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Sampaio R, Bastos A, Ferreira M. New Sensors for Monitoring pH and Corrosion of Embedded Steel in Mortars during Sulfuric Acid Attack. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5356. [PMID: 35891035 PMCID: PMC9315610 DOI: 10.3390/s22145356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sulfuric acid attack is a common form of degradation of reinforced concrete in contact with industrial wastewater, mine water, acid rain, or in sewage treatment stations. In this work, new pH-sensitive IrOx electrodes were developed for monitoring the pH inside mortar or concrete. To test their ability, the pH sensors were embedded in mortar samples at different depths and the samples were exposed to sulfuric acid solution. In another set of experiments, iron wires were placed at the same depths inside similar mortar samples and their corrosion was monitored as the acid attacked the mortar. Severe acid attack led to cement dissolution and formation of gypsum. The new pH sensors succeeded in measuring the pH changes inside the mortars. The pH gradient, from the high acid environment to the high alkaline mortar interior, occurred in a narrow region. Corrosion of the iron electrodes started only when the acidic solution was in their close vicinity.
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Zhou L, Cheng C, Li X, Ding J, Liu Q, Su B. Nanochannel Templated Iridium Oxide Nanostructures for Wide-Range pH Sensing from Solutions to Human Skin Surface. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3844-3851. [PMID: 32043863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the fabrication of highly sensitive solid-state pH sensors based on iridium oxide nanowires (IONWs) for a wide-range of pH measurements. IONWs were confined electrodeposits on the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode using a highly ordered silica nanochannel membrane as the template. Subsequently removing the template produced amorphous IONWs consisting of hydrated iridium oxyhydroxides. The IONW/ITO sensor can rapidly respond to the pH of the aqueous solutions in a wide range (from 0 to 13), avoiding the acid and alkaline errors encountered by conventional pH electrodes and exhibiting a super-Nernst analytical sensitivity as high as 235.5 mV/pH in the very acidic range of ∼0-2.5 and 90.1 mV/pH beyond (pH = ∼2.5-13). The sensitivity was associated with the interconversion of oxidation states of iridium oxyhydroxides. While in the very acidic range, intercalation of Cl- was proved to be responsible for the exceptionally high pH sensitivity. Moreover, the sensor was also demonstrated to work in organic solutions too. Finally, the flexible IONW/ITO electrode was prepared and interfaced to a wireless electrochemical device for real-time epidermal pH analysis with smartphones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xinru Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jialian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Atomic force microscopy - Scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM-SECM) for nanoscale topographical and electrochemical characterization: Principles, applications and perspectives. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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4
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Sadig HR, Cheng L, Xiang TF. Synthesis of tetra-metal oxide system based pH sensor via branched cathodic electrodeposition on different substrates. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Sadig HR, Cheng L, Xiang T. Using sol-gel supported by novel economic and environment-friendly spray-coating in the fabrication of nanostructure tri-system metal oxide-based pH sensor applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Polcari D, Dauphin-Ducharme P, Mauzeroll J. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Experimental Parameters from 1989 to 2015. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13234-13278. [PMID: 27736057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Polcari
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
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Santos CS, Lima AS, Battistel D, Daniele S, Bertotti M. Fabrication and Use of Dual-function Iridium Oxide Coated Gold SECM Tips. An Application to pH Monitoring above a Copper Electrode Surface during Nitrate Reduction. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201501082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. Santos
- Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo; Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 05508-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alex S. Lima
- Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo; Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 05508-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Dario Battistel
- Department of Environmental Science; Informatics and Statistics; University Cà Foscari Venice; Via Torino 155 30127 Venice Italy
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes - CNR; University Ca' Foscari of Venice; Via Torino 155 30123 Venice Italy
| | - Salvatore Daniele
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems; University Cà Foscari Venice; Via Torino 155 30127 Venice Italy
| | - Mauro Bertotti
- Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo; Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 05508-000 São Paulo Brazil
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8
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Plating of iridium for use as high purity electrodes in the assay of ultrapure copper. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Application of curcumin nanoparticles in a lab-on-paper device as a simple and green pH probe. Talanta 2015; 131:136-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chu J, Zhao Y, Li SH, Yu HQ, Liu G, Tian YC. An Integrated Solid-State pH Microelectrode Prepared Using Microfabrication. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Roushani M, Sarabaegi M. Electrochemical detection of butylated hydroxyanisole based on glassy carbon electrode modified by iridium oxide nanoparticles. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kiss A, Kiss L, Kovács B, Nagy G. Air Gap Microcell for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopic Imaging of Carbon Dioxide Output. Model Calculation and Gas Phase SECM Measurements for Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Producing Activity of Microbial Sources. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Aziz MA, Kim BK, Kim M, Yang SY, Lee HW, Han SW, Kim YI, Jon S, Yang H. Immunosensing Microchip Using Fast and Selective Preparation of an Iridium Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Pseudoreference Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wu CC, Lin WC, Fu SY. The open container-used microfluidic chip using IrO(x) ultramicroelectrodes for the in situ measurement of extracellular acidification. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4191-7. [PMID: 21570817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of metabolic activity based on the extracellular acidification rate has attracted wide interests in the field of biochemical detection. In the study, the chip comprising a microfluid-controlled open container and iridium oxide (IrO(x)) pH ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) was constructed for the purpose of in situ measurement of extracellular acidification rate. The feasible anodic depositing parameters of IrO(x) film were in the range of +0.53 to +0.8 V by means of exploring the electrochemical properties of alkaline Ir(IV) deposition solution. The IrO(x) pH UMEs electrodeposited for 300 cycles between 0 V and +0.6 V exhibited the near-super-Nernstian sensitivity of -68 to -76 mV/pH and the good stability with potential drifting of 11.7 mV within 24h. The design of the open container connected with a position-raised microchannel improved the sensing stability of IrO(x) pH UMEs, with the potential deviation of as low as 0.1 mV under the flow rate of 20 μl/min. The acidification rate of HeLa cells (2160 cells/mm(2)) repeatedly measured 5 times in the microfluidic chip showed the good reproducibility of 0.021±0.002 pH/min. Moreover, the chip can decrease the acidosis occurrence, a decrease of only 0.13-0.17 pH unit in 8 min interval, during the measurement of cellular metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chou Wu
- Department of Bio-industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chen YP, Zhao Y, Chu J, Liu SY, Li WW, Liu G, Tian YC, Xiong Y, Yu HQ. Fabrication and characterization of an innovative integrated solid-state microelectrode. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Velmurugan J, Zhan D, Mirkin MV. Electrochemistry through glass. Nat Chem 2010; 2:498-502. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Salimi A, Hallaj R, Kavosi B, Hagighi B. Highly sensitive and selective amperometric sensors for nanomolar detection of iodate and periodate based on glassy carbon electrode modified with iridium oxide nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 661:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Henstridge MC, Wildgoose GG, Compton RG. Generator-collector experiments at a single electrode: exploring the general applicability of this approach by comparing the performance of surface immobilized versus solution phase sensing molecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:1340-1346. [PMID: 19746936 DOI: 10.1021/la902418v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate proof-of-concept that generator-collector experiments can be performed at a single macroelectrode and used to determine mechanistic information. The practical advantages of such a system over conventional generator-collector techniques are also outlined. The single-electrode generator-collector technique is applied to study the known mechanism of oxygen reduction in aqueous conditions as a model system. We seek to demonstrate that the single-electrode generator-collector approach is capable of detecting local pH changes, immediately adjacent to the electrode surface during a redox reaction. Experiments are performed using a molecular pH probe attached to the electrode surface. Comparison of experimental data with numerical simulations verifies that the reduction of oxygen at pH 6.8 proceeds via a two-electron, two-proton mechanism. Experiments were also performed with a molecular pH probe dissolved in the electrolyte solution in order to explore the feasibility of this approach, which is potentially applicable to a much wider range of electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Henstridge
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Kurzweil P. Metal Oxides and Ion-Exchanging Surfaces as pH Sensors in Liquids: State-of-the-Art and Outlook. SENSORS 2009; 9:4955-85. [PMID: 22408563 PMCID: PMC3291948 DOI: 10.3390/s90604955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel applications of online pH determinations at temperatures from -35 °C to 130 °C in technical and biological media, which are all but ideal aqueous solutions, require new approaches to pH monitoring. The glass electrode, introduced nearly hundred years ago, and chemical sensors based on field effect transistors (ISFET) show specific drawbacks with respect to handling and long-time stability. Proton sensitive metal oxides seem to be a promising and alternative to the state-of-the-art measuring methods, and might overcome some problems of classical hydrogen electrodes and reference electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kurzweil
- University of Applied Sciences, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, D-92224 Amberg, Germany; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-9621-482-154
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El Sawy EN, Birss VI. Nano-porous iridium and iridium oxide thin films formed by high efficiency electrodeposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b914662h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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