Matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9, and tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 gene polymorphisms in Taiwanese periodontitis patients

Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase-1, -2, -3, -7, and -13 gene polymorphisms in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy controls

OBJECTIVES

The current study aimed to investigate the association of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 1, -2, -3, -7, and -13 gene polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis (CP) in an Iranian population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this case-control study, 87 subjects with CP and 89 periodontally healthy subjects were allocated to case and control groups, respectively. Subjects' venous blood samples (5 cc) were collected, and DNA extraction was performed. A spectrophotometer was utilized to assess the concentration of extracted DNAs. The desired gene polymorphisms were examined using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) followed by electrophoresis. Statistical analyses were done using the Pearson Chi-Square test, odds ratio, and t-Test using SPSS Version 28.

RESULTS

The MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G) rs1799750, MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A) rs3025058, and MMP-7 (-181 A/G) rs11568818 gene polymorphisms significantly differed between case and control groups (PV = 0.019, 0.007, and 0.028, respectively). In contrast, the gene polymorphisms of MMP-2 (-1306 C/T) rs243865 and MMP-13 (-77 A/G) rs2252070 did not make a significant difference. Regarding allele frequencies, the presence of the 2G allele in the MMP-1 (-1607) rs1799750 genotype increased the CP susceptibility significantly, while subjects with the 6A allele in their MMP-3 (-1171) rs3025058 genotype showed significantly lower susceptibility to CP (PV = 0.008 and < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSION

In the studied population, gene polymorphisms in the DNA sequences of MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G) rs1799750, MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A) rs3025058, and MMP-7 (-181 A/G) rs11568818 may have impacts on CP incidence.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Clinicians should be cautious about the association between MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-7 gene polymorphisms and the incidence of chronic periodontitis during periodontal treatment planning.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 but Not Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, Implicated in the Manifestation of Chronic Periodontitis

Background

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition affecting the tooth's supporting tissues, resulting in gradual loss of periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone, and gum resorption. Neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage, destructive proteases like matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-9 play pivotal roles in such lesions in periodontitis. Therefore, this study aims to compare the level of MMP-3 and MMP-9 gene expression in patients with or without periodontitis in an Iranian population.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was carried out on 22 chronic periodontitis patients and 17 healthy control subjects referred to the department of periodontology, Mashhad Dental School. In both groups, the gingival tissue was removed during surgery and transferred to the Molecular Biology Laboratory for MMP-3 and MMP-9 gene expression evaluation. The qRT-PCR, TaqMan method was used for gene expression assessments.

Results

The average age of periodontitis patients was 33± 5 years, and in controls, 34.7± 6 with no significant differences. The mean MMP-3 expression in periodontitis patients was 146.67±38.7, and in controls, 63.4±9.1. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.04). The mean expression of MMP-9 in periodontitis patients and controls were 103.8± 21.66 and 87.57± 16.05, respectively. Although the target gene expression in patients was higher, the difference was insignificant. Furthermore, there was not any significant correlation between age or gender with the expression of MMP3 or MMP9.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that the MMP3 seems to have a destructive impact on the gingival tissue in chronic periodontitis, but not MMP9.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9-1562 C/T promoter gene polymorphism in chronic periodontitis: A cross-sectional observational study

Background:

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a major group of enzymes, released in inflamed periodontal tissues in large quantities, resulting in connective tissue matrix breakdown. One of the most predominant MMPs is MMP-9. Association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and MMP-9 gene polymorphism (GP) in some ethnic populations has been already established. The aim of the current study was to assess the association of single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of MMP-9 gene with CP in Kolkata population, if any.

Materials and Methods:

Forty eligible individuals were recruited for the study and grouped as A and B: Group A (twenty periodontally healthy individuals) and Group B (twenty CP patients). Venous blood samples collected from all the forty individuals were used to isolate the genomic DNA. GP for MMP-9 gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing method. The data obtained were then analyzed statistically.

Results:

A significantly different genotypic and allelic variation was observed in the control and test groups, with C/T genotype and T allele present in only CP group.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of this study, we can conclude that there was no significant association between patients with periodontitis and MMP-9-1562 C/T promoter GP.

Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Inflammation and Periodontitis: A Narrative Review

Current evidence pinpoints that the variability in periodontitis traits in humans may be attributable to genetic factors. Different allelic variants can result in alterations in tissue structure, antibody responses and inflammatory mediators. Consequently, genetic variations may act as protective or risk factors for periodontal diseases. A number of features of the inflammatory and immune response that seem to play a role in the development of periodontitis have a clearly established genetic basis. Identifying genes that contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis may be utilized for risk assessment in both aggressive and chronic periodontitis. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the role of polymorphisms in genes involved in inflammation and periodontitis, including cellular receptors, tissue compatibility antigens, antibodies and cytokines.

The relationship between periodontal status and rheumatoid arthritis - systematic review

There have been numerous publications investigating the relationship between periodontitis (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) so far.

This publication presents the common risk factors for the development of PD and RA. The major impact of the pathological bacterial factor and cigarette smoking with chronic inflammation playing the key role in both diseases has been confirmed by numerous studies in various populations over the years. More research focuses nowadays also on the role of improper diet and obesity. Pathophysiological pathways, such as increased concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, indirectly affecting the cardiovascular complications and coagulation disorders, which has an impact on function disorders of tissue metalloproteinase inhibitors and the plasminogen activation system, were also researched.

This systematic review of current literature has shown numerous discrepancies in previous analyses and the need for further detailed research on the relationship between periodontal status and RA.

Association of MMP-2-753C>T and MMP-9-1562C>T Polymorphisms with Chronic/Aggressive Periodontitis Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND

Two functional polymorphisms in the matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) genes may contribute to periodontitis pathogenesis. However, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, to clarify precise associations of MMP-2-753 C>T and MMP-9-1562C>T polymorphisms with chronic (CP) and aggressive (AgP) periodontitis, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS

A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Web of Science databases until 5 July 2017. The data were analyzed with CMA software, and risk estimates are expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

RESULTS

Nineteen case-control studies in ten publications with 2089 periodontitis cases and 2345 controls met the criteria. The pooled ORs indicated that MMP-2-753C>T and MMP-9-1562C>T polymorphisms were not significantly associated with risk of periodontitis in overall analysis. Stratified analyses by ethnicity and periodontitis type indicated that the MMP-9-1562C>T polymorphism showed a significant association with the risk of periodontitis among Caucasians and CP/AgP subgroup, whereas MMP-2-753C>T polymorphism was significantly associated with periodontitis risk only among Asians.

CONCLUSION

MMP-2-753C>T and MMP-9-1562C>T polymorphisms may not be associated with risk of periodontitis in overall population. However, MMP-2-753C>T and MMP-9-1562C>T polymorphisms might have influence on the susceptibility of periodontitis by ethnicity.