1
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Wang X, Shi C, Zhao B, Hao X. Synthesizing LiFePO 4 by phosphate & iron recovered from sludge-incinerated ash and Li extracted from concentrated brines. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 265:122261. [PMID: 39167970 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovered from sludge-incinerated ash (SIA) could be applied to synthesize highly added-value products (FePO4 and LiFePO4) with in situ Fe in SIA. Indeed, LiFePO4 is a future of rechargeable batteries, which makes lithium (Li) highly needed. Alternatively, Li could also be extracted from concentrated brines to face a potential crisis of Li depletion on lands. Based on H3PO4 and Fe3+ co-extracted from the acidic leachate of SIA by tributyl phosphate (TBP), FePO4 (31.2 wt% Fe, 17.6 wt% P and the molar ratio of Fe/P = 0.98) was easily formed only adjusting pH of the stripping solution to 1.6. Interestingly, the organic phase from the first-stage co-extraction process of Fe3+ and H3PO4 could be utilized for Li-extraction from salt-lake brine, based on the TBP-FeCl3-kerosene system, and a good performance (78.7%) of Li-extraction and separation factors (β) (186.0-217.4) were obtained. Furthermore, the compounds with Li-extraction are complex, possibly LiFeCl4∙2TBP, in which Li+ could be stripped to form Li2CO3 by 4.0 M HCl (with a stripping rate up to 83%). Besides, Li2CO3 could also be obtained from desalinated brine by adsorption with manganese oxide ion sieve (HMO) and desorption with HCl. In the two cases, almost pure Li2CO3 products were obtained, up to 99.7 and 99.5 wt% Li2CO3 respectively, after further purification and concentration. Finally, recovered FePO4 and extracted Li2CO3 were synthesized for producing LiFePO4 that had a similar electrochemical property (69.5 and 77.8 mAh/g of the initial discharge capacity) to those synthesized from commercial raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Wang
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Chen Shi
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Bohan Zhao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China.
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2
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Xu J, Chen P. Selective biosorption of Li + in aqueous solution by lithium ion-imprinted material on the surface of chitosan/attapulgite. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133150. [PMID: 38878930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The extraction of Li+ from liquid lithium resources is a pivotal focus of current research endeavors. Attapulgite (ATP), characterized by its distinctive layered structure and inherent ion exchange properties, emerges as an exceptional material for fabricating lithium-ion sieve. Ion-imprinted chitosan/ATP composite materials are successfully synthesized, demonstrating efficacy in selectively absorbing Li+. The results emphasize the rich functional groups present in H-CTP-2, enhancing its absorbability and selectivity, with an adsorption capacity of 37.56 mg•g-1. The adsorption conforms to the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Li+ coordination involves amino and hydroxyl group, indicating a chemisorption process. Furthermore, the substantial pore structure and significant specific surface area of ATP significantly promote Li+ adsorption, suggesting its participation not only in chemisorption but also in physical adsorption. The fabricated ion-imprinted materials boast substantial adsorption capacity, exceptional selectivity, and rapid kinetics, highlighting their potential for effectively separating Li+ from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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3
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Xia Q, Deng Z, Sun S, Zhao W, Ding J, Xi B, Gao G, Wang C. Solar-enhanced lithium extraction with self-sustaining water recycling from salt-lake brines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400159121. [PMID: 38814870 PMCID: PMC11161773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400159121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithium is an emerging strategic resource for modern energy transformation toward electrification and decarbonization. However, current mainstream direct lithium extraction technology via adsorption suffers from sluggish kinetics and intensive water usage, especially in arid/semiarid and cold salt-lake regions (natural land brines). Herein, an efficient proof-of-concept integrated solar microevaporator system is developed to realize synergetic solar-enhanced lithium recovery and water footprint management from hypersaline salt-lake brines. The 98% solar energy harvesting efficiency of the solar microevaporator system, elevating its local temperature, greatly promotes the endothermic Li+ extraction process and solar steam generation. Benefiting from the photothermal effect, enhanced water flux, and enriched local Li+ supply in nanoconfined space, a double-enhanced Li+ recovery capacity was delivered (increase from 12.4 to 28.7 mg g-1) under one sun, and adsorption kinetics rate (saturated within 6 h) also reached twice of that at 280 K (salt-lake temperature). Additionally, the self-assembly rotation feature endows the microevaporator system with distinct self-cleaning desalination ability, achieving near 100% water recovery from hypersaline brines for further self-sufficient Li+ elution. Outdoor comprehensive solar-powered experiment verified the feasibility of basically stable lithium recovery ability (>8 mg g-1) directly from natural hypersaline salt-lake brines with self-sustaining water recycling for Li+ elution (440 m3 water recovery per ton Li2CO3). This work offers an integrated solution for sustainable lithium recovery with near zero water/carbon consumption toward carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Zehui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Siwei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225002, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing100012, China
| | - Guandao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
- Chongqing Innovation Research Institute of Nanjing University, Chongqing401121, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225002, China
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4
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Liu X, Zhao X. Optimization of Desalination Efficiency and Exploratory Applications of TiO 2 Active Site Electrode Enhanced by Activated Carbon and Tween 80 in Capacitive Deionization Technology. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18249-18259. [PMID: 38680309 PMCID: PMC11044207 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging desalination technology for seawater desalination. The development of high-desalination and long-life electrode materials is a research focus in the global water treatment field. In this experiment, Tween T80 was used as a surface activator, and a modified electrode was prepared by facilitating the deposition of TiO2 active sites onto the surface of activated carbon through a sol-gel/hydrothermal two-step synthesis strategy. The morphology and specific surface area of the composite material were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area measurements, and contact angle tests. The results indicated that the sol-gel/hydrothermal two-step synthesis strategy played a crucial role in the homogeneous combination and performance enhancement of the composite material. Under constant voltage mode, when the working voltage was 1.2 V, the desalination capacity of this composite material in a NaCl solution with an initial conductivity of 3000 μS·cm-1 reached 23.8 mg·g-1 (26% higher than materials prepared by conventional sol-gel methods). After 150 cycles, the capacity retention rate was 78%, and the retention capacity was significant (87%). Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of the sol-gel/hydrothermal two-step synthesis strategy in preparing high-performance CDI electrode materials. The modified electrode prepared using this method offers enhanced desalination capacity and durability, making it a promising candidate for seawater desalination and other water treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Liu
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Shandong Institute
of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- College
of Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing
AT Karamay, Karamay 834000, China
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5
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Tan G, Wan S, Chen JJ, Yu HQ, Yu Y. Reduced Lattice Constant in Al-Doped LiMn 2O 4 Nanoparticles for Boosted Electrochemical Lithium Extraction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310657. [PMID: 38193844 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Extracting lithium selectively and efficiently from brine sources is crucial for addressing energy and environmental challenges. The electrochemical system employing LiMn2O4 (LMO) electrodes has been recognized as an effective method for lithium recovery. However, the lithium selectivity and stability of LMO need further enhancement for its practical applications. Herein, the Al-doped LMO with reduced lattice constant is successfully fabricated through a facile one-step solid-state sintering method, leading to enhanced lithium selectivity. The reduced lattice constant in Al-doped LMO is proved through spectroscopic analyses and theoretic calculations. Compared to the original LMO, the Al-doped LMO (LiAl0.05Mn1.95O4, LMO-Al0.05) exhibits highercapacitance, lower resistance, and improved stability. Moreover, the LMO-Al0.05 with reduced lattice constant can offer higher Li+ diffusion coefficient and lower intercalation energy revealed by cyclic voltammetry and multiscale simulations. When employed in hybrid capacitive deionization (CDI), the LMO-Al0.05 obtains a Li+ intercalation capacity of 21.7 mg g-1 and low energy consumption of 2.6 Wh mol-1 Li+. Importantly, the LMO-Al0.05 achieves a high Li+ extraction percentage (≈86%) with Li+/Na+ and Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of 1653.8 and 434.9, respectively, in synthetic brine. The results demonstrate that the Al-doped LMO with reduced lattice constant could be a sustainable solution for electrochemical lithium extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jie-Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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6
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Sun K, Tebyetekerwa M, Zeng X, Wang Z, Duignan TT, Zhang X. Understanding the Electrochemical Extraction of Lithium from Ultradilute Solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:3997-4007. [PMID: 38366979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical extraction of lithium (Li) from aqueous sources using electrochemical means is a promising direct Li extraction technology. However, to this date, most electrochemical Li extraction studies are confined to Li-rich brine, neglecting the practical and existing Li-lean resources, with their overall extraction behaviors currently not fully understood. More still, the effect of elevated sodium (Na) concentrations typically found in most Li-lean water sources on Li extraction is unclear. Hence, in this work, we first understand the electrochemical Li extraction behaviors from ultradilute solutions using spinel lithium manganese oxide as the model electrode. We discovered that Li extraction depends highly on the Li concentration and cell operation current density. Then, we switched our focus on low Li to Na ratio solutions, revealing that Na can dominate the electrostatic screening layer, reducing Li ion concentration. Based on these understandings, we rationally employed pulsed electrochemical operation to restructure the electrode surface and distribute the surface-adsorbed species, which efficiently achieves a high Li selectivity even in extremely low initial Li/Na concentrations of up to 1:20,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Sun
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mike Tebyetekerwa
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiangkang Zeng
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhuyuan Wang
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy T Duignan
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4011, Australia
| | - Xiwang Zhang
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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7
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Zhang S, Wei X, Cao X, Peng M, Wang M, Jiang L, Jin J. Solar-driven membrane separation for direct lithium extraction from artificial salt-lake brine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:238. [PMID: 38172144 PMCID: PMC10764783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for lithium extraction from salt-lake brines is increasing to address the lithium supply shortage. Nanofiltration separation technology with high Mg2+/Li+ separation efficiency has shown great potential for lithium extraction. However, it usually requires diluting the brine with a large quantity of freshwater and only yields Li+-enriched solution. Inspired by the process of selective ion uptake and salt secretion in mangroves, we report here the direct extraction of lithium from salt-lake brines by utilizing the synergistic effect of ion separation membrane and solar-driven evaporator. The ion separation membrane-based solar evaporator is a multilayer structure consisting of an upper photothermal layer to evaporate water, a hydrophilic porous membrane in the middle to generate capillary pressure as the driving force for water transport, and an ultrathin ion separation membrane at the bottom to allow Li+ to pass through and block other multivalent ions. This process exhibits excellent lithium extraction capability. When treating artificial salt-lake brine with salt concentration as high as 348.4 g L-1, the Mg2+/Li+ ratio is reduced by 66 times (from 19.8 to 0.3). This research combines ion separation with solar-driven evaporation to directly obtain LiCl powder, providing an efficient and sustainable approach for lithium extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Wei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meiwen Peng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Zhao J, Fan R, Xiang S, Hu J, Zheng X. Preparation and Lithium-Ion Separation Property of ZIF-8 Membrane with Excellent Flexibility. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050500. [PMID: 37233561 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes exhibit immense potential for separation applications due to their regular pore channels and scalable pore sizes. However, structuring a flexible and high-quality MOF membrane remains a challenge due to its brittleness, which severely restricts its practical application. This paper presents a simple and effective method in which continuous, uniform, defect-free ZIF-8 film layers of tunable thickness are constructed on the surface of inert microporous polypropylene membranes (MPPM). To provide heterogeneous nucleation sites for ZIF-8 growth, an extensive amount of hydroxyl and amine groups were introduced on the MPPM surface using the dopamine-assisted co-deposition technique. Subsequently, ZIF-8 crystals were grown in-situ on the MPPM surface using the solvothermal method. The resultant ZIF-8/MPPM exhibited a lithium-ion permeation flux of 0.151 mol m-2 h-1 and a high selectivity of Li+/Na+ = 1.93, Li+/Mg2+ = 11.50. Notably, ZIF-8/MPPM has good flexibility, and the lithium-ion permeation flux and selectivity remain unchanged at a bending curvature of 348 m-1. These excellent mechanical characteristics are crucial for the practical applications of MOF membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Rongyu Fan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Shengchang Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jiapeng Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Ximing Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
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9
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González A, Grágeda M, Ushak S. Modeling and Validation of a LiOH Production Process by Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis from Concentrated LiCl. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:187. [PMID: 36837690 PMCID: PMC9963233 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electromembrane processes for LiOH production from lithium brines obtained from solar evaporation ponds in production processes of the Salar de Atacama are considered. In order to analyze high concentrations' effect on ion exchange membranes, the use of concentrated LiCl aqueous solutions in a bipolar membrane electrodialysis process to produce LiOH solutions higher than 3.0% by mass is initially investigated. For this purpose, a mathematical model based on the Nernst-Planck equation is developed and validated, and a parametric study is simulated considering as input variables electrolyte concentrations, applied current density, stack design, process design and membrane characteristics. As a novelty, this mathematical model allows estimating LiOH production in a wide concentration range of LiCl, HCl and LiOH solutions and its effect on the process, providing data on final LiOH solution purity, current efficiency, specific electricity consumption and membrane performance. Among the main results, a concentration of 4.0% to 4.5% by LiOH mass is achieved, with a solution purity higher than 95% by mass and specific electrical energy consumption close to 4.0 kWh/kg. The work performed provides key information on process sensitivity to operating conditions and process design characteristics. These results serve as a guide in the application of this technology to lithium hydroxide production.
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10
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Shen K, He Q, Ru Q, Tang D, Oo TZ, Zaw M, Lwin NW, Aung SH, Tan SC, Chen F. Flexible LATP composite membrane for lithium extraction from seawater via an electrochemical route. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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Electrochemical behaviors of porous spherical spinel H1.6Mn1.6O4 with high Li+ adsorption capacity. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Zhou M. Preparation of Battery Grade Li
2
CO
3
from Defective Product by the Carbonation‐Decomposition Method. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- Ningdu Ganfeng Lithium Co. Ltd. Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 P. R. China
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13
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Li Q, Liu Y, Liu Y, Ji Y, Cui Z, Yan F, Li J, Younas M, He B. Mg2+/Li+ separation by electric field assisted nanofiltration:the impacts of membrane pore structure, electric property and other process parameters. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Yu Y, Yuan Z, Yu Z, Wang C, Zhong X, Wei L, Yao Y, Sui X, Han DS, Chen Y. Thermally assisted efficient electrochemical lithium extraction from simulated seawater. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118969. [PMID: 35988333 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracting lithium electrochemically from seawater has the potential to resolve any future lithium shortage. However, electrochemical extraction only functions efficiently in high lithium concentration solutions. Herein, we discovered that lithium extraction is temperature and concentration dependent. Lithium extraction capacity (i.e., the mass of lithium extracted from the source solutions) and speed (i.e., the lithium extraction rate) in electrochemical extraction can be increased significantly in heated source solutions, especially at low lithium concentrations (e.g., < 3 mM) and high Na+/Li+ molar ratios (e.g., >1000). Comprehensive material characterization and mechanistic analyses revealed that the improved lithium extraction originates from boosted kinetics rather than thermodynamic equilibrium shifts. A higher temperature (i.e., 60 oC) mitigates the activation polarization of lithium intercalation, decreases charge transfer resistances, and improves lithium diffusion. Based on these understandings, we demonstrated that a thermally assisted electrochemical lithium extraction process could achieve rapid (36.8 mg g-1 day-1) and selective (51.79% purity) lithium extraction from simulated seawater with an ultrahigh Na+/Li+ molar ratio of 20,000. The integrated thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle can harvest thermal energy in heated source solutions, enabling a low electrical energy consumption (11.3-16.0 Wh mol-1 lithium). Furthermore, the coupled thermal-driven membrane process in the system can also produce freshwater (13.2 kg m-2 h-1) as a byproduct. Given abundant low-grade thermal energy availability, the thermally assisted electrochemical lithium extraction process has excellent potential to realize mining lithium from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Yu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ziwen Yuan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Zixun Yu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xia Zhong
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Li Wei
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiao Sui
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dong Suk Han
- Center for Advanced Materials & Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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15
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Baudino L, Santos C, Pirri CF, La Mantia F, Lamberti A. Recent Advances in the Lithium Recovery from Water Resources: From Passive to Electrochemical Methods. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201380. [PMID: 35896956 PMCID: PMC9507372 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing amount of batteries used in today's society has led to an increase in the demand of lithium in the last few decades. While mining resources of this element have been steadily exploited and are rapidly depleting, water resources constitute an interesting reservoir just out of reach of current technologies. Several techniques are being explored and novel materials engineered. While evaporation is very time-consuming and has large footprints, ion sieves and supramolecular systems can be suitably tailored and even integrated into membrane and electrochemical techniques. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the available solutions to recover lithium from water resources both by passive and electrically enhanced techniques. Accordingly, this work aims to provide in a single document a rational comparison of outstanding strategies to remove lithium from aqueous sources. To this end, practical figures of merit of both main groups of techniques are provided. An absence of a common experimental protocol and the resulting variability of data and experimental methods are identified. The need for a shared methodology and a common agreement to report performance metrics are underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Baudino
- DISAT Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e TecnologiaPolitecnico di Torinocorso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaCenter for Sustainable Future TechnologiesVia Livorno 60Torino10144Italy
| | - Cleis Santos
- Energiespeicher‐ und EnergiewandlersystemeUniversität BremenBibliothekstraße 128359BremenGermany
| | - Candido F. Pirri
- DISAT Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e TecnologiaPolitecnico di Torinocorso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaCenter for Sustainable Future TechnologiesVia Livorno 60Torino10144Italy
| | - Fabio La Mantia
- Energiespeicher‐ und EnergiewandlersystemeUniversität BremenBibliothekstraße 128359BremenGermany
| | - Andrea Lamberti
- DISAT Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e TecnologiaPolitecnico di Torinocorso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaCenter for Sustainable Future TechnologiesVia Livorno 60Torino10144Italy
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16
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Alkhadra M, Su X, Suss ME, Tian H, Guyes EN, Shocron AN, Conforti KM, de Souza JP, Kim N, Tedesco M, Khoiruddin K, Wenten IG, Santiago JG, Hatton TA, Bazant MZ. Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13547-13635. [PMID: 35904408 PMCID: PMC9413246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Alkhadra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew E. Suss
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Nancy
and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Huanhuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric N. Guyes
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amit N. Shocron
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kameron M. Conforti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - J. Pedro de Souza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nayeong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michele Tedesco
- European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Juan G. Santiago
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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17
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Wu L, Zhang C, Kim S, Hatton TA, Mo H, Waite TD. Lithium recovery using electrochemical technologies: Advances and challenges. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118822. [PMID: 35834973 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the electric-vehicle revolution, a sharp increase in lithium (Li) demand as a result of the need to produce Li-ion batteries is expected in coming years. To enable a sustainable Li supply, there is an urgent need to develop cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods to extract Li from a variety of sources including Li-rich salt-lake brines, seawater, and wastewaters. While the prevalent lime soda evaporation method is suitable for the mass extraction of Li from brine sources with low Mg/Li ratios, it is time-consuming (>1 year) and typically exhibits low Li recovery. Electrochemically-based methods have emerged as promising processes to recover Li given their ease of management, limited requirement for additional chemicals, minimal waste production, and high selectivity towards Li. This state-of-the-art review provides a comprehensive overview of current advances in two key electrochemical Li recovery technologies (electrosorption and electrodialysis) with particular attention given to advances in understanding of mechanism, materials, operational modes, and system configurations. We highlight the most pressing challenges these technologies encounter including (i) limited electrode capacity, poor electrode stability and co-insertion of impurity cations in the electrosorption process, and (ii) limited Li selectivity of available ion exchange membranes, ion leakage and membrane scaling in the electrodialysis process. We then systematically describe potentially effective strategies to overcome these challenges and, further, provide future perspectives, particularly with respect to the translation of innovation at bench-scale to industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Seoni Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Hengliang Mo
- Beijing Origin Water Membrane Technology Company Limited, Huairou, Beijing 101400, PR China
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, PR China.
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18
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Zhan H, Qiao Y, Qian Z, Li J, Wu Z, Hao X, Liu Z. Manganese-based spinel adsorbents for lithium recovery from aqueous solutions by electrochemical technique. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Xiong Y, Ge T, Xu L, Wang L, He J, Zhou X, Tian Y, Zhao Z. A fundamental study on selective extraction of Li + with dibenzo-14-crown-4 ether: Toward new technology development for lithium recovery from brines. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114705. [PMID: 35217444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study has proposed a selective Li+ extraction process using a novel extractant of dibenzo-14-crown-4 ether functionalized with an alkyl C16 chain (DB14C4-C16) synthesized based on the ion imprinting technology (IIT). Theoretical analysis of the possible complexes formed by DB14C4-C16 with Li+ and the competing ions of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ was performed through density functional theory (DFT) modeling. The Gibbs free energy change of the complexes of metal ions with DB14C4-C16 and water molecules were calculated to be -125.81 and -166.01 kJ/mol for lithium, -55.73 and -117.77 kJ/mol for sodium, and -196.02 and -291.52 kJ/mol for magnesium, respectively. Furthermore, the solvent extraction experiments were carried out in both single Li+ and multi-ions containing solutions, and the results delivered a good selectivity of DB14C4-C16 towards Li+ over the competing ions, showing separation coefficients of 68.09 for Ca2+-Li+, 24.53 for K+-Li+, 16.32 for Na+-Li+, and 3.99 for Mg2+-Li+ under the optimal conditions. The experimental results are generally in agreement with the theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhang Xiong
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, PR China
| | - Tao Ge
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, PR China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, PR China; Low-Carbon Research Institute, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, PR China.
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, PR China
| | - Jindong He
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Zhou
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, PR China
| | - Yongpan Tian
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, PR China; Low-Carbon Research Institute, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, PR China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, PR China; Low-Carbon Research Institute, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, PR China.
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20
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Gao Y, Pan Z, Sun J, Liu Z, Wang J. High-Energy Batteries: Beyond Lithium-Ion and Their Long Road to Commercialisation. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:94. [PMID: 35384559 PMCID: PMC8986960 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries of high energy density and overall performance are becoming a critically important technology in the rapidly changing society of the twenty-first century. While lithium-ion batteries have so far been the dominant choice, numerous emerging applications call for higher capacity, better safety and lower costs while maintaining sufficient cyclability. The design space for potentially better alternatives is extremely large, with numerous new chemistries and architectures being simultaneously explored. These include other insertion ions (e.g. sodium and numerous multivalent ions), conversion electrode materials (e.g. silicon, metallic anodes, halides and chalcogens) and aqueous and solid electrolytes. However, each of these potential "beyond lithium-ion" alternatives faces numerous challenges that often lead to very poor cyclability, especially at the commercial cell level, while lithium-ion batteries continue to improve in performance and decrease in cost. This review examines fundamental principles to rationalise these numerous developments, and in each case, a brief overview is given on the advantages, advances, remaining challenges preventing cell-level implementation and the state-of-the-art of the solutions to these challenges. Finally, research and development results obtained in academia are compared to emerging commercial examples, as a commentary on the current and near-future viability of these "beyond lithium-ion" alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore.
- ST Engineering Advanced Material Engineering Pte. Ltd., Singapore, 619523, Singapore.
| | - Zhenghui Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China.
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Zhaolin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
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21
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Han J, Li B, Nai X, Wu P, Zhang B, Dong Y, Li W, Liu X. Facile strategy for the construction of a robust underbrine superoleophobic membrane for highly efficient oil-brine separation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Fang JW, Wang J, Ji ZY, Cui JL, Guo ZY, Liu J, Zhao YY, Yuan JS. Establishment of PPy-derived carbon encapsulated LiMn2O4 film electrode and its performance for efficient Li+ electrosorption. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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23
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Niu J, Yan W, Song X, Ji W, Wang Z, Hao X, Guan G. An electrically switched ion exchange system with self-electrical-energy recuperation for efficient and selective LiCl separation from brine lakes. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Selective separation of lithium from the high magnesium brine by the extraction system containing phosphate-based ionic liquids. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Zhao X, Yang H, Wang Y, Yang L, Zhu L. Lithium extraction from brine by an asymmetric hybrid capacitor composed of heterostructured lithium-rich cathode and nano-bismuth anode. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Positively charged nanofiltration membrane based on (MWCNTs-COOK)-engineered substrate for fast and efficient lithium extraction. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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27
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Simple and Rapid Preparation of MIL-121 with Small Particles for Lithium Adsorption from Brine. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11070854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to generate an aluminum-based MOF material named as MIL-121 was investigated. MIL-121, [Al(OH)(H2BTEC)·(H2O)]n is a prototypal aluminum MOF with 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (BTEC) linkers, which was normally produced by the hydrothermal method. Different from the hydrothermal method, the developed novel method does not involve high temperature and high pressure, instead the MOF material was produced by the traditional cooling crystallization method at ambient pressure and low temperature below 100 °C. The MIL-121 obtained by the novel method possesses the same lithium adsorption performance as that obtained by hydrothermal method, but with lower energy consumption and more environmentally friendly. Compared with hydrothermal method, this method has more advantage to be scaled up to industrialized production. The formation mechanism of MIL-121 in the novel method including nucleation and growth process of MOF crystal was studied. The results indicated that the size and morphology of MIL-121 crystals were influenced by the temperature and additives, respectively. As the reaction temperature increased to 100 °C, the operation time can be shortened to 2–5 h. The crystal habit that was predicted by Material studio software using BFDH, which is a model for crystal habit prediction proposed by Bravais, Friedel, Donnay, and Harker based on the crystal lattice parameters and crystal symmetry in the Morphology module, the simulated morphology of MIL-121 was in accord with that of the products obtained by cooling crystallization. The thermal stability of MIL-121 obtained by cooling crystallization is better than that obtained by the hydrothermal method.
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28
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Zhou J, Jiao Z, Zhu Q, Li Y, Ge L, Wu L, Yang Z, Xu T. Biselective microporous Trӧger's base membrane for effective ion separation. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Magnetic graphene oxide surface lithium ion-imprinted material towards lithium extraction from salt lake. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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30
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Crown ether functionalized polysulfone membrane coupling with electric field for Li+selective separation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Cheng Q, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Sun W, Li B, Wang D, Li Z. High specific surface crown ether modified chitosan nanofiber membrane by low-temperature phase separation for efficient selective adsorption of lithium. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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32
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Wang L, Rehman D, Sun PF, Deshmukh A, Zhang L, Han Q, Yang Z, Wang Z, Park HD, Lienhard JH, Tang CY. Novel Positively Charged Metal-Coordinated Nanofiltration Membrane for Lithium Recovery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:16906-16915. [PMID: 33798334 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) with high water flux and precise separation performance with high Li+/Mg2+ selectivity is ideal for lithium brine recovery. However, conventional polyamide-based commercial NF membranes are ineffective in lithium recovery processes due to their undesired Li+/Mg2+ selectivity. In addition, they are constrained by the water permeance selectivity trade-off, which means that a highly permeable membrane often has lower selectivity. In this study, we developed a novel nonpolyamide NF membrane based on metal-coordinated structure, which exhibits simultaneously improved water permeance and Li+/Mg2+ selectivity. Specifically, the optimized Cu-m-phenylenediamine (MPD) membrane demonstrated a high water permeance of 16.2 ± 2.7 LMH/bar and a high Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of 8.0 ± 1.0, which surpassed the trade-off of permeance selectivity. Meanwhile, the existence of copper in the Cu-MPD membrane further enhanced anti-biofouling property and the metal-coordinated nanofiltration membrane possesses a pH-responsive property. Finally, a transport model based on the Nernst-Planck equations has been developed to fit the water flux and rejection of uncharged solutes to the experiments conducted. The model had a deviation below 2% for all experiments performed and suggested an average pore radius of 1.25 nm with a porosity of 21% for the Cu-MPD membrane. Overall, our study provides an exciting approach for fabricating a nonpolyamide high-performance nanofiltration membrane in the context of lithium recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Danyal Rehman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peng-Fei Sun
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Akshay Deshmukh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qi Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhongying Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hee-Deung Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - John H Lienhard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China
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33
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Romero V, Llano K, Calvo E. Electrochemical extraction of lithium by ion insertion from natural brine using a flow-by reactor: Possibilities and limitations. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.106980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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34
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Towards source reduction and green sustainability of metal-bearing waste streams: The electrochemical processes. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Development of electrochemical lithium extraction based on a rocking chair system of LiMn2O4/Li1-xMn2O4: Self-driven plus external voltage driven. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Yoshizuka K, Nishihama S, Takano M, Asano S. Lithium Recovery from Brines with Novel λ-MnO2 Adsorbent Synthesized by Hydrometallurgical Method. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2021.1876443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuharu Yoshizuka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Syouhei Nishihama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takano
- Niihama Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd, Niihama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Niihama Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd, Niihama, Japan
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37
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Yuan Z, Yu Y, Wei L, Wang C, Zhong X, Sui X, Yu Z, Han DS, Shon H, Chen Y. Thermo-osmosis-Coupled Thermally Regenerative Electrochemical Cycle for Efficient Lithium Extraction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6276-6285. [PMID: 33497188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) production based on the soda evaporation process is time-consuming and unsustainable. The emerging electrochemical Li extraction is time-efficient but requires high-concentration Li sources and significant electrical energy input. Here, we demonstrate a fast, energy-saving, and environment-friendly Li production process by coupling a thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle (TREC) using lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) electrodes with poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane-based thermo-osmosis (denoted as TO-TREC). The characterization of LMO and NiHCF electrodes confirmed that the relatively high temperature of TO-TREC has negligible adverse effects on the ion intercalation in LMO and NiHCF electrodes. The LMO/NiHCF pair has a positive temperature coefficient of 0.843 mV K-1. In the TO-TREC process, Li ions are selectively extracted from a Li-containing brine warmed by low-grade heat and then released into a room-temperature recovery solution such as LiCl with a production rate of 50-60 mmol Li+ m-2 h-1. Li source solutions are concentrated by thermo-osmosis simultaneously, making it possible to utilize previously unusable Li-containing sources, such as concentrated brines from desalination plants and industrial effluents. Besides, the TREC harvests thermal energy from the heated brine, saving >20% of electrical energy compared to conventional electrochemical methods. The new process shows the potential to meet the growing global Li demands for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Yuan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yanxi Yu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Li Wei
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xia Zhong
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiao Sui
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zixun Yu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dong Suk Han
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 24106, Qatar
| | - Hokyong Shon
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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