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Cai D, Hou B, Xie SL. Amino acid analysis as a method of discovering biomarkers for diagnosis of diabetes and its complications. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03255-8. [PMID: 37067568 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a severe chronic diseases with a global prevalence of 9%, leading to poor health and high health care costs, and is a direct cause of millions of deaths each year. The rising epidemic of diabetes and its complications, such as retinal and peripheral nerve disease, is a huge burden globally. A better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications can facilitate individualized prevention and treatment. High diabetes mellitus incidence rate is caused mainly by lack of non-invasive and reliable methods for early diagnosis, such as plasma biomarkers. The incidence of diabetes and its complications in the world still grows so it is crucial to develop a new, faster, high specificity and more sensitive diagnostic technologies. With the advancement of analytical techniques, metabolomics can identify and quantify multiple biomarkers simultaneously in a high-throughput manner, and effective biomarkers can greatly improve the efficiency of diabetes and its complications. By providing information on potential metabolic pathways, metabolomics can further define the mechanisms underlying the progression of diabetes and its complications, help identify potential therapeutic targets, and improve the prevention and management of T2D and its complications. The application of amino acid metabolomics in epidemiological studies has identified new biomarkers of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications, such as branched-chain amino acids, phenylalanine and arginine metabolites. This study focused on the analysis of metabolic amino acid profiling as a method for identifying biomarkers for the detection and screening of diabetes and its complications. The results presented are all from recent studies, and in all cases analyzed, there were significant changes in the amino acid profile of patients in the experimental group compared to the control group. This study demonstrates the potential of amino acid profiles as a detection method for diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cai
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Biao Hou
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Song Lin Xie
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Saxena S, Singh M, Chaubey A, Mohan A, De S, Kaur A, Gilhotra JS, Meyer CH, Akduman L. Anti-Vegf therapy leads to an improvement in grade of retinal pigment epithelium alterations on single layer retinal pigment epithelium map in diabetic macular edema. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 33:1412-1417. [PMID: 36575598 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221146581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In bovine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a positive linear association with proliferation of RPE. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) based improvement in grades of topographic retinal pigment epithelium alterations (RPE-A), were evaluated after intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy, in diabetic macular edema (DME), for the first time. METHODS A tertiary care center-based, prospective study. Forty-four consecutive patients, 40-65 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with DME, were administered three doses of anti-VEGF therapy at monthly intervals. Pre- and post-intervention SD-OCT was done and central sub field thickness (CST), cube average thickness (CAT) and topographic grades of RPE-A were assessed using single layer RPE map (SL-RPE) as; Grade 0: No alterations, Grade 1: Alteration in two quadrants, Grade 2: Alteration in more than two quadrants. RESULTS CST decreased from 354.2 ± 16.0 µm pre-intervention to 233.2 ± 7.9 µm post-intervention. CAT reduced from 340.6 ± 6.5 µm pre-intervention to 274.1 ± 5.1 µm post-intervention. Significant improvement in grades of RPE-A pre- v/s post-intervention were observed. (Grade 0: 0 v/s 39; Grade 1: 17 v/s 3; Grade 2: 27 v/s 2) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Anti-VEGF therapy is associated with an improvement in grades of RPE-A in DME.The study was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2019/03/018135).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Saxena
- Department of Ophthalmology, 76140King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Malvika Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, 76140King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Anupriya Chaubey
- Department of Ophthalmology, 76140King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Akshay Mohan
- Department of Ophthalmology, 76140King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Somnath De
- Department of Ophthalmology, 76140King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Apjit Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, 76140King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Levent Akduman
- Vitreoretinal and Uveitis Service, Department of Ophthalmology, 12274St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Mishra N, Kaur G, Saxena S. External Limiting Membrane, Photoreceptor Ellipsoid Zone Disruption, and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Alterations in Diabetic Retinopathy. ANNALS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (INDIA) 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication of diabetes, is a leading cause of preventable blindness. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) provides cross-sectional and topographical imaging of the retina. SD-OCT resolves outer retinal layers into three hyperreflective bands—external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoid zone (EZ), and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In this article, we have studied the role of these outer retinal layers in structural and molecular changes taking place in DR.
Materials and Methods Articles with clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of DR were thoroughly studied. Articles were searched on PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library from 2000 to 2020. Studies focusing on the role of ELM, EZ, and RPE in pathogenesis of DR based on SD-OCT were included.
Results The long-standing hyperglycemia leads to protein glycosylation resulting in formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs have an impact through their effect on retinal microvasculature, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule-1, nitrosative and oxidative stress, and vitamin D and calcium metabolism. All these factors have been linked with disruption of outer retinal layers. AGEs lead to vascular endothelial dysfunction and release of proangiogenic factors by increasing the expression of VEGF in retinal pericytes and RPE cells. This leads to leakage and fluid accumulation resulting in diabetic macular edema (DME). In DME, there is sequential disruption of ELM and EZ and decrease in visual acuity (VA). The RPE alterations have been reported to be associated with the severity of DR and decrease in VA. Anti-VEGF therapy, most common treatment of DME, leads to restoration of barrier effect of ELM, it was found to be restored first followed by EZ restoration. Newer anti-AGEs agents and their receptor blockers are being developed which have a positive effect on maintaining the health of RPE.
Conclusion A complex molecular association exists between the structural changes in ELM, EZ, and RPE in DR. SD-OCT is an indispensable tool to study these changes as integrity of these outer layers of retina is essential for maintaining visual function of retina in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibha Mishra
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gurkiran Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Saxena
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Golchinfar Z, Farshi P, Mahmoudzadeh M, Mohammadi M, Tabibiazar M, Smith JS. Last Five Years Development In Food Safety Perception of n-Carboxymethyl Lysine. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2011909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Golchinfar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parastou Farshi
- Institute of Food Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Tabibiazar
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - J. Scott Smith
- Institute of Food Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Sheu WHH, Lin KH, Wang JS, Lai DW, Lee WJ, Lin FY, Chen PH, Chen CH, Yeh HY, Wu SM, Shen CC, Lee MR, Liu SH, Sheu ML. Therapeutic Potential of Tpl2 (Tumor Progression Locus 2) Inhibition on Diabetic Vasculopathy Through the Blockage of the Inflammasome Complex. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e46-e62. [PMID: 33176446 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic retinopathy, one of retinal vasculopathy, is characterized by retinal inflammation, vascular leakage, blood-retinal barrier breakdown, and neovascularization. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to diabetic retinopathy progression remain unclear. Approach and Results: Tpl2 (tumor progression locus 2) is a protein kinase implicated in inflammation and pathological vascular angiogenesis. Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and inflammatory cytokines levels in human sera and in several diabetic murine models were detected by ELISA, whereas liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was used for whole eye tissues. The CML and p-Tpl2 expressions on the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells were determined by immunofluorescence. Intravitreal injection of pharmacological inhibitor or NA (neutralizing antibody) was used in a diabetic rat model. Retinal leukostasis, optical coherence tomography, and H&E staining were used to observe pathological features. Sera of diabetic retinopathy patients had significantly increased CML levels that positively correlated with diabetic retinopathy severity and foveal thickness. CML and p-Tpl2 expressions also significantly increased in the RPE of both T1DM and T2DM diabetes animal models. Mechanistic studies on RPE revealed that CML-induced Tpl2 activation and NADPH oxidase, and inflammasome complex activation were all effectively attenuated by Tpl2 inhibition. Tpl2 inhibition by NA also effectively reduced inflammatory/angiogenic factors, retinal leukostasis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and RPE secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The attenuated release of angiogenic factors led to inhibited vascular abnormalities in the diabetic animal model. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of Tpl2 can block the inflammasome signaling pathway in RPE and has potential clinical and therapeutic implications in diabetes-associated retinal microvascular dysfunction.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Databases, Factual
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/enzymology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/enzymology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/prevention & control
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammasomes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Inflammasomes/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Pregnancy
- Prospective Studies
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Retinal Neovascularization/enzymology
- Retinal Neovascularization/etiology
- Retinal Neovascularization/pathology
- Retinal Neovascularization/prevention & control
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium/drug effects
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium/enzymology
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W.), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W., D.-W.L., S.-M.W., M.-L.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Hung Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology (K.-H.L.), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W.), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W., D.-W.L., S.-M.W., M.-L.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - De-Wei Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W., D.-W.L., S.-M.W., M.-L.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research (W.-J.L., M.-L.S.), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Yu Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chiayi Branch Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan (F.-Y.L.)
| | | | - Cheng-Hsu Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-H.C.), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Yeh
- Department of Nutrition and Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan (H.-Y.Y.)
| | - Sheng-Mao Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W., D.-W.L., S.-M.W., M.-L.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Shen
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C.-C.S.)
| | - Maw-Rong Lee
- Department of Chemistry (M.-R.L.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (S.-H.L.)
| | - Meei-Ling Sheu
- Department of Medical Research (W.-J.L., M.-L.S.), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (W.H.-H.S., J.-S.W., D.-W.L., S.-M.W., M.-L.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine (M.-L.S.), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Donato L, Scimone C, Alibrandi S, Rinaldi C, Sidoti A, D’Angelo R. Transcriptome Analyses of lncRNAs in A2E-Stressed Retinal Epithelial Cells Unveil Advanced Links between Metabolic Impairments Related to Oxidative Stress and Retinitis Pigmentosa. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E318. [PMID: 32326576 PMCID: PMC7222347 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are untranslated transcripts which regulate many biological processes. Changes in lncRNA expression pattern are well-known related to various human disorders, such as ocular diseases. Among them, retinitis pigmentosa, one of the most heterogeneous inherited disorder, is strictly related to oxidative stress. However, little is known about regulative aspects able to link oxidative stress to etiopathogenesis of retinitis. Thus, we realized a total RNA-Seq experiment, analyzing human retinal pigment epithelium cells treated by the oxidant agent N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E), considering three independent experimental groups (untreated control cells, cells treated for 3 h and cells treated for 6 h). Differentially expressed lncRNAs were filtered out, explored with specific tools and databases, and finally subjected to pathway analysis. We detected 3,3'-overlapping ncRNAs, 107 antisense, 24 sense-intronic, four sense-overlapping and 227 lincRNAs very differentially expressed throughout all considered time points. Analyzed lncRNAs could be involved in several biochemical pathways related to compromised response to oxidative stress, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism impairment, melanin biosynthetic process alteration, deficiency in cellular response to amino acid starvation, unbalanced regulation of cofactor metabolic process, all leading to retinal cell death. The explored lncRNAs could play a relevant role in retinitis pigmentosa etiopathogenesis, and seem to be the ideal candidate for novel molecular markers and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Avant-Garde Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Avant-Garde Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Avant-Garde Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia D’Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Avant-Garde Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., 90139 Palermo, Italy
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