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Tan SCL, He Z, Wang G, Yu Y, Yang L. Protein-Templated Metal Nanoclusters: Molecular-like Hybrids for Biosensing, Diagnostics and Pharmaceutics. Molecules 2023; 28:5531. [PMID: 37513403 PMCID: PMC10383052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of proteins as biomolecular templates to synthesize atomically precise metal nanoclusters has been gaining traction due to their appealing properties such as photoluminescence, good colloidal- and photostability and biocompatibility. The synergistic effect of using a protein scaffold and metal nanoclusters makes it especially attractive for biomedical applications. Unlike other reviews, we focus on proteins in general as the protective ligand for various metal nanoclusters and highlight their applications in the biomedical field. We first introduce the approaches and underlined principles in synthesizing protein-templated metal nanoclusters and summarize some of the typical proteins that have been used thus far. Afterwards, we highlight the key physicochemical properties and the characterization techniques commonly used for the size, structure and optical properties of protein-templated metal nanoclusters. We feature two case studies to illustrate the importance of combining these characterization techniques to elucidate the formation process of protein-templated metal nanoclusters. Lastly, we highlight the promising applications of protein-templated metal nanoclusters in three areas-biosensing, diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherwin Chong Li Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhijian He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Guan Wang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yong Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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Liao Y, Zhang Y, Su A, Zhang Y, Wang H, Yang W, Pang P. Zr 4+-mediated DNAzyme-driven DNA walker amplification strategy for electrochemical assay of protein kinase a activity and inhibition. Talanta 2023; 260:124612. [PMID: 37141826 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) can regulate many cellular biological processes by phosphorylation substrate peptide or protein. Sensitive detection of PKA activity is critical for the PKA-related drug discovery and disease diagnosis. A new electrochemical biosensing method was developed for detection of PKA activity based on Zr4+-mediated DNAzyme-driven DNA walker signal amplification strategy. In this strategy, the special designed substrate peptide and a thiolated methylene blue-labeled hairpin DNA (MB-hpDNA) containing a single ribonucleic acid group (rA) could be anchored on the surface of gold electrode by Au-S bond. In the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and PKA, substrate peptide was phosphorylated and linked with walker DNA (WD) via the robust phosphate-Zr4+-phosphate chemistry. The linked WD hybridized with the loop region of MB-hpDNA to form a Mn2+-dependent deoxynuclease (DNAzyme), which cleaved the MB-hpDNA into MB-labeled fragment releasing away from electrode surface, resulting in a dramatic decrease of electrochemical signal and providing an electrochemical sensing platform for PKA activity detection. The response signal of the developed biosensor is proportional to the logarithm of PKA concentration in the range of 0.05 U mL-1 to 100 U mL-1, with a detection limit of 0.017 U mL-1 at a signal to noise ratio of 3. Furthermore, the proposed method can also be applied for the evaluation of PKA inhibition and PKA activity assay in cell samples. Therefore, the proposed biosensor shows great promise as a universal tool for diagnostics and drug discovery of PKA-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials of Yunnan Province Education Department, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yingqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials of Yunnan Province Education Department, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Aiwen Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials of Yunnan Province Education Department, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials of Yunnan Province Education Department, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials of Yunnan Province Education Department, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
| | - Pengfei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials of Yunnan Province Education Department, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
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Li L, Wang X, Chen J, Huang T, Cao H, Liu X. A Novel Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor Based on Resonance Energy Transfer between g-CN and NU-1000(Zr) for Ultrasensitive Detection of Ochratoxin A in Coffee. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040707. [PMID: 36832782 PMCID: PMC9955951 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on nanobody heptamer and resonance energy transfer (RET) between g-C3N4 (g-CN) and NU-1000(Zr) was proposed for ultrasensitive ochratoxin A (OTA) detection. First, OTA heptamer fusion protein was prepared by fusing OTA-specific nanometric (Nb28) with a c-terminal fragment of C4 binding protein (C4bpα) (Nb28-C4bpα). Then, Nb28-C4bpα heptamer with the high affinity used as a molecular recognition probe, of which plenty of binding sites were provided for OTA-Apt-NU-1000(Zr) nanocomposites, thereby improving the immunosensors' sensitivity. In addition, the quantitative analysis of OTA can be achieved by using the signal quenching effect of NU-1000(Zr) on g-CN. As the concentration of OTA increases, the amount of OTA-Apt-NU-1000(Zr) fixed on the electrode surface decreases. RET between g-CN and NU-1000(Zr) is weakened leading to the increase of ECL signal. Thus, OTA content is indirectly proportional to ECL intensity. Based on the above principle, an ultra-sensitive and specific ECL immunosensor for OTA detection was constructed by using heptamer technology and RET between two nanomaterials, with a range from 0.1 pg/mL to 500 ng/mL, and the detection limit of only 33 fg/mL. The prepared ECL-RET immunosensor showed good performance and can be successfully used for the determination of OTA content in real coffee samples, suggesting that the nanobody polymerization strategy and the RET effect between NU-1000(Zr) and g-CN can provide an alternative for improving the sensitivity of important mycotoxin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhi Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Biosensors for the detection of protein kinases: Recent progress and challenges. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Luo QX, Cai YJ, Mao XL, Li YJ, Zhang CR, Liu X, Chen XR, Liang RP, Qiu JD. Tuned-Potential Covalent organic framework Electrochemiluminescence platform for lutetium analysis. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cao Y, Zhou JL, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Zhu JJ. Recent progress of metal nanoclusters in electrochemiluminescence. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8927-8937. [PMID: 35593102 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (MeNCs), composed of a few to hundreds of metal atoms and appropriate surface ligands, have attracted extensive interest in the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) realm owing to their molecule-like optical, electronic, and physicochemical attributes and are strongly anticipated for discrete energy levels, fascinating electrocatalytic activity, and good biocompatibility. Over the past decade, huge efforts have been devoted to the synthesis, properties, and application research of ECL-related MeNCs, and this field is still a subject of heightened concern. Therefore, this perspective aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances of MeNCs in the ECL domain, mainly covering the emerged ECL available MeNCs, unique chemical and optical properties, and the general ECL mechanisms. Synthesis strategies for desirable ECL performance are further highlighted, and the resulting ECL sensing applications utilizing MeNCs as luminophores, quenchers, and substrates are discussed systematically. Finally, we anticipate the future prospects and challenges in the development of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Jia-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Yanwen Ma
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210046, PR China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210046, PR China.
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Liu S, Zheng S, Chu J. Cationic Polythiophene-based Colorimetric Assay for Probing the Activity of Protein Kinase A. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1039-1043. [PMID: 33250451 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20n034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel colorimetric assay based on polythiophene derivative (PMNT) was designed for the detection of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can catalyze the phosphorylation of peptide, leading to the conformation change of PMNT from random-coil to planar, with the disappearance of absorption peaks above 500 nm and a color change from pink to yellow. The fabricated assay exhibits a wide linear range of 0.05 - 20 U/mL with a detection limit of 0.02 U/mL for PKA activity detection. The proposed protocol has promising prospects for use in clinical diagnosis related to PKA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University
| | - Sitian Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University
| | - Jing Chu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University
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Cho H, Lee CS, Kim TH. Label-Free Assay of Protein Kinase A Activity and Inhibition Using a Peptide-Based Electrochemical Sensor. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040423. [PMID: 33924719 PMCID: PMC8069798 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a simple label-free electrochemical biosensor for monitoring protein kinase activity and inhibition using a peptide-modified electrode. The biosensor employs cys-kemptide (CLRRASLG) as a substrate peptide which was immobilized on the surface of a gold electrode via the self-assembly of the thiol terminals in cysteine (C) residues. The interaction between protein kinase A (PKA) and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) on the cys-kemptide immobilized electrode can cause the transfer of ATP terminal phosphates to the peptide substrates at serine (S) residues, which alters the surface charge of the electrode, thus enabling monitoring of the PKA activity via measuring the interfacial electron transfer resistance with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The proposed sensor showed reliable, sensitive, and selective detection of PKA activity with a wide dynamic range of 0.1–100 U/mL and a detection limit of 56 mU/mL. The sensor also exhibited high selectivity, rendering it possible to screen PKA inhibitors. Moreover, the sensor can be employed to evaluate the activity and inhibition of PKA in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Cho
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (H.C.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Chang-Seuk Lee
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (H.C.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (H.C.); (C.-S.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-530-4722; Fax: +82-41-530-1247
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Cheng W, Ma J, Xiang L, Sun Y, Huang W, Zhang Z, Kong D, Li J. Zr 4+-mediated hybrid chain reaction and its application for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of protein kinase A. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107796. [PMID: 33744680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical platform has been developed to detect protein kinase activity through the combined actions of Zr4+ mediated signal transition and hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-stimulated DNAzymes nanowires. First of all, protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates substrate peptides immobilized on gold electrode surface. Thereafter, the DNA1 containing 5'-phosphoryl ends is linked to the phosphorylated substrate peptide via the robust phosphate-Zr4+-phosphate linkages. By the introduction of molecular beacons (MBs), the DNA1 can open the hairpin structures of MBs through toehold mediated strand displacement (TMSDR), leading to an autonomous stem-opening process and subsequent assembly of G-quadruplex-containing DNA chains by HCR. After the addition of hemin, the formed HRP-mimicking DNAzymes can catalyze the hydroquinone-H2O2 system to generate amplified electrochemical signals. As expected, this method can achieve ultrahigh analytical performance with a low detection limit of 0.02U/mL and exhibit high cost-savings potential without the need for antibody, protease and labeling. Therefore, this method can serve as a new tool for the assay of protein kinase A and its inhibitor screening in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing 211300, PR China
| | - Jiehua Ma
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China
| | - Liangliang Xiang
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing 211300, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing 211300, PR China
| | - Zhaoli Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, PR China
| | - Dehua Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing 211300, PR China.
| | - Jinlong Li
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, PR China.
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Chouhan RS, Jerman I, Heath D, Bohm S, Gandhi S, Sadhu V, Baker S, Horvat M. Emerging tri‐s‐triazine‐based graphitic carbon nitride: A potential signal‐transducing nanostructured material for sensor applications. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Jerman
- National Institute of Chemistry Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - David Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Sivasambu Bohm
- Royal Society Industry Fellow Molecular Science Research Hub Imperial College London London UK
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT‐National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (DBT‐NIAB) Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Veera Sadhu
- School of Physical Sciences Kakatiya Institute of Technology & Science (KITS) Warangal Telangana India
| | - Syed Baker
- Department of Microbiology Prof. V.F. Voino‐Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk Siberia Russian Federation
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia
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Han S, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Xu G. Recent Advances in Electrochemiluminescence and Chemiluminescence of Metal Nanoclusters. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215208. [PMID: 33182342 PMCID: PMC7664927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs), including Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Ni and alloy NCs, have become more and more popular sensor probes with good solubility, biocompatibility, size-dependent luminescence and catalysis. The development of electrochemiluminescent (ECL) and chemiluminescent (CL) analytical methods based on various metal NCs have become research hotspots. To improve ECL and CL performances, many strategies are proposed, from metal core to ligand, from intermolecular electron transfer to intramolecular electron transfer. Combined with a variety of amplification technology, i.e., nanostructure-based enhancement and biological signal amplification, highly sensitive ECL and CL analytical methods are developed. We have summarized the research progresses since 2016. Also, we discuss the current challenges and perspectives on the development of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- School of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (S.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuhui Zhao
- School of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (S.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- School of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (S.H.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (G.X.)
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (G.X.)
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Xu RH, Chen XJ, Chen J, Liang RP, Qiu JD. Electrochemical assay of protein kinase activity based on the Fe3O4@PNE-Ti4+ functionalized PDMS microchip. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kotani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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Lee CS, Oh DE, Kim TH. Label-free assay of protein kinase A activity and inhibition in cancer cell using electrochemically-prepared AuNP/rGO nanohybrid electrode modified with C-Kemptide. Talanta 2020; 215:120899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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