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Qin Q, Su J, Liu J, Chen R, Wei W, Yuan Z, Lai S, Duan R, Lai J, Ye L, Liang H, Jiang J. Global, regional, and national burden of fungal skin diseases in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021: An analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021. Mycoses 2024; 67:e13787. [PMID: 39138504 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal skin diseases are common skin diseases with a heterogeneous distribution worldwide. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyse the spatiotemporal trends in the burden of fungal skin diseases at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021. METHODS Based on the data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, we described the incident cases, prevalent cases, number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and corresponding age-standardised rates (ASRs) for fungal skin diseases in 1990 and 2021 by sex, age, socio-demographic index (SDI), 21 GBD regions, and 204 countries and territories. We used Joinpoint regression analysis to assess the temporal trends in burden of fungal skin diseases during 1990 to 2021. Spearman's rank test was used to analyse the relationship between disease burden and potential factors. RESULTS From 1990 to 2021, the incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs for fungal skin diseases worldwide increased by 67.93%, 67.73%, and 66.77%, respectively. Globally, the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardised prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardised DALYs rate (ASDR) for fungal skin diseases in 2021 were 21668.40 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 19601.19-23729.17), 7789.55 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 7059.28-8583.54), and 43.39 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 17.79-89.10), respectively. Between 1990 and 2021, the ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR for fungal skin diseases have modestly increased, with AAPC of 11.71% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.03%-12.39%), 19.24% (95% CI: 18.12%-20.36%), and 20.25% (95% CI: 19.33%-21.18%), respectively. Males experienced a higher burden of fungal skin diseases than females. The incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs for fungal skin diseases were highest at the age of 5-9, while the ASRs were highest among the elderly. At national level, the highest ASRs were observed in Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Mali. Overall, SDI was negatively correlated with the ASRs, whereas Global Land-Ocean Temperature Index (GLOTI) was remarkably positively correlated with the burden of fungal skin diseases. CONCLUSIONS Between 1990 and 2021, the global burden of fungal skin diseases has increased, causing a high disease burden worldwide, particularly in underdeveloped regions and among vulnerable population such as children and the elderly. With global warming and aging of the population, the burden of fungal skin diseases may continue to increase in the future. Targeted and specific measures should be taken to address these disparities and the ongoing burden of fungal skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinming Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongfeng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wudi Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zongxiang Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shiyi Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingzhen Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Lv M, Zheng B. Global burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases and its association with socioeconomic status in children and adolescents: an analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:457. [PMID: 38967834 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Skin and subcutaneous diseases are one of the most common problems affecting the health of children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases among children and adolescents and its association with socioeconomic status. Data was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The number of cases, incidence rate, number of deaths, and death rate in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019 were extracted and stratified by age, sex, and socioeconomic status. In 2019, the global incidence and death rates of skin and subcutaneous diseases in children and adolescents were 57966.98 (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI] 53776.15 to 62521.24) per 100,000 and 0.21 (95% UI 0.13 to 0.26) per 100,000, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the global incidence rate increased by 5.80% (95% UI 4.82-6.72%) and the death rate decreased by 43.68% (95% UI 23.04-65.27%). The incidence and death rates were negatively correlated with socioeconomic status. Incidence rates were not different between females and males, but death rates were higher among females than males. The highest incidence and death rates were found in the 1-4-year age group and < 1-year age group, respectively. The global burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases in children and adolescents was characterized by regional imbalances. The global burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases in children and adolescents from poorer regions requires more attention. This study provides strong evidence for global policymaking for childhood and adolescent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, #29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, #29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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Barker C, Alshaikh H, Elston D. Dermatology practice updates in mycobacterial disease. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:714-725. [PMID: 38095207 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Atypical mycobacterial infections are commonly acquired through exposure to water, and tuberculosis remains highly endemic in many parts of the world. In this era of global connection, travel, and immigration, it is more important than ever to maintain a high index of suspicion for infection from cutaneous tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria. Epidemics related to surgical procedures have been related to inadequate sterilization, as almost 50% of public water supplies harbor mycobacteria. Improved diagnostic techniques for these microbes, including Auramine-Rhodamine staining and rapid detection of mycobacteria and drug susceptibilities through PCR and MALDI-TOF, have improved detection and treatment outcomes. Given an increasing number of patients on immunosuppressive therapies, clinicians must remain vigilant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Barker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hesham Alshaikh
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department Mohs Micrographic and Dermatologic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dirk Elston
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Yakupu A, Aimaier R, Yuan B, Chen B, Cheng J, Zhao Y, Peng Y, Dong J, Lu S. The burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1145513. [PMID: 37139398 PMCID: PMC10149786 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1145513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The small number of existing integrative studies on the global distribution and burden of all types of skin and subcutaneous diseases hinders relevant comparisons. Objective This study aimed to determine the latest distribution, epidemiological differences, and factors potentially influencing each skin and subcutaneous disease and the policy implications. Methods Data on the skin and subcutaneous diseases were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths due to skin and subcutaneous diseases in 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed and stratified by sex, age, geographical location, and sociodemographic index (SDI). The annual age-standardized rate of change in the incidence was obtained to evaluate temporal trends. Results Of 4,859,267,654 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 4,680,693,440-5,060,498,767) new skin and subcutaneous disease cases that were identified, most were fungal (34.0%) and bacterial (23.0%) skin diseases, which accounted for 98,522 (95% UI 75,116-123,949) deaths. The burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases measured in DALYs was 42,883,695.48 (95%UI, 28,626,691.71-63,438,210.22) in 2019, 5.26% of which were years of life lost, and 94.74% of which were years lived with disability. The highest number of new cases and deaths from skin and subcutaneous diseases was in South Asia. Globally, most new cases were in the 0-4-year age group, with skin and subcutaneous disease incidence slightly higher in men than in women. Conclusion Fungal infections are major contributors to skin and subcutaneous diseases worldwide. Low-middle SDI states had the highest burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases, and this burden has increased globally. Targeted and effective management strategies based on the distribution characteristics of each country are, thus, required to reduce the burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobuliaximu Yakupu
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rehanguli Aimaier
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yaohua Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Yinbo Peng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyun Dong
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaoyun Dong
| | - Shuliang Lu
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuliang Lu
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Lee WTJ, Lee CC, Wu CK, Lin CH, Lo TY, Huang CC, Kahler SL, Thong HY. Epidemiology of dermatologic disease in Palau: a cross-sectional study in the national public and community health service. Int J Dermatol 2022; 61:833-840. [PMID: 35090042 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatologic disease is a neglected public health challenge that disproportionately affects resource-poor settings. Globally, the dermatologic disease contributes the fourth highest burden of nonfatal disability with the most acute impact in the Oceanic region, including the Republic of Palau. Efforts to address the dermatologic health inequality are hindered without the necessary epidemiologic evidence to guide health policy in the resource-poor setting of Palau. METHODS We conducted a 4-year cross-sectional study of all Dermatology Service patients in the Belau National Hospital and outreach community health centers from 2015 to 2018. No other specialized dermatology service was available. Skin disease was both classified by diagnosis and Global Burden of Disease criteria and analyzed by age, gender, region, and surrounding Oceanic nations. RESULTS The study enrolled 494 patients comprising 179 males and 315 females between 2015 and 2018. The most prevalent diseases were eczema (48.8%), superficial fungal infection (24.5%), and pruritus (22.7%). The neglected tropical disease of scabies was detected in four patients. Males were significantly more likely to present with cellulitis, keratinocyte carcinoma, stasis dermatitis, wounds, marine-related dermatitis, viral skin disease, tinea faciei, verruca, and xerosis and females with melasma and hyperpigmentation. CONCLUSION This study presents the first primary epidemiologic data describing the prevalence of dermatologic disease in the Palauan adult population. The significant burden of disease in Palau compared with other Oceanic nations validates ongoing dermatology services and informs public health implications for resource allocation and disease management to achieve health equality in the resource-poor nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting J Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Chien-Chang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Intelligent Healthcare, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kuan Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hwa Lin
- International Health Care Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yu Lo
- International Health Care Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sam L Kahler
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Haw-Yueh Thong
- Department of Dermatology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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