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Dynamic Potentiometry with an Ion-Selective Electrode: A Tool for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Inorganic and Organic Cations. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A study of the transient potential signals obtained with a cation-selective electrode based on an ion-exchanger was carried out for solutions of the following individual cations at different concentrations: H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Mg2+, Ca2+, choline (Ch+), acetylcholine (AcCh+), and procaine (Pr+). Three different general types of transient signals were distinguished depending on the value of the selectivity coefficient of the corresponding ion. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the signals, finding that the qualitative identification of the corresponding ion from the scores of two principal components is possible. The study was extended to the transient signals of solutions containing an analyte in the presence of an interfering ion. The PCA of the corresponding signal allows for the detection of the presence of interfering ions, thus avoiding biased results in the determination of the analyte. Moreover, the two principal components of the transient signals obtained for each of the ions at different concentrations allow for the construction of calibration graphs for the quantitative determination of the corresponding ion. All the transient signals obtained experimentally in this work can be reconstructed accurately from principal components and their corresponding scores.
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Ruiz-Gonzalez A, Choy KL. Integration of an Aerosol-Assisted Deposition Technique for the Deposition of Functional Biomaterials Applied to the Fabrication of Miniaturised Ion Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:938. [PMID: 33916937 PMCID: PMC8067610 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Ion-selective electrodes are at the forefront of research nowadays, with applications in healthcare, agriculture and water quality analysis among others. Despite multiple attempts of miniaturization of these polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel-based ion sensors, no ion-sensing devices with a thickness below the micrometer range, and operating using open circuit potential, have been developed so far. This work reports the causes of this thickness limitation in potassium-selective sensors. Highly homogeneous ion-sensing films were fabricated by a method based on aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition, leading to smooth surfaces with 27 ± 11 nm of roughness. Such homogeneity allowed the systematic study of the performance and ionic diffusion properties of the sensing films at sub-micrometer scales. Sensitivities below the Nernst response were found at low thicknesses. The nature of this reduction in sensitivity was studied, and a difference in the superficial and bulk compositions of the films was measured. An optimal configuration was found at 15 µm, with a good selectivity against Na+ (KK+, Na+ = -1.8) a limit of detection in the range of 10-4 M and esponse time below 40 s. The stability of sensors was improved by the deposition of protective layers, which expanded the lifespan of the ion sensors up to 5 weeks while preserving the Nernst sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwang-Leong Choy
- Institute for Materials Discovery, Faculty of Mathematical & Physical Sciences, University College London, 107 Roberts Building, Malet Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK;
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Hambly B, Guzinski M, Pendley B, Lindner E. Kinetic Description of the Membrane-Solution Interface for Ion-Selective Electrodes. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2146-2154. [PMID: 32560587 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The theoretical models for ISEs almost exclusively assume thermodynamic equilibrium at the membrane/solution-phase boundary. In this report, we present a new, congruent model which combines first-order reaction kinetics of ion-exchange at the phase boundary and diffusional mass transport in the adjoining phases in the continuity equation. The influence of the rate constant in the new kinetic model has significant impact on the predicted transients corresponding to instantaneous change in the sample solution composition. The simulated transients generated with the new model coincide with the transients recorded in common potentiometric experiments, e.g., with transients recorded upon step change in the primary or interfering ion concentrations. The simulated transients also align well with previously published transients representing special cases of potentiometry (e.g., super-Nernstian response, non-Nernstian responses in the presence of highly interfering ions). The implementation of the kinetic model for simulating the transients in the water layer test also resulted in a better agreement with the experiments compared to the previous models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Hambly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Marcin Guzinski
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Bradford Pendley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Ernő Lindner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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Egorov VV, Novakovskii AD, Zdrachek EA. A Simple Dynamic Diffusion Model of the Response of Highly Selective Electrodes: The Effect of Simulation Parameters and Boundary Conditions on the Results of Calculations. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193518040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Yuan D, Bakker E. Overcoming Pitfalls in Boundary Elements Calculations with Computer Simulations of Ion Selective Membrane Electrodes. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7828-7831. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dajing Yuan
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Zdrachek EA, Nazarov VA, Egorov VV. Generalized Diffusion Parameter: Main Factors of Influence and Application for Estimation of Selectivity Coefficients for Highly Selective Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gryczan P, Michalska A, Maksymiuk K. A simple currentless method of determination of ion fluxes to and within electroactive ion-exchange membranes. J Solid State Electrochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-014-2464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Egorov VV, Zdrachek EA, Nazarov VA. Improved Separate Solution Method for Determination of Low Selectivity Coefficients. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3693-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500439m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Egorov
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya
str., 14, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Elena A. Zdrachek
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya str., 14, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Valentine A. Nazarov
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya str., 14, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
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Wang Y, Wang A, Zhang X, Xu T. Simulation of Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes: Estimation of Process Performance and Energy Consumption. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200467s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoming Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Membranes, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anlei Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Membranes, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Membranes, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Laboratory of Functional Membranes, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
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Morf W, van der Wal P, Pretsch E, de Rooij N. Theoretical treatment and numerical simulation of potentiometric and amperometric enzyme electrodes and of enzyme reactors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Morf W, van der Wal P, Pretsch E, de Rooij N. Theoretical treatment and numerical simulation of potentiometric and amperometric enzyme electrodes and of enzyme reactors. Part 2: Time-dependent concentration profiles, fluxes, and responses. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bakker E. Membrane Response Model for Ion-Selective Electrodes Operated by Controlled-Potential Thin-Layer Coulometry. Anal Chem 2010; 83:486-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102016y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Morf WE, Pretsch E, De Rooij NF. Theoretical Treatment and Numerical Simulation of Potential and Concentration Profiles in Extremely Thin Non-Electroneutral Membranes Used for Ion-Selective Electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010; 642:45-56. [PMID: 23255874 PMCID: PMC3523753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of extremely thin non-electroneutral membranes for ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) is investigated. A theoretical treatment of potential and concentration profiles in space-charge membranes of << 1 μm thickness is presented. The theory is based on the Nernst-Planck equation for ion fluxes, which reduces to Boltzmann's formula at equilibrium, and on the Poisson relationship between space-charge density and electric field gradient. A general solution in integral form is obtained for the potential function and the corresponding ion profiles at equilibrium. A series of explicit sub-solutions is derived for particular cases. Membrane systems with up to three different ion species are discussed, including trapped ionic sites and co-extracted ions. Solid-contacted thin membranes (without formation of aqueous films at the inner interface) are shown to exhibit a sub-Nernstian response. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations using a simplified finite-difference procedure based on the Nernst-Planck-Poisson model, which are shown to be in excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Morf
- Institute of Microengineering (IMT), SAMLAB, Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL STI), CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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