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Adusu‐Donkor L, Ofori EK, Kotey FCN, Dogodzi FK, Dziedzorm W, Buabeng A, Bernard SK, Amponsah SK, Asare‐Anane H. Blood C-peptide concentration as a proxy marker of cardiovascular disease: An observational cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1535. [PMID: 37662537 PMCID: PMC10472907 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of disability and early death in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the current blood tests for CVD diagnosis involve performing about three test profiles; often at additional cost to patients. C-peptide, a cleavage product of proinsulin, is a promising marker that has the potential to serve as a proxy marker for diagnosing CVDs in resource-poor settings. Methodology The study was an observational cross-sectional one and involved 127 consenting persons diagnosed with CVD and 127 individuals without CVD. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of participants were obtained. Blood levels of C-peptide, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total creatinine kinase (CK), creatine kinase myocardial bound (CKMB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), propeptide of brain natriuretic peptide (PBNP), Troponin T, lipids, and biomarkers of kidney and liver function were analyzed using ELISA and an automated analyzer. Insulin resistance was computed using the modified homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Results The CVD Group had significantly higher levels of C-peptide, CK, CKMB, troponin T, PBNP, FPG, HOMA-IR, and several selected kidney, liver, and lipid parameters compared to the non-CVD Group (p < 0.05 for all). Troponin T recorded a positive correlation (r = 0.34, p < 0.001) with C-peptide among the CVD Group. The sensitivity and specificity of C-peptide in identifying CVD were 96.1% and 91.3% respectively (area under the curve = 0.938, p < 0.001). Conclusion C-peptide levels were higher in the CVD Group and appeared to be a valuable (high sensitivity and specificity) biomarker in detecting CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurinda Adusu‐Donkor
- Department of Chemical PathologyU.G.M.S, University of GhanaAccraGhana
- Department of Chemical Pathology37 Military HospitalAccraGhana
| | | | - Fleischer C. N. Kotey
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyU.G.M.S, University of GhanaAccraGhana
- FleRhoLife Research ConsultAccraGhana
| | | | | | - Alfred Buabeng
- Department of Chemical PathologyU.G.M.S, University of GhanaAccraGhana
| | | | - Seth K. Amponsah
- Department of Medical PharmacologyU.G.M.S, University of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Henry Asare‐Anane
- Department of Chemical PathologyU.G.M.S, University of GhanaAccraGhana
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Yang Q, Liu Y, Peng J, Pan J, Chen L, Cui J, Yi B. High levels of serum C-peptide are associated with a decreased risk for incident renal progression in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:11/2/e003201. [PMID: 36958752 PMCID: PMC10040069 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION C-peptide has been reported to provide renoprotective effects. This study aims to explore the relationship between C-peptide and progression of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We retrospectively collected clinical data from 854 T2DM patients over a median follow-up of 5 years. Renal events included an annual decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a rapid kidney function decline and a renal composite endpoint. A linear mixed-effects model and Cox regression analysis were used to investigate the effect of C-peptide on renal events, and a subgroup analysis was performed after stratification by risk factors. RESULTS The highest-level C-peptide group had a smaller annual eGFR decline compared with those in the group with the lowest level (p<0.05). Higher levels of 2 h postprandial C-peptide (2hPCP) (adjusted HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.92), difference between 2 h postprandial and fasting C-peptide (ΔCP) (adjusted HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.69), and 2 h postprandial C-peptide-to-glucose ratio (PCGR) (adjusted HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.82) were independently related to a decreased risk for the renal composite endpoint. 2hPCP <2.92 ng/mL, ΔCP <1.86 ng/mL, and PCGR <1.11 significantly increased the risk of progression in kidney function (adjusted HRs <0.50, p<0.05) among T2DM patients with male sex, an age of <65 years old, a disease course of <10 years, an glycosylated hemoglobin value of ≥7%, or a history of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of 2hPCP, ΔCP and PCGR could protect T2DM patients from renal progression, especially in the aforementioned population with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinting Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Rossiter JL, Redlinger LJ, Kolar GR, Samson WK, Yosten GLC. The actions of C-peptide in HEK293 cells are dependent upon insulin and extracellular glucose concentrations. Peptides 2022; 150:170718. [PMID: 34954230 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Connecting peptide, or C-peptide, is a part of the insulin prohormone and is essential for the proper folding and processing of the mature insulin peptide. C-peptide is released from the same beta cell secretory granules as insulin in equimolar amounts. However, due to their relative stabilities in plasma, the two peptides are detected in the circulation at ratios of approximately 4:1 to 6:1 (C-peptide to insulin), depending on metabolic state. C-peptide binds specifically to human cell membranes and induces intracellular signaling cascades, likely through an interaction with the G protein coupled receptor, GPR146. C-peptide has been shown to exert protective effects against the vascular, renal, and ocular complications of diabetes. The effects of C-peptide appear to be dependent upon the presence of insulin and the absolute, extracellular concentration of glucose. In this study, we employed HEK293 cells to further examine the interactive effects of C-peptide, insulin, and glucose on cell signaling. We observed that C-peptide's cellular effects are dampened significantly when cells are exposed to physiologically relevant concentrations of both insulin and C-peptide. Likewise, the actions of C-peptide on cFos and GPR146 mRNA expressions were affected by changes in extracellular glucose concentration. In particular, C-peptide induced significant elevations in cFos expression in the setting of high (25 mmol) extracellular glucose concentration. These data indicate that future experimentation on the actions of C-peptide should control for the presence or absence of insulin and the concentration of glucose. Furthermore, these findings should be considered prior to the development of C-peptide-based therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L Rossiter
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Lauren J Redlinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States.
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Dinoto E, Ferlito F, La Marca MA, Tortomasi G, Urso F, Evola S, Guercio G, Marcianò M, Pakeliani D, Bajardi G, Pecoraro F. The Role of Early Revascularization and Biomarkers in the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Single Center Experience. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020538. [PMID: 35204630 PMCID: PMC8871223 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy and Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) are the main etiological factors in foot ulceration. Herein, we report our experience of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) management, with an analysis of the relationship between the rate of lower extremity amputation, in persons with infected DFU, after revascularization procedures performed to prevent major amputation. This study highlights the role of different biomarkers, showing their usefulness and potentiality in diabetic foot ulcer management, especially for the early diagnosis and therapy effectiveness monitoring. A retrospective analysis, from September 2016 to January 2021, of diabetic patients presenting diabetic foot with DFU, was performed. All patients were treated with at least one vascular procedure (endovascular, open, hybrid procedures) targeting PAD lesions. Outcomes measured were perioperative mortality and morbidity. Freedom from occlusion, primary and secondary patency, and amputation rate were registered. A total of 267 patients, with a mean age of 72.5 years, were included in the study. The major amputation rate was 6.2%, minor amputation rate was 17%. In our experience, extreme revascularization to obtain direct flow reduced the rate of amputations, with an increase in ulcer healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Dinoto
- Vascular Surgery Unit, AOUP Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.F.); (M.A.L.M.); (G.T.); (F.U.); (G.B.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Ferlito
- Vascular Surgery Unit, AOUP Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.F.); (M.A.L.M.); (G.T.); (F.U.); (G.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Manfredi Agostino La Marca
- Vascular Surgery Unit, AOUP Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.F.); (M.A.L.M.); (G.T.); (F.U.); (G.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Graziella Tortomasi
- Vascular Surgery Unit, AOUP Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.F.); (M.A.L.M.); (G.T.); (F.U.); (G.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesca Urso
- Vascular Surgery Unit, AOUP Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.F.); (M.A.L.M.); (G.T.); (F.U.); (G.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Salvatore Evola
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Guercio
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Paolo Giaccone University Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Marco Marcianò
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Paolo Giaccone University Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - David Pakeliani
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Guido Bajardi
- Vascular Surgery Unit, AOUP Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.F.); (M.A.L.M.); (G.T.); (F.U.); (G.B.); (F.P.)
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Felice Pecoraro
- Vascular Surgery Unit, AOUP Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.F.); (M.A.L.M.); (G.T.); (F.U.); (G.B.); (F.P.)
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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Dalmasso C, Chade AR, Mendez M, Giani JF, Bix GJ, Chen KC, Loria AS. Intrarenal Renin Angiotensin System Imbalance During Postnatal Life Is Associated With Increased Microvascular Density in the Mature Kidney. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1046. [PMID: 32982785 PMCID: PMC7491414 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress during early life is an important factor that affects the postnatal renal development. We have previously shown that male rats exposed to maternal separation (MatSep), a model of early life stress, are normotensive but display a sex-specific reduced renal function and exacerbated angiotensin II (AngII)-mediated vascular responses as adults. Since optimal AngII levels during postnatal life are required for normal maturation of the kidney, this study was designed to investigate both short- and long-term effect of MatSep on (1) the renal vascular architecture and function, (2) the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components status, and (3) the genome-wide expression of genes in isolated renal vasculature. Renal tissue and plasma were collected from male rats at different postnatal days (P) for intrarenal RAS components mRNA and protein expression measurements at P2, 6, 10, 14, 21, and 90 and microCT analysis at P21 and 90. Although with similar body weight and renal mass trajectories from P2 to P90, MatSep rats displayed decreased renal filtration capacity at P90, while increased microvascular density at both P21 and P90 (p < 0.05). MatSep increased renal expression of renin, and angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors (p < 0.05), but reduced ACE2 mRNA expression and activity from P2-14 compared to controls. However, intrarenal levels of AngII peptide were reduced (p < 0.05) possible due to the increased degradation to AngIII by aminopeptidase A. In isolated renal vasculature from neonates, Enriched Biological Pathways functional clusters (EBPfc) from genes changed by MatSep reported to modulate extracellular structure organization, inflammation, and pro-angiogenic transcription factors. Our data suggest that male neonates exposed to MatSep could display permanent changes in the renal microvascular architecture in response to intrarenal RAS imbalance in the context of the atypical upregulation of angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Dalmasso
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Alejandro R. Chade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine, and Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Mariela Mendez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jorge F. Giani
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gregory J. Bix
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kuey C. Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Analia S. Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Anti-inflammatory effects of C-peptide on kidney of type 1 diabetes mellitus animal model. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:721-726. [PMID: 31679115 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by C-peptide deficiency and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of C-peptide in renal and inflammatory complications in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice model of T1DM with kidney disease. The study was performed in 8-week old male C57BL/6 mice. Two streptozotocin-diabetic groups (a T1DM animal model), after 4 weeks of diabetes, were treated with subcutaneous infusion of either vehicle (n = 12) or C-peptide (n = 11). Two non-diabetic groups (vehicle, n = 10; C-peptide, n = 9) were treated using the same protocol as described for the diabetic mice. The treatment with C-peptide in the diabetic group reduced the urinary levels of IL17 and TNFα, as well as IL4 and IL10 (p < 0.05). Contrary, the diabetic + C-peptide group presented higher IL10 gene expression in kidney. Besides, it displayed a reduction of TNFα gene expression. The data suggest that C-peptide may modulate pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling pathways, resulting in attenuation of kidney inflammation in T1DM animal model.
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Ragy MM, Ahmed SM. Protective effects of either C-peptide or l-arginine on pancreatic β-cell function, proliferation, and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11500-11510. [PMID: 30515793 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors including hypertension and dyslipidemia are the major threats to human health in the 21st century. Apoptosis in pancreatic tissue is one of the major causes of diabetes type 1 progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of C-peptide or l-arginine on some cardiometabolic risk factors, pancreatic morphology, function and apoptosis, and the mechanisms of their actions. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups: 1-control nondiabetic, 2-diabetic (no treatment), 3-diabetic + C-peptide, and 4-diabetic + l-arginine. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of high dose streptozotocin. At the end of the experiment, sera glucose, insulin levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and pancreatic MDA, TAC, and B-cell lymphoma 2 were measured. The morphology and proliferating activity of the pancreas were examined by hematoxylin and eosin histological stain, proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and insulin antibodies. Our results showed that induction of diabetes caused hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. However, administration of C-peptide or l-arginine significantly improved the pancreatic histopathology with a significant increase in the area % of insulin immunoreactivity, the number of PCNA immunopositive cells, the number of islets, and the diameter of islets compared with the diabetic group. C-peptide treatment of the diabetic rats completely corrected these errors, while l-arginine partially antagonized the above diabetic complications. So the administration of C-peptide as an adjuvant therapy in type 1 diabetes can significantly decrease apoptosis of pancreas and subsequent progression of diabetes complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merhan Mamdouh Ragy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Jiang Y, Zhang W, Xu S, Lin H, Sui W, Liu H, Peng L, Fang Q, Chen L, Lou J. Transplantation of human fetal pancreatic progenitor cells ameliorates renal injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. J Transl Med 2017; 15:147. [PMID: 28655312 PMCID: PMC5488369 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Pancreas or islet transplantation has been reported to prevent the development of DN lesions and ameliorate or reverse existing glomerular lesions in animal models. Shortage of pancreas donor is a severe problem. Islets derived from stem cells may offer a potential solution to this problem. Objective To evaluate the effect of stem cell-derived islet transplantation on DN in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced DM. Methods Pancreatic progenitor cells were isolated from aborted fetuses of 8 weeks of gestation. And islets were prepared by suspension culture after a differentiation of progenitor cells in medium containing glucagon-like peptide-1 (Glp-1) and nicotinamide. Then islets were transplanted into the liver of diabetic rats via portal vein. Blood glucose, urinary volume, 24 h urinary protein and urinary albumin were measured once biweekly for 16 weeks. Graft survival was evaluated by monitoring human C-peptide level in rat sera and by immunohistochemical staining for human mitochondrial antigen and human C-peptide in liver tissue. The effect of progenitor-derived islets on filtration membrane was examined by electron microscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunohistochemical staining, real-time PCR and western blot were employed for detecting fibronectin, protein kinase C beta (PKCβ), protein kinase A (PKA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results Islet-like clusters derived from 8th gestational-week human fetal pancreatic progenitors survived in rat liver. And elevated serum level of human C-peptide was detected. Blood glucose, 24 h urinary protein and urinary albumin were lower in progenitor cell group than those in DN or insulin treatment group. Glomerular basement membrane thickness and fibronectin accumulation decreased significantly while podocytes improved morphologically in progenitor cell group. Furthermore, receptor of advanced glycation end products and PKCβ became down-regulated whereas PKA up-regulated by progenitor cell-derived islets. And iNOS rose while SOD declined. Conclusions DN may be reversed by transplantation of human fetal pancreatic progenitor cell-derived islets. And fetal pancreatic progenitor cells offer potential resources for cell replacement therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1253-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weiguo Sui
- First Kidney Transplantation Hemopurification Center of Chinese PLA, 181st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guilin, 541002, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Peng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Fang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jinning Lou
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Xiang L, Mittwede PN, Clemmer JS. Glucose Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Alterations in Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1815-39. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Romero-Nava R, Rodriguez JE, Reséndiz-Albor AA, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Ruiz-Hernandéz A, Huang F, Hong E, Villafaña S. Changes in protein and gene expression of angiotensin II receptors (AT1 and AT2) in aorta of diabetic and hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2015; 38:56-62. [PMID: 26268856 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1060984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and hypertension have been associated with cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Some reports have related the coexistence of hypertension and diabetes with increase in the risk of developing vascular complications. Recently some studies have shown results suggesting that in the early stages of diabetes and hypertension exist a reduced functional response to vasopressor agents like angiotensin II (Ang II), which plays an important role in blood pressure regulation mechanism through the activation of its AT1 and AT2 receptors. For that reason, the aim of this work was to study the gene and protein expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors in aorta of diabetic SHR and WKY rats. Diabetes was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg i.p.). After 4 weeks of the onset of diabetes, the protein expression was obtained by western blot and the mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Our results showed that the hypertensive rats have a higher mRNA and protein expression of AT1 receptors than normotensive rats while the AT2 expression remained unchanged. On the other hand, the combination of diabetes and hypertension increased the mRNA and protein expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors significantly. In conclusion, our results suggest that diabetes with hypertension modifies the mRNA and protein expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors. However, the overexpression of AT2 could be associated with the reduction in the response to Ang II in the early stage of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Romero-Nava
- a Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular , Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. , México
| | - J E Rodriguez
- a Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular , Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. , México
| | - A A Reséndiz-Albor
- a Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular , Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. , México
| | - F Sánchez-Muñoz
- b Departamento de Inmunología , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México D.F. , México
| | - A Ruiz-Hernandéz
- a Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular , Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. , México
| | - F Huang
- c Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología , Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), México D.F. , México , and
| | - E Hong
- d Departamento de Neurofarmacobiología , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, México D.F. , México
| | - S Villafaña
- a Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular , Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. , México
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C-peptide as a Therapy for Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127439. [PMID: 25993479 PMCID: PMC4439165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C-peptide has intrinsic biological activity and may be renoprotective. We conducted a systematic review to determine whether C-peptide had a beneficial effect on renal outcomes. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Databases were searched for human and animal studies in which C-peptide was administered and renal endpoints were subsequently measured. We identified 4 human trials involving 74 patients as well as 18 animal studies involving 35 separate experiments with a total of 641 animals. In humans, the renal effects of exogenously delivered C-peptide were only studied in type 1 diabetics with either normal renal function or incipient nephropathy. Pooled analysis showed no difference in GFR (mean difference, -1.36 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.72) in patients receiving C-peptide compared to a control group, but two studies reported a reduction in glomerular hyperfiltration (p<0.05). Reduction in albuminuria was also reported in the C-peptide group (p<0.05). In diabetic rodent models, C-peptide led to a reduction in GFR (mean difference, -0.62 mL/min, p<0.00001) reflecting a partial reduction in glomerular hyperfiltration. C-peptide also reduced proteinuria (mean difference, -186.25 mg/day, p = 0.05), glomerular volume (p<0.00001), and mesangial matrix area (p<0.00001) in diabetic animals without affecting blood pressure or plasma glucose. Most studies were relatively short-term in duration, ranging from 1 hour to 3 months. Human studies of sufficient sample size and duration are needed to determine if the beneficial effects of C-peptide seen in animal models translate into improved long-term clinical outcomes for patients with chronic kidney disease. (PROSPERO CRD42014007472)
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Nakamoto H, Nakayama K, Emoto N, Kajiya F. The Short-Term Effects of C-Peptide on the Early Diabetes-Related Ultrastructural Changes to the Podocyte Slit Diaphragm of Glomeruli in Rats. Microcirculation 2015; 22:122-32. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakamoto
- Department of Medical Engineering and Systems Cardiology; Kawasaki Medical School; Kurashiki Okayama Japan
- Department of Clinical Engineering; Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare; Kurashiki, Okayama Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakayama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe, Hyogo Japan
- Clinical Pharmacy; Kobe Pharmaceutical University; Hyogo Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kajiya
- Department of Medical Engineering and Systems Cardiology; Kawasaki Medical School; Kurashiki Okayama Japan
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Yosten GLC, Maric-Bilkan C, Luppi P, Wahren J. Physiological effects and therapeutic potential of proinsulin C-peptide. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E955-68. [PMID: 25249503 PMCID: PMC4254984 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00130.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Connecting Peptide, or C-peptide, is a product of the insulin prohormone, and is released with and in amounts equimolar to those of insulin. While it was once thought that C-peptide was biologically inert and had little biological significance beyond its role in the proper folding of insulin, it is now known that C-peptide binds specifically to the cell membranes of a variety of tissues and initiates specific intracellular signaling cascades that are pertussis toxin sensitive. Although it is now clear that C-peptide is a biologically active molecule, controversy still remains as to the physiological significance of the peptide. Interestingly, C-peptide appears to reverse the deleterious effects of high glucose in some tissues, including the kidney, the peripheral nerves, and the vasculature. C-peptide is thus a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes-associated long-term complications. This review addresses the possible physiologically relevant roles of C-peptide in both normal and disease states and discusses the effects of the peptide on sensory nerve, renal, and vascular function. Furthermore, we highlight the intracellular effects of the peptide and present novel strategies for the determination of the C-peptide receptor(s). Finally, a hypothesis is offered concerning the relationship between C-peptide and the development of microvascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Christine Maric-Bilkan
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Patrizia Luppi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Wahren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Cebix Inc., Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Solna, Sweden
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