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Wu T, Karimi-Maleh H, Dragoi EN, Puri P, Zhang D, Zhang Z. Traditional methods and biosensors for detecting disinfection by-products in water: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116935. [PMID: 37625534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pollution caused by disinfection by-products (DBPs) has become a global concern. Initially, there were fewer contaminants, and the mechanism of their generation was unclear; however, the number of contaminants has increased exponentially as a result of rapid industrialization and numerous economic activities (e.q., during the outbreak of COVID-19 a surge in the use of chlorinated disinfectants was observed). DBP toxicity results in various adverse health effects and organ failure in humans. In addition, it profoundly affects other forms of life, including animals, plants, and microorganisms. This review comprehensively discusses the pre-treatment methods of traditional and emerging DBPs and the technologies applied for their detection. Additionally, this paper provides a detailed discussion of the principles, applicability, and characteristics of traditional large-scale instrumentation methods (such as gas/liquid/ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) for detecting DBPs based on their respective detection techniques. At the same time, the design, functionality, classification, and characteristics of rapid detection technologies (such as biosensors) are also detailed and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, China
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, China; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Elena Niculina Dragoi
- Cristofor Simionescu Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, Bld. D Mangeron no 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - Paridhi Puri
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518110, China.
| | - Zhouxiang Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, China
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2
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Yang F, Ai Y, Li X, Wang L, Zhang Z, Ding W, Sun W. Preparation of electrochemical horseradish peroxidase biosensor with black phosphorene-zinc oxide nanocomposite and their applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32028-32038. [PMID: 37920196 PMCID: PMC10618940 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05148j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel and sensitive electrochemical biosensor was constructed based on a black phosphorene (BP) and nanosized zinc oxide (ZnO@BP) nanocomposite as a modifier, which was used for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on a carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE). The ZnO@BP nanocomposite was synthesized by a simple in situ hydrothermal method with stripped black phosphorus nanoplates and ZnO. The ZnO@BP and HRP-modified electrode was developed by a casting method. ZnO@BP with highly conductivity, large surface area and good biocompatibility could maintain the bioactivity of HRP and accelerate the electron transfer rate. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the direct electrochemistry of HRP on the Nafion/HRP/ZnO@BP/CILE with the appearance of a pair of distinct redox peaks. The constructed electrochemical HRP biosensor exhibited excellent electrocatalytic effects on the reduction of trichloroacetic acid and sodium nitrite. Real samples were detected with satisfactory results, which demonstrated the potential applications of this electrochemical HRP biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey Haikou 571127 China
| | - Yijing Ai
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- College of Health Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 China
| | - Lisi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Weipin Ding
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey Haikou 571127 China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
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3
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Alam A, Fatima B, Shafi S, Sarwar Z, Hussain D, Jawad SEZ, Majeed S, Imran M, Najam-Ul-Haq M. Facile synthesis of Ag@Fe 3O 4/ZnO nanomaterial for label-free electrochemical detection of methemoglobin in anemic patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8711. [PMID: 37248281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Methemoglobinemia (MetHb, Fe3+) is a chronic disease arising from the unequal distribution of oxyhemoglobin (HbFe2+, OHb) in the blood circulatory system. The oxidation of standard oxyhemoglobin forms methemoglobin, causing cyanosis (skin bluish staining). Methemoglobin cannot bind the pulmonary gaseous ligands such as oxygen (O2) and carbon monoxide (CO). As an oxidizing agent, the biochemical approach (MetHb, Fe3+) is modified in vitro by sodium nitrite (NaNO2). The silver-doped iron zinc oxide (Ag@Fe3O4/ZnO) is hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques for the electrochemical sensing of methemoglobin via cyclic voltammetry (CV). Detection parameters such as concentration, pH, scan rate, electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are optimized. The linear limit of detection for Ag@Fe3O4/ZnO is 0.17 µM. The stability is determined by 100 cycles of CV and chronoamperometry for 40 h. The serum samples of anemia patients with different hemoglobin levels (Hb) are analyzed using Ag@Fe3O4/ZnO modified biosensor. The sensor's stability, selectivity, and response suggest its use in methemoglobinemia monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub Alam
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Batool Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Sameera Shafi
- Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zohaib Sarwar
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Dilshad Hussain
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shan E Zahra Jawad
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Saadat Majeed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Najam-Ul-Haq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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Preparation and Application of Electrochemical Horseradish Peroxidase Sensor Based on a Black Phosphorene and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228064. [PMID: 36432164 PMCID: PMC9694212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To design a new electrochemical horseradish peroxidase (HRP) biosensor with excellent analytical performance, black phosphorene (BP) nanosheets and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) nanocomposites were used as the modifier, with a carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) as the substrate electrode. The SWCNTs-BP nanocomposite was synthesized by a simple in situ mixing procedure and modified on the CILE surface by the direct casting method. Then HRP was immobilized on the modified electrode with Nafion film. The electrocatalysis of this electrochemical HRP biosensor to various targets was further explored. Experimental results indicated that the direct electrochemistry of HRP was realized with a pair of symmetric and quasi-reversible redox peaks appeared, which was due to the presence of SWCNTs-BP on the surface of CILE, exhibiting synergistic effects with high electrical conductivity and good biocompatibility. Excellent electrocatalytic activity to trichloroacetic acid (TCA), sodium nitrite (NaNO2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were realized, with a wide linear range and a low detection limit. Different real samples, such as a medical facial peel solution, the soak water of pickled vegetables, and a 3% H2O2 disinfectant, were further analyzed, with satisfactory results, further proving the potential practical applications for the electrochemical biosensor.
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Fariba Beigmoradi, Hadi Beitollahi. MXene/La3+ Doped ZnO/Hb Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as Novel Voltammetric Sensor for Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s106837552106003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pandey RR, Chusuei CC. Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Carbon Dots as Electrochemical Biosensing Composites. Molecules 2021; 26:6674. [PMID: 34771082 PMCID: PMC8587008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have been extensively used as electrochemical sensing composites due to their interesting chemical, electronic, and mechanical properties giving rise to increased performance. Due to these materials' unknown long-term ecological fate, care must be given to make their use tractable. In this review, the design and use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon dots (CDs) as electrochemical sensing electrocatalysts applied to the working electrode surface are surveyed for various biosensing applications. Graphene and CDs are readily biodegradable as compared to CNTs. Design elements for CNTs that carry over to graphene and CDs include Coulombic attraction of components and using O or N atoms that serve as tethering points for attaching electrocatalytically active nanoparticles (NPs) and/or other additives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles C. Chusuei
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
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Kanoun O, Lazarević-Pašti T, Pašti I, Nasraoui S, Talbi M, Brahem A, Adiraju A, Sheremet E, Rodriguez RD, Ben Ali M, Al-Hamry A. A Review of Nanocomposite-Modified Electrochemical Sensors for Water Quality Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4131. [PMID: 34208587 PMCID: PMC8233775 DOI: 10.3390/s21124131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors play a significant role in detecting chemical ions, molecules, and pathogens in water and other applications. These sensors are sensitive, portable, fast, inexpensive, and suitable for online and in-situ measurements compared to other methods. They can provide the detection for any compound that can undergo certain transformations within a potential window. It enables applications in multiple ion detection, mainly since these sensors are primarily non-specific. In this paper, we provide a survey of electrochemical sensors for the detection of water contaminants, i.e., pesticides, nitrate, nitrite, phosphorus, water hardeners, disinfectant, and other emergent contaminants (phenol, estrogen, gallic acid etc.). We focus on the influence of surface modification of the working electrodes by carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanostructures, imprinted polymers and evaluate the corresponding sensing performance. Especially for pesticides, which are challenging and need special care, we highlight biosensors, such as enzymatic sensors, immunobiosensor, aptasensors, and biomimetic sensors. We discuss the sensors' overall performance, especially concerning real-sample performance and the capability for actual field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Kanoun
- Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.N.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
- Department of Physical Chemistry, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Igor Pašti
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Salem Nasraoui
- Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.N.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (A.A.-H.)
- NANOMISENE Lab, LR16CRMN01, Centre for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of Sousse, Technopole of Sousse B.P. 334, Sahloul, Sousse 4034, Tunisia;
- Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4003 Tunisia of Sousse, GREENS-ISSAT, Cité Ettafala, Ibn Khaldoun, Sousse 4003, Tunisia
| | - Malak Talbi
- Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.N.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (A.A.-H.)
- NANOMISENE Lab, LR16CRMN01, Centre for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of Sousse, Technopole of Sousse B.P. 334, Sahloul, Sousse 4034, Tunisia;
- Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4003 Tunisia of Sousse, GREENS-ISSAT, Cité Ettafala, Ibn Khaldoun, Sousse 4003, Tunisia
| | - Amina Brahem
- Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.N.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (A.A.-H.)
- NANOMISENE Lab, LR16CRMN01, Centre for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of Sousse, Technopole of Sousse B.P. 334, Sahloul, Sousse 4034, Tunisia;
- Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4003 Tunisia of Sousse, GREENS-ISSAT, Cité Ettafala, Ibn Khaldoun, Sousse 4003, Tunisia
| | - Anurag Adiraju
- Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.N.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Evgeniya Sheremet
- Research School of Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Raul D. Rodriguez
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Technologies, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Mounir Ben Ali
- NANOMISENE Lab, LR16CRMN01, Centre for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of Sousse, Technopole of Sousse B.P. 334, Sahloul, Sousse 4034, Tunisia;
- Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4003 Tunisia of Sousse, GREENS-ISSAT, Cité Ettafala, Ibn Khaldoun, Sousse 4003, Tunisia
| | - Ammar Al-Hamry
- Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.N.); (M.T.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (A.A.-H.)
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8
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Effect of the surface chemistry on the photoluminescence properties of boron doped carbon dots. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Hassanvand Z, Jalali F, Nazari M, Parnianchi F, Santoro C. Carbon Nanodots in Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maryam Nazari
- Faculty of Chemistry Razi University Kermanshah Iran
| | | | - Carlo Santoro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science The University of Manchester The Mill Sackville Street Manchester M13PAL UK
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10
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Cheng H, Liu J, Sun Y, Zhou T, Yang Q, Zhang S, Zhang X, Li G, Sun W. A fungus-derived biomass porous carbon-MnO 2 nanocomposite-modified electrode for the voltammetric determination of rutin. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42340-42348. [PMID: 35516740 PMCID: PMC9057972 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05739h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed a simple procedure for the synthesis of fungus-derived biomass porous carbon (FBPC), which was further used to prepare a MnO2@FBPC composite by a hydrothermal method. The MnO2@FBPC nanocomposite showed a porous structure, large specific surface area, and high conductivity, and was modified on the carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) to obtain a working electrode for the sensitive voltammetric determination of rutin. The electrochemical response of rutin was studied via cyclic voltammetry with electrochemical parameters calculated. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range for the rutin analysis was obtained by the differential pulse voltammetry from 0.008 to 700.0 μmol L-1 with the detection limit of 2.67 nmol L-1 (3σ). This MnO2@FBPC/CILE was applied to directly detect the rutin concentration in drug and human urine samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 P. R. China .,Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Yunxiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 P. R. China
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 P. R. China
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 P. R. China
| | - Guangjiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 P. R. China
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Walther BK, Dinu CZ, Guldi DM, Sergeyev VG, Creager SE, Cooke JP, Guiseppi-Elie A. Nanobiosensing with graphene and carbon quantum dots: Recent advances. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2020; 39:23-46. [PMID: 37974933 PMCID: PMC10653125 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and carbon quantum dots (GQDs and CQDs) are relatively new nanomaterials that have demonstrated impact in multiple different fields thanks to their unique quantum properties and excellent biocompatibility. Biosensing, analyte detection and monitoring wherein a key feature is coupled molecular recognition and signal transduction, is one such field that is being greatly advanced by the use of GQDs and CQDs. In this review, recent progress on the development of biotransducers and biosensors enabled by the creative use of GQDs and CQDs is reviewed, with special emphasis on how these materials specifically interface with biomolecules to improve overall analyte detection. This review also introduces nano-enabled biotransducers and different biosensing configurations and strategies, as well as highlights key properties of GQDs and CQDs that are pertinent to functional biotransducer design. Following relevant introductory material, the literature is surveyed with emphasis on work performed over the last 5 years. General comments and suggestions to advance the direction and potential of the field are included throughout the review. The strategic purpose is to inspire and guide future investigations into biosensor design for quality and safety, as well as serve as a primer for developing GQD- and CQD-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K. Walther
- Biosensors and Biochips (C3), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir G. Sergeyev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Stephen E. Creager
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - John P. Cooke
- Biosensors and Biochips (C3), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Biosensors and Biochips (C3), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- ABTECH Scientific, Inc., Biotechnology Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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Deng Y, Wen Z, Luo G, Xie H, Liu J, Xi Y, Li G, Sun W. Carbon Nitride Nanosheet and Myoglobin Modified Electrode for Electrochemical Sensing Investigations. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666190710223818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Carbon-based nanomaterials, especially carbon nitride (C3N4) has attracted
tremendous interest in biosensor applications. Meanwhile, the mechanism of redox protein sensing
and related electrocatalytic reactions can provide a valid basis for understanding the process of biological
redox reaction.
Objective:
The aim of this paper is to construct a new electrochemical enzyme sensor to achieve direct
electron transfer of myoglobin (Mb) on CILE surface and display electrocatalytic reduction activity
to catalyze trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and H2O2.
Methods:
The working electrode was fabricated based on ionic liquid modified Carbon Paste Electrode
(CILE) and C3N4 nanosheets were modified on the CILE surface, then Mb solution was fixed
on C3N4/CILE surface and immobilized by using Nafion film. The as-prepared biosensor displayed
satisfactory electrocatalytic ability towards the reduction of TCA and H2O2 in an optimum pH 7.0
buffer solution.
Results:
The results indicated that C3N4 modified electrode retained the activity of the enzyme and
displayed quasi-reversible redox behavior in an optimum pH 7.0 buffer solution. The electrochemical
parameters of the immobilized Mb on the electrode surface were further calculated with the results of
the electron transfer number (n) as 1.27, the charge transfer coefficient (α) as 0.53 and the electrontransfer
rate constant (ks) as 3.32 s-1, respectively. The Nafion/Mb/C3N4/CILE displayed outstanding
electrocatalytic reduction activity to catalyze trichloroacetic acid and H2O2.
Conclusion:
The Nafion/Mb/C3N4/CILE displayed outstanding electrocatalytic reduction, which
demonstrated the promising applications of C3N4 nanosheet in the field electrochemical biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Zuorui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Guiling Luo
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaru Xi
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Guangjiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
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13
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Mourzina YG, Offenhäusser A. Electrochemical properties and biomimetic activity of water-soluble meso-substituted Mn(III) porphyrin complexes in the electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Li X, Xie H, Luo G, Niu Y, Li X, Xi Y, Xiong Y, Chen Y, Sun W. Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of Hemoglobin Based on Graphene Quantum Dots Modified Electrode. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666181128144712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Graphene quantum dots (GQD) is a new member of carbon nanomaterial
that has attracted increasing attention owing to its better chemical inertness, low cytotoxicity, large
specific surface area, cheap cost, suitable conductivity and excellent biocompatibility.
Methods:
Electrochemical behaviors of this modified electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry
and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical investigations of Nafion/Hb/GQD/
CILE were carried out with electrochemical parameters calculated.
Results:
In the phosphate buffer solution with a pH value of 5.0, good linear relationships between
the catalytic reduction current and the concentration of substrate were got for TCA (6.0~100.0
mmol·L-1), NaNO2 (2.0~12.0 mmol·L-1) and H2O2 (6.0~30.0 mmol·L-1). The proposed method was
applied to NaNO2 concentration detection in soak water from picked vegetables with satisfactory results.
Conclusion:
This Nafion/Hb/GQD/CILE had a good bioelectrocatalytic activity to different substrates
such as trichloroacetic acid, NaNO2 and H2O2 reduction with the advantages including wide
detection range, low detection limit and good stability. Therefore, the application of GQD in electrochemical
sensor was extended in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Guiling Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yanyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yaru Xi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
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15
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WO3 quantum dots enhanced the photocatalytic performances of graphene oxide/TiO2 films under flowing dye solution. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Bonet-San-Emeterio M, Algarra M, Petković M, Del Valle M. Modification of electrodes with N-and S-doped carbon dots. Evaluation of the electrochemical response. Talanta 2020; 212:120806. [PMID: 32113568 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and sulphur-doped Carbons Dots (N-CDs and S-CDs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and incorporated as surface electrode modifiers to evaluate their properties for electrochemical sensing. The first task was to characterize the synthesized materials, for which different spectroscopies, scanning microscopes, mass spectrometry and elementary analysis were performed. Next, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was surface-modified with the doped CDs and applied to check the electrochemical signal of different organic compounds corresponding to different families. Water solubility of the doped carbon dots forced us to incorporate them in a graphite-polystyrene ink to complete the modification of electrodes. This modification needed a first activation to obtain a properly conductive surface. The organic compounds examined were salicylic acid, cysteine and ascorbic acid. The modified GCEs exhibited an enhanced sensitivity, probably caused by the increase of active surface, but in addition, signals of salicylic acid were shifted ca. 200 mV to lower potentials, what is a proof of the increase of the heterogeneous electron transfer rate, and a demonstration of an enhanced catalytic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bonet-San-Emeterio
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Algarra
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Marijana Petković
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manel Del Valle
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Wang L, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Will Any Crap We Put into Graphene Increase Its Electrocatalytic Effect? ACS NANO 2020; 14:21-25. [PMID: 31934742 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Materials Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Group, Solar Fuels Cluster, Departments of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 5 , Praha 6 166 28 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 5 , Praha 6 166 28 , Czech Republic
- Flexible Wearable Electronics (WearoniX) Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkyňova 656/123 , Brno CZ-616 00 , Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital , China Medical University , No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
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18
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Zhang W, Wang L, Yang Y, Gaskin P, Teng KS. Recent Advances on Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Organic Disinfection Byproducts in Water. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1138-1150. [PMID: 31012308 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible organ damage or even death frequently occurs when humans or animals unknowingly drink contaminated water. Therefore, in many countries drinking water is disinfected to ensure removal of harmful pathogens from drinking water. If upstream water treatment prior to disinfection is not adequate, disinfection byproducts (DBPs) can be formed. DBPs can exist as wide variety of compounds, but up until now, only several typical compounds have drinking water standards attributed to them. However, it is apparent that the range of DBPs present in water can comprise hundreds of compounds, some of which are at high enough concentrations to be toxic or potentially carcinogenic. Hence, it becomes increasingly significant and urgent to develop an accessible, affordable, and durable sensing platform for a broader range and more sensitive detection of DBPs. Compared with well-established laboratory detection techniques, electrochemical sensing has been identified as a promising alternative that will provide rapid, affordable, and sensitive DBP monitoring in remote water sources. Therefore, this Review covers current state-of-the-art development (within the past decade) in electrochemical sensing to detect organic DBPs in water, which covered three major aspects: (1) recognition mechanism, (2) electrodes with signal amplification, and (3) signal read-out techniques. Moreover, comprehensive quality assessments on electrochemical biosensors, including linear detection range, limit of detection (LoD) and recovery, have also been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
- Research Centre for Water Environment Technology, Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Lue Wang
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Yuesuo Yang
- College of Environment and Recourses, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Paul Gaskin
- Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water, Newport, NP10 8FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kar Seng Teng
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
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19
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Voltammetric sensing performances of a carbon ionic liquid electrode modified with black phosphorene and hemin. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:304. [PMID: 31028485 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A black phosphorene (BPE) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hybrid was used for the immobilization of hemin on a carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE). BPE inside the PEDOT:PSS film was stable without adverse effects of water and oxygen. The hemin-modified electrode facilitates electrochemical communication with a couple of well-shaped and enhanced redox waves. Therefore BPE exhibits an accelerating function to the electron movement. This sensor exhibits excellent electrocatalytic effects on the reduction of various substrates including trichloroacetic acid (TCA), nitrite and H2O2. As for TCA, the reduction current at -0.36 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) increases linearly in the concentration range from 2.0 to 180 mmol·L-1 with a detection limit of 0.67 mmol·L-1 (at 3σ). As for nitrite, the reduction current at -0.59 Vis linear in the 1.0 to 10.5 mmol·L-1 concentration range, and the detection limit is 0.33 mmol·L-1 (at 3σ). As for H2O2, the reduction current at -0.033 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) is linear in the concentration range from 4.0 to 35.0 mmol·L-1 and the detection limit is 1.3 mmol·L-1 (at 3σ). The real sample was analyzed with satisfactory results, which indicated that BPE had potential applications in the field of electrochemical biosensor. Graphical abstract Photos of (a) black phosphorene (BPE) solution, (b) poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), (c) BPE-PEDOT:PSS (1:5) dispersion, and the fabrication procedure of this electrochemical sensor. It was applied to the determination of trichloroacetic acid, nitrite and hydrogen peroxide.
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20
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Ghalkhani M, Maghsoudi S, Saeedi R, Khaloo SS. Ultrasensitive quantification of paraquat using a newly developed sensor based on silver nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Liu J, Cheng H, Xie H, Luo G, Niu Y, Zhang S, Li G, Sun W. Platinum nanoparticles decorating a biomass porous carbon nanocomposite-modified electrode for the electrocatalytic sensing of luteolin and application. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33607-33616. [PMID: 35528916 PMCID: PMC9073529 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06265c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive electrochemical method was proposed for the determination of luteolin based on platinum (Pt) nanoparticles decorating a biomass porous carbon (BPC) composite-modified carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE). For Pt–BPC/CILE, a pair of well-defined redox peaks of luteolin appeared with enhanced peak currents and the positive movement of peak potentials, proving the electrocatalytic activity of the Pt–BPC nanocomposite for redox reaction. The results can be ascribed to the porous structure of BPC, the catalytic activity of Pt nanoparticles and their synergistic effects. Electrochemical parameters were calculated via cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The results showed that the oxidation peak currents increased linearly with the concentration of luteolin in the range from 0.008 to 100.0 μmol L−1, with a detection limit of 2.6 ± 0.054 nmol L−1. The analytical performance of this sensor was checked by the detection of luteolin contents in a real Duyiwei capsule sample with satisfactory results. A Pt–BPC nanocomposite-modified electrode was fabricated for luteolin detection.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- PR China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- PR China
| | - Hui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hainan Normal University
- Haikou 571158
| | - Guiling Luo
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hainan Normal University
- Haikou 571158
| | - Yanyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hainan Normal University
- Haikou 571158
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hainan Normal University
- Haikou 571158
| | - Guangjiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hainan Normal University
- Haikou 571158
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22
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Zou R, Li X, Luo G, Niu Y, Weng W, Sun W, Xi J, Chen Y, Li G. Boron Nitride Nanosheet Modified Electrode: Preparation and Application to Direct Electrochemistry of Myoglobin. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Haikou 571158 P R China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Haikou 571158 P R China
| | - Guiling Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Haikou 571158 P R China
| | - Yanyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Haikou 571158 P R China
| | - Wenju Weng
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, QingdaoUniversity of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P R China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Haikou 571158 P R China
| | - Jingwen Xi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Haikou 571158 P R China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si−Zr-Ti ResourcesHainan University Haikou 570228 P R China
| | - Guangjiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, QingdaoUniversity of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 P R China
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23
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Fritea L, Bănică F, Costea TO, Moldovan L, Iovan C, Cavalu S. A gold nanoparticles - Graphene based electrochemical sensor for sensitive determination of nitrazepam. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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