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Kuntoji G, Kousar N, Gaddimath S, Koodlur Sannegowda L. Macromolecule-Nanoparticle-Based Hybrid Materials for Biosensor Applications. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:277. [PMID: 38920581 PMCID: PMC11201996 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Biosensors function as sophisticated devices, converting biochemical reactions into electrical signals. Contemporary emphasis on developing biosensor devices with refined sensitivity and selectivity is critical due to their extensive functional capabilities. However, a significant challenge lies in the binding affinity of biosensors to biomolecules, requiring adept conversion and amplification of interactions into various signal modalities like electrical, optical, gravimetric, and electrochemical outputs. Overcoming challenges associated with sensitivity, detection limits, response time, reproducibility, and stability is essential for efficient biosensor creation. The central aspect of the fabrication of any biosensor is focused towards forming an effective interface between the analyte electrode which significantly influences the overall biosensor quality. Polymers and macromolecular systems are favored for their distinct properties and versatile applications. Enhancing the properties and conductivity of these systems can be achieved through incorporating nanoparticles or carbonaceous moieties. Hybrid composite materials, possessing a unique combination of attributes like advanced sensitivity, selectivity, thermal stability, mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, and tunable electrical properties, emerge as promising candidates for biosensor applications. In addition, this approach enhances the electrochemical response, signal amplification, and stability of fabricated biosensors, contributing to their effectiveness. This review predominantly explores recent advancements in utilizing macrocyclic and macromolecular conjugated systems, such as phthalocyanines, porphyrins, polymers, etc. and their hybrids, with a specific focus on signal amplification in biosensors. It comprehensively covers synthetic strategies, properties, working mechanisms, and the potential of these systems for detecting biomolecules like glucose, hydrogen peroxide, uric acid, ascorbic acid, dopamine, cholesterol, amino acids, and cancer cells. Furthermore, this review delves into the progress made, elucidating the mechanisms responsible for signal amplification. The Conclusion addresses the challenges and future directions of macromolecule-based hybrids in biosensor applications, providing a concise overview of this evolving field. The narrative emphasizes the importance of biosensor technology advancement, illustrating the role of smart design and material enhancement in improving performance across various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lokesh Koodlur Sannegowda
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Jnanasagara, Vinayakanagara, Ballari 583105, India; (G.K.); (N.K.); (S.G.)
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Özbaş Z, Özkahraman B, Akgüner ZP, Bal-Öztürk A. Evaluation of modified pectin/alginate buccal patches with enhanced mucoadhesive properties for drug release systems: In-vitro and ex-vivo study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Moulaee K, Neri G. Electrochemical Amino Acid Sensing: A Review on Challenges and Achievements. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:502. [PMID: 34940259 PMCID: PMC8699811 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of research in electrochemistry in the last decade has resulted in a significant advancement in exploiting electrochemical strategies for assessing biological substances. Among these, amino acids are of utmost interest due to their key role in human health. Indeed, an unbalanced amino acid level is the origin of several metabolic and genetic diseases, which has led to a great need for effective and reliable evaluation methods. This review is an effort to summarize and present both challenges and achievements in electrochemical amino acid sensing from the last decade (from 2010 onwards) to show where limitations and advantages stem from. In this review, we place special emphasis on five well-known electroactive amino acids, namely cysteine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine and histidine. The recent research and achievements in this area and significant performance metrics of the proposed electrochemical sensors, including the limit of detection, sensitivity, stability, linear dynamic range(s) and applicability in real sample analysis, are summarized and presented in separate sections. More than 400 recent scientific studies were included in this review to portray a rich set of ideas and exemplify the capabilities of the electrochemical strategies to detect these essential biomolecules at trace and even ultra-trace levels. Finally, we discuss, in the last section, the remaining issues and the opportunities to push the boundaries of our knowledge in amino acid electrochemistry even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Moulaee
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.Da Di Dio, I-98166 Messina, Italy;
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.Da Di Dio, I-98166 Messina, Italy;
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Keshavananda Prabhu CP, Aralekallu S, Palanna M, Sajjan V, Renuka B, Sannegowda LK. Novel polymeric zinc phthalocyanine for electro-oxidation and detection of ammonia. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Prabhu C P K, Nemakal M, Managa M, Nyokong T, Koodlur Sannegowda L. Symmetrically Substituted Zn and Al Phthalocyanines and Polymers for Photodynamic Therapy Application. Front Chem 2021; 9:647331. [PMID: 34249856 PMCID: PMC8263923 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.647331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N4 macrocyclic complexes of Al and Zn phthalocyanines with symmetrical imine and imidazole moiety at the periphery were synthesized. The synthesized ligands, complexes, and polymers were purified and characterized to study the structure of the molecule. These synthesized complexes were used for photodynamic therapy application as the diamagnetic Zn and Al have the ability to produce and stabilize singlet oxygen species. The synthesized N4 molecules of aluminum iminomethoxy phenyl phthalocyanine and aluminum ethyl phenyl benzimidazolephthalocyanine showed better activity against MCF-7 cells. These results suggest that this assay may be used as an early biomarker of clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshavananda Prabhu C P
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari, India
| | - Manjunatha Nemakal
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari, India
| | - Muthumuni Managa
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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Sajjan VA, Aralekallu S, Nemakal M, Palanna M, Keshavananda Prabhu C, Koodlur Sannegowda L. Nanomolar detection of 4-nitrophenol using Schiff-base phthalocyanine. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Tajik S, Dourandish Z, Jahani PM, Sheikhshoaie I, Beitollahi H, Shahedi Asl M, Jang HW, Shokouhimehr M. Recent developments in voltammetric and amperometric sensors for cysteine detection. RSC Adv 2021; 11:5411-5425. [PMID: 35423079 PMCID: PMC8694840 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07614g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in the voltammetric and amperometric sensing of cysteine (Cys). The introduction summarizes the important role of Cys as an essential amino acid, techniques for its sensing, and the utilization of electrochemical methods and chemically modified electrodes for its determination. The main section covers voltammetric and amperometric sensing of Cys based on glassy carbon electrodes, screen printed electrodes, and carbon paste electrodes, modified with various electrocatalytic materials. The conclusion section discusses the current challenges of Cys determination and the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Tajik
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Zahra Dourandish
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman 76175-133 Iran
| | | | - Iran Sheikhshoaie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman 76175-133 Iran
| | - Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology Kerman Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahedi Asl
- Marine Additive Manufacturing Centre of Excellence (MAMCE), University of New Brunswick Fredericton NB E3B 5A1 Canada
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Sunil Kumar N, Krishnamurthy G, somegowda M, Pari M, Ravikumar Naik T, Jithedra Kumara K, Naik S, Kandagalla S, Naik N. Synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry, biological and molecular docking studies of the novel Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes derived from methanethiol bridged (2-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methylthio)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)(phenyl)methanone. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Phthalocyanine sheet polymer based amperometric sensor for the selective detection of 2,4-dichlorophenol. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Khan SA, Choudhury R, Majumdar M, Misra TK. Development of dual-tool nanosensor for cysteine based on N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine cation functionalized silver nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 234:118240. [PMID: 32172188 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In an accomplishment of development of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) based nanosensor for cysteine in its anionic and neutral forms, we have preferred N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine cation (NEDA+) stabilized AgNPs (NEDA-AgNPs), because NEDA+ is a fluorescent active ion and it imparts excellent stability to AgNPs. Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs and fluorescence property of NEDA+ are thus useful for presenting NEDA-AgNPs as a dual-tool nanosensor for cysteine molecules. The surface adsorbed NEDA+ cations interact selectively with cysteine as a consequence, the particles get aggregated, which was monitored using spectrophotometric method. The fluorescence property of NEDA+ is heavily quenched in NEDA-AgNPs, which could be reversed in presence of cysteine. The spectrofluorimetric method was thus used for quantification of cysteine as well. The detection limits (LOD to LOL) of anionic cysteine are 0.1784-1.598 μM and 0.0842-2.0 μM, respectively in spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods. From a real sample matrix, the recovery results are excellent, >95%. For neutral cysteine, the sensitivity is a bit low; 0.308-2.8 μM for spectrophotometric and 0.131-2.8 μM for spectrofluorimetric methods. It is found that the anionic cysteine (Kasso = 2.24 × 105 M-1/4.02 × 105 M-1) binds surface adsorbed NEDA+ cations strongly than that of neutral cysteine (Kasso = 3.69 × 104 M-1/1.24 × 105 M-1). Thus, NEDA-AgNPs show its potentials for being a dual-tool nanosensor as well as dual-form nanosensor for quantification of cysteine in a sample which may be the attractive system to an analyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura 799046, India
| | - Rupasree Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura 799046, India
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura 799046, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Misra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura 799046, India.
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Nanomolar detection of lead using electrochemical methods based on a novel phthalocyanine. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Guo T, Xu J, Fan Z, Du Y, Pan Y, Xiao H, Eić M, Qin G, Guo Y, Hu Y. Preparation and characterization of cysteine‐formaldehyde cross‐linked complex for CO
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capture. CAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems OptimizationNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206 China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, BaodingHebei 071003 China
| | - Junpeng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems OptimizationNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206 China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, BaodingHebei 071003 China
| | - Zeng Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems OptimizationNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206 China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, BaodingHebei 071003 China
| | - Yarong Du
- Department of Power EngineeringNorth China Electric Power University, BaodingHebei 071003 China
| | - Yuanfeng Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangxi UniversityNanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Mladen Eić
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Gengjie Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems OptimizationNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206 China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, BaodingHebei 071003 China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems OptimizationNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206 China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, BaodingHebei 071003 China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems OptimizationNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206 China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, BaodingHebei 071003 China
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Keshavananda Prabhu CP, Nemakal M, Aralekallu S, Mohammed I, Palanna M, Sajjan VA, Akshitha D, Sannegowda LK. A comparative study of carboxylic acid and benzimidazole phthalocyanines and their surface modification for dopamine sensing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Electropolymerized octabenzimidazole phthalocyanine as an amperometric sensor for hydrazine. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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