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Cervantes J, Koska J, Kramer F, Akilesh S, Alpers CE, Mullick AE, Reaven P, Kanter JE. Elevated apolipoprotein C3 augments diabetic kidney disease and associated atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e177268. [PMID: 38743496 PMCID: PMC11383354 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes increases the risk of both cardiovascular disease and kidney disease. Notably, most of the excess cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes is in those with kidney disease. Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) is a key regulator of plasma triglycerides, and it has recently been suggested to play a role in both type 1 diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis and kidney disease progression. To investigate if APOC3 plays a role in kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes, we analyzed plasma levels of APOC3 from the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial. Elevated baseline APOC3 levels predicted a greater loss of renal function. To mechanistically test if APOC3 plays a role in diabetic kidney disease and associated atherosclerosis, we treated black and tan, brachyury, WT and leptin-deficient (OB; diabetic) mice, a model of type 2 diabetes, with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to APOC3 or a control ASO, all in the setting of human-like dyslipidemia. Silencing APOC3 prevented diabetes-augmented albuminuria, renal glomerular hypertrophy, monocyte recruitment, and macrophage accumulation, partly driven by reduced ICAM1 expression. Furthermore, reduced levels of APOC3 suppressed atherosclerosis associated with diabetes. This suggests that targeting APOC3 might benefit both diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Cervantes
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Juraj Koska
- VA Phoenix Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Farah Kramer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Charles E Alpers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Peter Reaven
- VA Phoenix Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jenny E Kanter
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Abu Seman N, Othman SH. Recent Progress in Genetics and Epigenetics Research on Diabetic Nephropathy in Malaysia. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:9053580. [PMID: 37187702 PMCID: PMC10181909 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9053580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a multifactorial disease. Gene susceptibility, as well as environmental exposure, plays an important role in disease progression. Malaysia is reported to be among the world's second-fastest-growing rates of kidney failure. Diabetic nephropathy has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease in Malaysia. This article is aimed at reviewing genetic studies conducted among diabetic nephropathy patients in the Malaysian population. This review was conducted by searching PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases to identify all relevant papers published in English from March 2022 to April 2022, using the following keywords: diabetes, type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease, and Malaysia. The case-control study among diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy showed a significant association with diabetic nephropathy in CNDP1, NOS3, and MnSOD genes. In the ethnic subgroup analysis, significant differences for diabetic nephropathy in terms of diabetes duration (≥10 years) were observed for CCL2 rs3917887, CCR5 rs1799987, ELMO1 rs74130, and IL8 rs4073. The IL8 rs4073 was associated only with the Indians, while the CCR5 rs1799987 was associated with the Chinese. In Malays, SLC12A3 Arg913Gln polymorphism and ICAM1 K469E (A/G) polymorphism were found to be associated with diabetic nephropathy. Studies on gene-environment interactions have suggested significant genetic and environmental factors such as smoking, waist circumference, and sex for eNOS rs2070744, PPARGC1A rs8192678, KCNQ1 rs2237895, and KCNQ1 rs2283228 with kidney disease. The genetic variants' contributions differed across ethnic groups. Therefore, a study to validate the genetic variants that are found to be associated with different ethnicities in Malaysia may be important in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhashimah Abu Seman
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Haslina Othman
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Khanijou V, Zafari N, Coughlan MT, MacIsaac RJ, Ekinci EI. Review of potential biomarkers of inflammation and kidney injury in diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3556. [PMID: 35708187 PMCID: PMC9541229 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is expected to increase rapidly over the coming decades with rising prevalence of diabetes worldwide. Current measures of kidney function based on albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate do not accurately stratify and predict individuals at risk of declining kidney function in diabetes. As a result, recent attention has turned towards identifying and assessing the utility of biomarkers in diabetic kidney disease. This review explores the current literature on biomarkers of inflammation and kidney injury focussing on studies of single or multiple biomarkers between January 2014 and February 2020. Multiple serum and urine biomarkers of inflammation and kidney injury have demonstrated significant association with the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Of the inflammatory biomarkers, tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 and -2 were frequently studied and appear to hold most promise as markers of diabetic kidney disease. With regards to kidney injury biomarkers, studies have largely targeted markers of tubular injury of which kidney injury molecule-1, beta-2-microglobulin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin emerged as potential candidates. Finally, the use of a small panel of selective biomarkers appears to perform just as well as a panel of multiple biomarkers for predicting kidney function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuthi Khanijou
- Melbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneAustin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Neda Zafari
- Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneAustin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Melinda T. Coughlan
- Department of DiabetesCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityAlfred Medical Research AllianceMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Heart & Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Richard J. MacIsaac
- Department of Endocrinology & DiabetesSt. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elif I. Ekinci
- Melbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneAustin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of EndocrinologyAustin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Quan KY, Yap CG, Jahan NK, Pillai N. Review of early circulating biomolecules associated with diabetes nephropathy - Ideal candidates for early biomarker array test for DN. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 182:109122. [PMID: 34742785 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the catastrophic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 45% of DN patients progressed to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) which robs casualties of the quality of live. The challenge in early diagnosis of DN is it is asymptomatic in the early phase. Current gold standard test for screening and diagnosis of DN are nonspecific and are not sensitive in detecting DN early enough and subsequently monitor renal function during management and intervention plans. Recent studies reported various biomolecules which are associated with the onset of DN in T2DM using cutting-edge technologies. These biomolecules could be potential early biomarkers for DN. This review selectively identified potential early serum biomolecules which are potential candidates for developing an Early Biomarker Array Test for DN. METHODS An advanced literature search was conducted on 4 online databases. Search terms used were "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2", "Diabetic nephropathy", "pathogenesis" and "early biomarker. Filters were applied to capture articles published from 2010 to 2020, written in English, human or animal models and focused on serum biomolecules associated with DN. RESULTS Five serum biomolecules have been evidently described as contributing pivotal roles in the pathophysiology of DN. MiR-377, miR-99b, CYP2E1, TGF-β1 and periostin are potential candidates for designing an early biomarker array for screening and diagnosis of early stages of DN. The five shortlisted biomolecules originates from endogenous biochemical processes which are specific to the progressive pathophysiology of DN. CONCLUSION miR-377, miR-99b, CYP2E1, TGF-β1 and periostin are potential candidate biomolecules for diagnosing DN at the early phases and can be developed into a panel of endogenous biomarkers for early detection of DN in patients with T2DM. The outcomes of this study will be a stepping stone towards planning and developing an early biomarker array test for diabetic nephropathy. The proposed panel of early biomarkers for DN has potential of stratifying the stages of DN because each biomolecule appears at distinct stages in the pathophysiology of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Ying Quan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Christina Gertrude Yap
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nowrozy Kamar Jahan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Naganathan Pillai
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Wong YH, Wong SH, Wong XT, Yi Yap Q, Yip KY, Wong LZ, Chellappan DK, Bhattamisra SK, Candasamy M. Genetic associated complications of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a review. Panminerva Med 2021; 64:274-288. [PMID: 34609116 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.21.04285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
According to the International Diabetes Federation, the number of adults (age of 20-79) being diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) have increased from 285 million in year 2009 to 463 million in year 2019 which comprises of 95% Type 2 DM patient (T2DM). Research have claimed that genetic predisposition could be one of the factors causing T2DM complications. In addition, T2DMcomplications cause an incremental risk to mortality. Therefore, this article aims to discuss some complications of T2DM in and their genetic association. The complications that are discussed in this article are diabetic nephropathy, diabetes induced cardiovascular disease, diabetic neuropathy, Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) and Alzheimer's disease. According to the information obtained, genes associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) are gene GABRR1 and ELMO1 that cause injury to glomerular. Replication of genes FRMD3, CARS and MYO16/IRS2 shown to have link with DN. The increase of gene THBS2, NGAL, PIP, TRAF6 polymorphism, ICAM-1 encoded for rs5498 polymorphism and C667T increase susceptibility towards DN in T2DM patient. Genes associated with cardiovascular diseases are Adiponectin gene (ACRP30) and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism gene with ξ2 allele. Haptoglobin (Hp) 1-1 genotype and Mitochondria Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) plays a role in cardiovascular events. As for genes related to diabetic neuropathy, Janus Kinase (JAK), mutation of SCN9A and TRPA1 gene and destruction of miRNA contribute to pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy among T2DM patients. Expression of cytokine IL-6, IL-10, miR-146a are found to cause diabetic neuropathy. Besides, A1a16Va1 gene polymorphism, an oxidative stress influence was found as one of the gene factors. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is believed to have association with Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1). Over-expression of gene ENPP1, IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokine, ARHGAP22's protein rs3844492 polymorphism and TLR4 heterozygous genotype are contributing to significant pathophysiological process causing DR, while research found increases level of UCP1 gene protects retina cells from oxidative stress. Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is manifested by slowing in reepithelialisation of keratinocyte, persistence wound inflammation and healing impairment. Reepithelialisation disturbance was caused by E2F3 gene, reduction of Tacl gene encoded substance P causing persistence inflammation while expression of MMp-9 polymorphism contributes to healing impairment. A decrease in HIF-1a gene expression leads to increased risk of pathogenesis, while downregulation of TLR2 increases severity of wound in DFU patients. SNPs alleles has been shown to have significant association between the genetic dispositions of T2DM and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The progression of AD can be due to the change in DNA methylation of CLOCK gene, followed with worsening of AD by APOE4 gene due to dyslipidaemia condition in T2DM patients. Insulin resistance is also a factor that contributes to pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee H Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shen H Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xiao T Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Qiao Yi Yap
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khar Y Yip
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liang Z Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat K Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia -
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Impact of inflammatory markers on the relationship between sleep quality and diabetic kidney disease. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:157-165. [PMID: 33891227 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both poor sleep and diabetic kidney disease are closely associated with inflammation. However, the correlation between poor sleep and diabetic kidney disease has not been well clarified. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the mediating role that inflammatory markers play in the pathogenic effect of poor sleep on the severity of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 336 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). DKD was diagnosed according to the guidelines of the National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (NKF-K/DOQI). The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score was applied to assess patients for the quality of their sleep. Patients with a PSQI score of more than 5 were assigned to the poor sleep group, and the rest of the patients were assigned to the good sleep group. Circulating levels of six inflammatory biomarkers related to poor sleep and DKD were measured. RESULTS The prevalence of DKD was higher in patients with poor sleep quality than in those with good sleep quality (42% vs. 25%, P = 0.002). After adjustment, poor sleep quality (PSQI score OR 1.075 [95%CI 1.018-1.135], P = 0.009) remained independently associated with DKD. PSQI score was found to be positively related to fibroblast growth factor (FGF23), interleukin 6 (IL-6), P-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (P < 0.01), rather than fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) in linear regression models. As revealed by multiple mediation analysis, FGF23 and IL-6 mediated 26% and 23% of the relationship between PSQI score and urinary microalbumin (UMA), respectively. Similarly, the FGF23 and ICAM-1, instead of IL-6 and P-selectin, mediated 32% and 24% of the association between PSQI and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep quality is independently associated with DKD. These results suggest that inflammatory markers contribute to a pathogenic connection between poor sleep and DKD.
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Cao XX, Yang JK, Wang L. Association between intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) polymorphisms and diabetic foot susceptibility: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18052. [PMID: 32176024 PMCID: PMC7440310 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to explore the association between intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) polymorphisms (rs5498 and rs3093030) and diabetic foot (DF) susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.128 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with DF, 147 T2DM patients without DF, and 155 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. ICAM1 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The genotypes and alleles of the polymorphisms were compared by χ test between the 2 groups. Association between ICAM1 polymorphisms and DF susceptibility was expressed through odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Effects of ICAM1 polymorphisms on DF clinical characteristics were analyzed by t test.GG genotype of rs5498 polymorphism was distinctly correlated with decreased T2DM risk (OR = 0.369, 95%CI = 0.152-0.895) and reduced susceptibility to DF among healthy controls (OR = 0.316, 95%CI = 0.119-0.837). Similar results were discovered between rs5498 G allele and decreased risk of T2DM (OR = 0.676, 95%CI = 0.475-0.963) and DF (OR = 0.656, 95%CI = 0.453-0.950) among healthy controls. Individuals carrying rs3093030 T allele had low susceptibility to DF developed from T2DM (OR = 0.634, 95%CI = 0.412-0.974). DF patients carrying rs5498 AA genotype had significantly higher serum creatinine levels than GG genotype carriers (P = .003).ICAM1 rs3093030 polymorphism may act as a protective factor against DF developed from T2DM, moreover, rs5498 may be involved in onset of T2DM.Clinical trial number: ChiCTR-INR-18010231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xia Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing
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Zhang X, Seman NA, Falhammar H, Brismar K, Gu HF. Genetic and Biological Effects of ICAM-1 E469K Polymorphism in Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:8305460. [PMID: 32626783 PMCID: PMC7313107 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8305460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a complex disease, in which local inflammatory stress results from both metabolic and hemodynamic derangements. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is an acute-phase protein marker of inflammation. In the recent years, clinical observations have reported that increased serum/plasma ICAM-1 levels are positively correlated with albuminuria in the patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Genetic association studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms, including SNP rs5498 (E469K, G/A), in the ICAM1 gene is associated with DKD. rs5498 is a nonsynonymous SNP and caused by substitution between E (Glu) and K (Lys) for ICAM-1 protein. In this review, we first summarized the genetic effects of ICAM1 E469K polymorphism in DKD and then demonstrated the possible changes of ICAM-1 protein crystal structures according to the genotypes of this polymorphism. Finally, we discussed the genetic effects of the ICAM1 E469K polymorphism and the biological role of increased circulating ICAM-1 protein and its formation changes in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, The first Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Norhashimah Abu Seman
- Cardiovascular, Diabetes and Nutrition Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
| | - Henrik Falhammar
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Harvest F. Gu
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Yanar K, Aydin S, Simsek B, Yaylim İ, Turan S, Sitar ME, Cacina C, Kucukhuseyin O, Tuten A, Cakatay U, Benian A. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Lys469Glu Polymorphism, Systemic Redox Homeostasis and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women. Can J Diabetes 2019; 43:173-178.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Mi W, Xia Y, Bian Y. The influence of ICAM1 rs5498 on diabetes mellitus risk: evidence from a meta-analysis. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:275-284. [PMID: 30798334 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are classified as forms of diabetes mellitus (DM) and commonly considered inflammatory process. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is involved in the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. However, the genetic association between ICAM-1 rs5498, and T1D and T2D risk was inconclusive. MATERIALS AND METHODS A meta-analysis by searching the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases was performed out. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to describe the strength of association of T1D and T2D risk. RESULTS A total of 14 studies encompassing 3233 cases and 2884 controls were included in the present meta-analysis. Significant associations were found between the allele and recessive models of ICAM1 rs5498 and DM in Asian population (allele: OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.03-1.23, p = 0.008; recessive: OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.06-1.48, p = 0.008), but not in Caucasian population (p > 0.05). In addition, the allele model of rs5498 was found to be significantly associated with the increased risk of T2D (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.01-1.21, p = 0.03), but not T1D (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The ICAM1 rs5498 might be a susceptible factor for T2D, but not T1D. And the allele and recessive models of ICAM1 rs5498 might be a risk factor in Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Mi
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhui Bian
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
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11
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Liu L, He D, Fang L, Yan X. Association between E469K polymorphism in the ICAM1 gene and the risk of diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:293. [PMID: 30587209 PMCID: PMC6307272 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation may be a key pathophysiological mechanism in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) is an acute phase marker of inflammation. ICAM1 rs5498 has been reported to be associated with the risk of DN. However, the previous findings were conflicting due to the limited sample sizes, different methodologies and ethnicities. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genetic association between ICAM1 rs5498 and the risk of DN. METHODS Two investigators independently searched the studies from the databases PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Embase. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the associations. RESULTS No significant association was detected between ICAM1 rs5498 and DN susceptibility in allelic and recessive models (p > 0.05). However, significant reduction of frequencies of the dominant model of ICAM1 rs5498 was only detected in the Caucasian subgroup (OR = 0.80; 95% CI = [0.65, 0.99], p = 0.04) and type 1 diabetes mellitus subgroup (OR = 0.80; 95% CI = [0.65, 0.99], p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Thus, ICAM1 rs5498 might be a risk factor for DN in Caucasians and type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, which suggested that ICAM1 rs5498 might help in early diagnosis and prevention of this disease. Further studies were needed to clarify the biochemical function and pathological role of ICAM1 rs5498 in the risk of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000 Guangdong China
| | - Dongling He
- Department of Nephrology, The Eight Affiliated Hospital, SUNYAT-SEN University, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 518033 China
| | - Ling Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1333, New Lake Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518000 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1333, New Lake Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518000 Guangdong China
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12
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Zhang J, Liu J, Qin X. Advances in early biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 64:85-92. [PMID: 29561946 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.01.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of chronic kidney disease, and represents the most common and serious complication of diabetes. The exact pathogenesis is complex and not elucidated. Several factors and mechanisms contribute to the development and outcome of diabetic nephropathy. An early diagnosis and intervention may slow down disease progression. A variety of biological markers associated with diabetic nephropathy were found in recent years, which was important for predicting the occurrence and development of the disease. Therefore, this article provides an overview of early biomarkers that are associated with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Masters Student, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- MD, PhD. Associate Professor of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- MD, PhD. Professor of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Zou Y, Chen Z, Li J, Gong W, Zhang L, Xu F, Chen L, Liu P, Huang H. Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor 3 Upregulates Fibronectin and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Glomerular Mesangial Cells via Activating NF-κB Signaling Pathway Under High Glucose Conditions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:275. [PMID: 29930535 PMCID: PMC5999916 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progestin and adipoQ receptor 3 (PAQR3), is a Golgi-anchored membrane protein containing seven transmembrane helices. It has been demonstrated that PAQR3 mediates insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation. In addition, kidney inflammatory fibrosis is an important pathological feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of PAQR3 in diabetic kidney fibrosis as well as inflammation in DN. OBJECT The effect of PAQR3 on NF-κB signaling pathway, expressions of fibronectin (FN) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) cultured by high glucose (HG) were examined. METHOD Diabetic mouse and rat models were induced by streptozotocin (STZ). GMCs were treated with HG and transfected with PAQR3 plasmids or small-interfering RNA targeting PAQR3 or NF-κB. The protein levels of FN and ICAM-1 were examined by Western blotting, and the transcriptional activity and DNA binding activity of NF-κB were measured by dual luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The interaction between PAQR3 and IKKβ (inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase β) was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS PAQR3 was increased in both STZ-induced diabetic models and HG-treated GMCs. PAQR3 overexpression further increased HG-induced FN and ICAM-1 upregulation. In contrast, silencing of PAQR3 suppressed the expressions of FN and ICAM-1. PAQR3 overexpression promoted the nuclear accumulation, DNA binding activity, and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Mechanically, PAQR3 directly interacted with IKKβ. The upregulation effect of PAQR3 overexpression on the expressions of FN and ICAM-1 was abolished by the treatment of NF-κB siRNA or PDTC (ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate) in HG-treated GMCs. CONCLUSION PAQR3 promotes the expressions of FN and ICAM-1 via activating NF-κB signaling pathway. Mechanistically, PAQR3 activates NF-κB signaling pathway to mediate kidney inflammatory fibrosis through direct interaction with IKKβ in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezi Zou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Gong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Futian Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihao Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Heqing Huang,
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Nonaka K, Kajiura Y, Bando M, Sakamoto E, Inagaki Y, Lew JH, Naruishi K, Ikuta T, Yoshida K, Kobayashi T, Yoshie H, Nagata T, Kido J. Advanced glycation end-products increase IL-6 and ICAM-1 expression via RAGE, MAPK and NF-κB pathways in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:334-344. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Nonaka
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - Y. Kajiura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - M. Bando
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - E. Sakamoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - Y. Inagaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - J. H. Lew
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - K. Naruishi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - T. Ikuta
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - K. Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Education; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - T. Kobayashi
- General Dentistry and Clinical Education Unit; Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital; Niigata Japan
- Division of Periodontology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - H. Yoshie
- Division of Periodontology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - T. Nagata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - J. Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
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15
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Zhang RZ, Yu SJ, Bai H, Ning K. TCM-Mesh: The database and analytical system for network pharmacology analysis for TCM preparations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2821. [PMID: 28588237 PMCID: PMC5460194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advancement of systems biology research, we have already seen great progress in pharmacology studies, especially in network pharmacology. Network pharmacology has been proven to be effective for establishing the "compounds-proteins/genes-diseases" network, and revealing the regulation principles of small molecules in a high-throughput manner, thus would be very effective for the analysis of drug combinations, especially for TCM preparations. In this work, we have proposed the TCM-Mesh system, which records TCM-related information collected from various resources and could serve for network pharmacology analysis for TCM preparations in a high-throughput manner (http://mesh.tcm.microbioinformatics.org/). Currently, the database contains 6,235 herbs, 383,840 compounds, 14,298 genes, 6,204 diseases, 144,723 gene-disease associations, 3,440,231 pairs of gene interactions, 163,221 side effect records and 71 toxic records, and web-based software construct a network between herbs and treated diseases, which will help to understand the underlying mechanisms for TCM preparations at molecular levels. We have used 1,293 FDA-approved drugs, as well as compounds from an herbal material Panax ginseng and a patented drug Liuwei Dihuang Wan (LDW) for evaluating our database. By comparison of different databases, as well as checking against literature, we have demonstrated the completeness, effectiveness, and accuracy of our database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Shao-Jun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Hong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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Gong W, Li J, Chen Z, Huang J, Chen Q, Cai W, Liu P, Huang H. Polydatin promotes Nrf2-ARE anti-oxidative pathway through activating CKIP-1 to resist HG-induced up-regulation of FN and ICAM-1 in GMCs and diabetic mice kidneys. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:393-405. [PMID: 28286065 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that Casein kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) could promote the activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, playing a significant role in inhibiting the fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Polydatin (PD) has been shown to possess strong resistance effects on renal fibrosis which is closely related to activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway, too. Whereas, whether PD could resist DN through regulating CKIP-1 and consequently promoting the activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway needs further investigation. Here, we found that PD significantly reversed the down-regulation of CKIP-1 and attenuated fibronectin (FN) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) exposed to high glucose (HG). Moreover, PD could decrease Keap1 expression and promote the nuclear content, ARE-binding ability, and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. The activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway by PD eventually led to the quenching of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide overproduction boosted by HG. Depletion of CKIP-1 blocked the Nrf2-ARE pathway activation and reversed FN and ICAM-1 down-regulation induced by PD in GMCs challenged with HG. PD increased CKIP-1 and Nrf2 levels in the kidney tissues as well as improved the anti-oxidative effect and renal dysfunction of diabetic mice, which eventually reversed the up-regulation of FN and ICAM-1. Experiments above suggested that PD could increase the CKIP-1-Nrf2-ARE pathway activation to prevent the OSS-induced insult in GMCs and diabetic mice which effectively postpone the diabetic renal fibrosis and the up-regulation of CKIP-1 is probably a novel mechanism in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Gong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junying Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weibin Cai
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Gong W, Chen C, Xiong F, Yang Z, Wang Y, Huang J, Liu P, Huang H. CKIP-1 ameliorates high glucose-induced expression of fibronectin and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway in glomerular mesangial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 116:140-52. [PMID: 27481061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders as well as oxidative stress (OSS) play important roles in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunctions are the basic pathological changes of chronic microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, such as DN. OSS can lead to the accumulation of extracellular matrix and inflammatory factors which will accelerate the progress of DN. Casein kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) mediates adipogenesis, cell proliferation and inflammation under many circumstances. However, whether CKIP-1 is involved in the development of DN remains unknown. Here, we show that CKIP-1 is a novel regulator of resisting the development of DN and the underlying molecular mechanism is related to activating the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) antioxidative stress pathway. The following findings were obtained: (1) The treatment of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) with high glucose (HG) decreased CKIP-1 levels in a time-dependent manner; (2) CKIP-1 overexpression dramatically reduced fibronectin (FN) and intercellular adhesionmolecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Depletion of CKIP-1 further induced the production of FN and ICAM-1; (3) CKIP-1 promoted the nuclear accumulation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. Moreover, CKIP-1 upregulated the expression of Nrf2 downstream genes, heme oxygenase (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1); and ultimately decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The molecular mechanisms clarify that the advantageous effect of CKIP-1 on DN are well connected with the activation of the Nrf2/ARE antioxidative stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Gong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fengxiao Xiong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiying Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junying Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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