-Temperature Lipid Chain Transition. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2427-2435.e3. [PMID: 37394058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The lipids in the mammalian stratum corneum (SC) adopt an unusually rigid arrangement to form a vital barrier preventing water loss and harmful environmental impacts. Just above the physiological temperature, a subset of barrier lipids undergoes a phase transition from a very tight orthorhombic to a looser hexagonal arrangement and vice versa. The purpose of this lipid transition in skin physiology is unknown. Permeability experiments on isolated human SC indicated that the transition affects the activation energy for a model compound that prefers lateral movement along lipid layers but not for water or a large polymer that would cross the SC through the pore pathway. The orthorhombic phase content of SC lipids, as determined by infrared spectroscopy, was also modulated by (de)hydration. Spontaneous rearrangement of human SC lipid monolayers into 10 nm higher multilamellar islets at 32-37 °C but not at room temperature was revealed by atomic force microscopy. Our findings add to our knowledge of fundamental skin physiology suggesting a fine temperature- and hydration-controlled switch from fluid lipids (required for lipid barrier assembly) to rigid and tightly packed lipids in the mature SC (necessary for the water and permeability barriers).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Jančálková
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kopečná
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kurka
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies (CEMNAT), Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Kováčik
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Opálka
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Sagrafena
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sarmento MJ, Llorente A, Petan T, Khnykin D, Popa I, Nikolac Perkovic M, Konjevod M, Jaganjac M. The expanding organelle lipidomes: current knowledge and challenges. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:237. [PMID: 37530856 PMCID: PMC10397142 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipids in cell membranes and subcellular compartments play essential roles in numerous cellular processes, such as energy production, cell signaling and inflammation. A specific organelle lipidome is characterized by lipid synthesis and metabolism, intracellular trafficking, and lipid homeostasis in the organelle. Over the years, considerable effort has been directed to the identification of the lipid fingerprints of cellular organelles. However, these fingerprints are not fully characterized due to the large variety and structural complexity of lipids and the great variability in the abundance of different lipid species. The process becomes even more challenging when considering that the lipidome differs in health and disease contexts. This review summarizes the information available on the lipid composition of mammalian cell organelles, particularly the lipidome of the nucleus, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane and organelles in the endocytic pathway. The lipid compositions of extracellular vesicles and lamellar bodies are also described. In addition, several examples of subcellular lipidome dynamics under physiological and pathological conditions are presented. Finally, challenges in mapping organelle lipidomes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Sarmento
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iuliana Popa
- Pharmacy Department, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, University Paris-Saclay, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | | | - Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang B, Luo P, Sun J, Li D, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhao H, Li Z, Xie X, Yang J, Shen C. The Epidermal Barrier Structure and Function of Re-Harvested Skin from Non-Scalp Donor Sites. J INVEST SURG 2023; 36:1-7. [DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2146318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxing Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhu Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqing Zhao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhisheng Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Xie
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiu Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan’an Shen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cook-Mills JM, Emmerson LN. Epithelial barrier regulation, antigen sampling, and food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:493-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
7
|
The Fate of Epidermal Tight Junctions in the stratum corneum: Their Involvement in the Regulation of Desquamation and Phenotypic Expression of Certain Skin Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137486. [PMID: 35806491 PMCID: PMC9267462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the presence of tight junction (TJ) remnants in the stratum corneum (SC) of in vitro reconstructed human epidermis and human skin explants subjected or not to an aggressive topical treatment with beta-lipohydroxy salicylic acid (LSA) for 24 h. LSA-treated samples showed an increased presence of TJ remnants in the two lowermost layers of the SC, as quantified with standard electron microscopy. The topical aggression-induced overexpression of TJ-like cell–cell envelope fusions may influence SC functions: (1) directly, through an enhanced cohesion, and (2) indirectly, by impeding accessibility of peripheral corneodesmosomes to extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and, thus, slowing down desquamation. Observations of ichthyotic epidermis in peeling skin disease (PSD; corneodesmosin deficiency; two cases) and ichthyosis hypotrichosis sclerosing cholangitis syndrome (IHSC/NISCH; absence of claudin-1; two cases) also demonstrated increased persistence of TJ-like intercellular fusions in pathological SC and contributed to the interpretation of the diseases’ pathological mechanisms.
Collapse
|
8
|
Auriostigue-Bautista JC, Hernández-Vázquez E, González-Calderón D, Figueroa-Romero JL, Castillo-Villanueva A, Torres-Arroyo A, Ponce-Macotela M, Rufino-González Y, Martínez-Gordillo M, Miranda LD, Oria-Hernández J, Reyes-Vivas H. Discovery of Benzopyrrolizidines as Promising Antigiardiasic Agents. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:828100. [PMID: 35096662 PMCID: PMC8790063 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.828100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for giardiasis include drugs with undesirable side effects, which increase the levels of therapeutic desertion and promote drug resistance in the parasites. Herein, we describe the antigiardiasic evaluation on Giardia lamblia trophozoites of a structurally diverse collection of 74 molecules. Among these scaffolds, we discovered a benzopyrrolizidine derivative with higher antigiardiasic activity (IC50 = 11 µM) and lower cytotoxicity in human cell cultures (IC50 = 130 µM) than those displayed by the current gold-standard drugs (metronidazole and tinidazole). Furthermore, this compound produced morphologic modifications of trophozoites, with occasional loss of one of the nuclei, among other changes not observed with standard giardicidal drugs, suggesting that it might act through a novel mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Auriostigue-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Hernández-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - David González-Calderón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luís Figueroa-Romero
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Castillo-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Angélica Torres-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martha Ponce-Macotela
- Laboratorio de Parasitología-Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yadira Rufino-González
- Laboratorio de Parasitología-Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mario Martínez-Gordillo
- Laboratorio de Parasitología-Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis D Miranda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús Oria-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Horacio Reyes-Vivas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qin F, Fan Z, Xu M, Wang Z, Dong Y, Qu C, Cui S, Zhao L, Zhao J. Amelioration of Ambient Particulate Matter (PM 2.5)-Induced Lung Injury in Rats by Aerobic Exercise Training. Front Physiol 2021; 12:731594. [PMID: 34764879 PMCID: PMC8576392 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.731594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM2.5), as an inflammation-inducing factor, increases the prevalence of lung injury. The aim of this study was to examine the protective effect and mechanism of aerobic exercise on PM2.5 exposure-induced lung injury. Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary+PM2.5 exposure, exercise+PM2.5 exposure, sedentary, and exercise groups. All rats in the exercise-related groups underwent 8-week aerobic interval treadmill training (5daysweek−1, 1hday−1). PM-exposed rats were exposed to ambient PM2.5 (6h day−1) for 3weeks after the 8-week exercise intervention. Then, ventilation function, histopathological changes, and inflammation responses of pulmonary tissue were examined. Results showed that PM2.5 exposure induced lung injury as manifested by decreased pulmonary function, abnormal histopathological changes, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-1α). Aerobic exercise alleviated the airway obstruction, reduced respiratory muscle strength, bronchial mucosal exfoliation, ultrastructure damage, and inflammatory responses induced by PM2.5 in exercise-related groups. The benefits of exercise were related with the downregulation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the subsequent inhibition of the pathways of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Thus, pre-exercise training may be an effective way to protect against PM2.5-induced lung inflammatory injury in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzheng Fan
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Minxiao Xu
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.,Institute of Physical Education and Training, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Dong
- Athletic Sports Research Lab, Beijing Institute of Sports Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyi Qu
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqiang Cui
- Athletic Sports Research Lab, Beijing Institute of Sports Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiexiu Zhao
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mahanty S, Setty SRG. Epidermal Lamellar Body Biogenesis: Insight Into the Roles of Golgi and Lysosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701950. [PMID: 34458262 PMCID: PMC8387949 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal lamellar bodies (eLBs) are secretory organelles that carry a wide variety of secretory cargo required for skin homeostasis. eLBs belong to the class of lysosome-related organelles (LROs), which are cell-type-specific organelles that perform diverse functions. The formation of eLBs is thought to be related to that of other LROs, which are formed either through the gradual maturation of Golgi/endosomal precursors or by the conversion of conventional lysosomes. Current evidence suggests that eLB biogenesis presumably initiate from trans-Golgi network and receive cargo from endosomes, and also acquire lysosome characteristics during maturation. These multistep biogenesis processes are frequently disrupted in human skin disorders. However, many gaps remain in our understanding of eLB biogenesis and their relationship to skin diseases. Here, we describe our current understanding on eLB biogenesis with a focus on cargo transport to this LRO and highlight key areas where future research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Subba Rao Gangi Setty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
TPGS assists the percutaneous administration of curcumin and glycyrrhetinic acid coloaded functionalized ethosomes for the synergistic treatment of psoriasis. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120762. [PMID: 34082000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combined therapy with anti-inflammatory drugs is preferred for the topical treatment of psoriasis, but the codelivery of drugs is restricted due to the lack of a suitable delivery system. Ethosomes with excellenttransdermal propertiesare perfect as carriers for hyperplastic skin. Therefore, glycyrrhetinic acid-D-α-tocopherol acid polyethylene glycol succinate (GA-TPGS) was synthesized, which prevented the inflammation and lipid peroxidation damage, thus effectively stabilizing the psoriasis. Then GA-TPGS was surface-modified on the curcumin (Cur) loaded ethosomes to construct curcumin-loaded GA-TPGS-modified multifunctional ethosomes (Cur@GA-TPGS-ES), exerting synergistic treatment for psoriasis. Using an interleukin-6-induced cell model, we found that Cur@GA-TPGS-ES displayed desirable suppression of inflammation response and oxidative stress damage. Compared with the ethanol solution, the percutaneous penetration rates of Cur and GA in Cur@GA-TPGS-ES were superior. In vivo microdialysis revealed similar results, suggesting an increase of transcutaneous absorption in Cur@GA-TPGS-ES. Fluorescence staining revealed that the cellular uptake and skin distribution were distinctly enhanced with the delivery by Cur@GA-TPGS-ES. After topical administration to imiquimod-induced psoriatic mice, the Cur@GA-TPGS-ES group showed powerful treatment from inflammatory infiltration inhibition of Cur, glucocorticoid-like effects of GA and anti-lipid peroxidation of TPGS. Overall, GA-TPGS mediated ethosomes possess more advantageous transdermal properties and synergistic antipsoriatic efficacy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Celebi Sözener Z, Cevhertas L, Nadeau K, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Environmental factors in epithelial barrier dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 145:1517-1528. [PMID: 32507229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main interfaces controlling and attempting to homeostatically balance communications between the host and the environment are the epithelial barriers of the skin, gastrointestinal system, and airways. The epithelial barrier constitutes the first line of physical, chemical, and immunologic defenses and provides a protective wall against environmental factors. Following the industrial revolution in the 19th century, urbanization and socioeconomic development have led to an increase in energy consumption, and waste discharge, leading to increased exposure to air pollution and chemical hazards. Particularly after the 1960s, biological and chemical insults from the surrounding environment-the exposome-have been disrupting the physical integrity of the barrier by degrading the intercellular barrier proteins at tight and adherens junctions, triggering epithelial alarmin cytokine responses such as IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and increasing the epithelial barrier permeability. A typical type 2 immune response develops in affected organs in asthma, rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis. The aim of this article was to discuss the effects of environmental factors such as protease enzymes of allergens, detergents, tobacco, ozone, particulate matter, diesel exhaust, nanoparticles, and microplastic on the integrity of the epithelial barriers in the context of epithelial barrier hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Celebi Sözener
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse 9, Davos, Switzerland; Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse 9, Davos, Switzerland; Department of Medical Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kari Nadeau
- the Naddisy Foundation, Sean Parker Asthma and Allergy Center, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse 9, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse 9, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Wang J, Chen D, Kam WR, Sullivan DA. The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α in the Regulation of Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:1. [PMID: 32150252 PMCID: PMC7401459 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We recently discovered that a hypoxic environment is beneficial for meibomian gland (MG) function. The mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown, but we hypothesize that it is due to an increase in the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). In other tissues, HIF1α is the primary regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia, and HIF1α expression can be induced by multiple stimuli, including hypoxia and hypoxia-mimetic agents. The objective of this study was to test our hypothesis. Methods Human eyelid tissues were stained for HIF1α. Immortalized human MG epithelial cells (IHMGECs) were cultured for varying time periods under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (1% O2) conditions, in the presence or absence of the hypoxia-mimetic agent roxadustat (Roxa). IHMGECs were then processed for the analysis of cell number, HIF1α expression, lipid-containing vesicles, neutral and polar lipid content, DNase II activity, and intracellular pH. Results Our results show that HIF1α protein is present in human MG acinar epithelial cells in vivo. Our findings also demonstrate that exposure to 1% O2 or to Roxa increases the expression of HIF1α, the number of lipid-containing vesicles, the content of neutral lipids, and the activity of DNase II and decreases the pH in IHMGECs in vitro. Conclusions Our data support our hypothesis that the beneficial effect of hypoxia on the MG is mediated through an increased expression of HIF1α.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bowman SL, Bi-Karchin J, Le L, Marks MS. The road to lysosome-related organelles: Insights from Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and other rare diseases. Traffic 2020; 20:404-435. [PMID: 30945407 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) comprise a diverse group of cell type-specific, membrane-bound subcellular organelles that derive at least in part from the endolysosomal system but that have unique contents, morphologies and functions to support specific physiological roles. They include: melanosomes that provide pigment to our eyes and skin; alpha and dense granules in platelets, and lytic granules in cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, which release effectors to regulate hemostasis and immunity; and distinct classes of lamellar bodies in lung epithelial cells and keratinocytes that support lung plasticity and skin lubrication. The formation, maturation and/or secretion of subsets of LROs are dysfunctional or entirely absent in a number of hereditary syndromic disorders, including in particular the Hermansky-Pudlak syndromes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of LROs in humans and model organisms and presents our current understanding of how the products of genes that are defective in heritable diseases impact their formation, motility and ultimate secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Bowman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Bi-Karchin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Linh Le
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bikle D, Christakos S. New aspects of vitamin D metabolism and action - addressing the skin as source and target. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:234-252. [PMID: 32029884 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has a key role in stimulating calcium absorption from the gut and promoting skeletal health, as well as many other important physiological functions. Vitamin D is produced in the skin. It is subsequently metabolized to its hormonally active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), by the 1-hydroxylase and catabolized by the 24-hydroxylase. In this Review, we pay special attention to the effect of mutations in these enzymes and their clinical manifestations. We then discuss the role of vitamin D binding protein in transporting vitamin D and its metabolites from their source to their targets, the free hormone hypothesis for cell entry and HSP70 for intracellular transport. This is followed by discussion of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that mediates the cellular actions of 1,25(OH)2D. Cell-specific recruitment of co-regulatory complexes by liganded VDR leads to changes in gene expression that result in distinct physiological actions by 1,25(OH)2D, which are disrupted by mutations in the VDR. We then discuss the epidermis and hair follicle, to provide a non-skeletal example of a tissue that expresses VDR that not only makes vitamin D but also can metabolize it to its hormonally active form. This enables vitamin D to regulate epidermal differentiation and hair follicle cycling and, in so doing, to promote barrier function, wound healing and hair growth, while limiting cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Departments of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Trikamjee T, Comberiati P, D'Auria E, Peroni D, Zuccotti GV. Nutritional Factors in the Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis in Children. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:577413. [PMID: 33585361 PMCID: PMC7874114 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.577413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is one of the most frequent chronic skin diseases worldwide and often develops within the first few years of life. Recent advancements in our knowledge of its pathophysiology have brought to light the role of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. With the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases, there is a strong need for a better understanding of the various modifiable eliciting factors of such conditions. The concomitant rise in food allergy and insights into the skin barrier function has highlighted the role of nutrition and diet in the prevention and modification of allergic disorders. Furthermore, the identification of the skin as an important route of sensitization, and the risk of progression to asthma later in life, stress the significance of optimizing our management of skin inflammation in the prevention of allergies. Many nutritional factors, including the type of maternal diet during pregnancy, the duration of breastfeeding, the epicutaneous exposure of allergenic food proteins in the first few years of life, the timing of the introduction of complementary foods, the supplementation of vitamins and probiotics/prebiotics during prenatal and early life, have been assessed as potential targets for the prevention of atopy and eczema. Here, we review the latest data addressing prenatal and perinatal nutritional and dietary interventions in the primary prevention of atopic dermatitis. Also, we define knowledge gaps and targets for future research in the prevention of atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thulja Trikamjee
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enza D'Auria
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Coates M, Lee MJ, Norton D, MacLeod AS. The Skin and Intestinal Microbiota and Their Specific Innate Immune Systems. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2950. [PMID: 31921196 PMCID: PMC6928192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin and intestine are active organs of the immune system that are constantly exposed to the outside environment. They support diverse microbiota, both commensal and pathogenic, which encompass bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The skin and intestine must maintain homeostasis with the diversity of commensal organisms present on epithelial surfaces. Here we review the current literature pertaining to epithelial barrier formation, microbial composition, and the complex regulatory mechanisms governing the interaction between the innate immune system and microbiota in the skin and intestine. We also compare and contrast the skin and intestine—two different organ systems responsible creating a protective barrier against the external environment, each of which has unique mechanisms for interaction with commensal populations and host repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Coates
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Min Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Diana Norton
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Amanda S MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Pinnell Center for Investigative Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Menon GK, Catania KC, Crumrine D, Bradley C, Mauldin EA. Unique features of the skin barrier in naked mole rats reflect adaptations to their fossorial habitat. J Morphol 2019; 280:1871-1880. [PMID: 31633222 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The stratum corneum (SC), the top layer of the epidermis, is the functional site of the skin barrier and serves to maintain hydration of the body by preventing water loss and thwarting the entrance of pathogens. The naked mole rat (NMR) (Heterocephalus glaber) is a rodent that resides in hypoxic underground tunnels in arid Africa. NMRs are not only hairless; their skin is devoid of glands and pain sensation. To understand how the skin barrier of the NMR is uniquely adapted to this environment, skin samples from the dorsum and ventral abdomen in one adult and one neonate were examined by transmission electron microscopy using both reduced osmium tetroxide to assess overall structure and ruthenium tetroxide post-fixation to assess lipid organization. These findings were compared with that of hairless mice-a well-defined model for skin barrier studies. The plasticity of the skin was evaluated on 10 NMRs from a colony at the Philadelphia Zoo in humid and dry conditions by measuring cutaneous hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and pH. The epidermal ultrastructure of the NMR differed from hairless mice by having the following features: decreased content of lamellar bodies (LBs), higher LB pleomorphism, periodic presence of abnormal lipid bilayers, and an unusually thick SC. The NMRs developed significant TEWL and a trend toward decreased hydration when subjected to dry conditions. While these features illustrate an imperfect skin barrier in terrestrial mammals, they likely represent adaptations of the poikilothermic NMRs to their unique natural fossorial climate. Prolonged exposure to decreased humidity could possibly lead to adverse health effects in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth C Catania
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Debra Crumrine
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Charles Bradley
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth A Mauldin
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|