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Sanchez-Gomez R, Gomez-Carrion A, Martinez-Sebastian C, Alou L, Sevillano D, Nuñez-Fernandez A, Sanz-Wozniak P, de la Cruz-Torres B. Innovative Medial Cushioning Orthoses Affect Peroneus Longus Electromyographic Activity during Running. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1339. [PMID: 35268430 PMCID: PMC8911408 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Over-supination processes of the foot and ankle involving peroneus longus (PL) damage during running sports have been treated conservatively with passive control tools, such as tapes, braces, or external ankle supports, but the effect of orthoses with typical lateral wedging orthoses (TLWO) on the muscular activity of PL during running remains unclear. Here we investigate the effects of innovative medial cushioning orthoses (IMCO) on PL activity during the full running gait cycle. In addition, we wished to ascertain the effects of innovative medial cushioning orthoses (IMCO) on PL activity during running. Methods: Thirty-one healthy recreational runners (mean age 34.5 ± 3.33) with neutral foot posture index scores, were selected to participate in the present study. They ran on a treadmill at 9 km/h wearing seven different orthoses (NRS, IMCO 3 mm, IMCO 6 mm, IMCO 9 mm, TLWO 3 mm, TLWO 6 mm and TLWO 9 mm), randomly performed on the same day while electromyographic activity of the PL muscle was recorded. Statistical intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to test reliability was carried out and the Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni’s correction was developed to analyze the differences between the conditions. Results: the reliability of all assessments showed data higher than 0.81, that is, “almost perfect reliability”; all EMG PL values wearing either TLWO or IMCO showed a statistically significant reduction versus NRS during the fully analyzed running gait cycle; the highest difference was set on NRS 23.08 ± 6.67 to TLWO 9 mm 17.77 ± 4.794 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Muscular EMG activity of the PL during the full running gait cycle decreases when wearing either TLWO or IMCO relative to NRS; therefore, these orthoses could be prescribed to treat the strain and overload pathologies of PL. In addition, IMCO—as it less thick, compared with TLWO—can be used when aiming to achieve better running economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Sanchez-Gomez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (C.M.-S.); (A.N.-F.); (P.S.-W.)
| | - Alvaro Gomez-Carrion
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (C.M.-S.); (A.N.-F.); (P.S.-W.)
| | - Carlos Martinez-Sebastian
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (C.M.-S.); (A.N.-F.); (P.S.-W.)
| | - Luis Alou
- Microbiology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.); (D.S.)
| | - David Sevillano
- Microbiology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Almudena Nuñez-Fernandez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (C.M.-S.); (A.N.-F.); (P.S.-W.)
| | - Paola Sanz-Wozniak
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (C.M.-S.); (A.N.-F.); (P.S.-W.)
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Saeki J, Shiotani H, Kawakami Y. Effect of shod and barefoot running on muscle mechanical properties. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:883-889. [PMID: 34609097 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barefoot runners have a higher probability of lower leg and foot disorders compared to runners wearing traditional running shoes. However, the site of muscle stress due to barefoot running has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the effects of shod and barefoot running on muscle mechanical properties. METHODS A total of 18 healthy male subjects were included in this study and were assigned to either the shod running group or the barefoot running group. While the shod group ran on the treadmill at a speed of 75% heart rate reserve for 45 min with shoes, the barefoot group ran without shoes after warm up session. As an index of muscle stiffness, the shear wave velocity (SWV) of the eleven lower extremity muscles were measured at rest before and after exercise using shear wave elastography. RESULTS The tibialis posterior SWV was increased after running in the shod (3.67 ± 0.41 m/s to 3.90 ± 0.45 m/s) and barefoot (3.70 ± 0.36 m/s to 4.02 ± 0.54 m/s) groups. In contrast, the vastus lateralis SWV was increased only in the shod group (2.62 ± 0.32 m/s to 2.80 ± 0.34 m/s), while the peroneus muscle SWV increased only in the barefoot group (3.24 ± 0.48 m/s to 3.50 ± 0.55 m/s and 2.92 ± 0.5 m/s to 3.11 ± 0.49 m/s for the superficial and deep layers, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The shod condition selectively influences changes in the stiffness of the vastus lateralis and peroneus muscles during running but has no effect on the tibialis posterior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Saeki
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan -
| | - Hiroto Shiotani
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kawakami
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Knuckles AM, Torp DM, Hubbard-Turner T, Donovan L, Thomas AC. Multi-axis destabilisation device influences plantar pressure distribution in adults with chronic ankle instability. Sports Biomech 2021; 21:501-516. [PMID: 33779500 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1896773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) walk with increased lateral plantar pressure, precipitating future injuries. Gait retraining to medially shift plantar pressure may prevent recurrent injury. We assessed if a multi-axis destabilisation device changed plantar pressure and muscle activity in patients with CAI during walking. Twelve adults with CAI (age: 23.6 ± 5.0 years; body mass index: 26.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2) participated. Insole plantar pressure and electro-myography were collected synchronously during treadmill walking. The destabilisation device had a half-sphere under both the rearfoot and forefoot. Two 30s walking trials were recorded at baseline, first without and second with the destabilisation device. After 20 min of walking with the destabilisation device, two 30s post-walking trials were collected, first with and second without the destabilisation device. The middle 10 steps of each trial were extracted, plantar pressure quantified, and data averaged across steps for repeated measures ANOVA analysis. Electromyographic data wereextracted from 50 ms pre- through 200 ms post-initial contact. The centre of pressure shifted medially during destabilisation device use (P < 0.002) versus baseline. This shift was notretained upon device removal. Thus, the device capably shifts plantar pressure while worn. Its effects beyond a single sessionare unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Knuckles
- Biodynamics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Danielle M Torp
- Biodynamics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Tricia Hubbard-Turner
- Biodynamics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Luke Donovan
- Biodynamics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Abbey C Thomas
- Biodynamics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Moisan G, Descarreaux M, Cantin V. The influence of footwear on walking biomechanics in individuals with chronic ankle instability. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239621. [PMID: 32970751 PMCID: PMC7514089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The effects of footwear on the walking kinematics, kinetics and electromyography (EMG) of individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) at different speeds are still unknown. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the kinematic, kinetic and electromyography differences between shod and barefoot walking at comfortable (CW) and fast (FW) speeds in individuals with CAI. METHODS Twenty-one individuals with CAI walked on a 5-meter walkway shod and barefoot at CW and FW speeds. A force plate was used to record the ground reaction forces, a 3-D motion analysis system to record the lower limb kinematics and a surface EMG system to collect the gluteus medius, vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius lateralis, gastrocnemius medialis, peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles activity. The dependent variables were ankle and knee angles and moments and normalized muscle activity. The shod and barefoot data during CW and FW were compared using a one-dimensional non-parametric mapping analysis. RESULTS The main results of this study were that individuals with CAI exhibited more ankle dorsiflexion angle, knee extension and tibialis anterior muscle activation during the beginning of the stance phase during shod compared to barefoot walking. Also, the biomechanical effects of shoes are similar during walking at FW and CW. CONCLUSION The biomechanical deficits associated with CAI were partly attenuated during the shod compared to the barefoot condition and these effects were similar at CW and FW. These findings are compatible with the concept that locomotor interventions using suitable shoes may enhance gait abilities in individuals with CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Moisan
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, PQ, Canada
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, PQ, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les affections neuro-musculo-squelettiques (GRAN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, PQ, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin Descarreaux
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, PQ, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les affections neuro-musculo-squelettiques (GRAN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, PQ, Canada
| | - Vincent Cantin
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, PQ, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les affections neuro-musculo-squelettiques (GRAN), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, PQ, Canada
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Naderi A, Moen MH, Degens H. Is high soleus muscle activity during the stance phase of the running cycle a potential risk factor for the development of medial tibial stress syndrome? A prospective study. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2350-2358. [PMID: 32615855 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1785186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To assess the impact of lower-leg muscle activity during the stance phase of running on the development of medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), in 123 healthy participants (18.2 ± 0.8 years), dynamic and static foot posture, and soleus and tibialis anterior muscle activity during the stance phase of running were measured before a 17-week track- and field-course. After the course, MTSS was identified in 20.5% of the participants. MTSS participants had a higher body mass (ES = 1.13), body mass index (BMI) (ES = 1.31), lower previous vigorous physical activity level (ES = 0.84) and VO2max (ES = 0.61), greater dynamic foot pronation (ES = 0.66), higher soleus peak EMG amplitude during the absorption (ES = 0.60) and propulsion phases (ES = 0.56) of running, and a history of MTSS (OR = 6.38) (p < 0.05). Stepwise logistic regression showed BMI, dynamic foot index, soleus peak EMG amplitude during propulsion, MTSS history and previous vigorous physical activity were predictors of MTSS. The model predicted 96.6% of the healthy participants and 56.5% of the MTSS participants and correctly classified 88.4% of overall cases. Coaches and sports-medicine professionals that screen for injury risk should consider adopting a comprehensive evaluation that includes these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynollah Naderi
- School of Sport Science, Shahrood University of Technology , Shahrood, Iran
| | - Maarten H Moen
- Bergman Clinics , Naarden, The Netherlands.,The Sport Physician Group, OLVG West , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Elite Sports, National Olympic Committee and National Sports Federation , Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life SciencesResearch Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University , Manchester, UK.,Institute of Sport Science & Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas, Lithuania.,University of Medicine & Pharmacy of Targu Mures , Targu Mures, Rumania
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Reeves J, Jones R, Liu A, Bent L, Plater E, Nester C. A systematic review of the effect of footwear, foot orthoses and taping on lower limb muscle activity during walking and running. Prosthet Orthot Int 2019; 43:576-596. [PMID: 31547793 DOI: 10.1177/0309364619870666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND External devices are used to manage musculoskeletal pathologies by altering loading of the foot, which could result in altered muscle activity that could have therapeutic benefits. OBJECTIVES To establish if evidence exists that footwear, foot orthoses and taping alter lower limb muscle activity during walking and running. STUDY DESIGN Systematic literature review. METHODS CINAHL, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched. Quality assessment was performed using guidelines for assessing healthcare interventions and electromyography methodology. RESULTS Thirty-one studies were included: 22 related to footwear, eight foot orthoses and one taping. In walking, (1) rocker footwear apparently decreases tibialis anterior activity and increases triceps surae activity, (2) orthoses could decrease activity of tibialis posterior and increase activity of peroneus longus and (3) other footwear and taping effects are unclear. CONCLUSION Modifications in shoe or orthosis design in the sagittal or frontal plane can alter activation in walking of muscles acting primarily in these planes. Adequately powered research with kinematic and kinetic data is needed to explain the presence/absence of changes in muscle activation with external devices. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This review provides some evidence that foot orthoses can reduce tibialis posterior activity, potentially benefitting specific musculoskeletal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Reeves
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK.,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Anmin Liu
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Leah Bent
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Plater
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Romer BH, Weimar W, Fox J. Footwear Alters Lower Extremity Coordination Variability. Percept Mot Skills 2019; 126:764-778. [PMID: 31333061 DOI: 10.1177/0031512519863183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Footwear has been shown to have a significant effect on numerous kinematic and kinetic variables during walking and running. While footwear mass is an indisputably important influence on gait patterns, we suspected that the amount of outsole material on most footwear would likely diminish or delay the integration of tactile feedback in motor control strategies during gait. Thus, we designed this study to investigate the influence of footwear and augmented tactile feedback on lower extremity coordination patterns during walking. A secondary purpose of the study was to examine gender differences in response to altered footwear conditions. Forty-eight participants (24 male and 24 females) walked during four standardized footwear conditions (barefoot, shod, barefoot with augmented tactile feedback, and shod with augmented tactile feedback), and we collected three-dimensional kinematic data and calculated continuous relative phase values for two adjacent lower extremity joints to determine interjoint coordination patterns. We used deviation phase and the mean of the continuous relative phase to compare motor coordination patterns across conditions. We found significant footwear and gender effects for spatiotemporal variables but only significant footwear effects for motor coordination patterns. Females displayed a significantly higher cadence and shorter height-normalized stride length as compared to males. Participants displayed significantly greater thigh-shank coordination variability in the shod, as compared to the unshod, conditions. Thus, footwear results in a diminished or delayed tactile feedback that alters neuromuscular control strategies during walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden H Romer
- 1 Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Wendi Weimar
- 2 School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - John Fox
- 3 Department of Physical Therapy, Methodist University, Fayetteville, NC, USA
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Hales ME, Johnson JD. The Influence of Sport-Field Properties on Muscle-Recruitment Patterns and Metabolic Response. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:83-90. [PMID: 29893589 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate different sport-field properties' influence on muscle-recruitment patterns and metabolic response during a series of running and agility drills. METHODS Eleven male athletes were fitted with a standard multipurpose training shoe. The test protocol consisting of 4 high-intensity trials with 60-s rests between trials performed on 2 fields with different properties. Time-dependent field properties were measured using the American Standards for Testing and Materials protocol (F-1936). A 30-m pretest and posttest sprint determined fatigue and player performance. Electromyography (EMG) recorded muscle activity for vastus medialis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius medial head, and tibialis anterior, and metabolic activity analyzed maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, metabolic equivalent, and energy expenditure. RESULTS A difference was calculated for muscle activity across trials (P = .01) for both surfaces. Muscle activity was <13% on the field with less energy return (P = .01). Metabolic components (maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, metabolic equivalent, and energy expenditure) were significantly different across trials (P = .01) but not significantly different between fields. The participants completed the agility course (5.2%) faster on the field with greater energy return, while caloric expenditure was similar between fields. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that field mechanical properties influence muscle-activation patterns. The field demonstrating the greatest magnitude of energy return produces the lowest sprint and agility course times; however, performing on a field exhibiting unfamiliar mechanical properties could cause the athlete to produce atypical movement patterns that might contribute to overuse of the neuromuscular system.
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Roca-Dols A, Elena Losa-Iglesias M, Sánchez-Gómez R, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, López-López D, Palomo-López P, Rodríguez-Sanz D, Calvo-Lobo C. Electromyography activity of triceps surae and tibialis anterior muscles related to various sports shoes. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 86:158-171. [PMID: 29986290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triceps surae (TS) and tibialis anterior (TA) activation patterns have not yet been studied under different types of sport shoes. We hypothesized that sports shoes may reduce the activity patterns of these muscles in relation to barefoot condition. Thus, our main aim was to evaluate the activity patterns of TS and TA muscles in healthy people during all gait phases using five types of sport shoes with respect to barefoot condition. A total sample of thirty healthy participants, mean age 36.20 ± 8.50, was recruited in a podiatry laboratory following an observational research design. During walking and running, electromyography signals were recorded from TS and TA muscles using surface electrodes in the following experimental situations: 1.) barefoot, 2.) minimalist, 3.) pronated control, 4.) air chamber, 5.) ethyl-vinyl-acetate and 6.) boost. The TS and TA showed significant reductions (P < 0.05) in the peak amplitude of different sport shoes types with respect to the barefoot condition in different phases of the gait cycle during walking and running. Nevertheless, the boost sport shoe produced statistically significant increases in the peak amplitude of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle in comparison with the barefoot condition in the midstance phase of the gait cycle during running (P = 0.047). In addition, the pronation control and air chamber sport shoes produced statistically significant increases in the peak amplitude of the TA muscle with respect to the barefoot condition in the contact phase of the gait cycle (P = 0.021; P = 0.013), respectively, during running. Despite TS and TA muscles activity patterns seem to be reduced using different sport shoes types with respect to the barefoot condition in different phases of the gait cycle during walking and running, some sport shoes may increase this muscular activity in specific phases of the gait cycle during running.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rubén Sánchez-Gómez
- School of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Spain.
| | | | - David Rodríguez-Sanz
- School of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de León, Ponferrada, León, Spain
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10
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Roca-Dols A, Losa-Iglesias ME, Sánchez-Gómez R, López-López D, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Calvo-Lobo C. Electromyography comparison of the effects of various footwear in the activity patterns of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 82:126-132. [PMID: 29597146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroneus longus and brevis (PLB) disorders are commonly in people with lateral ligamentous instability, ankle pain, lateral hindfoot pain and structures of the proximal compartment of the lower legs and their muscle activity is believed to be influenced by different footwear types. The proposal of this research is to evaluate the effects of five types of footwear with respect to the barefoot condition and analyze the activity patterns of PLB muscles in healthy subjects during the gait cycle. METHODS Thirty healthy subjects were recruited in a laboratory in this cross-sectional research design. While walking, electromyography (EMG) activity was measured from PLB via surface electrodes in six experimental conditions: 1) barefoot, 2) minimalist, 3) pronated control, 4) air chamber, 5) ethyl-vinyl-acetate (EVA) and 6) boost. These data were obtained and compared. RESULTS The peroneus brevis showed significant reductions in the peak amplitude of the five footwear types (minimalist, pronation control, air chamber, EVA and boost) with respect to the barefoot condition in the propulsion phase of the gait cycle during walking (P = 0.034; P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P = 0.006) and running (P = 0.004; P < 0.001; P = 0.001; P < 0.001; P = 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, peroneus longus showed significant reductions in the peak amplitude of these five footwear types with respect to the barefoot condition in the propulsion phase of the gait cycle during running (P = 0.005; P = 0.038; P = 0.019; P = 0.025; P = 0.021). CONCLUSION The EMG activity patterns of the PLB muscles may depend on the use of different types of sport shoes such as minimalist, pronation control, air chamber, EVA and boost footwear with respect the barefoot condition in different phases of the gait cycle during walking and running.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rubén Sánchez-Gómez
- Department, Faculty of Health, Exercise and Sport, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Unit. Department of Health Sciences. Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry. Universidade da Coruña, Spain.
| | | | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de León, Ponferrada, León, Spain
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Brauner T, Hooper S, Horstmann T, Wearing S. Effects of footwear and heel elevation on tensile load in the Achilles tendon during treadmill walking. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2017.1407965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Brauner
- Conservative & Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sue Hooper
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Scott Wearing
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Mauntel TC, Cram TR, Frank BS, Begalle RL, Norcross MF, Blackburn JT, Padua DA. Kinematic and neuromuscular relationships between lower extremity clinical movement assessments. Sports Biomech 2017; 17:273-284. [DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2017.1348536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Mauntel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Barnett S. Frank
- Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Marc F. Norcross
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - J. Troy Blackburn
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Darin A. Padua
- Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Dobson JA, Riddiford-Harland DL, Bell AF, Steele JR. Work boot design affects the way workers walk: A systematic review of the literature. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 61:53-68. [PMID: 28237020 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Safety boots are compulsory in many occupations to protect the feet of workers from undesirable external stimuli, particularly in harsh work environments. The unique environmental conditions and varying tasks performed in different occupations necessitate a variety of boot designs to match each worker's occupational safety and functional requirements. Unfortunately, safety boots are often designed more for occupational safety at the expense of functionality and comfort. In fact, there is a paucity of published research investigating the influence that specific variations in work boot design have on fundamental tasks common to many occupations, such as walking. This literature review aimed to collate and examine what is currently known about the influence of boot design on walking in order to identify gaps in the literature and develop evidence-based recommendations upon which to design future research studies investigating work boot design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Dobson
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Diane L Riddiford-Harland
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Alison F Bell
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Julie R Steele
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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14
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Lo WT, Wong DP, Yick KL, Ng SP, Yip J. Effects of custom-made textile insoles on plantar pressure distribution and lower limb EMG activity during turning. J Foot Ankle Res 2016; 9:22. [PMID: 27418948 PMCID: PMC4944460 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-016-0154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Turning during locomotion involves considerable changes of the body’s center of mass and reduced stability, as well as lower limb kinematics and kinetics. However, many previous studies have been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and applications of orthotic insoles as well as different types of orthotic materials in various clinical symptoms, which are focused primarily on straight line walking. Hence, the influence of custom-made insoles with the use of advanced three-dimensional spacer fabrics on biomechanics parameters in terms of plantar pressure distribution and lower limb electromyography during turning movement was studied. Methods Twelve subjects performed 180-degree turning at a speed 3.07-3.74 km/h for five successful trials under 3 insoles conditions: wearing traditional ethylene vinyl acetate insoles and two different spacer-fabricated insoles, with the plantar pressure and lower limb muscle activity collected simultaneously. Turning movement was broken down into 3 phases for analysis: Turning initiation, turn around and turn termination. Results There was a statistically significance difference in plantar pressure between the traditional insoles and the insoles made of a spacer fabric as the top layer (p < 0.05). Compared to the traditional insoles, insoles made of a spacer fabric reduced the peak pressure (>12 %) and pressure–time integral (>13 %) in toes, metatarsal head 1 and metatarsal heads 2–3 at turning initiation; (>15 %) and (>17 %) in medial midfoot and medial heel at turn around. Insoles with spacer fabrics on the top and middle layer reduced both pressure parameters (>18 %) in toes and MTH 1 at turn termination. In terms of muscle activities, insoles with two-layer spacer fabrics could lower maximum muscle activities of vastus lateralis (>16 %; p < 0.05) at turn around. Conclusions Insoles with different fabrications could offer various pressure offloading patterns across the plantar and muscle activity changes while turning. Insoles with a spacer fabric on the top tend to reduce plantar pressure loading at different regions during turn initiation and turn around phases, while two-layer spacer-fabricated insoles may contribute to reduced vastus lateralis muscle activation during turn around. More importantly, this study provides a new dimension in the potential use of the textile-fabricated insoles which may widen the range of insole materials selection in the design and development of insoles so as to enhance the effectiveness of orthotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Lo
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - D P Wong
- Human Performance Laboratory, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hung Hom, Hong Kong ; Sports Therapy Centre, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - K L Yick
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - S P Ng
- Hong Kong Community College, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - J Yip
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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15
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Tan JM, Auhl M, Menz HB, Levinger P, Munteanu SE. The effect of Masai Barefoot Technology (MBT) footwear on lower limb biomechanics: A systematic review. Gait Posture 2016; 43:76-86. [PMID: 26669956 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the available evidence for the effects of Masai Barefoot Technology (MBT) footwear on lower limb biomechanics during gait. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed) were searched in January 2015. Methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Quality Index. Standardised mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and meta-analysis was conducted where possible. 17 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria; 16 cross-sectional studies and one randomised control trial (RCT). Quality Index scores ranged from 7 to 12 (out of 15). All 17 studies investigated walking gait only. Evidence showed that MBT footwear caused asymptomatic individuals to walk with a shorter stride length, reduced peak hip flexion, increased peak knee extension, and reduced hip and knee range of motion throughout gait. All kinematic effects occurred in the sagittal plane. There was a trend towards a decrease in internal and external joint moments and power, except for the foot, where increases in force were observed. There were only a small number of changes to lower limb muscle amplitude and timing. No statistically significant effects were observed in symptomatic individuals with knee osteoarthritis or following total knee replacement, but there was an increase in cadence and a decrease in step length in individuals following tibiotalar arthrodesis. These findings suggest that MBT footwear does change lower limb biomechanics in both asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals during gait. However, further clinical trials need to be undertaken to determine whether these changes are therapeutically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade M Tan
- Department of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; Lower Extremity and Gait Studies Program, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Maria Auhl
- Department of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; Lower Extremity and Gait Studies Program, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Hylton B Menz
- Department of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; Lower Extremity and Gait Studies Program, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Pazit Levinger
- Clinical Exercise & Rehabilitation Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Shannon E Munteanu
- Department of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; Lower Extremity and Gait Studies Program, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, VIC 3086, Australia
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16
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Abstract
Habitual footwear use has been reported to influence foot structure with an acute exposure being shown to alter foot position and mechanics. The foot is highly specialised thus these changes in structure/position could influence functionality. This review aims to investigate the effect of footwear on gait, specifically focussing on studies that have assessed kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity between walking barefoot and in common footwear. In line with PRISMA and published guidelines, a literature search was completed across six databases comprising Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, AMED, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Fifteen of 466 articles met the predetermined inclusion criteria and were included in the review. All articles were assessed for methodological quality using a modified assessment tool based on the STROBE statement for reporting observational studies and the CASP appraisal tool. Walking barefoot enables increased forefoot spreading under load and habitual barefoot walkers have anatomically wider feet. Spatial-temporal differences including, reduced step/stride length and increased cadence, are observed when barefoot. Flatter foot placement, increased knee flexion and a reduced peak vertical ground reaction force at initial contact are also reported. Habitual barefoot walkers exhibit lower peak plantar pressures and pressure impulses, whereas peak plantar pressures are increased in the habitually shod wearer walking barefoot. Footwear particularly affects the kinematics and kinetics of gait acutely and chronically. Little research has been completed in older age populations (50+ years) and thus further research is required to better understand the effect of footwear on walking across the lifespan.
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17
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Harry JR, Paquette MR, Caia J, Townsend RJ, Weiss LW, Schilling BK. Effects of Footwear Condition on Maximal Jumping Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:1657-65. [PMID: 26010799 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R Harry
- 1Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada; and 2Department of Health and Sport Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
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18
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Dingenen B, Peeraer L, Deschamps K, Fieuws S, Janssens L, Staes F. Muscle-Activation Onset Times With Shoes and Foot Orthoses in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability. J Athl Train 2015; 50:688-96. [PMID: 25856056 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-50.2.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI) use an altered neuromuscular strategy to shift weight from double-legged to single-legged stance. Shoes and foot orthoses may influence these muscle-activation patterns. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of shoes and foot orthoses on onset times of lower extremity muscle activity in participants with CAI during the transition from double-legged to single-legged stance. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Musculoskeletal laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 15 people (9 men, 6 women; age = 21.8 ± 3.0 years, height = 177.7 ± 9.6 cm, mass = 72.0 ± 14.6 kg) who had CAI and wore foot orthoses were recruited. INTERVENTION(S) A transition task from double-legged to single-legged stance was performed with eyes open and with eyes closed. Both limbs were tested in 4 experimental conditions: (1) barefoot (BF), (2) shoes only, (3) shoes with standard foot orthoses, and (4) shoes with custom foot orthoses (SCFO). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The onset of activity of 9 lower extremity muscles was recorded using surface electromyography and a single force plate. RESULTS Based on a full-factorial (condition, region, limb, vision) linear model for repeated measures, we found a condition effect (F(3,91.8) = 9.39, P < .001). Differences among experimental conditions did not depend on limb or vision condition. Based on a 2-way (condition, muscle) linear model within each region (ankle, knee, hip), earlier muscle-activation onset times were observed in the SCFO than in the BF condition for the peroneus longus (P < .001), tibialis anterior (P = .003), vastus medialis obliquus (P = .04), and vastus lateralis (P = .005). Furthermore, the peroneus longus was activated earlier in the shoes-only (P = .02) and shoes-with-standard-foot-orthoses (P = .03) conditions than in the BF condition. No differences were observed for the hip muscles. CONCLUSIONS Earlier onset of muscle activity was most apparent in the SCFO condition for ankle and knee muscles but not for hip muscles during the transition from double-legged to single-legged stance. These findings might help clinicians understand how shoes and foot orthoses can influence neuromuscular control in participants with CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Dingenen
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences
| | - Louis Peeraer
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences;,Thomas More Kempen University College, Mobilab, Geel, Belgium
| | - Kevin Deschamps
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences
| | - Steffen Fieuws
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics; and
| | - Luc Janssens
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences;,Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology Services, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Staes
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences
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19
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Wearing SC, Reed L, Hooper SL, Bartold S, Smeathers JE, Brauner T. Running shoes increase achilles tendon load in walking: an acoustic propagation study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 46:1604-9. [PMID: 24500535 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Footwear remains a prime candidate for the prevention and rehabilitation of Achilles tendinopathy because it is thought to decrease tension in the tendon through elevation of the heel. However, evidence for this effect is equivocal. PURPOSE This study used an acoustic transmission technique to investigate the effect of running shoes on Achilles tendon loading during barefoot and shod walking. METHODS Acoustic velocity was measured in the Achilles tendon of 12 recreationally active males (age, 31 ± 9 yr; height, 1.78 ± 0.06 m; weight, 81.0 ± 16.9 kg) during barefoot and shod walking at matched self-selected speed (3.4 ± 0.7 km·h). Standard running shoes incorporating a 10-mm heel offset were used. Vertical ground reaction force and spatiotemporal parameters were determined with an instrumented treadmill. Axial acoustic velocity in the Achilles tendon was measured using a custom-built ultrasonic device. All data were acquired at a rate of 100 Hz during 10 s of steady-state walking. Statistical comparisons between barefoot and shod conditions were made using paired t-tests and repeated-measure ANOVA. RESULTS Acoustic velocity in the Achilles tendon was highly reproducible and was typified by two maxima (P1, P2) and minima (M1, M2) during walking. Footwear resulted in a significant increase in step length, stance duration, and peak vertical ground reaction force compared with barefoot walking. Peak acoustic velocity in the Achilles tendon (P1, P2) was significantly higher with running shoes. CONCLUSIONS Peak acoustic velocity in the Achilles tendon was higher with footwear, suggesting that standard running shoes with a 10-mm heel offset increase tensile load in the Achilles tendon. Although further research is required, these findings question the therapeutic role of standard running shoes in Achilles tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Wearing
- 1Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA; 2Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA; 3School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA; and 4Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Technische Universität München, Munich, GERMANY
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20
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Lee KS, Ko E, Lee SY. Immediate Effect of the Toe Spreader on Tibialis Anterior and Peroneus Longus Muscle Activities: a Pilot Study. J Phys Ther Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.25.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Sung Lee
- Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Hanseo University
| | - Eunhye Ko
- Professional Physical Therapy P.C.: 143-70 Sanford Ave., Flushing, NY 11355, USA
| | - Sang-Yeol Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Science, Kyungsung University
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