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Ting WT, Ali MY, Mitea V, Wang MJ, Howlader MMR. Polyaniline-based bovine serum albumin imprinted electrochemical sensor for ultra-trace-level detection in clinical and food safety applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134137. [PMID: 39067725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring bovine serum albumin (BSA) at ultra-low levels is crucial for clinical and food safety applications, as it plays a significant role in identifying various health conditions and potential risks, necessitating fast, trace-level detection of BSA. This study proposes an approach to address these challenges by employing molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) to develop an ultra-trace-level and cost-effective BSA sensing platform. The MIP electrochemical sensor was developed using polyaniline (PANI) combined with the protein crosslinker glutaraldehyde (GA) to optimize BSA surface imprinting in the MIP. As a result, the sensor achieves a sensitivity of 1.24 μA/log(pg/mL), with a picomolar detectable limit of 2.3 pg/mL (0.035 pM) and a wide detection range from 20 pg/mL to 200,000 pg/mL (0.303 pM to 3030 pM), making it suitable for clinical and food safety applications. Additionally, the study explores the interaction between an acidic surfactant protein eluent (acetic acid with sodium dodecyl sulfate, AcOH-SDS) and BSA vacant sites, enhancing recognition and re-binding. The PANI-based MIP sensor demonstrates initial feasibility and practicality in commercial milk and real human serum, opening avenues for early disease detection and ensuring food safety in BSA-related immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Ting
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43 Keelung Road Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43 Keelung Road Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Md Younus Ali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Victor Mitea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Meng-Jiy Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43 Keelung Road Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Matiar M R Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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2
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Sonia J, Kumara BN, Pinto KJ, Hashim A, Priya ESS, Kalpana B, Thomas R, Sudhakara Prasad K. Disposable paper electrodes for detection of changes in dopamine concentrations in rat brain homogenates. Talanta 2024; 274:125940. [PMID: 38537354 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine, the main catecholamine neurotransmitter plays an important role in renal, cardiovascular, central nervous systems, and pathophysiological processes. The abnormal dopamine levels can result in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, acute anxiety, neuroblastoma and also contribute to cognitive dysfunctions. Given the widespread importance of dopamine concentration levels, it is imperative to develop sensors that are able to monitor dopamine. Herein, we have developed pre-anodized disposable paper electrode modified with 1-pyrenebutyric acid, for the selective and sensitive determination of dopamine. The sensor was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques for addressing the robust formation and electrochemical activity. The modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards dopamine without the common interference from ascorbic acid. The calibration plot for the dopamine sensor resulted linear range from 0.003 μM to 0.5 μM with a detection limit of 0.11 nM. The sensor's potential utility was tested by monitoring dopamine concentration changes in rat brain homogenates when subjected to neurotoxicity. The developed sensor was validated with gold-standard UV-Vis spectroscopy studies and computational studies were performed to understand the interaction between 1-pyrenebutyric acid and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sonia
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory (NMRL), Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India
| | - B N Kumara
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory (NMRL), Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India
| | - Kevin Joakim Pinto
- Department of Physiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - A Hashim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Dakshina, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - E S Sindhu Priya
- Department of Pharmacology, Yenepoya Pharmacy College and Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - B Kalpana
- Department of Physiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Renjith Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, St Berchmans College (Autonomous), Mahatma Gandhi University, Changanassery, Kerala, India
| | - K Sudhakara Prasad
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory (NMRL), Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India; Centre for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India.
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3
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Wei J, Zhang X, Chang Q, Mugo SM, Zhang Q. An Integrated Sweat Sensor for Synchronous Detection of Multiple Atherosclerosis Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15786-15794. [PMID: 37815480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis conditions are often assessed in the clinic by measuring blood viscosity, blood flow, and blood lesion levels. In alignment with precision medicine, it is essential to develop convenient and noninvasive approaches for atherosclerosis diagnostics. Herein, an integrated electrochemical sensor was successfully demonstrated for simultaneously detecting cholesterol, transferrin, and K+ in sweat, all biomarker indicators of atherosclerosis. The sensing substrate was based on carbon quantum dots integrated within multiwalled carbon nanotubes, creating a hybrid framework with low electron transfer resistance and highly efficient electron transfer rate, yielding a highly electrochemical active platform for ultrasensitive detection of trace sweat biomarkers. To ensure specificity to corresponding targets, the sensing mechanisms were based on molecular recognition reactions of cholesterol and β-cyclodextrin, transferrin and molecular cavities, and K+ and ion-selective permeation membrane. Moreover, the integrated nonenzymatic sensor exhibited excellent long-term stability. Furthermore, the practical utility of the sensor was successfully demonstrated by the simultaneous detection of three atherosclerosis biomarkers in sweat from volunteers who underwent predesigned daily activities. The sensor shows promise for convenient indexing of atherosclerosis conditions in a noninvasive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xieli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chang
- The 989 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Luoyang 471031, P. R. China
| | - Samuel M Mugo
- Physical Science Department, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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4
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Ivanova AV, Markina MG. Portable Device for Potentiometric Determination of Antioxidant Capacity. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7845. [PMID: 37765901 PMCID: PMC10536404 DOI: 10.3390/s23187845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a prototype of a portable device for the potentiometric determination of antioxidant capacity based on a new measurement principle is proposed. A feature of the approach is the use of an electrochemical microcell with separated spaces and two identical electrodes with immobilized reagents. An antioxidant solution is introduced into one half-cell, and the antioxidants interact with the reagents. The other half-cell contains only reagents. The potential difference between the electrodes is due to the change in the ratio of the oxidized and reduced form of the reagents, which occurs as a result of the reaction with the antioxidants in one of the half-cells and is related to their concentration. The range of linearity of the microcell with immobilized reagents is 40-4000 μM-eq, and the limit of detection is 20 μM-eq. The device was successfully tested in the analysis of standard antioxidant solutions. The recoveries were (92-113)%, and the relative standard deviation did not exceed 15%. A good correlation was found between the data obtained by the approach and the potentiometric method in a macrocell for fruit juice analysis. Pearson's coefficient for the obtained experimental data was 0.9955. The proposed portable device is promising and can be used in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla V. Ivanova
- Chemical Technological Institute, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19, Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
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Kumar N, Lin YJ, Huang YC, Liao YT, Lin SP. Detection of lactate in human sweat via surface-modified, screen-printed carbon electrodes. Talanta 2023; 265:124888. [PMID: 37393714 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Real-time and continuous monitoring of lactate levels in sweat has been used as an indicator of physiological information to evaluate exercise outcomes and sports performance. We developed an optimal enzyme-based biosensor to detect the concentrations of lactate in different fluids (i.e., a buffer solution and human sweat). The surface of the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was first treated with oxygen plasma and then surface-modified by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The optimal sensing surface of the LDH-modified SPCE was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. After connecting the LDH-modified SPCE to a benchtop E4980A precision LCR meter, our results showed that the measured response was dependent on the lactate concentration. The recorded data exhibited a broad dynamic range of 0.1-100 mM (R2 = 0.95) and a limit of detection of 0.1 mM, which was unachievable without the incorporation of redox species. A state-of-the-art electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) chip was developed to integrate the LDH-modified SPCE for a portable bioelectronic platform in the detection of lactate in human sweat. We believe the optimal sensing surface can improve the sensitivity of lactate sensing in a portable bioelectronic EIS platform for early diagnosis or real-time monitoring during different physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Jie Lin
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chiao Huang
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Te Liao
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Ping Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
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6
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Cruz-Pacheco AF, Quinchia J, Orozco J. Nanostructured poly(thiophene acetic acid)/Au/poly(methylene blue) interface for electrochemical immunosensing of p53 protein. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:136. [PMID: 36920574 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A poly(thiophene acetic acid)/Au/poly(methylene blue) nanostructured interface was electrochemically assembled step-by-step on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) for label-free detection of p53 protein. The initial electrical conductive properties of the polymeric interface were increased with an additional layer of poly(methylene blue) electropolymerized in the presence of gold nanoparticles. The nano-immunosensing architecture was prepared by covalent immobilization of anti-p53 antibodies as bioreceptors through the poly(thiophene acetic acid) moieties. The nano-immunosensor assembly was extensively characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under optimal conditions, p53 was specifically and selectively detected by square wave voltammetry in a linear range between 1 and 100 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection of 0.65 ng mL-1. In addition, the electrochemical nano-immunosensor detected p53 in spiked human serum samples and colorectal cancer cell lysates, and the results were validated with a standard spectrophotometric method using a paired samples t test, which did not exhibit significant differences between both methods. The resultant p53 nano-immunosensor is simple to assemble, robust, and has the potential for point-of-care biomarker detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Cruz-Pacheco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jennifer Quinchia
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
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7
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Yunus MH, Yusof NA, Abdullah J, Sulaiman Y, Ahmad Raston NH, Md Noor SS. Simultaneous Amperometric Aptasensor Based on Diazonium Grafted Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Detection of CFP10 and MPT64 Biomarkers for Early Tuberculosis Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12110996. [PMID: 36354505 PMCID: PMC9688523 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis is highly crucial for life-saving and transmission management of tuberculosis (TB). Despite the low sensitivity and time-consuming issues, TB antigen detection still relies on conventional smear microscopy and culture techniques. To address this limitation, we report the development of the first amperometric dual aptasensor for the simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis secreted antigens CFP10 and MPT64 for better diagnosis and control of TB. The developed sensor was based on the aptamers-antibodies sandwich assay and detected by chronoamperometry through the electrocatalytic reaction between peroxidase-conjugated antibodies, H2O2, and hydroquinone. The CFP10 and MPT64 aptamers were immobilized via carbodiimide covalent chemistry over the disposable dual screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with a 4-carboxyphenyl diazonium salt. Under optimized conditions, the aptasensor achieved a detection limit of 1.68 ng mL-1 and 1.82 ng mL-1 for CFP10 and MPT64 antigens, respectively. The developed assay requires a small sample amount (5 µL) and can be easily performed within 2.5 h. Finally, the dual aptasensor was successfully applied to clinical sputum samples with the obtained diagnostic sensitivity (n = 24) and specificity (n = 13) of 100%, respectively, suggesting the readiness of the developed assay to be used for TB clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusran Sulaiman
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Suraiya Md Noor
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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8
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Cheunkar S, Oaew S, Parnsubsakul A, Asanithi P. Reactive argon-plasma activation of screen-printed carbon electrodes for highly selective dopamine determination. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4193-4201. [PMID: 36239194 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) deficiency has been linked to several psychiatric disorders. Electrochemical determination of the level of DA suffers from abundant ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) in body fluids. In this work, a facile argon (Ar) plasma treatment was utilized to enhance the electrocatalytic reactivity of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for selective DA detection. Surface characterization of the Ar-treated SCPEs verified that the carbon paste binders were successfully removed and single-bonded oxygenated moieties (-OH and C-O-C) were generated. Interestingly, the sharper D* and D'' Raman interbands were new key evidence of a higher exposure of carbon defect sites. Electrochemical studies further revealed that the Ar-treated SPCEs possessed faster heterogeneous electron-transfer rates, larger electroactive surface areas, and much higher conductivity when compared with untreated electrodes. As a result, the oxidation potentials of AA, DA, and UA in the mixture could be well-resolved and the current responses were significantly increased. The selective determination of DA in the presence of AA and UA by differential pulse voltammetry gave two linear responses with the limit of detection of 0.27 μM (0.15-10 μM range). Moreover, this Ar-treated SPCE had high reproducibility and good storage stability. These results suggest that Ar-plasma treatment could be a promising method to enhance the electrocatalytic properties of SPCEs for the detection of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawut Cheunkar
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
| | - Sukunya Oaew
- Biochemical Engineering and Systems Biology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Attasith Parnsubsakul
- Sensor Research Unit (SRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phaya Thai Road, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piyapong Asanithi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
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9
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Stability improvement of polyaniline nanocomposite immunosensor for early detection of insulin receptor antibody as biomarker of type 2 diabetes. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:439. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Ribeiro JF, Melo JR, Santos CDL, Chaves CR, Cabral Filho PE, Pereira G, Santos BS, Pereira GA, Rosa DS, Ribeiro RT, Fontes A. Sensitive Zika Biomarker Detection Assisted by Quantum Dot-Modified Electrochemical Immunosensing Platform. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 221:112984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Alzate D, Lopez-Osorio MC, Cortes-Mancera F, Navas MC, Orozco J. Detection of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in wastewater by an electrochemical genosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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The Effect of Preconditioning Strategies on the Adsorption of Model Proteins onto Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22114186. [PMID: 35684806 PMCID: PMC9185278 DOI: 10.3390/s22114186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The preconditioning and modification of the supporting electrode surface is an essential step in every biosensor architecture. In particular, when using screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPEs) as inexpensive and convenient disposable sensor substrates, their somewhat lower electrochemical (surface) reproducibility might represent a complex hurdle. Herein, we investigated the effect of selected preconditioning strategies, such as cyclic voltammetric pretreatment, in H2SO4 and H2O2 and plasma pretreatment with a positive and negative glow discharge, which all improved the electrochemical stability of the unmodified SPEs. Furthermore, we studied the influence of preconditioning strategies on the adsorption kinetics of the two most commonly used building blocks for biosensor preparation, i.e., bovine serum albumin (BSA) and protein A. We observed an advantageous effect of all the examined preconditioning strategies for the modification of SPEs with protein A, being the most effective the negative glow discharge. On the other hand, BSA exhibited a more complex adsorption behavior, with the negative glow discharge as the only generally beneficial preconditioning strategy providing the highest electrochemical stability. Protein A revealed a more substantial impact on the electrochemical signal attenuation than BSA considering their same concentrations in the modification solutions. For both BSA and protein A, we showed that the concentrations of 5 and 10 μg mL−1 already suffice for an electrochemically satisfactorily stable electrode surface after 60 min of incubation time, except for BSA at the positive-plasma-treated electrode.
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13
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Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Kozak J, Czech B. Screen-Printed Voltammetric Sensors-Tools for Environmental Water Monitoring of Painkillers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22072437. [PMID: 35408052 PMCID: PMC9003516 DOI: 10.3390/s22072437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic production and usage of pharmaceuticals, mainly painkillers, indicates the growing problem of environmental contamination. Therefore, the monitoring of pharmaceutical concentrations in environmental samples, mostly aquatic, is necessary. This article focuses on applying screen-printed voltammetric sensors for the voltammetric determination of painkillers residues, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol, and tramadol in environmental water samples. The main advantages of these electrodes are simplicity, reliability, portability, small instrumental setups comprising the three electrodes, and modest cost. Moreover, the electroconductivity, catalytic activity, and surface area can be easily improved by modifying the electrode surface with carbon nanomaterials, polymer films, or electrochemical activation.
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14
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Wang C, Lv Y, Hu X, Chen Z, Li J, Zhang M. A “two-step” assay based on electro-activation for rapid determination of methylglyoxal in honey and beer. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1203:339688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Fatemeh Shayanfar, Hamid Sarhadi. Determination of Vitamin C at Modified Screen Printed Electrode: Application for Sensing of Vitamin C in Real Samples. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375521040141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Ivanov R, Czibula C, Teichert C, Bojinov M, Tsakova V. Carbon screen-printed electrodes for substrate-assisted electroless deposition of palladium. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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First Screen-Printed Sensor (Electrochemically Activated Screen-Printed Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode) for Quantitative Determination of Rifampicin by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154231. [PMID: 34361425 PMCID: PMC8347414 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a screen-printed boron-doped electrode (aSPBDDE) was subjected to electrochemical activation by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.1 M NaOH and the response to rifampicin (RIF) oxidation was used as a testing probe. Changes in surface morphology and electrochemical behaviour of RIF before and after the electrochemical activation of SPBDDE were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The increase in number and size of pores in the modifier layer and reduction of charge transfer residence were likely responsible for electrochemical improvement of the analytical signal from RIF at the SPBDDE. Quantitative analysis of RIF by using differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry in 0.1 mol L−1 solution of PBS of pH 3.0 ± 0.1 at the aSPBDDE was carried out. Using optimized conditions (Eacc of −0.45 V, tacc of 120 s, ΔEA of 150 mV, ν of 100 mV s−1 and tm of 5 ms), the RIF peak current increased linearly with the concentration in the four ranges: 0.002–0.02, 0.02–0.2, 0.2–2.0, and 2.0–20.0 nM. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated at 0.22 and 0.73 pM. The aSPBDDE showed satisfactory repeatability, reproducibility, and selectivity towards potential interferences. The applicability of the aSPBDDE for control analysis of RIF was demonstrated using river water samples and certified reference material of bovine urine.
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Kozak J, Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Wójciak M, Sowa I. Electrochemically Activated Screen-Printed Carbon Sensor Modified with Anionic Surfactant (aSPCE/SDS) for Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Diclofenac and Tramadol. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133581. [PMID: 34206920 PMCID: PMC8269727 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an electrochemically activated screen-printed carbon electrode modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (aSPCE/SDS) was proposed for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PA), diclofenac (DF), and tramadol (TR). Changes of surface morphology and electrochemical behaviour of the electrode after the electrochemical activation with H2O2 and SDS surface modification were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The influence of various parameters on the responses of the aSPCE/SDS such as pH and concentration of the buffer, SDS concentration, and techniques parameters were investigated. Using optimised conditions (Eacc. of −0.4 V, tacc. of 120 s, ΔEA of 150 mV, ν of 250 mV s−1, and tm of 10 ms), the aSPCE/SDS showed a good linear response in the concentration ranges of 5.0 × 10−8–2.0 × 10−5 for PA, 1.0 × 10−9–2.0 × 10−7 for DF, and 1.0 × 10−8–2.0 × 10−7 and 2.0 × 10−7–2.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 for TR. The limits of detection obtained during the simultaneous determination of PA, DF, and TR are 1.49 × 10−8 mol L−1, 2.10 × 10−10 mol L−1, and 1.71 × 10−9 mol L−1, respectively. The selectivity of the aSPCE/SDS was evaluated by examination of the impact of some inorganic and organic substances that are commonly present in environmental and biological samples on the responses of PA, DF, and TR. Finally, the differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric (DPAdSV) procedure using the aSPCE/SDS was successfully applied for the determination of PA, DF, and TR in river water and serum samples as well as pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Kozak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.T.-R.); (M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.T.-R.); (M.W.)
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Zeitoun R, Adamchuk V, Warland J, Biswas A. Paper-polished carbon screen-printed electrodes increase reusability and enhance performance in phosphomolybdate electrochemical detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Kim I, Kim Y, Lee SW, Lee D, Jung HG, Jang JW, Lee T, Yoon YK, Lee G, Yoon DS. Erythrocyte-camouflaged biosensor for α-hemolysin detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 185:113267. [PMID: 33933909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Without appropriate treatment, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection can cause life-threatening diseases (e.g., meningitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and sepsis). However, a rapid and accurate point-of-care test for the infection remains challenging. The bacterium secretes α-hemolysin (Hla), which spontaneously binds to the cell membrane of erythrocyte, and eventually lyses the cell via pore formation. Taking advantage of this phenomenon, we apply the erythrocyte membrane (EM) extracted from human whole blood as a novel bioreceptor for detecting Hla, fabricating erythrocyte-camouflaged biosensors (ECB) by coating EM onto electrochemical impedance electrodes. We verify the existence of EM on the ECB by using confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy. We demonstrate that ECBs sensitively detect Hla spiked in phosphate buffer saline and human serum. Also, the sensor shows higher sensitivity to Hla than major blood proteins, such as human serum albumin, fibrinogen, and gamma globulin. Specifically, the signal intensities for Hla are 8.8-12.7 times higher than those in the same concentration of those blood proteins. The detection limit of the ECB for Hla is 1.9 ng/ml while the dynamic range is 0.0001-1 mg/ml. Finally, we validate the constant sensing performance of ECB with 99.0 ± 5.6% accuracy for 35 days of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Dongtak Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyo Gi Jung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jae Won Jang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Taeha Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Young Kyung Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
| | - Gyudo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea.
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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21
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Torres-Rivero K, Florido A, Bastos-Arrieta J. Recent Trends in the Improvement of the Electrochemical Response of Screen-Printed Electrodes by Their Modification with Shaped Metal Nanoparticles. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21082596. [PMID: 33917220 PMCID: PMC8067965 DOI: 10.3390/s21082596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Novel sensing technologies proposed must fulfill the demands of wastewater treatment plants, the food industry, and environmental control agencies: simple, fast, inexpensive, and reliable methodologies for onsite screening, monitoring, and analysis. These represent alternatives to conventional analytical methods (ICP-MS and LC-MS) that require expensive and non-portable instrumentation. This needs to be controlled by qualified technicians, resulting moreover in a long delay between sampling and high-cost analysis. Electrochemical analysis based on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) represents an excellent miniaturized and portable alternative due to their disposable character, good reproducibility, and low-cost commercial availability. SPEs application is widely extended, which makes it important to design functionalization strategies to improve their analytical response. In this sense, different types of nanoparticles (NPs) have been used to enhance the electrochemical features of SPEs. NPs size (1–100 nm) provides them with unique optical, mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties that give the modified SPEs increased electrode surface area, increased mass-transport rate, and faster electron transfer. Recent progress in nanoscale material science has led to the creation of reproducible, customizable, and simple synthetic procedures to obtain a wide variety of shaped NPs. This mini-review attempts to present an overview of the enhancement of the electrochemical response of SPEs when NPs with different morphologies are used for their surface modification
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Torres-Rivero
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTEch (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (K.T.-R.); (A.F.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Florido
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTEch (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (K.T.-R.); (A.F.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Bastos-Arrieta
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Edifici Gaia TR14, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Paper-based electrochemical sensors with reduced graphene nanoribbons for simultaneous detection of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in water samples. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.114985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Flexible Carbon Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Bisphenol-A, Hydroquinone and Catechol in Water Samples. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The detection of pollutant traces in the public water supply and aquifers is essential for the safety of the population. In this article, we demonstrate that a simple electrochemical procedure in acidic solution can be employed for enhancing the sensitivity of flexible screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPEs) to detect bisphenol-A (BPA), hydroquinone, and catechol, simultaneously. The SPEs were pretreated electrochemically in a H2SO4 solution, which did not affect their morphology, yielding high current signals with well separated oxidation peaks. The sensitivity values were 0.28, 0.230, and 0.056 µA L µmol−1 with detection limits of 0.12, 0.82, and 0.95 µmol L−1 for hydroquinone, catechol, and BPA, respectively. The sensors were reproducible and selective for detecting BPA in plastic cups, and with adequate specificity not to be affected by interferents from water samples. The simple, inexpensive, and flexible SPE may thus be used to detect emerging pollutants and monitor the water quality.
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Zuaznabar-Gardona JC, Fragoso A. Electrochemistry of redox probes at thin films of carbon nano-onions produced by thermal annealing of nanodiamonds. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Jiménez-Fiérrez F, González-Sánchez MI, Jiménez-Pérez R, Iniesta J, Valero E. Glucose Biosensor Based on Disposable Activated Carbon Electrodes Modified with Platinum Nanoparticles Electrodeposited on Poly(Azure A). SENSORS 2020; 20:s20164489. [PMID: 32796638 PMCID: PMC7472169 DOI: 10.3390/s20164489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel electrochemical glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on a surface containing platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) electrodeposited on poly(Azure A) (PAA) previously electropolymerized on activated screen-printed carbon electrodes (GOx-PtNPs-PAA-aSPCEs) is reported. The resulting electrochemical biosensor was validated towards glucose oxidation in real samples and further electrochemical measurement associated with the generated H2O2. The electrochemical biosensor showed an excellent sensitivity (42.7 μA mM−1 cm−2), limit of detection (7.6 μM), linear range (20 μM–2.3 mM), and good selectivity towards glucose determination. Furthermore, and most importantly, the detection of glucose was performed at a low potential (0.2 V vs. Ag). The high performance of the electrochemical biosensor was explained through surface exploration using field emission SEM, XPS, and impedance measurements. The electrochemical biosensor was successfully applied to glucose quantification in several real samples (commercial juices and a plant cell culture medium), exhibiting a high accuracy when compared with a classical spectrophotometric method. This electrochemical biosensor can be easily prepared and opens up a good alternative in the development of new sensitive glucose sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Jiménez-Fiérrez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (F.J.-F.); (M.I.G.-S.); (R.J.-P.)
| | - María Isabel González-Sánchez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (F.J.-F.); (M.I.G.-S.); (R.J.-P.)
| | - Rebeca Jiménez-Pérez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (F.J.-F.); (M.I.G.-S.); (R.J.-P.)
| | - Jesús Iniesta
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Institute of Electrochemistry, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain;
| | - Edelmira Valero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (F.J.-F.); (M.I.G.-S.); (R.J.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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Salek Maghsoudi A, Hassani S, Rezaei Akmal M, Ganjali MR, Mirnia K, Norouzi P, Abdollahi M. An Electrochemical Aptasensor Platform Based on Flower-Like Gold Microstructure-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Detection of Serpin A12 as a Type 2 Diabetes Biomarker. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2219-2230. [PMID: 32280216 PMCID: PMC7127862 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s244315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the present study, a highly sensitive and simple electrochemical (EC) aptasensor for the detection of serpin A12 as a novel biomarker of diabetes was developed on a platform where flower-like gold microstructures (FLGMs) are electrodeposited onto a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode. Meanwhile, serpin A12-specific thiolated aptamer was covalently immobilized on the FLGMs. Methods The electrochemical activity of a fabricated aptasensor under various conditions were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Aptamer concentration, deposition time, self-assembly time, and incubation time were optimized for assay of serpin A12. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was implemented for quantitative detection of serpin A12 in K3 [Fe (CN) 6]/K4 [Fe (CN) 6] solution (redox probe). Results The label-free aptasensor revealed a linear range of serpin A12 concentration (0.039–10 ng/mL), detection limit of 0.020 ng/mL (S/N=3), and 0.031 ng/mL in solution buffer and plasma, respectively. Conclusion The results indicate that this aptasensor has a high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and acceptable reproducibility for detection of serpin A12 in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Salek Maghsoudi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Rezaei Akmal
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayvan Mirnia
- Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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González‐Sánchez MI, Romero‐Llapa MI, Gómez‐Monedero B, Jiménez‐Pérez R, Iniesta J, Valero E. A Fast and Simple Ozone‐mediated Method towards Highly Activated Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes as Versatile Electroanalytical Tools. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel González‐Sánchez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n 02071 Albacete Spain
| | - María Isabel Romero‐Llapa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n 02071 Albacete Spain
| | - Beatriz Gómez‐Monedero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n 02071 Albacete Spain
| | - Rebeca Jiménez‐Pérez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n 02071 Albacete Spain
| | - Jesús Iniesta
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Institute of ElectrochemistryUniversity of Alicante 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante Spain
| | - Edelmira Valero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n 02071 Albacete Spain
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