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Nguyen TT, Nguyen NT, Nguyen VV, Nguyen AH, Hoang Tran BD, Vo TK, Truong DT, Doan TLH, Huynh LTN, Tran TN, Ngo HL, Le VH, Nguyen TH. Tailoring hierarchical structures in cellulose carbon aerogels from sugarcane bagasse using different crosslinking agents for enhancing electrochemical desalination capability. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141748. [PMID: 38521109 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse is one of the most common Vietnamese agricultural waste, which possesses a large percentage of cellulose, making it an abundant and environmentally friendly source for the fabrication of cellulose carbon aerogel. Herein, waste sugarcane bagasse was used to synthesize cellulose aerogel using different crosslinking agents such as urea, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA). The 3D porous network of cellulose aerogels was constructed by intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. Among the three cellulose aerogel samples, cellulose - SA aerogel (SB-CA-SA) has low density of 0.04 g m-3 and high porosity of 97.38%, leading to high surface area of 497.9 m2 g-1 with 55.67% micropores of activated carbon aerogel (SB-ACCA-SA). The salt adsorption capacity was high (17.87 mg g-1), which can be further enhanced to 31.40 mg g-1 with the addition of CNT. Moreover, the desalination process using the SB-ACCA-SA-CNT electrode was stable even after 50 cycles. The results show the great combination of cellulose from waste sugarcane bagasse with sodium alginate and carbon nanotubes in the fabrication of carbon materials as the CDI-utilized electrodes with high desalination capability and good durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tung Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngan Tuan Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Van Vien Nguyen
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Anh Hong Nguyen
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Bao Dung Hoang Tran
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Kien Vo
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Duy Tan Truong
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Tan Le Hoang Doan
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Center for Innovative Materials & Architectures (INOMAR), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Le Thanh Nguyen Huynh
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh Nhut Tran
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Long Ngo
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Viet Hai Le
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thai Hoang Nguyen
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Center for Innovative Materials & Architectures (INOMAR), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
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Ganesan V, Begum Kadhar Mohamed MS, Naina Mohammed S. Effective chromium mitigation using phosphorous doped bio carbon electrode via capacitive deionisation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38362611 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2318669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Capacitive deionisation (CDI) is an emerging eco-economic water reclamation technology that can remove inorganic salts and heavy metals. Biomass-derived carbon electrodes have attracted the scientific communities in recent years due to their economic feasibility and sustainability. However, electrochemical performance needs to be improved to achieve durability and reusability. Hence, the present study develops rice straw-derived phosphorous-doped (P-doped) carbon as an electrode for mitigating Cr(VI) ions. Phosphorus doping of biocarbon electrodes enhances their electrochemical properties, including increased electrical conductivity, improved charge storage capacity, and enhanced ion adsorption capabilities. Here, Phosphoric acid plays a dual role of activation and doping that enhances the physico-electrochemical properties. The synthesised material was found to be P-doped carbon with better pore distribution, which was confirmed through FESEM-EDX analysis. Further, the physicochemical properties of the electrode material are enriched with carbon and possess an enhanced surface area of 753 m2/g. The cyclic voltammetry shows the specific capacitance of 67 F/g for the Cr(VI) ions, which was found to be 15 times more than the non-doped carbon. CDI studies were performed with optimisation of operational parameters and found that mitigation of Cr(VI) ions was efficient at pH 2 for the applied voltage of 2V. The electrode's performance with real-time chrome wash effluent confirms its potentiality and has better scope upon optimisation. The experimental data fits well with pseudo first-order kinetics, which ensures the nature of electrosorption is physisorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshhwaran Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Zhang Y, Bu X, Wang Y, Hang Z, Chen Z. Hierarchically porous biochar derived from aerobic granular sludge for high-performance membrane capacitive deionization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 17:100297. [PMID: 37635953 PMCID: PMC10457425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is a cost-effective desalination technique known for its low energy consumption. The performance of MCDI cells relies on the properties of electrode materials. Activated carbon is the most widely used electrode material. However, the capacitive carbon available on the market is often expensive. Here, we developed hierarchically porous biochar by combining carbonization and activation processes, using easily acquired aerobic granular sludge (AGS) from biological sewage treatment plants as a precursor. The biochar had a specific surface area of 1822.07 m2 g-1, with a micropore area ratio of 58.65% and a micropore volume of 0.576 cm3 g-1. The MCDI cell employing the biochar as electrodes demonstrated a specific adsorption capacity of 34.35 mg g-1, comparable to commercially available activated carbon electrodes. Our study presents a green and sustainable approach for preparing highly efficient, hierarchically porous biochar from AGS, offering great potential for enhanced performance in MCDI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xudong Bu
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Zhenyu Hang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
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Wei S, Feng L, Zhang X, Sun Z, Bai H, Liu P. High performance of membrane capacitive deionization with ZnS/g-C 3N 4 composite electrodes. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2849-2861. [PMID: 38096073 PMCID: wst_2023_391 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is considered a promising technology for desalination of sea or brackish water. In this study, a ZnS/g-C3N4 composite was synthesized through a one-step high-temperature method and used as the main material to fabricate CDI electrodes. The results of SEM and TEM showed that spherical-like nanoparticles of ZnS were uniformly distributed on the g-C3N4 sheet. The g-C3N4 phase facilitates the ZnS particles precipitate and restrain their agglomeration, which contributes to a high specific surface area of ZnS. Furthermore, the electrochemical test results indicated that ZnS/g-C3N4 composite had a good capacitance characteristic, low resistance, and high electrochemical stability. Finally, the desalinization performance of the ZnS/g-C3N4 composite electrodes was tested in traditional mode and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) mode. The results showed that ZnS/g-C3N4//ZnS/g-C3N4 (MCDI) exhibited an optimal desalination capacity. The adsorption amount was 27.65, 50.26, and 65.34 mg/g for NaCl initial concentration of 200, 400, and 600 mg/L, respectively, with the voltage of 1.2 V and flow rate of 5 mL/min. Increasing initial concentration enhanced the conductivity and ion migration rate so as to increase the NaCl adsorption amount. ZnS/g-C3N4 composite can be used as potential electrode material for high performance of MCDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wei
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; Shanxi Coking Coal Group Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030051, China E-mail:
| | - Ling Feng
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Xuliu Zhang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Zhumei Sun
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Hongjuan Bai
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Pengxiao Liu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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Gang H, Deng H, Yan L, Wu B, Alhassan SI, Cao Y, Wei D, Wang H. Surface redox pseudocapacitance boosting Fe/Fe 3C nanoparticles-encapsulated N-doped graphene-like carbon for high-performance capacitive deionization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:252-262. [PMID: 36738548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The practical application of carbon anode in capacitive deionization (CDI) is greatly hindered by their poor adsorption capacity and co-ion effect. Herein, an N-doped graphene-like carbon (NC) decorated with Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles composite (Fe/Fe3C@NC) with large specific surface area and plentiful porosity is fabricated via a facile and scalable method, namely sol-gel method combined with Fe-catalyzed carbonization. As expected, it exhibits superior CDI performance as a Cl-storage electrode, with Cl- adsorption capacity as high as 102.3 mg g-1 at 1000 mg L-1 Cl- concentration and 1.4 V voltage, and a stable capacity of 68.5 mg g-1 for 60 cycles in 500 mg L-1 Cl- concentration and 100 mA g-1 current density. More importantly, on the basis of electrochemical tests, ex-situ X-ray diffraction, ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and XPS analysis with argon ion depth etching, it is revealed that the chlorine storage mechanism of the Fe/Fe3C@NC electrode is dominated by the surface-related redox pseudocapacitance behavior of Fe2+/Fe3+ couple occurring on or near the surface, enabling fast and reversible ion storage. This work proposes an economical and environmentally friendly general method for the design and development of high-performance Cl-storage electrodes for CDI, and offers an in-depth insight into the Cl- storage mechanism of Fe decorated carbon electrodes, further promoting the development of CDI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyin Gang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Haoyu Deng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lvji Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bichao Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Sikpaam Issaka Alhassan
- College of Engineering, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Yiyun Cao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Dun Wei
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China.
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Liu Y, Tian Y, Xu J, Wang C, Wang Y, Yuan D, Chew JW. Electrosorption performance on graphene-based materials: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6518-6529. [PMID: 36845580 PMCID: PMC9950858 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08252g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its unique advantages such as flexible planar structure, ultrahigh specific surface area, superior electrical conductivity and electrical double-layer capacitance in theory, graphene has unparalleled virtues compared with other carbon materials. This review summarizes the recent research progress of various graphene-based electrodes on ion electrosorption fields, especially for water desalination utilizing capacitive deionization (CDI) technology. We present the latest advances of graphene-based electrodes, such as 3D graphene, graphene/metal oxide (MO) composites, graphene/carbon composites, heteroatom-doped graphene and graphene/polymer composites. Furthermore, a brief outlook on the challenges and future possible developments in the electrosorption area are also addressed for researchers to design graphene-based electrodes towards practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Yun Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Jianda Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Changfu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Yun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Dingzhong Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application (East China Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Jia Wei Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore .,Singapore Membrane Technology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
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Sufiani O, Elisadiki J, Tanaka H, Teshima K, Sahini MG, Machunda RL, Jande YAC. Adsorption-capacitive deionization hybrid system with activated carbon of modified potential of zero charge. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115114. [PMID: 36574800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study water solutions are desalinated with carbon electrodes of modified surface charges. The idea is to endow the electrodes with the ability to physically adsorb salt ions without applying potential so as to save energy. The modification enhanced to decrease the energy consumption of a newly invented adsorption-CDI hybrid system by 19%, since modified activated carbon cell consumed 0.620 (relative error 3.00%) kWh/m3 compared to pristine activated carbon cell which consumed 0.746 (relative error 1.20%) kWh/m3. Further analysis revealed high adsorption capacity of the modified activated carbon electrode cell which exhibited 9.0 (relative error 2.22%) compared to activated carbon cell with 5.3 (relative error 5.66%) mg g-1. These results show the potential of surface modification in adding value to low cost activated carbons for application in CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omari Sufiani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Joyce Elisadiki
- Physics Department, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University 4-17-1, Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuya Teshima
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University 4-17-1, Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Mtabazi G Sahini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Revocatus L Machunda
- Department of Water and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Yusufu A C Jande
- Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy Futures (WISE-Futures) African Centre of Excellence, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Nelson Mandela Road, Tengeru, P.O. Box 9124, Nelson Mandela, Arusha, Tanzania.
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Sufiani O, Sahini MG, Elisadiki J. Towards attaining SDG 6: The opportunities available for capacitive deionization technology to provide clean water to the African population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114671. [PMID: 36341793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The unavailability of clean water caused by population growth, increased industrial activities, and global climate change is a major challenge in many communities. A number of desalination technologies including distillation, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis, have been used to supplement the available water resources. However, these technologies are energy intensive and demand a significant financial commitment. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging desalination technology which is promising to provide water at a reasonable cost, especially in societies with limited incomes such as those in Africa. The opportunities for CDI to provide clean water to the African population are discussed in this paper. These opportunities include electrosorption at low potential, low energy consumption, large quantities of agricultural wastes for the production of electrode materials, high sunshine irradiation throughout the year, suitability for disinfection and defluoridation and its applications in the removal of heavy metals and emerging pollutants. Due to the existence of numerous enabling conditions, the analysis from this paper demonstrates that CDI can be a dependable method to provide clean water in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omari Sufiani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania.
| | - Mtabazi G Sahini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Joyce Elisadiki
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania
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Huynh LTN, Nguyen HA, Pham HV, Tran TN, Ho TTN, Doan TLH, Le VH, Nguyen TH. Electrosorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) in Capacitive Deionization by KOH Activation Coconut-Shell Activated Carbon. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Md Rahim SAN, Lee CS, Abnisa F, Wan Daud WMA, Aroua MK, Cognet P, Pérès Y. Activated carbon-based electrodes for two-steps catalytic/ electrocatalytic reduction of glycerol in Amberlyst-15 mediator. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133949. [PMID: 35157890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Redox mediators supply an effective way to promote electrons (and protons) transport between the electrode and substrate without being in direct physical contact with the electrode. Here, the carbon-based electrodes with Amberlyst-15 as the redox mediator were used in the electrocatalytic reduction to investigate their ability to indirectly convert glycerol into 1,2-propanediol. The process aims to study the influence of different activated carbon compositions (60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% of total weight) in the activated carbon composite (ACC) electrodes on the electrochemical properties, reaction mechanisms, and selectivity of the yielded products. Their electrochemical behavior and physicochemical properties were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA), followed by FESEM-EDX for the selected ACC electrode. Electroactive surface area (EASA) plays a role in glycerol mass transport and electrons transfer. EASA of 60ACC, 70ACC, 80ACC, and 90ACC (geometrical surface area of 0.50 cm2) were 19.62, 24.50, 36.74 and 30.83 cm2, respectively. With the highest EASA, 80ACC enhanced the mass transport and electrons transfer process that eventually improved its electrocatalytic activity. It outperformed other ACC electrodes by generating Amberlyst-15 radicals (A-15•-) with high current density at low potential (-0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl). A-15•- served as the electron-donor for the homogeneous redox reaction with glycerol in delivering highly reactive glycerol radical for further intermediates development and generated 1,2-propanediol at -2.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl (current density of -0.2018 A cm-2). High activated carbon content portrayed a dominant role in controlling EASA and favored consecutive acetol-1,2-propanediol production through the C-O bond breakage. From the galvanostatic electrolysis, 1,2-propanediol selectivity was higher on 80ACC (88.6%) compared to 60ACC (61.4%), 70ACC (70.4%) and 90ACC (72.5%). Diethylene glycol formation was found to be the side reaction but preferred low activated carbon percentage in 60ACC and 70ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching Shya Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faisal Abnisa
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua
- Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilisation (CCDCU), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia; Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK; Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering Research Cluster (SMS2E), Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Patrick Cognet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yolande Pérès
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Wu N, Gu X, Zhou S, Han X, Leng H, Zhang P, Yang P, Qi Y, Li S, Qiu J. Hierarchical porous N, S co-doped carbon derived from fish scales for enhanced membrane capacitive deionization. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Therese Angeles A, Park J, Ham K, Bong S, Lee J. High-performance capacitive deionization electrodes through regulated electrodeposition of manganese oxide and nickel-manganese oxide/hydroxide onto activated carbon. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xu L, Mao Y, Zong Y, Peng S, Zhang X, Wu D. Membrane-Current Collector-Based Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization System: A Novel Stack Configuration for Scale-Up Desalination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13286-13296. [PMID: 34529405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The stack configuration in flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) has been verified to be an attractive and feasible strategy for scaling up the desalination process. However, challenges still exist when attempting to simultaneously improve the desalination scale and the cell configuration. Here, we describe a novel stack FCDI configuration (termed a gradient FCDI system) based on a membrane-current collector assembly, in which the charge neutralization enables the in situ regeneration of the flow electrodes in the single cycle operation, thereby realizing a considerable increase in the desalinating performance. By evaluating standardized metrics such as the salt rejection, productivity (P), average salt removal rate (ASRR), energy-normalized removed salt (ENRS), and TEE, the results indicated that the gradient FCDI system could be a performance-stable and energy-efficient alternative for scale-up desalination. Under optimal operating conditions (carbon content = 10 wt %, feed salinity = 3000 mg L-1, cell voltage = 1.2 V, and productivity = 56.7 L m-2 h-1), the robust desalination performance (ASRR = 1.07 μmol cm-2 min-1) and energy consumption (ENRS = 7.8 μmol J-1) of the FCDI system with a desalination unit number of four were verified at long-term operation. In summary, the stacked gradient FCDI system and its operation mode described here may be an innovative and promising strategy capable of enlarging the scale of desalination while realizing performance improvement and device simplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yang Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shuai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Deli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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15
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Wagner R, Winger S, Franzreb M. Predicting the potential of capacitive deionization for the separation of pH-dependent organic molecules. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:589-606. [PMID: 34690631 PMCID: PMC8518579 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main steps in the biotechnological production of chemical building blocks, such as, e.g. bio-based succinic acid which is used for lubricants, cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals, is the isolation and purification of the target molecule. A new approach to isolate charged, bio-based chemicals is by electrosorption onto carbon surfaces. In contrast to ion exchange, electrosorption does not require additional chemicals for elution and regeneration. However, while the electrosorption of inorganic salts is well understood and in commercial use, the knowledge about electrosorption of weak organic acids including the strong implications of the pH-dependent dissociation and their affinity towards physical adsorption must be expanded. Here, we show a detailed discussion of the main pH-dependent effects determining the achievable charge efficiencies and capacities. An explicit set of equations allows the fast prediction of the named key figures for constant voltage and constant current operation. The calculated and experimental results obtained for the electrosorption of maleic acid show that the potential-free adsorption of differently protonated forms of the organic acid play a dominating role in the process. At pH 8 and a voltage threshold of 1.3 V, charge efficiencies of 25% and capacities around 40 mmol/kg could be reached for a constant current experiment. While this capacity is clearly below that of ion exchange resins, the required carbon materials are inexpensive and energy costs are only about 0.013 €/mol. Therefore, we anticipate that electrosorption has the potential to become an interesting alternative to conventional unit operations for the isolation of charged target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Wagner
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Sebastian Winger
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
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16
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Liu X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yuan D, Wang C, Liu J. Efficient electrosorption of uranium(VI) by B, N, and P co-doped porous carbon materials containing phosphate functional groups. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-05029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Barcelos KM, Oliveira KS, Silva DS, Urquieta-González EA, Ruotolo LA. Efficient and stable operation of capacitive deionization assessed by electrode and membrane asymmetry. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Sayed ET, Al Radi M, Ahmad A, Abdelkareem MA, Alawadhi H, Atieh MA, Olabi AG. Faradic capacitive deionization (FCDI) for desalination and ion removal from wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130001. [PMID: 33984902 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is one of the emerging desalination technologies that attracted much attention in the last years as a low-cost, energy-efficient, and environmentally-friendly alternative to other desalination technologies, such as multi-stage flash desalination (MSF) and multiple effect distillation (MED). The implementation of faradaic electrode materials is a promising method for enhancing CDI systems' performance by achieving higher salt removal characteristics, lower energy consumption, and better ion selectivity. Therefore, a novel CDI technology named Faradaic CDI (FCDI) that implements faradaic electrode materials arose as a high-performance CDI cell design. In this work, the application of FCDI cells in desalination and wastewater treatment systems is reviewed. First, the progress done on using various FCDI systems for saline water desalination is summarized and discussed. Next, the application of FCDI in wastewater treatment applications and selective ion removal is presented. A thorough comparison between FCDI and conventional carbon-based CDI is carried out in terms of working principle, electrode material's cost, salt removal performance, energy consumption, advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, future research consideration regarding FCDI technology is included to drive this technology closer towards practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Taha Sayed
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, Elminia, Egypt
| | - Muaz Al Radi
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aasim Ahmad
- Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, Elminia, Egypt; Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hussain Alawadhi
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Dept. of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muataz Ali Atieh
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - A G Olabi
- Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Mechanical Engineering and Design, Aston University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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19
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Cao L, Li N. Activated-carbon-filled agarose hydrogel as a natural medium for seed germination and seedling growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:383-391. [PMID: 33617906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An activated-carbon-filled agarose (Agar-AC) hydrogel containing various concentrations of activated carbon (AC) was successfully fabricated through a simple solvent cast technique. Compared to pure agarose hydrogels, Agar-AC hydrogels exhibited excellent mechanical properties, good thermal stability and a highly developed pore structure. The Agar-AC hydrogels also showed a certain degree of improvement in water retention performance, while their swelling ratio decreased with the addition of AC. The incorporation of AC did not influence the crystallinity of the agarose hydrogel, and no chemical modification occurred according to XRD and FTIR. In rapeseed seed germination experiments, the growth indexes of rapeseed, including the germination percentage, root length, stem length, fresh weight and dry weight, were enhanced by the incorporation of a suitable amount of AC. These results indicated that AC has great potential to enhance the properties of agarose hydrogels and improve seed germination and plant growth, which implies that Agar-AC hydrogels can be used as natural materials for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Na Li
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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20
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Liu SH, Tang YH. Hierarchically porous biocarbons prepared by microwave-aided carbonization and activation for capacitive deionization. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Performance of ion intercalation materials in capacitive deionization/electrochemical deionization: A review. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Electrocatalytic activities of engineered carbonaceous cathodes for generation of hydrogen peroxide and oxidation of recalcitrant reactive dye. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Ren L, Zhou J, Xiong S, Wang Y. N-Doping Carbon-Nanotube Membrane Electrodes Derived from Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Capacitive Deionization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12030-12037. [PMID: 32957785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly electrochemical desalination technology which has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Electrodes are crucial to the performance of CDI processes, and utilizing a carbon-nanotubes (CNTs) membrane to fabricate electrodes is an attractive solution for advanced CDI processes. However, the strong hydrophobicity and low electrosorption capacity limit applications of CNTs membranes in CDI. To solve this problem, we introduce crystalline porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) into CNTs membranes to fabricate N-doping carbon-nanotubes membrane electrodes (NCMEs). After solvothermal growth and carbonization, CNTs membranes are successfully coated with imine-based COFs and turned into integrated NCMEs. Comparing with the CNTs membranes, the NCMEs exhibit an ∼2.3 times higher electrosorption capacity and superior reusability. This study not only confirms that COFs can be used as high-quality carbon sources but also provides a new strategy to fabricate high-performance CDI electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jiemei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, P. R. China
| | - Sen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, P. R. China
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24
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Enhanced electrosorption capacity of activated carbon electrodes for deionized water production through capacitive deionization. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Advances in Manufacturing Composite Carbon Nanofiber-Based Aerogels. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs4020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview on manufacturing composite carbon nanofiber-based aerogels through freeze casting technology. As known, freeze casting is a relatively new manufacturing technique for generating highly porous structures. During the process, deep cooling is used first to rapidly solidify a well-dispersed slurry. Then, vacuum drying is conducted to sublimate the solvent. This allows the creation of highly porous materials. Although the freeze casting technique was initially developed for porous ceramics processing, it has found various applications, especially for making aerogels. Aerogels are highly porous materials with extremely high volume of free spaces, which contributes to the characteristics of high porosity, ultralight, large specific surface area, huge interface area, and in addition, super low thermal conductivity. Recently, carbon nanofiber aerogels have been studied to achieve exceptional properties of high stiffness, flame-retardant and thermal-insulating. The freeze casting technology has been reported for preparing carbon nanofiber composite aerogels for energy storage, energy conversion, water purification, catalysis, fire prevention etc. This review deals with freeze casting carbon nanofiber composite materials consisting of functional nanoparticles with exceptional properties. The content of this review article is organized as follows. The first part will introduce the general freeze casting manufacturing technology of aerogels with the emphasis on how to use the technology to make nanoparticle-containing composite carbon nanofiber aerogels. Then, modeling and characterization of the freeze cast particle-containing carbon nanofibers will be presented with an emphasis on modeling the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the carbon nanofiber network aerogels. After that, the applications of the carbon nanofiber aerogels will be described. Examples of energy converters, supercapacitors, secondary battery electrodes, dye absorbents, sensors, and catalysts made from composite carbon nanofiber aerogels will be shown. Finally, the perspectives to future work will be presented.
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