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Padulo J, Rampichini S, Borrelli M, Buono DM, Doria C, Esposito F. Gait Variability at Different Walking Speeds. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:158. [PMID: 37987494 PMCID: PMC10660777 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gait variability (GV) is a crucial measure of inconsistency of muscular activities or body segmental movements during repeated tasks. Hence, GV might serve as a relevant and sensitive measure to quantify adjustments of walking control. However, it has not been clarified whether GV is associated with walking speed, a clarification needed to exploit effective better bilateral coordination level. For this aim, fourteen male students (age 22.4 ± 2.7 years, body mass 74.9 ± 6.8 kg, and body height 1.78 ± 0.05 m) took part in this study. After three days of walking 1 km each day at a self-selected speed (SS) on asphalt with an Apple Watch S. 7 (AppleTM, Cupertino, CA, USA), the participants were randomly evaluated on a treadmill at three different walking speed intensities for 10 min at each one, SS - 20%/SS + 20%/ SS, with 5 min of passive recovery in-between. Heart rate (HR) was monitored and normalized as %HRmax, while the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (CR-10 scale) was asked after each trial. Kinematic analysis was performed, assessing the Contact Time (CT), Swing Time (ST), Stride Length (SL), Stride Cycle (SC), and Gait Variability as Phase Coordination Index (PCI). RPE and HR increased as the walking speed increased (p = 0.005 and p = 0.035, respectively). CT and SC decreased as the speed increased (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.013, respectively), while ST remained unchanged (p = 0.277). SL increased with higher walking speed (p = 0.0001). Conversely, PCI was 3.81 ± 0.88% (high variability) at 3.96 ± 0.47 km·h-1, 2.64 ± 0.75% (low variability) at SS (4.94 ± 0.58 km·h-1), and 3.36 ± 1.09% (high variability) at 5.94 ± 0.70 km·h-1 (p = 0.001). These results indicate that while the metabolic demand and kinematics variables change linearly with increasing speed, the most effective GV was observed at SS. Therefore, SS could be a new methodological approach to choose the individual walking speed, normalize the speed intensity, and avoid a gait pattern alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.M.B.); (C.D.); (F.E.)
| | - Susanna Rampichini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.M.B.); (C.D.); (F.E.)
| | - Marta Borrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.M.B.); (C.D.); (F.E.)
| | - Daniel Maria Buono
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.M.B.); (C.D.); (F.E.)
| | - Christian Doria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.M.B.); (C.D.); (F.E.)
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.M.B.); (C.D.); (F.E.)
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, 20161 Milan, Italy
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Nardello F, Bernabè R, Bettega S, Zandomeneghi M, Zamparo P. Kinematics of Backward Standing Starts in Elite Cyclists: The Effect of Initial Crank Angle. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35412445 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.2009109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: In modern sprint cycling competitions, the athletes perform a preparatory movement that consists in reaching the backmost standing position, quickly accelerating the body forward at the starting signal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematics of backward standing starts in elite cyclists, as well as the effect of initial crank angle. Methods: Video analysis of cycling starts was performed in seven male elite cyclists during 30 m sprints and in 3 starting conditions: seated with a self-selected crank angle (S-ss), backward standing from a self-selected (BSt-ss) or imposed crank angle of 90° (BSt-90°). Average velocity after 5 and 30 m was also measured by means of a photocell system. Results: No differences in starting crank angle were observed between BSt-ss and S-ss (about 64°). The fastest starts were attained in BSt-ss (highest velocity at 5 and 30 m); in this condition, angular downstroke velocity was the highest and the counter movement occurred earlier than in BSt-90°. Significant positive associations were observed between angular velocity in the first downstroke and forward velocity at 5 and 30 m. Conclusions: These findings indicate that backward standing starts improve cycling performance (compared to seated starts), that an initial crank angle < 90° is preferable, and that elite cyclists maintain the initial advantage at least up to a distance of 30 m.
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de Donato A, Buonincontri V, Borriello G, Martinelli G, Mone P. The dopamine system: insights between kidney and brain. Kidney Blood Press Res 2022; 47:493-505. [PMID: 35378538 DOI: 10.1159/000522132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diseases in adult age and it is typical of older adults. Recent data suggest that almost half of the elders have CKD. It is now clear that CKD is accompanied, in the early stages, by cognitive impairment, together with depression and subtle abnormalities in motor control (such as gait and balance alterations). SUMMARY Several data suggest a link between brain dopamine and kidney diseases. Metabolic syndrome and diabetes can affect dopamine neuron survival (leading to Parkinson's Disease). Several uremic toxins in CKD (uric acid, indoxyl sulphate) and trace elements accumulating in CKD (aluminium, manganese) can also modify the dopaminergic system. Hormones produced by the kidney such as vitamin D are neuroprotective for dopamine neurons. Dopaminergic drugs are useful for the treatment of a common sleep disorder in CKD, the restless legs syndrome. However, experiments on animal models of CKD show conflicting results regarding a modification of dopamine neurons. KEY MESSAGES Several observations suggest a limited relevance of the dopaminergic system in CKD-related cognitive impairment. However, a common sleep disturbance in CKD, the restless leg syndrome, improves with dopaminergic drugs. Therefore, it remains to be established the role of the dopamine system in subtle motor dysfunction observed in CKD, such as tremors, gait alterations, and central sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio de Donato
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Buonincontri
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Borriello
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
- ASL Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
- ASL Avellino, Avellino, Italy
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Ardigò LP, Palermi S, Padulo J, Dhahbi W, Russo L, Linetti S, Cular D, Tomljanovic M. External Responsiveness of the SuperOp TM Device to Assess Recovery After Exercise: A Pilot Study. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:67. [PMID: 33345058 PMCID: PMC7739672 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-exercise recovery is a complex process involving a return of performance and a physiological or perceptual feeling close to pre-exercise status. The hypothesis of this study is that the device investigated here is effective in evaluating the recovery state of professional cyclists in order to plan effective training. Ten professional male cyclists belonging to the same team were enrolled in this study. Participants performed a 7-day exercise program [D1, D4, and D7: low-intensity training; D2 and D5: passive recovery; D3: maximum oxygen consumption (VO2Max) test (for maximum mechanical power assessment only); and D6: constant load test]. During the week of monitoring, each morning before getting up, the device assessed each participant's so-called Organic Readiness {OR [arbitrary unit (a.u.)]}, based on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), features of past exercise session, and following self-perceived condition. Based on its readings and algorithm, the device graphically displayed four different colors/values, indicating general exercise recommendations: green/3 = "you can train hard," yellow/2 = "you can train averagely," orange/1 = "you can train lightly," or red/0 = "you should recover passively." During the week of research, morning OR values and Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons showed significant differences between days and, namely, values (1) D2 (after low intensity training) was higher than D4 (after VO2Max test; P = 0.033 and d = 1.296) and (2) D3 and D6 (after passive recovery) were higher than D4 (after VO2Max test; P = 0.006 and d = 2.519) and D5 (after low intensity training; P = 0.033 and d = 1.341). The receiver operating characteristic analysis area under curve (AUC) recorded a result of 0.727 and could differentiate between D3 and D4 with a sensitivity and a specificity of 80%. Preliminarily, the device investigated is a sufficiently effective and sensitive/specific device to assess the recovery state of athletes in order to plan effective training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Palermi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Wissem Dhahbi
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luca Russo
- Faculty of Psychology, University eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Simone Linetti
- Faculty of Psychology, University eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Drazen Cular
- Laboratory for Applied Physiology, Sport Systems, Talents Development and Influence of Physical Activities on Health, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Kinesiology and Sport, Split, Croatia
- Einstein Craft for Research, Development, Education, Trade and Services, Split, Croatia
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Migliaccio GM, Dello Iacono A, Ardigò LP, Samozino P, Iuliano E, Grgantov Z, Padulo J. Leg Press vs. Smith Machine: Quadriceps Activation and Overall Perceived Effort Profiles. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1481. [PMID: 30405437 PMCID: PMC6206431 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
First aim was describing Smith machine squat and leg press exercise as nominal load, knee extensors activity, and rating of perceived exertion. Second aim was developing predictive equations to provide same muscular activation and same perceived exertion nominal loads during the two exercises. To do that, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis activation, as their summed surface electromyography signal integrals, and overall perceived exertions were measured at different nominal loads during Smith machine squat and leg press exercise in adult male athletes experienced in weight training. Correlation and multistep stepwise analyses were performed. Then, two different results-driven predictive equations to provide same electromyography signals and same perceived exertion nominal loads were developed. The same electromyography signal equation results were less accurate (i.e., less predictive) due to high inter-individual differences, whereas the same perceived exertion equation results were more accurate, because perceived exertion is more related to the Smith machine squat and leg press exercise overall level of exertion than to the two single muscles that were investigated. In conclusion, these two equations represented an initial attempt to provide athletes and coaches with a new tool to mutually convert equivalent nominal loads during Smith machine squat and leg press exercise over a training period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Dello Iacono
- Wingate Institute, The Academic College at Wingate, Netanya, Israel.,Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Exercise and Sport Science, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | - Enzo Iuliano
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Zoran Grgantov
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Čular D, Ivančev V, Zagatto AM, Milić M, Beslija T, Sellami M, Padulo J. Validity and Reliability of the 30-s Continuous Jump for Anaerobic Power and Capacity Assessment in Combat Sport. Front Physiol 2018; 9:543. [PMID: 29867580 PMCID: PMC5962763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycling test such Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) is used to measure anaerobic power (AP), but not anaerobic capacity (AC, i.e., the metabolic energy demand). However, in sports that do not involve cycling movements (Karate), the continuous jump for 30 s (vertical jumps for 30 s) has been extensively used to measure anaerobic performance in all young athletes. Limited information’s are available concerning its validity and reliability especially in children. As such, the current study aimed to test validity and reliability of a continuous jumps test (the CJ30s), using WAnT as a reference. Thirteen female Karate kids (age: 11.07 ± 1.32 years; mass: 41.76 ± 15.32 kg; height: 152 ± 11.52 cm; training experience: 4.38 ± 2.14 years) were tested on three separate sessions. The first and second sessions were used to assess the reliability using Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of CJ30s, whereas on the third session WAnT was administered. Following CJ30s and WAnT, we assessed AP (1/CJ30s, as jump height [JH], fatigue index [FI], and blood lactate [BL]; 2/WAnT, as mechanical power [P], FI, and BL) and AC as the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Large/highly significant correlations were found between CJ30s and WAnT EPOCs (r = 0.730, P = 0.003), and BLs (r = 0.713, P = 0.009). Moderate/significant correlations were found between CJ30s and WAnT FIs (r = 0.640, P = 0.014), CJ30s first four jumps mean JH and WAnT peak P (r = 0.572, P = 0.032), and CJ30s mean JH and WAnT mean P (r = 0.589, P = 0.021). CJ30s showed excellent and moderate reliability (ICC) for AP (maximal JH 0.884, mean JH 0.742, FI 0.657, BL 0.653) and AC (EPOC 0.788), respectively. Correlations observed especially in terms of AC between CJ30s and WAnT provide evidence that former may adequately assess anaerobic performance for the young combat athlete. CJ30 is a reliable test and allow an easy assessment of AP and AC in karate children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drazen Čular
- Faculty of kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,Croatian Institute for Kinesiology and Sport, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Alessandro M Zagatto
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Mirjana Milić
- Faculty of kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Tea Beslija
- Faculty of kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Maha Sellami
- Faculty of kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Faculty of kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,University eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
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Munera M, Bertucci W, Duc S, Chiementin X. Analysis of muscular activity and dynamic response of the lower limb adding vibration to cycling. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1465-1475. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1398407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Munera
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Colombian School on Engineering Julio Garavito, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - William Bertucci
- GRESPI EA 4694, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Moulin de la Housse, Reims Cedex, France
- PSMS Laboratory, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Moulin de la Housse, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Sebastien Duc
- GRESPI EA 4694, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Moulin de la Housse, Reims Cedex, France
- PSMS Laboratory, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Moulin de la Housse, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Chiementin
- GRESPI EA 4694, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Moulin de la Housse, Reims Cedex, France
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de Melo Dos Santos R, Costa FCE, Saraiva TS, Callegari B. Muscle fatigue in participants of indoor cycling. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2017; 7:173-179. [PMID: 28717626 DOI: 10.11138/mltj/2017.7.1.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor Cycling (IC) has been gaining recognition and popularity within recent years and few studies have investigated its benefits for sedentary participants. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the surface electromyography (sEMG) variables, heart rate (HR), and subjective effort in sedentary participants while they performed an IC session and to compare their results with the trained subjects, to answer the question: Are trained cyclists less susceptible to muscle fatigue, since it is expected that they make less effort? DESIGN Twenty-six volunteers were split into two groups according to their fitness status and weekly training load. Each participant completed an IC session in a private gym, lasting 45 minutes and were encouraged to follow the pedaling frequency and cycle resistance, within their limitations. Main Outcome Measures: HR, participants' subjective effort on the Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion (Borg Scale) and sEMG data were compared between groups. RESULTS 28.6% of the sedentary participants withdrew from the study. Exercise intensity, assessed using the HR, was similar in both groups. The subjective perceived effort, assessed using the Borg Scale, was significantly higher in the sedentary group. All muscles considered in the sedentary group had higher variation levels of Root Mean Square (RMS) and Median Frequency (MF) than those in the trained group. CONCLUSION Sedentary participants are more likely to present fatigue and IC can be incorporated into protocols for this population, but their fitness levels should be taken into account because each performance depends on the individual's physical fitness. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IIIb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Melo Dos Santos
- Human Motricity Sciences Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Flavio Costa E Costa
- Human Motricity Sciences Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Thais Sepeda Saraiva
- Human Motricity Sciences Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Bianca Callegari
- Human Motricity Sciences Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Padulo J, Ardigò LP, Milić M, Powell DW. Electromyographic analysis of riding posture during the bicycling start moment. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201600040003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Padulo
- University e-Campus, Italy; University of Split, Croatia; National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunisia
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