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Gunasekaran P, Du X, Burley A, Le J, Cheng J, Cuesta A. Water at electrode-electrolyte interfaces: combining HOD vibrational spectra with ab initio-molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04766d. [PMID: 39371467 PMCID: PMC11447744 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04766d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We have undertaken a vibrational study of the structure of interfacial water and its potential dependence using H2O : D2O mixtures to explore the O-H and O-D stretching modes of HOD as well as the bending modes of HOD and H2O. Due to the symmetry reduction, some of the complexity characteristic of the vibrational spectrum of water is removed in HOD. Coupled with potential-dependent ab initio simulations of the gold-water interface, this has enabled a deeper insight into the hydrogen-bond network of interfacial water and into how it is affected by the applied potential. Possibly the most important conclusions of our work are (i) the absence of any ice-like first layer of interfacial water at any potential and (ii) that interfacial water reorients around a stable backbone of hydrogen bonds roughly parallel to the electrode surface. At E > pzc, interfacial water molecules are oriented with the oxygen lone pairs towards the surface and form exclusively or nearly exclusively hydrogen-donating hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. At E < pzc, the oxygen lone pairs instead point away from the surface, but the population of hydrogen-donating water molecules does not vanish. In fact, the population of hydrogen-accepting water molecules only dominates at considerably negative charge densities, due to the weak interaction of the hydrogen atoms of interfacial water molecules with the Au surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Gunasekaran
- Advanced Centre for Energy and Sustainability (ACES), School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen AB24 3UE Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Xianglong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChem, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Andrew Burley
- Advanced Centre for Energy and Sustainability (ACES), School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen AB24 3UE Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Jiabo Le
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChem, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Angel Cuesta
- Advanced Centre for Energy and Sustainability (ACES), School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen AB24 3UE Aberdeen Scotland UK
- Centre for Energy Transition, University of Aberdeen AB24 3FX, Aberdeen Scotland UK
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2
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Gäding J, Della Balda V, Lan J, Konrad J, Iannuzzi M, Meißner RH, Tocci G. The role of the water contact layer on hydration and transport at solid/liquid interfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2407877121. [PMID: 39259594 PMCID: PMC11420213 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2407877121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the structure in the nanoscopic region of water that is in direct contact with solid surfaces, so-called contact layer, is key to quantifying macroscopic properties that are of interest to e.g. catalysis, ice nucleation, nanofluidics, gas adsorption, and sensing. We explore the structure of the water contact layer on various technologically relevant solid surfaces, namely graphene, MoS[Formula: see text], Au(111), Au(100), Pt(111), and Pt(100), which have been previously hampered by time and length scale limitations of ab initio approaches or force field inaccuracies, by means of molecular dynamics simulations based on ab initio machine learning potentials built using an active learning scheme. Our results reveal that the in-plane intermolecular correlations of the water contact layer vary greatly among different systems: Whereas the contact layer on graphene and on Au(111) is predominantly homogeneous and isotropic, it is inhomogeneous and anisotropic on MoS[Formula: see text], on Au(100), and on the Pt surfaces, where it additionally forms two distinct sublayers. We apply hydrodynamics and the theory of the hydrophobic effect, to relate the energy corrugation and the characteristic length-scales of the contact layer with wetting, slippage, the hydration of small hydrophobic solutes and diffusio-osmotic transport. Thus, this work provides a microscopic picture of the water contact layer and links it to macroscopic properties of liquid/solid interfaces that are measured experimentally and that are relevant to wetting, hydrophobic solvation, nanofluidics, and osmotic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gäding
- Institute of Soft Matter Modeling, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany
- Institute of Surface Science, Department of Atomistic Corrosion Informatics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - V Della Balda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - J Lan
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003
- Department of Chemistry, Simons Center for Computational Physical Chemistry at New York University, New York, NY 10003
| | - J Konrad
- Institute of Soft Matter Modeling, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - M Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - R H Meißner
- Institute of Soft Matter Modeling, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany
- Institute of Surface Science, Department of Atomistic Corrosion Informatics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - G Tocci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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3
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Nagatsuka N, Otsuki T, Kamibashira S, Koitaya T, Watanabe K. Water orientation on platinum surfaces controlled by step sites. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:094705. [PMID: 39225537 DOI: 10.1063/5.0221288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, the adsorption structure of deuterated water on the stepped platinum surface is studied under an ultra-high vacuum by using heterodyne-detected sum-frequency generation spectroscopy. On a pristine Pt(553), D2O molecules adsorbed at the step sites act as hydrogen bond (H-bond) donors to the adjacent terrace sites. This ensures the net D-down orientation at the terrace sites away from the steps. In particular, the pre-adsorption of oxygen atoms at the step sites significantly alters the D-down configuration. The oxygen pre-adsorption leads to a spontaneous dissociation of the post-adsorbed water molecules at the step to form hydroxyl (OD) species. Since the hydroxyl at the step acts as a strong H-bond acceptor, D2O at the terrace no longer maintains the D-down configuration and adopts flat-lying configurations, significantly reducing the number of D-down molecules at the terrace. Density-functional theoretical calculations support these pictures. This work demonstrates the critical role of steps in controlling the net orientation of the interfacial water and provides an important reference for future considerations of the reactions at electrochemical interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nagatsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takumi Otsuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shota Kamibashira
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takanori Koitaya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuya Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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4
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Domínguez-Flores F, Kiljunen T, Groß A, Sakong S, Melander MM. Metal-water interface formation: Thermodynamics from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:044705. [PMID: 39056392 DOI: 10.1063/5.0220576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-water interfaces are central to many electrochemical, (electro)catalytic, and materials science processes and systems. However, our current understanding of their thermodynamic properties is limited by the scarcity of accurate experimental and computational data and procedures. In this work, thermodynamic quantities for metal-water interface formation are computed for a range of FCC(111) surfaces (Pd, Pt, Au, Ag, Rh, and PdAu) through extensive density functional theory based molecular dynamics and the two-phase entropy model. We show that metal-water interface formation is thermodynamically favorable and that most metal surfaces studied in this work are completely wettable, i.e., have contact angles of zero. Interfacial water has higher entropy than bulk water due to the increased population of low-frequency translational modes. The entropic contributions also correlate with the orientational water density, and the highest solvation entropies are observed for interfaces with a moderately ordered first water layer; the entropic contributions account for up to ∼25% of the formation free energy. Water adsorption energy correlates with the water orientation and structure and is found to be a good descriptor of the internal energy part of the interface formation free energy, but it alone cannot satisfactorily explain the interfacial thermodynamics; the interface formation is driven by the competition between energetic and entropic contributions. The obtained results and insight can be used to develop, parameterize, and benchmark theoretical and computational methods for studying metal-water interfaces. Overall, our study yields benchmark-quality data and fundamental insight into the thermodynamic forces driving metal-water interface formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Domínguez-Flores
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Toni Kiljunen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sung Sakong
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marko M Melander
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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5
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Levell Z, Le J, Yu S, Wang R, Ethirajan S, Rana R, Kulkarni A, Resasco J, Lu D, Cheng J, Liu Y. Emerging Atomistic Modeling Methods for Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8620-8656. [PMID: 38990563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous electrocatalysis lies at the center of various technologies that could help enable a sustainable future. However, its complexity makes it challenging to accurately and efficiently model at an atomic level. Here, we review emerging atomistic methods to simulate the electrocatalytic interface with special attention devoted to the components/effects that have been challenging to model, such as solvation, electrolyte ions, electrode potential, reaction kinetics, and pH. Additionally, we review relevant computational spectroscopy methods. Then, we showcase several examples of applying these methods to understand and design catalysts relevant to green hydrogen. We also offer experimental views on how to bridge the gap between theory and experiments. Finally, we provide some perspectives on opportunities to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Levell
- Texas Materials Institute and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jiabo Le
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Saerom Yu
- Texas Materials Institute and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Texas Materials Institute and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sudheesh Ethirajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Rachita Rana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ambarish Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Joaquin Resasco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Deyu Lu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Laboratory of AI for Electrochemistry (AI4EC), Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuanyue Liu
- Texas Materials Institute and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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6
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Partanen L, Laasonen K. Ab initio molecular dynamics investigation of the Pt(111)-water interface structure in an alkaline environment with high surface OH-coverages. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:18233-18243. [PMID: 38904188 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01100g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the structure of the Pt(111)-water interface in an alkaline environment with large OH coverages of 1/3, 2/3 and 1 monolayer using a large well-equilibrated system. We observe that the OH coverage influences both the orientational distribution of the water molecules and their density, with more structure associated with higher coverage. At the same time, there is evidence of a highly dynamic hydrogen bond network on the lower coverage systems with substantial exchange of water between the surface and the solvent. In addition to OH and H2O species, which are preferentially located at the top sites, the 1/3 and 2/3 monolayer surfaces also contain O atoms, which are relatively stable and prefer the hollow sites. In contrast, the 1 monolayer surface shows none of these dynamics, and is unlikely to be active. The dynamic coexistence of O, OH and H2O on Pt(111) electrodes in alkaline conditions necessitates the investigation of several possible reaction paths for processess like ORR and water splitting. Finally, the exchange processes observed between the solvent and the interface underscore the need to explicitly include liquid water in simulations of systems similar to Pt(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Partanen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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7
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Zhai Z, Chen Q, Wang Y, Ren W, Guo P. Orientational dynamics of the water layer adjacent to Au surface accelerated by polarization effect. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:234704. [PMID: 38884408 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The orientation and rearrangement of water on a gold electrode significantly influences its physicochemical heterogeneous performance. Despite numerous experimental and theoretical studies aimed at uncovering the structural characteristics of interfacial water, the orientational behavior resulting from electrode-induced rearrangements remains a subject of ongoing debate. Here, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the adaptive structure and dynamics properties of interfacial water on Au(111) and Au(100) surfaces by considering a polarizable model for Au atoms in comparison with the non-polarizable model. Compared to the nonpolarizable systems, the polarization effect can enhance the interaction between water molecules and the gold surface. Unexpectedly, the rotational dynamics directly associated with the orientational behavior of water adjacent to the gold surface is accelerated, thereby reducing the hydrogen bond lifetime. The underlying mechanism for this anomalous phenomenon originates from the polarization effect, which induces the attraction of the positive hydrogen atoms to the surface by the negative image charge. This leads to a change in orientation that disrupts the hydrogen bonds in the first water layer and subsequently accelerates reorientation dynamics of water molecules adjacent to the gold surface. These results shed light on the intricate interplay between polarization effects and water molecule dynamics on metal surfaces, establishing the foundation for the rational regulation of the orientation of interfacial water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Zhai
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Pan Guo
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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8
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Buraschi M, Horsfield AP, Cucinotta CS. Revealing Interface Polarization Effects on the Electrical Double Layer with Efficient Open Boundary Simulations under Potential Control. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4872-4879. [PMID: 38682685 PMCID: PMC11089570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A major challenge in modeling interfacial processes in electrochemical (EC) devices is performing simulations at constant potential. This requires an open-boundary description of the electrons, so that they can enter and leave the computational cell. To enable realistic modeling of EC processes under potential control we have interfaced density functional theory with the hairy probe method in the weak coupling limit (Zauchner et al. Phys. Rev. B 2018, 97, 045116). Our implementation was systematically tested using simple parallel-plate capacitor models with pristine surfaces and a single layer of adsorbed water molecules. Remarkably, our code's efficiency is comparable with a standard DFT calculation. We reveal that local field effects at the electrical double layer induced by the change of applied potential can significantly affect the energies of chemical steps in heterogeneous electrocatalysis. Our results demonstrate the importance of an explicit modeling of the applied potential in a simulation and provide an efficient tool to control this critical parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Buraschi
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Andrew P. Horsfield
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Thomas
Young Centre, London, U.K.
| | - Clotilde S. Cucinotta
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Thomas
Young Centre, London, U.K.
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9
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Tran B, Zhou Y, Janik MJ, Milner ST. Negative Dielectric Constant of Water at a Metal Interface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:248001. [PMID: 38181128 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.248001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Water polarizability at a metal interface plays an essential role in electrochemistry. We devise a classical molecular dynamics approach with an efficient description of metal polarization and a novel ac field method to measure the local dielectric response of interfacial water. Water adlayers next to the metal surface exhibit higher-than-bulk in-plane and negative out-of-plane dielectric constants, the latter corresponding physically to overscreening of the applied field. If we account for the gap region at the interface, the average out-of-plane dielectric constant is quite low (ε_{⊥}≈2), in agreement with reported measurements on confined thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolton Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Yuxing Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Michael J Janik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Scott T Milner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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10
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Huang J, Zhang Y, Li M, Groß A, Sakong S. Comparing Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics and a Semiclassical Grand Canonical Scheme for the Electric Double Layer of the Pt(111)/Water Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2354-2363. [PMID: 36848227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The theoretical modeling of metal/water interfaces centers on an appropriate configuration of the electric double layer (EDL) under grand canonical conditions. In principle, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations would be the appropriate choice for treating the competing water-water and water-metal interactions and explicitly considering the atomic and electronic degrees of freedom. However, this approach only allows simulations of relatively small canonical ensembles over a limited period (shorter than 100 ps). On the other hand, computationally efficient semiclassical approaches can treat the EDL model based on a grand canonical scheme by averaging the microscopic details. Thus, an improved description of the EDL can be obtained by combining AIMD simulations and semiclassical methods based on a grand canonical scheme. By taking the Pt(111)/water interface as an example, we compare these approaches in terms of the electric field, water configuration, and double-layer capacitance. Furthermore, we discuss how the combined merits of the approaches can contribute to advances in EDL theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- IEK-13, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Yufan Zhang
- IEK-13, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mengru Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sung Sakong
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Huang J. Density-Potential Functional Theory of Electrochemical Double Layers: Calibration on the Ag(111)-KPF 6 System and Parametric Analysis. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:1003-1013. [PMID: 36651849 PMCID: PMC9933430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The density-potential functional theory (DPFT) of electrochemical double layer (EDL) is upgraded by adopting (generalized) gradient approximations for kinetic, exchange, and correlation functionals of metal electrons. A new numerical scheme that is more stable and converges faster is proposed to solve the DPFT model. The DPFT model is calibrated with existing differential double-layer capacitance (Cdl) data of the EDL at Ag(111)-KPF6 aqueous interface at five concentrations at room temperature. Metal electronic effects are essential to explain why the two peaks of the camel-shaped Cdl curves are almost symmetric in spite of the size difference of the hydrated cations and anions. A systematic parametric analysis is then conducted in terms of key EDL properties, including the potential of zero charge and the differential capacitance. The parametric analysis, on the one hand, elucidates how quantum mechanical behaviors of metal electrons as well as interactions between metal electrons and the electrolyte solution impact the EDL properties and, on the other hand, identifies key parameters of the DPFT model, which should be calibrated using first-principles calculations and/or advanced experiments in the future.
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12
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Huang J, Climent V, Groß A, Feliu JM. Understanding surface charge effects in electrocatalysis. Part 2: Hydrogen peroxide reactions at platinum. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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13
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Chen A, Le JB, Kuang Y, Cheng J. Modeling stepped Pt/water interfaces at potential of zero charge with ab initio molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:094702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is worthwhile to understand the potentials of zero charge (PZCs) and structures of stepped metal/water interfaces, because for many electrocatalytic reactions stepped surfaces are more active than atomically flat surfaces. Herein, a series of stepped Pt/water interfaces are modeled at different step densities with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). It is found that the structures of Pt/water interfaces are significantly influenced by the step density, particularly for the distribution of chemisorbed water. The step sites of metal surfaces are more preferred for water chemisorption than the terrace sites, and until the step density is very low, water will chemisorb on the terrace. In addition, it is revealed that the PZCs of stepped Pt/water interfaces are generally smaller than that of Pt(111), and the difference is mainly attributed to the difference in the work function, providing a simple way to estimate the PZCs of stepped metal surfaces. Finally, it is interesting to see that the Volta potential difference is almost same for Pt/water interfaces with different step densities, although their interface structures and magnitude of charge transfer clearly differ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia-Bo Le
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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14
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Fogarty RM, Li BX, Harrison NM, Horsfield AP. Structure and interactions at the Mg(0001)/water interface: An ab initio study. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:244702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0093562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular level understanding of metal/bulk water interface structure is key for a wide range of processes, including aqueous corrosion, which is our focus, but their buried nature makes experimental investigation difficult and we must mainly rely on simulations. We investigate the Mg(0001)/water interface using second generation Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics (MD) to gain structural information, combined with static density functional theory calculations to probe the atomic interactions and electronic structure (e.g., calculating the potential of zero charge). By performing detailed structural analyses of both metal–surface atoms and the near-surface water, we find that, among other insights: (i) water adsorption causes significant surface roughening (the planar distribution for top-layer Mg has two peaks separated by [Formula: see text]), (ii) strongly adsorbed water covers only [Formula: see text] of available surface sites, and (iii) adsorbed water avoids clustering on the surface. Static calculations are used to gain a deeper understanding of the structuring observed in MD. For example, we use an energy decomposition analysis combined with calculated atomic charges to show that adsorbate clustering is unfavorable due to Coulombic repulsion between adsorption site surface atoms. Results are discussed in the context of previous simulations carried out on other metal/water interfaces. The largest differences for the Mg(0001)/water system appear to be the high degree of surface distortion and the minimal difference between the metal work function and metal/water potential of zero charge (at least compared to other interfaces with similar metal–water interaction strengths). The structural information, in this paper, is important for understanding aqueous Mg corrosion, as the Mg(0001)/water interface is the starting point for key reactions. Furthermore, our focus on understanding the driving forces behind this structuring leads to important insights for general metal/water interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Fogarty
- Department of Materials and Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - B. X. Li
- Department of Materials and Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N. M. Harrison
- Department of Materials and Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A. P. Horsfield
- Department of Materials and Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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15
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Korpelin V, Kiljunen T, Melander MM, Caro MA, Kristoffersen HH, Mammen N, Apaja V, Honkala K. Addressing Dynamics at Catalytic Heterogeneous Interfaces with DFT-MD: Anomalous Temperature Distributions from Commonly Used Thermostats. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2644-2652. [PMID: 35297635 PMCID: PMC8959310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory-based molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) has been widely used for studying the chemistry of heterogeneous interfacial systems under operational conditions. We report frequently overlooked errors in thermostated or constant-temperature DFT-MD simulations applied to study (electro)catalytic chemistry. Our results demonstrate that commonly used thermostats such as Nosé-Hoover, Berendsen, and simple velocity-rescaling methods fail to provide a reliable temperature description for systems considered. Instead, nonconstant temperatures and large temperature gradients within the different parts of the system are observed. The errors are not a "feature" of any particular code but are present in several ab initio molecular dynamics implementations. This uneven temperature distribution, due to inadequate thermostatting, is well-known in the classical MD community, where it is ascribed to the failure in kinetic energy equipartition among different degrees of freedom in heterogeneous systems (Harvey et al. J. Comput. Chem. 1998, 726-740) and termed the flying ice cube effect. We provide tantamount evidence that interfacial systems are susceptible to substantial flying ice cube effects and demonstrate that the traditional Nosé-Hoover and Berendsen thermostats should be applied with care when simulating, for example, catalytic properties or structures of solvated interfaces and supported clusters. We conclude that the flying ice cube effect in these systems can be conveniently avoided using Langevin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Korpelin
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Toni Kiljunen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marko M. Melander
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Miguel A. Caro
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Nisha Mammen
- Department
of Physics,Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box
35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vesa Apaja
- Department
of Physics,Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box
35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Karoliina Honkala
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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16
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Li P, Liu Y, Chen S. Microscopic EDL Structures and Charge-Potential Relation on Stepped Platinum Surface: Insights from the Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:104701. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0080104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, China
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17
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Abstract
Structures and processes at water/metal interfaces play an important technological role in electrochemical energy conversion and storage, photoconversion, sensors, and corrosion, just to name a few. However, they are also of fundamental significance as a model system for the study of solid-liquid interfaces, which requires combining concepts from the chemistry and physics of crystalline materials and liquids. Particularly interesting is the fact that the water-water and water-metal interactions are of similar strength so that the structures at water/metal interfaces result from a competition between these comparable interactions. Because water is a polar molecule and water and metal surfaces are both polarizable, explicit consideration of the electronic degrees of freedom at water/metal interfaces is mandatory. In principle, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are thus the method of choice to model water/metal interfaces, but they are computationally still rather demanding. Here, ab initio simulations of water/metal interfaces will be reviewed, starting from static systems such as the adsorption of single water molecules, water clusters, and icelike layers, followed by the properties of liquid water layers at metal surfaces. Technical issues such as the appropriate first-principles description of the water-water and water-metal interactions will be discussed, and electrochemical aspects will be addressed. Finally, more approximate but numerically less demanding approaches to treat water at metal surfaces from first-principles will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany.,Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sung Sakong
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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18
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Realistic Modelling of Dynamics at Nanostructured Interfaces Relevant to Heterogeneous Catalysis. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this short review is directed towards investigations of the dynamics of nanostructured metallic heterogeneous catalysts and the evolution of interfaces during reaction—namely, the metal–gas, metal–liquid, and metal–support interfaces. Indeed, it is of considerable interest to know how a metal catalyst surface responds to gas or liquid adsorption under reaction conditions, and how its structure and catalytic properties evolve as a function of its interaction with the support. This short review aims to offer the reader a birds-eye view of state-of-the-art methods that enable more realistic simulation of dynamical phenomena at nanostructured interfaces by exploiting resource-efficient methods and/or the development of computational hardware and software.
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19
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Ringe S, Hörmann NG, Oberhofer H, Reuter K. Implicit Solvation Methods for Catalysis at Electrified Interfaces. Chem Rev 2021; 122:10777-10820. [PMID: 34928131 PMCID: PMC9227731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Implicit solvation
is an effective, highly coarse-grained approach
in atomic-scale simulations to account for a surrounding liquid electrolyte
on the level of a continuous polarizable medium. Originating in molecular
chemistry with finite solutes, implicit solvation techniques are now
increasingly used in the context of first-principles modeling of electrochemistry
and electrocatalysis at extended (often metallic) electrodes. The
prevalent ansatz to model the latter electrodes and the reactive surface
chemistry at them through slabs in periodic boundary condition supercells
brings its specific challenges. Foremost this concerns the difficulty
of describing the entire double layer forming at the electrified solid–liquid
interface (SLI) within supercell sizes tractable by commonly employed
density functional theory (DFT). We review liquid solvation methodology
from this specific application angle, highlighting in particular its
use in the widespread ab initio thermodynamics approach
to surface catalysis. Notably, implicit solvation can be employed
to mimic a polarization of the electrode’s electronic density
under the applied potential and the concomitant capacitive charging
of the entire double layer beyond the limitations of the employed
DFT supercell. Most critical for continuing advances of this effective
methodology for the SLI context is the lack of pertinent (experimental
or high-level theoretical) reference data needed for parametrization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ringe
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.,Energy Science & Engineering Research Center, Daegu Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicolas G Hörmann
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Harald Oberhofer
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany.,Chair for Theoretical Physics VII and Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Dávila López AC, Eggert T, Reuter K, Hörmann NG. Static and dynamic water structures at interfaces: A case study with focus on Pt(111). J Chem Phys 2021; 155:194702. [PMID: 34800953 DOI: 10.1063/5.0067106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate atomistic treatment of aqueous solid-liquid interfaces necessitates the explicit description of interfacial water ideally via ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Many applications, however, still rely on static interfacial water models, e.g., for the computation of (electro)chemical reaction barriers and focus on a single, prototypical structure. In this work, we systematically study the relation between density functional theory-derived static and dynamic interfacial water models with specific focus on the water-Pt(111) interface. We first introduce a general construction protocol for static 2D water layers on any substrate, which we apply to the low index surfaces of Pt. Subsequently, we compare these with structures from a broad selection of reference works based on the Smooth Overlap of Atomic Positions descriptor. The analysis reveals some structural overlap between static and dynamic water ensembles; however, static structures tend to overemphasize the in-plane hydrogen bonding network. This feature is especially pronounced for the widely used low-temperature hexagonal ice-like structure. In addition, a complex relation between structure, work function, and adsorption energy is observed, which suggests that the concentration on single, static water models might introduce systematic biases that are likely reduced by averaging over consistently created structural ensembles, as introduced here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thorben Eggert
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas G Hörmann
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Li XY, Chen A, Yang XH, Zhu JX, Le JB, Cheng J. Linear Correlation between Water Adsorption Energies and Volta Potential Differences for Metal/water Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7299-7304. [PMID: 34319117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potential of zero charge (PZC) is an important reference for understanding the interface charge and structure at a given potential, and its difference from the work function of metal surface (ΦM) is defined as the Volta potential difference (ΔΦ). In this work, we model 11 metal/water interfaces with ab initio molecular dynamics. Interestingly, we find ΔΦ is linearly correlated with the adsorption energy of water (Eads) on the metal surface. It is revealed that the size of Eads directly determines the coverage of chemisorbed water on the metal surface and accordingly affects the interface potential change caused by electron redistribution (ΔΦel). Moreover, ΔΦ is dominated by the electronic component ΔΦel with little orientational dipole contributing, which explains the linear correlation between ΔΦ and Eads. Finally, it is expected that this correlation can be helpful for effectively estimating the ΔΦel and PZC of other metal surfaces in the future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia-Bo Le
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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22
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Kronberg R, Laasonen K. Reconciling the Experimental and Computational Hydrogen Evolution Activities of Pt(111) through DFT-Based Constrained MD Simulations. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kronberg
- Research Group of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Research Group of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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23
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Le JB, Chen A, Li L, Xiong JF, Lan J, Liu YP, Iannuzzi M, Cheng J. Modeling Electrified Pt(111)-H ad/Water Interfaces from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics. JACS AU 2021; 1:569-577. [PMID: 34467320 PMCID: PMC8395682 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the atomistic structures of electric double layers (EDL) at electrified interfaces is of paramount importance for understanding the mechanisms of electrocatalytic reactions and rationally designing electrode materials with better performance. Despite numerous efforts dedicated in the past, a molecular level understanding of the EDL is still lacking. Combining the state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and recently developed computational standard hydrogen electrode (cSHE) method, it is possible to realistically simulate the EDL under well-defined electrochemical conditions. In this work, we report extensive AIMD calculation of the electrified Pt(111)-Had/water interfaces at the saturation coverage of adsorbed hydrogen (Had) corresponding to the typical hydrogen evolution reaction conditions. We calculate the electrode potentials of a series of EDL models with various surface charge densities using the cSHE method and further obtain the Helmholtz capacitance that agrees with experiment. Furthermore, the AIMD simulations allow for detailed structural analyses of the electrified interfaces, such as the distribution of adsorbate Had and the structures of interface water and counterions, which can in turn explain the computed dielectric property of interface water. Our calculation provides valuable molecular insight into the electrified interfaces and a solid basis for understanding a variety of electrochemical processes occurring inside the EDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bo Le
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Ningbo
Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Ao Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing-Fang Xiong
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yun-Pei Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jun Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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24
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Surendralal S, Todorova M, Neugebauer J. Impact of Water Coadsorption on the Electrode Potential of H-Pt(1 1 1)-Liquid Water Interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:166802. [PMID: 33961474 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.166802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations of H-covered Pt(111)-H_{2}O interfaces reveal that, in contrast to common understanding, H_{2}O coadsorption has a significant impact on the electrode potential of and plays a major role in determining the stability of H adsorbates under electrochemical conditions. Based on these insights, we explain the origin behind the experimentally observed upper limit of H coverage well below one monolayer and derive a chemically intuitive model for metal-water bonding that explains an unexpectedly large interaction between coadsorbed water and adsorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarsan Surendralal
- Department of Computational Materials Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mira Todorova
- Department of Computational Materials Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Neugebauer
- Department of Computational Materials Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
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25
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Goldsmith ZK, Calegari Andrade MF, Selloni A. Effects of applied voltage on water at a gold electrode interface from ab initio molecular dynamics. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5865-5873. [PMID: 34168811 PMCID: PMC8179682 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00354b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrode–water interfaces under voltage bias demonstrate anomalous electrostatic and structural properties that are influential in their catalytic and technological applications. Mean-field and empirical models of the electrical double layer (EDL) that forms in response to an applied potential do not capture the heterogeneity that polarizable, liquid-phase water molecules engender. To illustrate the inhomogeneous nature of the electrochemical interface, Born–Oppenheimer ab initio molecular dynamics calculations of electrified Au(111) slabs interfaced with liquid water were performed using a combined explicit–implicit solvent approach. The excess charges localized on the model electrode were held constant and the electrode potentials were computed at frequent simulation times. The electrode potential in each trajectory fluctuated with changes in the atomic structure, and the trajectory-averaged potentials converged and yielded a physically reasonable differential capacitance for the system. The effects of the average applied voltages, both positive and negative, on the structural, hydrogen bonding, dynamical, and vibrational properties of water were characterized and compared to literature where applicable. Controlled-potential simulations of the interfacial solvent dynamics provide a framework for further investigation of more complex or reactive species in the EDL and broadly for understanding electrochemical interfaces in situ. Ab initio molecular dynamics of an aqueous electrode interface reveal the electrostatic, structural, and dynamic effects of quantifiable voltage biases on water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annabella Selloni
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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26
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Le JB, Fan QY, Li JQ, Cheng J. Molecular origin of negative component of Helmholtz capacitance at electrified Pt(111)/water interface. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/41/eabb1219. [PMID: 33028519 PMCID: PMC7541063 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrified solid/liquid interfaces are the key to many physicochemical processes in a myriad of areas including electrochemistry and colloid science. With tremendous efforts devoted to this topic, it is unexpected that molecular-level understanding of electric double layers is still lacking. Particularly, it is perplexing why compact Helmholtz layers often show bell-shaped differential capacitances on metal electrodes, as this would suggest a negative capacitance in some layer of interface water. Here, we report state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of electrified Pt(111)/water interfaces, aiming at unraveling the structure and capacitive behavior of interface water. Our calculation reproduces the bell-shaped differential Helmholtz capacitance and shows that the interface water follows the Frumkin adsorption isotherm when varying the electrode potential, leading to a peculiar negative capacitive response. Our work provides valuable insight into the structure and capacitance of interface water, which can help understand important processes in electrocatalysis and energy storage in supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bo Le
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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27
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Clabaut P, Fleurat-Lessard P, Michel C, Steinmann SN. Ten Facets, One Force Field: The GAL19 Force Field for Water-Noble Metal Interfaces. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4565-4578. [PMID: 32413265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the structure of the water/metal interfaces plays an important role in many areas ranging from surface chemistry to environmental processes. The size, required phase-space sampling, and the slow diffusion of molecules at the water/metal interfaces motivate the development of accurate force fields. We develop and parametrize GAL19, a novel force field, to describe the interaction of water with two facets (111 and 100) of five metals (Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Cu). To increase transferability compared to its predecessor GAL17, the water-metal interaction is described as a sum of pairwise terms. The interaction energy has three contributions: (i) physisorption is described via a Tang and Toennies potential, (ii) chemisorption and surface corrugation rely on an attractive Gaussian term, and (iii) the angular dependence is explicitly included as a truncated Fourier series. Thirteen parameters are used for each metal surface and were fitted on 250 water adsorption energies computed at the PBE+dDsC level. The performance of GAL19 was evaluated on a set of more than 600 DFT adsorption energies for each surface, leading to an average root-mean-square deviation of only 1 kcal/mol, correctly reproducing the adsorption trends: strong on Pt and Pd but weaker on Ag, Au, and Cu. This force field was then used to simulate the water/metal interface for all ten surfaces for 1 ns. Structural analyses reveal similar tendencies for all surfaces: a first, dense water layer that is mostly adsorbed on the metal top sites and a second layer up to around 6 Å, which is less structured. On Pt and Pd, the first layer is strongly organized with water lying flat on the surface. The pairwise additive functional form allows one to simulate the water adsorption on alloys, which is demonstrated at the example of Ag/Cu and Au/Pt alloys. The water/Ag-Cu interface is predicted to be disordered with water mostly adsorbed on Cu which should exacerbate the Ag reactivity. On the contrary, incorporating Pt into Au materials leads to a structuring of the water interface. Our promising results make GAL19 an ideal candidate to get representative sampling of complex metal/water interfaces as a first step toward accurate estimation of free energies of reactions in solution at the metal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Clabaut
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratorie de Chimie, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Paul Fleurat-Lessard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Carine Michel
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratorie de Chimie, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Stephan N Steinmann
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratorie de Chimie, 46 allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
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28
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Schwarz K, Sundararaman R. The electrochemical interface in first-principles calculations. SURFACE SCIENCE REPORTS 2020; 75:10.1016/j.surfrep.2020.100492. [PMID: 34194128 PMCID: PMC8240516 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfrep.2020.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
First-principles predictions play an important role in understanding chemistry at the electrochemical interface. Electronic structure calculations are straightforward for vacuum interfaces, but do not easily account for the interfacial fields and solvation that fundamentally change the nature of electrochemical reactions. Prevalent techniques for first-principles prediction of electrochemical processes range from expensive explicit solvation using ab initio molecular dynamics, through a hierarchy of continuum solvation techniques, to neglecting solvation and interfacial field effects entirely. Currently, no single approach reliably captures all relevant effects of the electrochemical double layer in first-principles calculations. This review systematically lays out the relation between all major approaches to first-principles electrochemistry, including the key approximations and their consequences for accuracy and computational cost. Focusing on ab initio methods for thermodynamic properties of aqueous interfaces, we first outline general considerations for modeling electrochemical interfaces, including solvent and electrolyte dynamics and electrification. We then present the specifics of various explicit and implicit models of the solvent and electrolyte. Finally, we discuss the compromise between computational efficiency and accuracy, and identify key outstanding challenges and future opportunities in the wide range of techniques for first-principles electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Schwarz
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Ravishankar Sundararaman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, New York 12180, USA
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29
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Bramley G, Nguyen MT, Glezakou VA, Rousseau R, Skylaris CK. Reconciling Work Functions and Adsorption Enthalpies for Implicit Solvent Models: A Pt (111)/Water Interface Case Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2703-2715. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bramley
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Roger Rousseau
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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30
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Sakong S, Groß A. Water structures on a Pt(111) electrode from ab initio molecular dynamic simulations for a variety of electrochemical conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10431-10437. [PMID: 31976502 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A structural analysis of solvating water layers on a Pt(111) electrode has been performed based on extensive ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We have emulated different electrochemical conditions by varying the concentration of hydrogen ions in the water layers, which effectively corresponds to a variation in the electrode potential. We present a detailed analysis of the arrangement and orientation of the water molecules and also address their mobility in the solvation layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Sakong
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, and Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
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Dávila López AC, Pehlke E. DFT study of Au self-diffusion on Au(001) in the presence of a Cl adlayer. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eckhard Pehlke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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32
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Magnussen OM, Groß A. Toward an Atomic-Scale Understanding of Electrochemical Interface Structure and Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4777-4790. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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NAKANOA H, SATO H. Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Metal Electrodes-Electrolyte Interface. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.2018-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi NAKANOA
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University
| | - Hirofumi SATO
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University
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34
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Rice PS, Mao Y, Guo C, Hu P. Interconversion of hydrated protons at the interface between liquid water and platinum. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:5932-5940. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07511e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The free energy barriers for hydrogen transfer at the H2O/Pt(111) interface calculated usingab initiomolecular dynamics and umbrella sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Rice
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Queen's University of Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
| | - Yu Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Queen's University of Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
| | - Chenxi Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Queen's University of Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
| | - P. Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Queen's University of Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
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35
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Zhang Z, Ryu S, Ahn Y, Jang J. Molecular features of hydration layers probed by atomic force microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:30492-30501. [PMID: 30511076 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06126b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Structurally-ordered layers of water are universally formed on a solid surface in aqueous solution or under ambient conditions. Although such hydration layers are commonly probed via atomic force microscopy (AFM), the current understanding on how the hydration layers manifest themselves in an AFM experiment is far from complete. By using molecular dynamics simulation, we investigate the hydration layers on a hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface probed by a nanoscale tip. We study the density and molecular orientation of water, the free energy, and the force on the tip by varying the tip-surface distance. The force-distance curve oscillates due to the transition between the mono-, bi-, and tri-layers of water confined between the tip and the surface. If both the tip and the surface are hydrophobic, water confined between the tip and the surface evaporates due to the dewetting transition, giving a hydrophobic force without oscillation. The periodicity of oscillation in the force differs from the structural periodicity of water. With a close proximity of the tip, the molecular dipoles align parallel to the surface, regardless of whether the tip and the surface are hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Zhang
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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Sakong S, Groß A. The electric double layer at metal-water interfaces revisited based on a charge polarization scheme. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:084705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Sakong
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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37
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Le J, Fan Q, Perez-Martinez L, Cuesta A, Cheng J. Theoretical insight into the vibrational spectra of metal–water interfaces from density functional theory based molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11554-11558. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00615f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory based molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the specific adsorption of surface water causes a red-shift of the O–H stretching frequency at the Pt–water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabo Le
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- China
| | - Qiyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- China
| | - Laura Perez-Martinez
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Zaragoza
- Zaragoza 50009
- Spain
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Angel Cuesta
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen AB24 3UE
- UK
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- China
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