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Nayak VV, Sanjairaj V, Behera RK, Smay JE, Gupta N, Coelho PG, Witek L. Direct inkjet writing of polylactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate composites for bone tissue regeneration: A proof-of-concept study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35402. [PMID: 38520704 PMCID: PMC11003728 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
There is an ever-evolving need of customized, anatomic-specific grafting materials for bone regeneration. More specifically, biocompatible and osteoconductive materials, that may be configured dynamically to fit and fill defects, through the application of an external stimulus. The objective of this study was to establish a basis for the development of direct inkjet writing (DIW)-based shape memory polymer-ceramic composites for bone tissue regeneration applications and to establish material behavior under thermomechanical loading. Polymer-ceramic (polylactic acid [PLA]/β-tricalcium phosphate [β-TCP]) colloidal gels were prepared of different w/w ratios (90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50) through polymer dissolution in acetone (15% w/v). Cytocompatibility was analyzed through Presto Blue assays. Rheological properties of the colloidal gels were measured to determine shear-thinning capabilities. Gels were then extruded through a custom-built DIW printer. Space filling constructs of the gels were printed and subjected to thermomechanical characterization to measure shape fixity (Rf) and shape recovery (Rr) ratios through five successive shape memory cycles. The polymer-ceramic composite gels exhibited shear-thinning capabilities for extrusion through a nozzle for DIW. A significant increase in cellular viability was observed with the addition of β-TCP particles within the polymer matrix relative to pure PLA. Shape memory effect in the printed constructs was repeatable up to 4 cycles followed by permanent deformation. While further research on scaffold macro-/micro-geometries, and engineered porosities are warranted, this proof-of-concept study suggested suitability of this polymer-ceramic material and the DIW 3D printing workflow for the production of customized, patient specific constructs for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar Behera
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - James E. Smay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK 74106, USA
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10017, USA
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Wang Y, Liu C, Song T, Cao Z, Wang T. 3D printed polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate/carbon nanotube composite - Physical properties and biocompatibility. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26071. [PMID: 38468962 PMCID: PMC10925999 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a bio-fabrication technique used to process tissue-engineered scaffolds for bone repair and remodeling. Polycaprolactone (PCL)/β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has been used as a base and osteoconductive biomaterial for bone tissue engineering in the past decades. The current study reveals the fabrication of a polycaprolactone (PCL)/β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffold by incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNT) via 3D printing. The physical properties and cytocompatibility of a new type of tissue engineering composite from polycaprolactone/β-tri-calcium phosphate/carbon nanotubes were investigated, and it was an absorbable scaffold prepared via furnace deposition 3D printing technology. The scaffold was designed with CAD software, and the composite material was fabricated via 3D printing. The printed composite material was tested for mechanical strength, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, porosity calculation, systemic toxicity test, hemolysis rate determination, and effect on the proliferation of rat adipose-derived stem cells cultured in vitro. A composite scaffold with a length of 15 mm, width of 10 mm, and height of 5 mm was manufactured through CAD software drawing and 3D printing technology. Scanning electron microscopy measurements and analysis of the internal pore size of the stent are appropriate; the pores are interconnected, and the mechanical strength matches the strength of human cancellous bone. The calculated porosity of the stent was >60%, non-toxic, and non-hemolytic. The proliferation activity of the ADSC co-cultured with different scaffold materials was as follows: polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate/0.2% carbon nanotube scaffolds > polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate/0.1% carbon nanotube scaffolds > polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate/0.3% carbon nanotube scaffolds > polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds (P < 0.05). The results showed that polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate/0.2% carbon nanotube scaffolds promoted the adhesion and proliferation of ADSC. The combination of 3D printing technology and CAD software can be used to print personalized composite stents, which have the characteristics of repeatability, high precision, and low cost. Through 3D printing technology, combining a variety of materials with each other can provide the greatest advantages of materials. The waste of resources was avoided. The prepared polycaprolactone/β-tri-calcium phosphate/0.2% carbon nanotube scaffold has a good pore structure and mechanical properties that mimic human cancellous bone, is non-toxic and non-hemolytic, and is effective in promoting ADSC proliferation in vitro. Given this correspondence, 3D printed scaffold shows good biocompatibility and strength, and the fabrication method provides a proof of concept for developing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelei Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266005, China
| | - Chenjing Liu
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong, 264008, China
| | - Tao Song
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Zhenlu Cao
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266005, China
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Ftiti S, Cifuentes SC, Guidara A, Rams J, Tounsi H, Fernández-Blázquez JP. The Structural, Thermal and Morphological Characterization of Polylactic Acid/Β-Tricalcium Phosphate (PLA/Β-TCP) Composites upon Immersion in SBF: A Comprehensive Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:719. [PMID: 38475402 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biocomposite films based on PLA reinforced with different β-TCP contents (10%, 20%, and 25%wt.) were fabricated via solvent casting and immersed in SBF for 7, 14, and 21 days. The bioactivity, morphological, and thermal behavior of composites with immersion were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis, weight loss (WL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). This broad analysis leads to a deeper understanding of the evolution of the polymer-filler interaction with the degradation of the biocomposites. The results showed that β-TCP gradually evolved into carbonated hydroxyapatite as the immersion time increased. This evolution affected the interaction of β-TCP with PLA. PLA and β-TCP interactions differed from PLA and carbonated hydroxyapatite interactions. It was observed that β-TCP inhibited PLA hydrolysis but accelerated the thermal degradation of the polymer. β-TCP retarded the cold crystallization of PLA and hindered its crystallinity. However, after immersion in SBF, particles accelerated the cold crystallization of PLA. Therefore, considering the evolution of β-TCP with immersion in SBF is crucial for an accurate analysis of the biocomposites' degradation. These findings enhance the comprehension of the degradation mechanism in PLA/β-TCP, which is valuable for predicting the degradation performance of PLA/β-TCP in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Ftiti
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials (LR01ES26), National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Sandra C Cifuentes
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Awatef Guidara
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials (LR01ES26), National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Joaquín Rams
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Hassib Tounsi
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials (LR01ES26), National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
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Kwon Y, Hossain M, Lee M, Jeong JH. Development of a novel PLDLA/β-TCP composite-based biodegradable anterior cervical plate and screw system. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35323. [PMID: 37668117 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effectiveness and safety of a new composite-based biodegradable anterior cervical plate/screw (ACPS) system for the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) fixation. A biocomposite in combination with 30 wt% β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP; a biodegradable ceramic having osteoconductive ability) and 70 wt% poly-l/d-lactide copolymer (PLDLA; a biodegradable polymer) was developed and used in the ACPS device, comprising one plate and four screws for fixation. Based on a literature review, a clinically required period of performance maintenance was set as 16 weeks, and to verify the performance for a period of 16 weeks or more, the test was conducted for 26 weeks. Following ISO 13781:2017 testing protocols, an in vitro degradation test was performed to verify the performance and evaluate the decomposition characteristics of the biodegradable ACPS system. Using an animal model as a preclinical investigation, the prepared ACPS device was implanted into five mongrel dogs weighing over 30 kg to evaluate the detachment prevention effect of the ACPS system on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) cage after ACDF. By week 26, the molecular weight was decreased by 45.35% for the plate and 52.56% for the screw; the bending strength of the plate was decreased by approximately 26.2% when compared with the initial stage. The torsional yield strength and pullout strength of the screw was increased by 52.31% and 5.3%, respectively by week 2 and then subsequently decreased until week 26. No detachment or dislocation of the inserted PEEK cage was observed for 26 weeks in vivo study. These findings recommend that the ACPS system might be a promising biodegradable tool for the fixation of interbody implants and supporting the fusion in an ACDF model. Furthermore, additional clinical trials are planned for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mosharraf Hossain
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Lee
- OSTEONIC Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hoon Jeong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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Teymori M, Karimi E, Saburi E. Evaluation of osteoconductive effect of polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold treated with Aloe vera on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2023; 12:83-91. [PMID: 38021455 PMCID: PMC10658133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) hold promise for bone tissue engineering because of their ability to differentiate into a variety of cell lineages. In tissue engineering, composite scaffolds made of natural and synthetic polymers have also attracted interest. Modification of scaffolds with various substances, including Aloe Vera, is expected to play a useful role in the repair of damaged tissues, including bone. METHOD ADSCs were isolated and seeded in three groups on an Aloe Vera-modified PCL scaffold: 1. Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold group, 2. PCL/Aloe Vera scaffold group, and 3. TCPS (Tissue Culture Polystyrene) group. Subsequently, staining with Oil red and Alizarin Red was performed to assess the ability of ADSCs to differentiate into fat and bone cells. Cell viability was determined by the resazurin assay on days 1, 3, and 5. Calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) were determined with kits on days 7, 14, and 21. RNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized. Finally, the expression of marker genes for bone differentiation like osteogenic markers such as Osteonectin (ON), Osteocalcin (OC), RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2), Collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1) was evaluated by real-time PCR. RESULTS Aloe vera-treated PCL scaffolds showed improved biocompatibility compared with untreated scaffolds (P<0.05). In addition, treated scaffolds promoted osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs, as evidenced by increased expression of osteogenic markers such ON, OC, RUNX2, COL1 compared with PCL scaffold and TCPS (P<0.05). Furthermore, ALP and calcium content assay confirmed improved mineral deposition on PCL scaffolds treated with Aloe vera, indicating enhanced osteoconductivity (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that a PCL scaffold mixed with Aloe Vera gel has promising osteoconductive potential, which can be used as a natural polymer for tissue engineering of bone and promote bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Teymori
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityMashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Karimi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityMashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad, Iran
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Lin S, Maekawa H, Moeinzadeh S, Lui E, Alizadeh HV, Li J, Kim S, Poland M, Gadomski BC, Easley JT, Young J, Gardner M, Mohler D, Maloney WJ, Yang YP. An osteoinductive and biodegradable intramedullary implant accelerates bone healing and mitigates complications of bone transport in male rats. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4455. [PMID: 37488113 PMCID: PMC10366099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone transport is a surgery-driven procedure for the treatment of large bone defects. However, challenging complications include prolonged consolidation, docking site nonunion and pin tract infection. Here, we develop an osteoinductive and biodegradable intramedullary implant by a hybrid tissue engineering construct technique to enable sustained delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 as an adjunctive therapy. In a male rat bone transport model, the eluting bone morphogenetic protein-2 from the implants accelerates bone formation and remodeling, leading to early bony fusion as shown by imaging, mechanical testing, histological analysis, and microarray assays. Moreover, no pin tract infection but tight osseointegration are observed. In contrast, conventional treatments show higher proportion of docking site nonunion and pin tract infection. The findings of this study demonstrate that the novel intramedullary implant holds great promise for advancing bone transport techniques by promoting bone regeneration and reducing complications in the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hirotsugu Maekawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Elaine Lui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hossein Vahid Alizadeh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sungwoo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael Poland
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Benjamin C Gadomski
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jeremiah T Easley
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jeffrey Young
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael Gardner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - David Mohler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - William J Maloney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Busuioc C, Alecu AE, Costea CC, Beregoi M, Bacalum M, Raileanu M, Jinga SI, Deleanu IM. Composite Fibers Based on Polycaprolactone and Calcium Magnesium Silicate Powders for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4611. [PMID: 36365605 PMCID: PMC9656997 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work reports the synthesis and characterization of polycaprolactone fibers loaded with particulate calcium magnesium silicates, to form composite materials with bioresorbable and bioactive properties. The inorganic powders were achieved through a sol-gel method, starting from the compositions of diopside, akermanite, and merwinite, three mineral phases with suitable features for the field of hard tissue engineering. The fibrous composites were fabricated by electrospinning polymeric solutions with a content of 16% polycaprolactone and 5 or 10% inorganic powder. The physico-chemical evaluation from compositional and morphological points of view was followed by the biological assessment of powder bioactivity and scaffold biocompatibility. SEM investigation highlighted a significant reduction in fiber diameter, from around 3 μm to less than 100 nm after the loading stage, while EDX and FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of embedded mineral entities. The silicate phases were found be highly bioactive after 4 weeks of immersion in SBF, enriching the potential of the polymeric host that provides only biocompatibility and bioresorbability. Moreover, the cellular tests indicated a slight decrease in cell viability over the short-term, a compromise that can be accepted if the overall benefits of such multifunctional composites are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Busuioc
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrada-Elena Alecu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudiu-Constantin Costea
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Beregoi
- National Institute of Materials Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihaela Bacalum
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Mina Raileanu
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Sorin-Ion Jinga
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana-Mihaela Deleanu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
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Samy M, Abdallah HM, Awad HM, Ayoub MMH. In vitro release and cytotoxicity activity of 5-fluorouracil entrapped polycaprolactone nanoparticles. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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López-González I, Zamora-Ledezma C, Sanchez-Lorencio MI, Tristante Barrenechea E, Gabaldón-Hernández JA, Meseguer-Olmo L. Modifications in Gene Expression in the Process of Osteoblastic Differentiation of Multipotent Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by a Novel Osteoinductive Porous Medical-Grade 3D-Printed Poly(ε-caprolactone)/β-tricalcium Phosphate Composite. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11216. [PMID: 34681873 PMCID: PMC8537621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the influence of a novel hybrid 3D-printed porous composite scaffold based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) microparticles in the process of adhesion, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation of multipotent adult human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (ah-BM-MSCs) cultured under basal and osteogenic conditions. The in vitro biological response of ah-BM-MSCs seeded on the scaffolds was evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, adhesion, and proliferation (AlamarBlue Assay®) after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of culture. The osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red Solution, ARS), expression of surface markers (CD73, CD90, and CD105), and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after 7 and 14 days of culture. The scaffolds tested were found to be bioactive and biocompatible, as demonstrated by their effects on cytotoxicity (viability) and extracellular matrix production. The mineralization and ALP assays revealed that osteogenic differentiation increased in the presence of PCL/β-TCP scaffolds. The latter was also confirmed by the gene expression levels of the proteins involved in the ossification process. Our results suggest that similar bio-inspired hybrid composite materials would be excellent candidates for osteoinductive and osteogenic medical-grade scaffolds to support cell proliferation and differentiation for tissue engineering, which warrants future in vivo research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan López-González
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair Group, Orthobiology, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Camilo Zamora-Ledezma
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair Group, Orthobiology, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - María Isabel Sanchez-Lorencio
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University of Murcia, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | | | - José Antonio Gabaldón-Hernández
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Luis Meseguer-Olmo
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair Group, Orthobiology, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, UCAM-Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
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10
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Salviano SH, Amorim Lopes JC, Brum IDS, Frigo L, Dos Santos MJ, Consonni SR, de Carvalho JJ. Histomorphometric Evaluation of Bone-Guided Regeneration in Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation Using Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Biomaterial: A Case Report. Int Med Case Rep J 2021; 14:697-706. [PMID: 34616186 PMCID: PMC8488054 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s315757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of techniques in biomaterials design and production added to advanced surgical procedures which enabled better and more predictable clinical outcomes. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) is among the more studied bone-guided regeneration procedure in the literature. The MSFA could be considered the gold standard procedure for bone-guided regeneration as it provides suitable functional and aesthetic solutions to alveolar ridge atrophy due to tooth loss. Purpose This study aimed to conduct a detailed histomorphometric evaluation of collagen production in SFAs bone-guided regeneration, using nano-hydroxyapatite/ß-tricalcium phosphate (nano-HA/ß-TCP) composite. Patients and Methods A 52-year-old female had the left upper second premolar condemned due to periodontal disease, then a tooth implant replacement was planned. Due to maxillary sinus pneumatization, the MSFA had to be done before implant placement. Nano-HA/ß-TCP composite (2g) was used in the MSFA procedure. After nine months of the healing process, during the Cone Morse implant installation process, bone samples were collected for histologic analysis (sirius red, hematoxylin/eosin, polarized microscopy). Six months after implant installation, a ceramic crown was installed according to the patient’s request. Results Proper masticatory function and aesthetics were re-established. The histomorphometric evaluation indicated that nano-HA/ß-TCP composite did not show any area devoid of cellular activity in sirius red or hematoxylin/eosin staining and the percentage (%) of new bone collagen fibers was achieved using polarization technique evaluation. Conclusion According to these results, nano-HA/ß-TCP composite presented clinical and histomorphometric properties suit to be used as bone-guided regeneration biomaterial in MSFA. Furthermore, nano-HA/β-TCP composite provided a favorable nano-environment to bone cells, enhancing bone matrix production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor da Silva Brum
- Implantology Department, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Frigo
- Periodontology Department, Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos, São Paulo, 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Mario José Dos Santos
- Biology Department, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Jorge José de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
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Chen CM, Chen SM, Lin SF, Liang HC, Wu CC. Clinical Efficacy of Polycaprolactone β-Calcium Triphosphate Composite for Osteoconduction in Rabbit Bone Defect Model. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152552. [PMID: 34372155 PMCID: PMC8348636 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with polycaprolactone (PCL) has been considered a promising strategy for designing scaffolds for bone grafting. This study incorporated PCL with commercially available β-TCP (OsteoceraTM) to fabricate an injectable bone substitute and evaluate the effect of PCL on compressive strength and setting time of the hydraulic cement. The mechanical testing was compliant with the ASTM D695 and ASTM C191-13 standards. Results showed that PCL-TCP composite presented a well-defined architecture with uniform pore distribution and a significant increase in compressive strength compared with β-TCP alone. Eighteen rabbits, each with two surgically created bone defects, were treated using the PCL-TCP composites. The composite materials were resorbed and replaced by newly formed bone tissue. Both PCL-TCP and β-TCP demonstrated equivalent clinical effects on osteoconduction property in terms of the percentage of newly formed bone area measured by histomorphometric analysis. PCL-TCP was proven to be as effective as the commercially available β-TCP scaffold (OsteoceraTM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Shen-Mao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Shiou-Fu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Chien Liang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chun Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (S.-M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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3D-Printed Barrier Membrane Using Mixture of Polycaprolactone and Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate for Regeneration of Rabbit Calvarial Defects. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123280. [PMID: 34198549 PMCID: PMC8231761 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Polycarprolactone and beta tricalcium phosphate (PCL/β-TCP) are resorbable biomaterials that exhibit ideal mechanical properties as well as high affinity for osteogenic cells. Aim: Objective of this study was to evaluate healing and tissue reaction to the PCL/β-TCP barrier membrane in the rabbit calvaria model for guided bone regeneration. Materials and Methods: The PCL/β-TCP membranes were 3D printed. Three circular defects were created in calvaria of 10 rabbits. The three groups were randomly allocated for each specimen: (i) sham control; (ii) PCL/β-TCP membrane (PCL group); and (iii) PCL/β-TCP membrane with synthetic bone graft (PCL-BG group). The animals were euthanized after two (n = 5) and eight weeks (n = 5) for volumetric and histomorphometric analyses. Results: The greatest augmented volume was achieved by the PCL-BG group at both two and eight weeks (p < 0.01). There was a significant increase in new bone after eight weeks in the PCL group (p = 0.04). The PCL/β-TCP membrane remained intact after eight weeks with slight degradation, and showed good tissue integration. Conclusions: PCL/β-TCP membrane exhibited good biocompatibility, slow degradation, and ability to maintain space over eight weeks. The 3D-printed PCL/β-TCP membrane is a promising biomaterial that could be utilized for reconstruction of critical sized defects.
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Sopcak T, Medvecky L, Giretova M, Stulajterova R, Brus J, Urbanova M, Kromka F, Podobova M, Faberova M. Fabrication of a glycerol-citrate polymer coated tricalcium phosphate bone cements: Structural investigation and material properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Surface modification of a three-dimensional polycaprolactone scaffold by polydopamine, biomineralization, and BMP-2 immobilization for potential bone tissue applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 199:111528. [PMID: 33385823 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a free-form fabrication technique enabling fine feature control for tissue engineering applications. Especially, 3D scaffolds capable of supporting cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation are a prerequisite for bone tissue regeneration. Herein, we elaborated this approach to produce a 3D polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold with long-term osteogenic activity. Specifically, we coated polydopamine (PDA) on 3D PCL scaffolds, subsequently deposited hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles via biomimetic mineralization, and finally immobilized bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Material properties were characterized and compared with various 3D scaffolds, including PCL, PDA-coated PCL (PCL/PDA), and PDA-coated and HA-deposited PCL (PCL/PDA/HA). In vitro cell culture studies with osteoblasts revealed that the PCL/PDA/HA scaffolds immobilized with BMP-2 showed long-term retention of BMP-2 (for up to 21 days) and significantly increased osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by metabolic activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition. We believe that this multifunctional osteogenic 3D scaffold will be useful for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Increased neuritogenesis on ternary nanofiber matrices of PLCL and laminin decorated with black phosphorus. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Degradable porous drug-loaded polymer scaffolds for localized cancer drug delivery and breast cell/tissue growth. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110794. [PMID: 32409024 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a combined experimental and analytical study of blended FDA-approved polymers [polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polycaprolactone (PCL)] with the potential for sustained localized cancer drug release. Porous drug-loaded 3D degradable PLGA-PEG and PLGA-PCL scaffolds were fabricated using a multistage process that involved solvent casting and particulate leaching with lyophilization. The physicochemical properties including the mechanical, thermal and biostructural properties of the drug-loaded microporous scaffolds were characterized. The release of the encapsulated prodigiosin (PG) or paclitaxel (PTX) drug (from the drug-loaded polymer scaffolds) was also studied experimentally at human body temperature (37 °C) and hyperthermic temperatures (41 and 44 °C). These characteristic controlled and localized in vitro drug release from the properties of the microporous scaffold were analyzed using kinetics and thermodynamic models. Subsequently, normal breast cells (MCF-10A) were cultured for a 28-day period on the resulting 3D porous scaffolds in an effort to study the possible regrowth of normal breast tissue, following drug release. The effects of localized cancer drug release on breast cancer cells and normal breast cell proliferation are demonstrated for scenarios that are relevant to palliative breast tumor surgery for 16 weeks under in vivo conditions. Results from the in vitro drug release show a sustained anomalous (non-Fickian) drug release that best fits the Korsmeyer-Peppas (KP) kinetic model with a non-spontaneous thermodynamic process that leads to a massive decrease in breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) viability. Our findings from the animal suggest that localized drug release from drug-based 3D resorbable porous scaffolds can be used to eliminate/treat local recurred triple negative breast tumors and promote normal breast tissue regeneration after surgical resection.
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Electrospun triazole-based chitosan nanofibers as a novel scaffolds for bone tissue repair and regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gandolfi MG, Zamparini F, Degli Esposti M, Chiellini F, Fava F, Fabbri P, Taddei P, Prati C. Highly porous polycaprolactone scaffolds doped with calcium silicate and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate designed for bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:341-361. [PMID: 31147007 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and/or calcium silicates (CaSi) have been used to prepare highly porous scaffolds by thermally induced phase separation technique (TIPS). Three experimental mineral-doped formulations were prepared (PCL-10CaSi, PCL-5CaSi-5DCPD, PCL-10CaSi-10DCPD); pure PCL scaffolds constituted the control group. Scaffolds were tested for their chemical-physical and biological properties, namely thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical properties by quasi-static parallel-plates compression testing, porosity by a standard water-absorption method calcium release, alkalinizing activity, surface microchemistry and micromorphology by Environmental Scanning electronic Microscopy (ESEM), apatite-forming ability in Hank Balanced Saline Solution (HBSS) by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and micro-Raman, and direct contact cytotoxicity. All mineral-doped scaffolds released calcium and alkalinized the soaking medium, which may favor a good biological (osteogenic) response. ESEM surface micromorphology analyses after soaking in HBSS revealed: pure PCL, PCL-10CaSi and PCL-10CaSi-10DCPD kept similar surface porosity percentages but different pore shape modifications. PCL-5CaSi-5DCPD revealed a significant surface porosity increase despite calcium phosphates nucleation (p < 0.05). Micro-Raman spectroscopy detected the formation of a B-type carbonated apatite (Ap) layer on the surface of PCL-10CaSi-10DCPD aged for 28 days in HBSS; a similar phase (but of lower thickness) formed also on PCL-5CaSi-5DCPD and PCL; the deposit formed on PCL-10CaSi was mainly composed of calcite. All PCL showed bulk open porosity higher than 94%; however, no relevant brittleness was observed in the materials, which retained the possibility to be handled without collapsing. The thermo-mechanical properties showed that the reinforcing and nucleating action of the inorganic fillers CaSi and DCPD improved viscoelastic properties of the scaffolds, as confirmed by the increased value of storage modulus and the slight increase in the crystallization temperature for all the biomaterials. A detrimental effect on the mechanical properties was observed in samples with the highest amount of inorganic particles (PCL-10CaSi-10DCPD). All the scaffolds showed absence of toxicity, in particular PCL-10CaSi-10DCPD. The designed scaffolds are biointeractive (release biologically relevant ions), nucleate apatite, possess high surface and internal open porosity and can be colonized by cells, creating a bone forming osteoblastic microenvironment and appearing interesting materials for bone regeneration purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Micaela Degli Esposti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Chiellini
- BIOlab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Fabbri
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Taddei
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Huang KH, Chen YW, Wang CY, Lin YH, Wu YHA, Shie MY, Lin CP. Enhanced Capability of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2-loaded Mesoporous Calcium Silicate Scaffolds to Induce Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2019; 44:1677-1685. [PMID: 30409449 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcium silicate bioceramics have been broadly used as reparative or grafting materials with good bioactivity and biocompatibility in dental application. It has been shown that applying a mesoporous process to calcium silicate gives it great potential as a controlled drug delivery system. METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate a novel osteoinductive scaffold by loading bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) to mesoporous calcium silicate (MesoCS) and fabricating it as 3-dimensional scaffolds using fused deposition modeling combined with polycaprolactone. RESULTS The MesoCS/BMP-2 scaffold showed similar patterns to that of a calcium silicate scaffold in releasing calcium and silicon ions in a simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion test for 7 days, but BMP-2 continued releasing from the MesoCS/BMP-2 scaffold significantly more than the CS scaffold from 48 hours to 7 days. Adhesion and proliferation of human dental pulp cells cultured on a MesoCS/BMP-2 scaffold were also more significant than scaffolds without BMP-2 or mesoporous as well as the results of the test on alkaline phosphatase activity. CONCLUSIONS The results support that the novel 3-dimensional-printed MesoCS scaffold performed well as BMP-2 delivery system and would be an ideal odontoinductive biomaterial in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ying Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hong Lin
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; PhD Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Haw Andrew Wu
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-You Shie
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Tatullo M, Spagnuolo G, Codispoti B, Zamparini F, Zhang A, Esposti MD, Aparicio C, Rengo C, Nuzzolese M, Manzoli L, Fava F, Prati C, Fabbri P, Gandolfi MG. PLA-Based Mineral-Doped Scaffolds Seeded with Human Periapical Cyst-Derived MSCs: A Promising Tool for Regenerative Healing in Dentistry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E597. [PMID: 30781537 PMCID: PMC6416549 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human periapical cyst mesenchymal stem cells (hPCy-MSCs) are a newly discovered cell population innovatively collected from inflammatory periapical cysts. The use of this biological waste guarantees a source of stem cells without any impact on the surrounding healthy tissues, presenting a valuable potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. In the present study, hPCy-MSCs were collected, isolated, and seeded on three experimental mineral-doped porous scaffolds produced by the thermally-induced phase-separation (TIPS) technique. Mineral-doped scaffolds, composed of polylactic acid (PLA), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), and/or hydraulic calcium silicate (CaSi), were produced by TIPS (PLA-10CaSi, PLA-5CaSi-5DCPD, PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD). Micro-CT analysis evaluated scaffolds micromorphology. Collected hPCy-MSCs, characterized by cytofluorimetry, were seeded on the scaffolds and tested for cell proliferation, cells viability, and gene expression for osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation (DMP-1, OSC, RUNX-2, HPRT). Micro-CT revealed an interconnected highly porous structure for all the scaffolds, similar total porosity with 99% open pores. Pore wall thickness increased with the percentage of CaSi and DCPD. Cells seeded on mineral-doped scaffolds showed a superior proliferation compared to pure PLA scaffolds (control), particularly on PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD at day 12. A higher number of non-viable (red stained) cells was observable on PLA scaffolds at days 14 and 21. DMP-1 expression increased in hPCy-MSCs cultured on all mineral-doped scaffolds, in particular on PLA-5CaSi-5DCPD and PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD. In conclusion, the innovative combination of experimental scaffolds colonized with autologous stem cells from periapical cyst represent a promising strategy for regenerative healing of periapical and alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tatullo
- Tecnologica Research Institute, Stem Cell Unit, 88900 Crotone, Italy.
| | - Gianrico Spagnuolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Bruna Codispoti
- Tecnologica Research Institute, Stem Cell Unit, 88900 Crotone, Italy.
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anqi Zhang
- MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Micaela Degli Esposti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Carlo Rengo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Manuel Nuzzolese
- University Hospitals Birmingham-NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B152GW, UK.
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Carlo Prati
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paola Fabbri
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy.
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Kao CT, Chen YJ, Ng HY, Lee AKX, Huang TH, Lin TF, Hsu TT. Surface Modification of Calcium Silicate via Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine and Effective Adsorption of Extracellular Matrix to Promote Osteogenesis Differentiation for Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1664. [PMID: 30205589 PMCID: PMC6165256 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based cement has garnered huge interest in recent years, due to its versatility and potential in mass fabrication of a variety of bioceramics. For this study, the main objective was to fabricate functionalized calcium silicate (CS) powder integrated with a simple bio-inspired surface modification using polydopamine (PDA), to regulate cellular behaviors such as cellular adhesion, and subsequently cell differentiation and proliferation. For this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques were used to analyze the chemical compositions and observe the surface characteristics of our PDA coated CS cements. Such modifications were found to enhance Wharton Jelly's mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSC) in various ways. Firstly, PDA-coated CS cements were found to significantly enhance cell adhesion with higher expressions of cell adhesion markers, such as focal adhesion kinase and integrins. This was further supported by morphology analysis of the cells. This enhanced cell adhesion, in turn, led to significantly higher secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as collagen I and fibronectin, which directly promoted cell attachments and proliferation. In our osteogenesis assays, it was found that secretion and expression of osteogenesis related genes and proteins were significantly higher and were dependent on the PDA content. Therefore, these results demonstrated that such simple bio-inspired modification techniques of synthetic degradable CS cements can be applied as a future modification, to modify and convert inert surfaces of synthetic bone grafts to enhance and modulate the cell behaviors of WJMSCs. This in turn can be used as a potential alternative for further bioengineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Tze Kao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Jen Chen
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Hooi-Yee Ng
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Alvin Kai-Xing Lee
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Tsui-Hsien Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Tz-Feng Lin
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Tuan-Ti Hsu
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
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Prasadh S, Wong RCW. Unraveling the mechanical strength of biomaterials used as a bone scaffold in oral and maxillofacial defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1348-8643(18)30005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lin YH, Chiu YC, Shen YF, Wu YHA, Shie MY. Bioactive calcium silicate/poly-ε-caprolactone composite scaffolds 3D printed under mild conditions for bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 29:11. [PMID: 29282550 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-6020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study provides a solvent-free processing method for establishing the ideal porous 3-dimension (3D) scaffold filled with different ratios of calcium silicate-based (CS) powder and polycaprolactone (PCL) for 3D bone substitute application. Characterization of hybrid scaffolds developed underwent assessments for physicochemical properties and biodegradation. Adhesion and growth of human Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) on the CS/PCL blended scaffold were investigated in vitro. Cell attachment and morphology were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal microscope observations. Colorimetric assay was tested for assessing cell metabolic activity. In addition, RT-qPCR was also performed for the osteogenic-related and angiogenesis-related gene expression. As a result, the hydrophilicity of the scaffolds was further significantly improved after we additive CS into PCL, as well as the compressive strength up to 5.8 MPa. SEM showed that a great amount of precipitated bone-like apatite formed on the scaffold surface after immersed in the simulated body fluid. The 3D-printed scaffolds were found to enhance cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, results of osteogenesis and angiogenesis proteins were expressed obviously greater in the response of WJMSCs. These results indicate the CS/PCL composite exhibited a favorable bioactivity and osteoconductive properties that could be served as a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hong Lin
- The Ph.D. program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Cheng Chiu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- 3D Printing Research Center, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Haw Andrew Wu
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-You Shie
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Amin A, Samy M, Abd El-Alim SH, Rabia AEG, Ayoub MMH. Assessment of formulation parameters needed for successful vitamin C entrapped polycaprolactone nanoparticles. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1393816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Amin
- Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Moshera Samy
- Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Abd El Gawad Rabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy M. H. Ayoub
- Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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