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Navaneethan P, Mohammed IP, Shenoy RP, Junaid J, Amanna S, Alsughier Z, Kolarkodi SH. Evaluation of Staining Propensity of Silver Diamine Fluoride With and Without Potassium Iodide in Children (Project Healthy Smiles): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e51087. [PMID: 39042887 PMCID: PMC11303896 DOI: 10.2196/51087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is becoming more widely recognized as a simple, cost-effective approach to minimize sensitivity and arrest caries. However, SDF results in caries that are stained black. Potassium iodide (KI) treatment with SDF may minimize or lessen the staining. However, the effectiveness of KI on staining has not been investigated. Studies demonstrating that potassium iodide reduces the black staining are still insufficient. This paper presents the study protocol for Healthy Smiles, a randomized controlled trial implemented to compare the staining propensity of SDF and SDF+KI. OBJECTIVE This study, Healthy Smiles, aims to evaluate the staining propensity of SDF and SDF+KI using a Nix Mini color sensor among children aged 4 to 6 years. Another objective of the study is to evaluate the caries-arresting effect of SDF and SDF+KI in the treatment of carious primary teeth. METHODS This study is a randomized controlled trial. A total of 60 children with caries that meet the criteria of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (code 1 or above) will be randomly assigned to treatment groups, where group 1 will be treated with SDF and group 2 will be treated with SDF+KI. Discoloration of treated lesions will be assessed digitally using a Nix Mini color sensor. Participants will be followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment to digitally record the ∆L and ∆E values using the Nix Mini color sensor. Data will be analyzed using SPSS (version 28; IBM Corp). Independent sample t tests and the Mann-Whitney U test will be used to compare the 2 groups. RESULTS Enrollment started in October 2023. It is estimated that the enrollment period will be 12 months. Data collection is planned to be completed in 2024. CONCLUSIONS The presented paper describes Happy Smiles, a project that provides an opportunity to address the aesthetic inconvenience of patients without compromising the effectiveness of the SDF treatment. The trial findings will contribute to the limited evidence base related to discoloration after SDF intervention to improve aesthetic appearances in child oral health. If the results from the trial are promising, it will lead to the development of a model for child oral health and pave the way for further research in child oral health. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/51087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveena Navaneethan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangaluru, India
| | - Imran Pasha Mohammed
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangaluru, India
| | - Rekha P Shenoy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangaluru, India
| | - Junaid Junaid
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangaluru, India
| | - Supriya Amanna
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangaluru, India
| | - Zeyad Alsughier
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaul Hameed Kolarkodi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Sabbagh S, Movahhed T, Bagheri H, Sadeghi M, Shahid S, Mohammadi H. Color change of tooth-colored restorative materials bonded to silver diamine fluoride-treated dentine: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:737. [PMID: 38937760 PMCID: PMC11210045 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The desirable properties of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) make it an effective agent for managing dental caries and tooth hypersensitivity. There are several clinical instances that SDF application might precede the placement of direct tooth-colored restorations. On the other hand, SDF stains demineralized/carious dental tissues black, which might affect the esthetic outcomes of such restorations. Color is a key parameter of esthetics in dentistry. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review dental literature on color/color change of tooth-colored restorations placed following the application of SDF on dentine. METHODS Comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases (until August 2023) as well as reference lists of retrieved studies was performed. In vitro studies reported color or color change of tooth-colored restorative materials applied on SDF-treated dentine were included. Methodological quality assessment was performed using RoBDEMAT tool. Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated. RESULTS Eleven studies/reports with a total of 394 tooth-colored restorations placed following a) no SDF (control) or b) SDF with/without potassium iodide (KI)/glutathione dentine pre-treatments were included. Color change was quantified using ∆E formulas in most reports. The pooled findings for the comparison of resin-based composite (RBC) restorations with and without prior 38% SDF + KI application revealed no statistically significant differences in ∆E values at short- and long-term evaluations (~ 14 days: WMD: -0.56, 95% CI: -2.09 to 0.96; I2: 89.6%, and ~ 60 days: WMD: 0.11; 95% CI: -1.51 to 1.72; I2: 76.9%). No studies provided sufficient information for all the items in the risk of bias tool (moderate to low quality). CONCLUSIONS The limited evidence suggested comparable color changes of RBC restorations with and without 38% SDF + KI pre-treatment up to 60 days. The included studies lacked uniformity in methodology and reported outcomes. Further studies are imperative to draw more definite conclusions. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO database under number CRD42023485083.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Sabbagh
- Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Taraneh Movahhed
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Vakilabad Blvd, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Bagheri
- Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saroash Shahid
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Homeira Mohammadi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Vakilabad Blvd, Mashhad, Iran.
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Rodrigues Vieira B, Costa Cruz SBS, Maia Silvaa CA, Lippert F, Kelly A, Hara AT, Barbosa de Sousa F. Effect of Three Chemical Agents on Stain Removal from Dentin Caries Lesions Treated with Silver Diamine Fluoride. Caries Res 2023; 58:49-58. [PMID: 38043513 DOI: 10.1159/000535614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of three different chemical agents on stain removal and mineral uptake of artificial dentin caries (ADC) lesions treated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF). METHODS Baseline L*a*b* values were determined in polished human permanent dentin blocks, and ADC lesions were induced with an acid gel for 1 week. Samples were assigned to four groups; in three groups, half of each sample received SDF (30% SDF for 3 min), while the other half received SDF followed by a bleaching treatment protocol (garlic extract, bentonite, or 35% hydrogen peroxide). The fourth group had one SDF-treated half and one half without SDF. Color changes (ΔE) were measured by spectrometry, and transversal microradiography was used to quantify integrated mineral loss (ΔZ) 24 h after treatment (SDF or SDF + bleaching). A two-way mixed ANOVA was applied to thirty percent. RESULTS SDF application increased mineral uptake by ADC (p = 0.001). The type of chemical agent evaluated (p < 0.0001), time (p = 0.01), and their interaction (p < 0.0001) bleached the ADC treated with SDF. However, 35% hydrogen peroxide was the only compound with a bleaching effect (p < 0.001), without returning to baseline color. None of the compounds altered the mineral uptake effect of SDF (p = 0.30). CONCLUSION This in vitro study showed mineral uptake effect in ACD within 24 h after SDF application and the ability of hydrogen peroxide to partially remove (reduction of 24%) the staining caused by SDF without affecting its mineral uptake effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basílio Rodrigues Vieira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Adam Kelly
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Anderson Takeo Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Islam MS, Aryal ACS, Rahman MM, Abry MF, Salman NSM, Ahmed ZM. Inhibition of Silver Diamine Fluoride-induced Tooth Discoloration by Using Natural Antioxidant: In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:278-284. [PMID: 38149804 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a well-known caries preventive aid capable of arresting carious lesions and preventing secondary caries formation. Despite having the caries prevention potential, the clinical use of SDF is limited due to the tooth discoloration caused by SDF. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of natural antioxidants to inhibit SDF-induced tooth discoloration. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 32 bovine teeth were polished to create a 6 mm circular window on the middle 1/3 (for enamel) or on the cervical 1/3 (for dentin) of the labial surface. Specimens were treated either with SDF alone or SDF followed by ascorbic acid (AA)/alpha lipoic acid (ALA)/7th generation bonding materials. The color parameters Lightness (L*), Chroma (C*), and Hue (H*) of the tooth window were measured at pretreatment, 1-hour, 1-week, and 1-month posttreatment using a digital color chromometer. RESULTS Repeated measure ANOVA showed a significant tooth color alteration at 1-hour posttreatment. The L* and H* values dropped and C* value elevated significantly in 1-hour posttreatment measurement. All experimental groups showed significant tooth color alteration after treatment (p < 0.05) and were unable to reverse the discoloration even after 1-month period except the ALA group which did not show any significant (p > 0.05) color alteration compared with the pretreatment value. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitation of the in vitro model and according to the results of this study, it can be concluded that ALA has the potential to prevent SDF-induced tooth discoloration; however, AA was unable to prevent the discoloration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE SDF induces discoloration of enamel and dentin can be reversed by applying Alpha lipoic acid immediacy after SDF application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sofiqul Islam
- Department of Operative Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, Phone: +971 7 2222593(ext-147); +971 58 8204155, e-mail: ;
| | - A C Smriti Aryal
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maryam Fuad Abry
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor Sayed Majed Salman
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zainab Mohamed Ahmed
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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Asghar M, Omar RA, Yahya R, Yap AU, Shaikh MS. Approaches to minimize tooth staining associated with silver diamine fluoride: A systematic review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:322-332. [PMID: 36628650 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To the effectiveness of different strategies to overcome silver diamine fluoride (SDF)-mediated tooth staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four online databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched using different MeSH terms and Boolean Operators to retrieve the articles (until June 2021), followed by a hand-search of the reference list of the included articles. All full-text, original studies in English that evaluated SDF staining and at least one SDF modification/alternative were included. RESULTS Among the assessed studies, nine studies explored the stain-minimization effect of potassium iodide (KI) post-application following SDF treatment. Among these, eight concluded that KI application after SDF treatment significantly reduced tooth staining, while one showed marginal staining following glass ionomer restoration of the SDF-treated dentine. Additionally, one study applied potassium fluoride (KF) and silver nitrate (AgNO3 ) concurrently to mitigate SDF-mediated staining. One study compared SDF staining with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated nanoparticles containing sodium fluoride (NaF), and another used nanosilver fluoride (NSF) for staining comparison with SDF. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, the addition of different materials to SDF has proven to be a beneficial strategy for overcoming tooth staining associated with SDF. Future studies are warranted, particularly clinical trials, to validate these findings. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE SDF-mediated tooth staining is a serious concern that limits its clinical use. A review of various strategies to overcome this problem will help clinicians enhance its clinical use and patient acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmood Asghar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Dental Materials, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ros Anita Omar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosiyah Yahya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adrian Ujin Yap
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Saad Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Hafiz Z, Allam R, Almazyad B, Bedaiwi A, Alotaibi A, Almubrad A. Effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Caries in Primary and Early Mixed Dentition: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091289. [PMID: 36138602 PMCID: PMC9497160 DOI: 10.3390/children9091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries is a painful condition that could lead to nutritional problems which affects the overall health of the child, as well it is expensive to treat. The effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in primary and early mixed dentition is systematically reviewed in this study. This systematic review utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta- Analysis statement (PRISMA, 2020). A literature search conducted using the common electronic databases (from 2010–2021). Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten randomized clinical trials (RCT) have met the inclusion criteria and were considered for the qualitative assessment. Critical appraisal of these studies was done. This systematic review found that using SDF is a successful and effective method in arresting dentin carious process in the primary teeth and first permanent molars in children. Additionally, when compared to the commonly used topical fluoride products and materials, SDF showed to have better cariostatic effect. However, these findings must be cautiously viewed since more research is required to support them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Hafiz
- Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rehab Allam
- Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bdoor Almazyad
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alya’a Bedaiwi
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Alotaibi
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alwateen Almubrad
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
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Yan IG, Zheng FM, Gao SS, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Chu CH. A Review of the Protocol of SDF Therapy for Arresting Caries. Int Dent J 2022; 72:579-588. [PMID: 35843730 PMCID: PMC9485517 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this work was to review the protocol of the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for arresting caries, specifically the application time. Method Two researchers searched manufacturers’ instructions, YouTube videos, and 5 databases (Embase, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Manufacturers’ instructions, videos from national dental organisations, and peer-reviewed journal articles that published the SDF application protocol in English for arresting caries were selected. Results The review included 14 protocols from 15 publications from 4 manufacturers, 3 dental associations, and 7 author teams (one team had 2 articles). The American Dental Association and the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry provided their SDF application protocols on YouTube. The American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry and 7 author teams published their protocols in journal articles. Seven publications suggested an SDF application time of 60 seconds. Seven publications suggested a time range of 10 seconds to 240 seconds. Two publications suggested caries excavation, but 4 publications suggested no caries excavation before SDF application. The procedures from at least 5 publications involved protecting the gingiva with petroleum jelly, isolating the carious tooth with cotton rolls, drying the carious lesion with a 3-in-1 syringe, applying SDF solution with a micro brush for 60 seconds, removing excess SDF solution with gauze, and applying fluoride varnish to the SDF-treated lesion. Conclusions Although the SDF application protocol is simple and straightforward, the published protocols could be different. Most publications suggested an SDF application time of 60 seconds, which can be long, particularly for young children and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Gehui Yan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Evaluation of the Effect of the Loading Time on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Various Restorative Materials Bonded to Silver Diamine Fluoride-Treated Demineralized Dentin. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134424. [PMID: 35806549 PMCID: PMC9267547 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immediate versus delayed loading times on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of restorative materials, including resin-based composite (RBC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and glass ionomer cement (GIC), that were bonded to silver diamine fluoride (SDF)-treated demineralized dentin. Ninety caries-free extracted premolar teeth were assigned to three groups (n = 30) loaded with RBC, RMGIC and GIC restorative materials. Each group was further divided into three subgroups (n = 10): subgroup A (control specimens), immediate loading of the restorative material on sound dentin; subgroup B, demineralized dentin, SDF treatment and immediate loading of the restorative material; and subgroup C, demineralized dentin, SDF treatment and restorative material loading a week later. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests were performed to compare the μTBS values. The RBC exhibited the highest µTBS, followed by RMGIC and GIC. Multiple comparisons showed an increase in the µTBS in the delayed loading groups irrespective of the restorative material used. The majority of the failure modes were adhesive. Delayed loading of RMGIC for 1 week after SDF application showed significantly higher µTBS than that of immediate loading.
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Aldosari MM, Al-Sehaibany FS. The Effect of Loading Time on Color Stability of Various Restorative Materials Bonded to Silver Diamine Fluoride-Treated Demineralized Dentin. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2022; 14:123-130. [PMID: 35602464 PMCID: PMC9121883 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s365478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the effect of immediate versus one week later loading time on color stability of resin-based composite (RBC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorative materials bonded to silver diamine fluoride (SDF)-treated demineralized dentin. Materials and Methods Ninety extracted premolars were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 30 each): group-I (loaded with RBCs), group-II (loaded with RMGIC), and group-III (loaded with GIC). Each group was divided randomly into the following subgroups (n = 10): subgroup-A (control specimens) consisted of sound dentin and the restorative material was immediately loaded; subgroup-B consisted of demineralized dentin, underwent a SDF treatment and the restorative material was immediately loaded; subgroup-C consisted of demineralized dentin, underwent a SDF treatment and the restorative material was loaded 1 week later. The color difference (ΔE) and visual color changes (L*a*b*) of each specimen were calculated using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's tests to compare the ΔE values and a paired t test to compare the mean of L* a* b* coordinates. Results The highest color stability was observed for GIC, followed by RMGIC, and the lowest color stability was observed for the RBC group. Significant differences within groups were noted in RBC and RMGIC (p < 0.001). Regarding the loading time of the restorative material, in RBCs, a significantly lower ΔE value was observed in the delayed loading group than in the immediate loading group (p = 0.035). In the RMGIC and GIC groups, there were no significant differences. Conclusion Delaying the loading time of the restorative material for 1 week following the application of SDF resulted in greater color stability than that of immediate loading. The caries arresting potential of SDF was revealed by the dark staining, which could be improved with the subsequent delayed restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Aldosari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares S Al-Sehaibany
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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