1
|
Šišáková M, Helánová K, Hnatkova K, Andršová I, Novotný T, Malik M. Intra-Individual Relationship between Heart Rate Variability and the Underlying Heart Rate in Children and Adolescents. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2897. [PMID: 38792438 PMCID: PMC11121958 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: The relationship between heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) indices has been repeatedly studied in adults but limited data are available on the relationship in paediatric populations. Methods: Continuous 12-lead electrocardiograms were recorded in 1016 healthy children and adolescents (534 females) aged 4 to 19 years during postural manoeuvres with rapid changes between 10-min positions of supine → sitting → standing → supine → standing → sitting → supine. In each position, the averaged RR interval was measured together with four HRV indices, namely the SDNN, RMSSD, quasi-normalised high-frequency components (qnHF), and the proportions of low- and high-frequency components (LF/HF). In each subject, the slope of the linear regression between the repeated HRV measurements and the corresponding RR interval averages was calculated. Results: The intra-subject regression slopes, including their confidence intervals, were related to the age and sex of the subjects. The SDNN/RR, RMSSD/RR, and qnHF/RR slopes were significantly steeper (p < 0.001) and the (LF/HF)/RR slopes were significantly shallower (p < 0.001) in younger children compared to older children and adolescents. Conclusions: The study suggests that sympathetic and vagal influences on heart rate are present in both younger and older children. With advancing age, the sympatho-vagal balance gradually develops and allows the vagal control to suppress the sympathetic drive towards higher heart rates seen in younger age children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Šišáková
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (I.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Helánová
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (I.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hnatkova
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK; (K.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Irena Andršová
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (I.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Novotný
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (I.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK; (K.H.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Del Castillo MG, Hernando D, Orini M, Laguna P, Viik J, Bailón R, Pueyo E. QT variability unrelated to RR variability during stress testing for identification of coronary artery disease. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200261. [PMID: 34689618 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stress test electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis is widely used for coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis despite its limited accuracy. Alterations in autonomic modulation of cardiac electrical activity have been reported in CAD patients during acute ischemia. We hypothesized that those alterations could be reflected in changes in ventricular repolarization dynamics during stress testing that could be measured through QT interval variability (QTV). However, QTV is largely dependent on RR interval variability (RRV), which might hinder intrinsic ventricular repolarization dynamics. In this study, we investigated whether different markers accounting for low-frequency (LF) oscillations of QTV unrelated to RRV during stress testing could be used to separate patients with and without CAD. Power spectral density of QTV unrelated to RRV was obtained based on time-frequency coherence estimation. Instantaneous LF power of QTV and QTV unrelated to RRV were obtained. LF power of QTV unrelated to RRV normalized by LF power of QTV was also studied. Stress test ECG of 100 patients were analysed. Patients referred to coronary angiography were classified into non-CAD or CAD group. LF oscillations in QTV did not show significant differences between CAD and non-CAD groups. However, LF oscillations in QTV unrelated to RRV were significantly higher in the CAD group as compared with the non-CAD group when measured during the first phases of exercise and last phases of recovery. ROC analysis of these indices revealed area under the curve values ranging from 61 to 73%. Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed LF power of QTV unrelated to RRV, both during the first phase of exercise and last phase of recovery, as independent predictors of CAD. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of removing the influence of RRV when measuring QTV during stress testing for CAD identification and supports the added value of LF oscillations of QTV unrelated to RRV to diagnose CAD from the first minutes of exercise. This article is part of the theme issue 'Advanced computation in cardiovascular physiology: new challenges and opportunities'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Hernando
- I3A, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Laguna
- I3A, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jari Viik
- Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Raquel Bailón
- I3A, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Pueyo
- I3A, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Calleja-Romero A, López-Laval I, Sitko S, Hernando D, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Bailón R, Garatachea N. Effects of a 75-km mountain ultra-marathon on heart rate variability in amateur runners. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1401-1407. [PMID: 32550715 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of a mountain ultra-marathon (MUM) on the activity of the autonomous nervous system through heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring and determined whether this variable related to final performance. METHODS Heart rate and HRV were measured in eight male amateur runners (aged 37-60 years). Measurements were recorded before and after the event, in resting conditions, as well as continuously throughout the whole MUM. In addition, percentage (%) of heart rate reserve (HR<inf>res</inf>) and partial and total times during the race were analyzed. RESULTS Average heart rate (HR<inf>avg</inf>) measured at rest was increased after the event (+37%). Standard deviation of successive differences (SDSD) and the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD) were reduced after the MUM (-56% and -59%, respectively). There was a positive relationship between the frequency-domain index normalized low frequency power (PLFn) measured at rest before the event and race time (0.79) while there was a negative relationship between race time and the difference in HR<inf>avg</inf> before and after the event. In the last half of the event, there was a high correlation (Spearman coefficient of correlation >0.9) between race time and the standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN) registered during the race. CONCLUSIONS Autonomous cardiac regulation can be related to the performance in a mountain ultra-marathon. HRV monitoring could represent a practical tool for the evaluation of the relationship between the autonomous nervous system activity and performance in a mountain ultra-marathon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Calleja-Romero
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain -
| | - Isaac López-Laval
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Sebastian Sitko
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - David Hernando
- BSICoS Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER- Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-Obn), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Bailón
- BSICoS Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER- Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Garatachea
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-Obn), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.,National Sports Council, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhati P, Moiz JA, Naqvi IH, Hussain ME. Diagnostic performance of resting and post-exercise heart rate variability for detecting cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Auton Neurosci 2019; 219:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
5
|
Hernando D, Garatachea N, Almeida R, Casajús JA, Bailón R. Validation of Heart Rate Monitor Polar RS800 for Heart Rate Variability Analysis During Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:716-725. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
6
|
Methodological framework for heart rate variability analysis during exercise: application to running and cycling stress testing. Med Biol Eng Comput 2017; 56:781-794. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-017-1724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Hernando A, Hernando D, Garatachea N, Casajus JA, Bailon R. Attenuation of the influence of cardiolocomotor coupling in heart rate variability interpretation during exercise test. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:1508-11. [PMID: 26736557 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7318657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
During exercise test, cardiolocomotor coupling related components appear in heart rate variability (HRV), blurring its interpretation as autonomic nervous system (ANS) marker. These cardiolocomotor coupling related components are centered at the pedalling and running stride frequency, as well as at their aliases, and may overlap with the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) components of HRV. In this work cardiolocomotor-related HRV components are studied during maximal exercise test on treadmill and cycle ergometer. Power in the bands related to cardiolocomotor coupling increases with exercise intensity in cycle ergometer but not in treadmill exercise test, where it displays higher values for all exercise intensities. A method is proposed to reduce the effect of this coupling in the interpretation of HRV. Evolution of the power in the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands are studied after the proposed reduction of cardiolocomotor coupling, showing more significant changes with exercise intensity than before the method is applied.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bailon R, Garatachea N, de la Iglesia I, Casajus JA, Laguna P. Influence of Running Stride Frequency in Heart Rate Variability Analysis During Treadmill Exercise Testing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2013; 60:1796-805. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2013.2242328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
9
|
Orini M, Bailón R, Mainardi L, Laguna P. Synthesis of HRV signals characterized by predetermined time-frequency structure by means of time-varying ARMA models. Biomed Signal Process Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|