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Song Y, Yuan H, Yang X, Yang Z, Ren Z, Qi S, He H, Zhang XX, Jiang T, Yuan ZG. The opposing effect of acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection on tumor development. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:247. [PMID: 38835064 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between Toxoplasma gondii infection and tumor development is intriguing and not yet fully understood. Some studies showed that T. gondii reversed tumor immune suppression, while some reported the opposite, stating that T. gondii infection promoted tumor growth. METHODS We created three mouse models to investigate the interplay between T. gondii and tumor. Model I aimed to study the effect of tumor growth on T. gondii infection by measuring cyst number and size. Models II and III were used to investigate the effect of different stages of T. gondii infection on tumor development via flow cytometry and bioluminescent imaging. Mouse strains (Kunming, BALB/c, and C57BL/6J) with varying susceptibilities to tumors were used in the study. RESULTS The size and number of brain cysts in the tumor-infected group were significantly higher, indicating that tumor presence promotes T. gondii growth in the brain. Acute T. gondii infection, before or after tumor cell introduction, decreased tumor growth manifested by reduced bioluminescent signal and tumor size and weight. In the tumor microenvironment, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell number, including their subpopulations (cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and Th1 cells) had a time-dependent increase in the group with acute T. gondii infection compared with the group without infection. However, in the peripheral blood, the increase of T cells, including cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and Th1 cells, persisted 25 days after Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell injection in the group with acute T. gondii. Chronic T. gondii infection enhanced tumor growth as reflected by increase in tumor size and weight. The LLC group with chronic T. gondii infection exhibited decreased percentages of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and Th1 cells 25 days post-LLC injection as compared with the LLC group without T. gondii infection. At week 4 post-LLC injection, chronic T. gondii infection increased tumor formation rate [odds ratio (OR) 1.71] in both KM and BALB/c mice. CONCLUSIONS Our research elucidates the dynamics between T. gondii infection and tumorigenesis. Tumor-induced immune suppression promoted T. gondii replication in the brain. Acute and chronic T. gondii infection had opposing effects on tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zipeng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowen Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Houjing He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tiantian Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Zi-Guo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Miranda Júnior NRD, Santos AGAD, Pereira AV, Mariano IA, Guilherme ALF, Santana PDL, Beletini LDF, Evangelista FF, Nogueira-Melo GDA, Sant'Ana DDMG. Rosuvastatin enhances alterations caused by Toxoplasma gondii in the duodenum of mice. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102194. [PMID: 37597359 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Infection by Toxoplasma gondii may compromise the intestinal histoarchitecture through the tissue reaction triggered by the parasite. Thus, this study evaluated whether treatment with rosuvastatin modifies duodenal changes caused by the chronic infection induced by cysts of T. gondii. For this, female Swiss mice were distributed into infected and treated group (ITG), infected group (IG), group treated with 40 mg/kg rosuvastatin (TG) and control group (CG). After 72 days of infection, the animals were euthanized, the duodenum was collected and processed for histopathological analysis. We observed an increase in immune cell infiltration in the IG, TG and ITG groups, with injury to the Brunner glands. The infection led to a reduction in collagen fibers and mast cells. Infected and treated animals showed an increase in collagen fibers, acidic mucin-producing goblet cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes and mast cells, in addition to the reduction of muscle, neutral mucin-producing and Paneth cells. While treatment with rosuvastatin alone led to increased muscle layer, proportion of neutral mucin-producing goblet cells, Paneth cells, and reduction of collagen fibers. These findings indicate that the infection and treatment caused changes in the homeostasis of the intestinal wall and treatment with rosuvastatin potentiated most parameters indicative of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Raimundo de Miranda Júnior
- Biosciences and Physiopathology Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Amanda Gubert Alves Dos Santos
- Biosciences and Physiopathology Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Andréia Vieira Pereira
- Biosciences and Physiopathology Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Isabela Alessandra Mariano
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Falavigna Guilherme
- Health Sciences Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Priscilla de Laet Santana
- Health Sciences Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Lucimara de Fátima Beletini
- Health Sciences Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Evangelista
- Health Sciences Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Gessilda de Alcantara Nogueira-Melo
- Biosciences and Physiopathology Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Debora de Mello Gonçales Sant'Ana
- Biosciences and Physiopathology Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.
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de Los Ángeles Aldirico M, Giorgio FM, Soto A, Sibilia MDP, Sánchez VR, Picchio MS, Rattay G, Arcon N, Moretta R, Martín V, Goldman A, Fenoy IM. Maternal stress increases risk of allergic lung inflammation in adult mice. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152395. [PMID: 37210753 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergies are increasing worldwide. The presence of atopic diseases in the mother propagates the onset of allergic diseases in the offspring with a considerably stronger penetrance than atopic diseases of the father. Such observation challenges genetic predispositions as the sole cause of allergic diseases. Epidemiological studies suggest that caregiver stress in the perinatal period may predispose offspring to asthma. Only one group has studied the link between prenatal stress and neonatal asthma susceptibility in a murine model. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study if the neonatal increased risk of developing allergic lung inflammation persists after puberty and if there are sex differences in susceptibility. METHODS Pregnant BALB/c mice were subjected to a single restraint stress exposure at day 15 of gestation. Pups were separated by gender and subjected to a well-known sub-optimal asthma model after puberty. RESULTS Adult mice born to stressed dams were more susceptible to developing allergic pulmonary inflammation since an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), a greater peribronchial and perivascular infiltrate, a higher proportion of mucus-producing cells, and increased IL-4 and IL-5 levels in BAL were detected compared to control mice. These effects were more profound in females than males. Moreover, only females from stressed dams showed an increase in IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS Increased litter susceptibility to develop allergic lung inflammation induced by maternal stress persists after puberty and is more potent in females than in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ariadna Soto
- ITECA, ECyT UNSAM, CONICET, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Guido Rattay
- ITECA, ECyT UNSAM, CONICET, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Arcon
- ITECA, ECyT UNSAM, CONICET, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosalía Moretta
- ITECA, ECyT UNSAM, CONICET, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valentina Martín
- ITECA, ECyT UNSAM, CONICET, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Goldman
- ITECA, ECyT UNSAM, CONICET, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Borgia F, Li Pomi F, Alessandrello C, Vaccaro M, Gangemi S. Potential Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Skin Diseases. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12083043. [PMID: 37109379 PMCID: PMC10144013 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12083043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are lymphoid cells that are resident in mucosal tissues, especially the skin, which, once stimulated by epithelial cell-derived cytokines, release IL-5, IL-13, and IL-4, as the effectors of type 2 immune responses. This research aims to evaluate the role of ILC2s in the pathogenesis of skin diseases, with a particular focus on inflammatory cutaneous disorders, in order to also elucidate potential therapeutic perspectives. The research has been conducted in articles, excluding reviews and meta-analyses, on both animals and humans. The results showed that ILC2s play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of systemic skin manifestations, prognosis, and severity, while a potential antimelanoma role is emerging from the new research. Future perspectives could include the development of new antibodies targeting or stimulating ILC2 release. This evidence could add a new therapeutic approach to inflammatory cutaneous conditions, including allergic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Li Pomi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Clara Alessandrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Saber S, Alomar SY, Yahya G. Blocking prostanoid receptors switches on multiple immune responses and cascades of inflammatory signaling against larval stages in snail fever. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43546-43555. [PMID: 35396684 PMCID: PMC9200668 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever or bilharziasis, is a worm infection caused by trematode called schistosomes that affects humans and animals worldwide. Schistosomiasis endemically exists in developing countries. Inflammatory responses elicited in the early phase of infection represent the rate limiting step for parasite migration and pathogenesis and could be a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin (IL)-10 were found to be differentially affected in case of immune-modulation studies and cytokine analysis of hosts infected with either normal or radiation-attenuated parasite (RA) which switches off the development of an effective immune response against the migrating parasite in the early phase of schistosomiasis. Normal parasites induce predominantly a T helper 2 (Th2)-type cytokine response (IL-4 and IL-5) which is essential for parasite survival; here, we discuss in detail the downstream effects and cascades of inflammatory signaling of PGE2 and IL10 induced by normal parasites and the effect of blocking PGE2 receptors. We suggest that by selectively constraining the production of PGE2 during vaccination or therapy of susceptible persons or infected patients of schistosomiasis, this would boost IL-12 and reduce IL-10 production leading to a polarization toward the anti-worm Thl cytokine synthesis (IL-2 and Interferon (IFN)-γ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Suliman Y. Alomar
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Al Sharkia, 44519 Egypt
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