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Li H, Xiao N, Jiang M, Long J, Li Z, Zhu Z. Advances of Transition Metal-Based Electrochemical Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensors for Glucose Analysis: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-37. [PMID: 38635407 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2339955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Glucose concentration is a crucial parameter for assessing human health. Over recent years, non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors have drawn considerable attention due to their substantial progress. This review explores the common mechanism behind the transition metal-based electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose molecules through classical electrocatalytic frameworks like the Pletcher model and the Hydrous Oxide-Adatom Mediator model (IHOAM), as well as the redox reactions at the transition metal centers. It further compiles the electrochemical characterization techniques, associated formulas, and their ensuing conclusions pertinent to transition metal-based non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors. Subsequently, the review covers the latest advancements in the field of transition metal-based active materials and support materials used in non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors in the last decade (2014-2023). Additionally, it presents a comprehensive classification of representative studies according to the active metal catalysts components involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyi Jiang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Long
- Danyang Development Zone, Jiangsu Yuwell-POCT Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Danyang, China
| | - Zhanhong Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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2
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Bansal R, Hald N, Garcia-Segura S. Towards the design of mechanical flexible electrodes for sensing: Self-standing polypyrrole-copper nanocomposites. Talanta 2024; 266:125037. [PMID: 37567122 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-standing electrodes with intrinsic conductivity and high electrocatalytic activity emerge as an alternative to existing sensors given their promising flexibility and wearability. Herein we demonstrate the fabrication of flexible sensors based on a hybrid nanocomposite of self-supported polypyrrole electrodes modified with copper nanoparticles (PPy-Cu) for the electrochemical detection of dopamine. The surface morphology and composition of flexible nanocomposite electrodes was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in combination with elemental mapping through energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Surface characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that copper exists in both Cu(0) and Cu(II) forms. The incorporation of copper nanoparticles in the self-standing polypyrrole matrix introduced additional electroactive sites, further enhancing charge transfer, and improving the device's sensitivity. The sensing capability of self-standing PPy-Cu electrodes was evaluated using chronoamperometric measurements and optimized at various copper electrodeposition times. PPy-Cu 120s showed great performance for dopamine sensing with a low limit of detection of 1.19 μM and a linear range of 2.5 μM-250 μM. Additionally, the self-standing sensor is comprised entirely of Polypyrrole, a biocompatible polymer, and Copper nanoparticles, making it sustainable and environmentally friendly. These encouraging results pave the way for the development of next-generation flexible sensors for the detection of neurotransmitters and environmentally relevant analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Bansal
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, United States; School of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, United States
| | - Nessa Hald
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, United States; School of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, United States
| | - Sergi Garcia-Segura
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, United States.
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3
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Melaré AG, Barreto FC, Silva MKL, Simões RP, Cesarino I. Determination of Fluoxetine in Weight Loss Herbal Medicine Using an Electrochemical Sensor Based on rGO-CuNPs. Molecules 2023; 28:6361. [PMID: 37687190 PMCID: PMC10490002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising popularity of herbal medicine as a weight loss remedy, fueled by misleading propaganda, raises concerns about the manufacturing processes and potential inclusion of controlled substances such as fluoxetine (FLU). The objective of this work is to develop and evaluate the performance of an electrochemical device by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GC) with a nanocomposite based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) for detecting FLU in manipulated herbal medicines. Scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were applied for morphological and electrochemical characterization and analysis of the composite's electrochemical behavior. Under optimized conditions, the proposed sensor successfully detected FLU within the range of 0.6 to 1.6 µmol L-1, showing a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.14 µmol L-1. To determine the presence of FLU in herbal samples, known amounts of the analytical standard were added to the sample, and the analyses were performed using the standard addition method, yielding recoveries between -2.13 and 2.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ivana Cesarino
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (A.G.M.); (F.C.B.); (M.K.L.S.); (R.P.S.)
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4
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Anurag A, Al‐Hamry A, Attuluri Y, Palaniyappan S, Wagner G, Dentel D, Tegenkamp C, Kanoun O. Optimized Reduction of a Graphene Oxide‐MWCNT Composite with Electrochemically Deposited Copper Nanoparticles on Screen Printed Electrodes for a Wide Range of Detection of Nitrate. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adiraju Anurag
- Chair of Measurement and sensor technology Department of electrical engineering and information technology Chemnitz university of technology 09126 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Ammar Al‐Hamry
- Chair of Measurement and sensor technology Department of electrical engineering and information technology Chemnitz university of technology 09126 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Yashwanth Attuluri
- Chair of Measurement and sensor technology Department of electrical engineering and information technology Chemnitz university of technology 09126 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Saravanan Palaniyappan
- Chair of Composites and Material Compounds Institute of Material science and Engineering Chemnitz university of technology 09125 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Guntram Wagner
- Chair of Composites and Material Compounds Institute of Material science and Engineering Chemnitz university of technology 09125 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Doreen Dentel
- Analysis of solid surfaces Institute für Physik Chemnitz university of technology 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Christoph Tegenkamp
- Analysis of solid surfaces Institute für Physik Chemnitz university of technology 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Olfa Kanoun
- Chair of Measurement and sensor technology Department of electrical engineering and information technology Chemnitz university of technology 09126 Chemnitz Germany
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5
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Zhao C, Tang X, Zhao J, Cao J, Jiang Z, Qin J. MOF derived core-shell CuO/C with temperature-controlled oxygen-vacancy for real time analysis of glucose. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:507. [PMID: 36456946 PMCID: PMC9714170 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing oxygen-vacancy into the surface of the non-enzymatic sensor is supposed to be an effective way to improve inherently low catalytic activity and specificity of non-enzymatic sensors. In this work, CuO/C was synthesized at different temperatures using metal-organic frameworks as sacrificial templates to receive additional content of oxygen-vacancy. The product with the highest oxygen vacancy was found at 400 °C (named CuO/C-400 °C), which increased catalytically active sites and enhanced the charge-transfer efficiency. The sensing performance was afterward explored by amperometry under an optimal applied potential at 0.5 V (vs. SCE), presenting a broad detection range from 5.0 µM to 25.325 mM (R2 = 0.9998) with a sensitivity of 244.71 µA mM- 1 cm- 2, and a detection limit of 1 µM. Furthermore, the reliability and selectivity of CuO/C-400 °C sensors were extensively explored in the presence of artificial serum/saliva samples with gradient glucose concentrations. The human blood samples were also detected with high recoveries compared with the clinical Hexokinase method. Hence, the prepared CuO/C-400 °C sensor with a broad detection range and high selectivity can be applied for the diabetes diagnosis ex vivo without further dilution for real-time analysis in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246School of Medical Technology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246School of Medical Technology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jinge Zhao
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Cao
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenqi Jiang
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246School of Medical Technology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jieling Qin
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
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6
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A versatile nanozyme integrated colorimetric and photothermal lateral flow immunoassay for highly sensitive and reliable Aspergillus flavus detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 213:114435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Kumar S, Kaur P, Brar RS, Babu JN. Nanoscale zerovalent copper (nZVC) catalyzed environmental remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants: A review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10140. [PMID: 36042719 PMCID: PMC9420493 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the nano zerovalent copper has emerged as an effective nano-catalyst for the environment remediation processes due to its ease of synthesis, low cost, controllable particle size and high reactivity despite its release during the remediation process and related concentration dependent toxicities. However, the improvised techniques involving the use of supports or immobilizer for the synthesis of Cu0 has significantly increased its stability and motivated the researchers to explore the applicability of Cu0 for the environment remediation processes, which is evident from access to numerous reports on nano zerovalent copper mediated remediation of contaminants. Initially, this review allows the understanding of the various resources used to synthesize zerovalent copper nanomaterial and the structure of Cu0 nanoparticles, followed by focus on the reaction mechanism and the species involved in the contaminant remediation process. The studies comprehensively presented the application of nano zerovalent copper for remediation of organic/inorganic contaminants in combination with various oxidizing and reducing agents under oxic and anoxic conditions. Further, it was evaluated that the immobilizers or support combined with various irradiation sources originates a synergistic effect and have a significant effect on the stability and the redox properties of nZVC in the remediation process. Therefore, the review proposed that the future scope of research should include rigorous focus on deriving an exact mechanism for synergistic effect for the removal of contaminants by supported nZVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, 151302, Punjab, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, 151302, Punjab, India
| | | | - J Nagendra Babu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
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8
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Aun TT, Salleh NM, Ali UFM, Manan NSA. Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors Involving Copper: An Electrochemical Perspective. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:537-593. [PMID: 34477020 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1967720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on the use of copper and its oxides have emerged as promising candidates to replace enzymatic glucose sensors owing to their stability, ease of fabrication, and superior sensitivity. This review explains the theories of the mechanism of glucose oxidation on copper transition metal electrodes. It also presents an overview on the development of among the best non-enzymatic copper-based glucose sensors in the past 10 years. A brief description of methods, interesting findings, and important performance parameters are provided to inspire the reader and researcher to create new improvements in sensor design. Finally, several important considerations that pertain to the nano-structuring of the electrode surface is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Tiek Aun
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noordini Mohamad Salleh
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umi Fazara Md Ali
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Malaysia.,Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization (COEBU), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Malaysia
| | - Ninie Suhana Abdul Manan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Sudha V, Murugadoss G, Thangamuthu R. Structural and morphological tuning of Cu-based metal oxide nanoparticles by a facile chemical method and highly electrochemical sensing of sulphite. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3413. [PMID: 33564014 PMCID: PMC7873194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile one-step chemical method is introduced for the successful synthesis of Cu2O, CuO and CuNa2(OH)4 crystal structures and their electrochemical properties were also investigated. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that these copper-based oxide nanoparticles display different crystal structures such as cubic (Cu2O), monoclinic (CuO) and orthorhombic [CuNa2(OH)4]. The microstructural information of nanoparticles was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. It shows attractive morphologies of different orientation such as rod like structure, nanobeads and well-aligned uniform nanorod for Cu2O, CuO and CuNa2(OH)4, respectively. Electrochemical sensing of sulphite (SO32−) on these three copper-based oxide modified electrodes was investigated. Among the three different crystal structures, CuO shows promising electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of sulphite. A linear variation in peak current was obtained for SO32− oxidation from 0.2 to 15 mM under the optimum experimental condition. The sensitivity and detection limit were in the order of 48.5 µA cm−2 mM−1 and 1.8 µM, respectively. Finally, practical utility of CuO modified electrode was demonstrated for the estimation of sulphite in commercial wine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velayutham Sudha
- Electroorganic and Materials Electrochemistry (EME) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Govindhasamy Murugadoss
- Electroorganic and Materials Electrochemistry (EME) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India. .,Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 119, India.
| | - Rangasamy Thangamuthu
- Electroorganic and Materials Electrochemistry (EME) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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A Brief Description of Cyclic Voltammetry Transducer-Based Non-Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor Using Synthesized Graphene Electrodes. APPLIED SYSTEM INNOVATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/asi3030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The essential disadvantages of conventional glucose enzymatic biosensors such as high fabrication cost, poor stability of enzymes, pH value-dependent, and dedicated limitations, have been increasing the attraction of non-enzymatic glucose sensors research. Beneficially, patients with diabetes could use this type of sensor as a fourth-generation of glucose sensors with a very low cost and high performance. We demonstrate the most common acceptable transducer for a non-enzymatic glucose biosensor with a brief description of how it works. The review describes the utilization of graphene and its composites as new materials for high-performance non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. The electrochemical properties of graphene and the electrochemical characterization using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique of electrocatalysis electrodes towards glucose oxidation have been summarized. A recent synthesis method of the graphene-based electrodes for non-enzymatic glucose sensors have been introduced along with this study. Finally, the electrochemical properties such as linearity, sensitivity, and the limit of detection (LOD) for each sensor are introduced with a comparison with each other to figure out their strengths and weaknesses.
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Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of metal electrodeposition on graphene as the simplest building block of all graphitic materials is important for electrocatalysis and the creation of metal contacts in electronics. The present work investigates copper electrodeposition onto epitaxial graphene on 4H-SiC by experimental and computational techniques. The two subsequent single-electron transfer steps were coherently quantified by electrochemistry and density functional theory (DFT). The kinetic measurements revealed the instantaneous nucleation mechanism of copper (Cu) electrodeposition, controlled by the convergent diffusion of reactant to the limited number of nucleation sites. Cu can freely migrate across the electrode surface. These findings provide fundamental insights into the nature of copper reduction and nucleation mechanisms and can be used as a starting point for performing more sophisticated investigations and developing real applications.
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12
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In-situ facile preparation of highly efficient copper/nickel bimetallic nanocatalyst on chemically grafted carbon nanotubes for nonenzymatic sensing of glucose. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 557:825-836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Papi MA, Bergamini MF, Marcolino-Junior LH. Electrochemical behavior of a cation-exchange resin modified with copper ions on non-enzymatic glucose determination. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Krishnan SK, Singh E, Singh P, Meyyappan M, Nalwa HS. A review on graphene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8778-8881. [PMID: 35517682 PMCID: PMC9062009 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09577a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity and a low limit of detection, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, are important to the medical sciences and healthcare industry for evaluating physiological and metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Krishnan
- CONACYT-Instituto de Física
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Puebla 72570
- Mexico
| | - Eric Singh
- Department of Computer Science
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Pragya Singh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Meyya Meyyappan
- Center for Nanotechnology
- NASA Ames Research Center
- Moffett Field
- Mountain View
- USA
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15
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One-step green synthesis of colloidal gold nano particles: A potential electrocatalyst towards high sensitive electrochemical detection of methyl parathion in food samples. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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