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Shafaee H, Jahanbin A, Ghorbani M, Samadi A, Bardideh E. Electromyographic Evaluation of Masticatory Muscle Activity in Individuals with and without Cleft Lip/Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2025; 62:117-130. [PMID: 38037351 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231201235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in cleft palate and non-cleft patients, and identify influencing factors. DESIGN Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. PATIENTS AND EXPOSURES Patients with cleft lip/ palate. COMPARISON Patients without CL/P. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Electrical activity of masseter and temporalis muscles at rest and during peak activation. RESULTS After a comprehensive search in MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane's CENTRAL up to December 2022, without language or date restrictions. Eligible trials were selected based on the PECO question and assessed for bias using Cochrane's ROBINS-E tool. Eight clinical trials with 474 participants were included in the review. Then relevant data was extracted from included studies using customized forms. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to combine the results of the studies, meta-analyses showed that CL/P patients have elevated electrical activity in the masseter (P = .01) and temporalis (P = <.01) muscles at rest compared to non-cleft control patients. During maximum bite force, cleft patients exhibited a statistically significant decrease in electrical activity in both the masseter (P = .03) and temporalis (P = <.01) muscles. CONCLUSIONS According to our meta-analysis, cleft patients exhibited increased resting muscle activity but decreased activity during maximum bite force, indicating reduced efficiency of masticatory muscles compared to non-cleft patients. These differences can be attributed to anatomical variations, compensatory mechanisms, and previous treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Shafaee
- Orthodontics Department, Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Jahanbin
- Orthodontics Department, Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghorbani
- Undergraduate Student of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asma Samadi
- Undergraduate Student of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Erfan Bardideh
- Orthodontics Department, Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Kim M, Gu M, Kim HY, Kim J, Lee JH, Lee HY. Assessment of arthrogenic quadriceps muscle inhibition by physical examination in the supine position during isometric contraction is feasible as demonstrated by electromyography: a cross-sectional study. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:458. [PMID: 39095797 PMCID: PMC11297743 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing severe arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) after knee injury is critical for better prognosis. The novel Sonnery-Cottet classification of AMI enables the evaluation of AMI severity but requires validation. This study aimed to investigate the electromyography (EMG) patterns of leg muscles in the examination position from the classification during isometric contraction to confirm its validity. We hypothesised that the AMI pattern, which is characterised by quadriceps inhibition and hamstring hypercontraction, would be detectable in the supine position during isometric contraction. METHODS Patients with meniscal or knee ligament injuries were enrolled between August 2023 and May 2024. Surface EMG was assessed during submaximal voluntary isometric contractions (sMVIC) at 0° extension in the supine position for the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles and at 20° flexion in the prone position for the semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Reference values for normalisation were obtained from the EMG activity during the gait of the uninjured leg. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the activation patterns of the muscle groups within the same leg, and the post-hoc tests were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test and Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Electromyographic data of 40 patients with knee injuries were analyzed. During sMVIC, the extensor and flexor muscles of the injured leg showed distinct behaviours (P < 0.001), whereas the uninjured side did not (P = 0.144). In the injured leg, the VM differed significantly from the ST (P = 0.018), and the VL differed significantly from the ST and BF (P = 0.001 and P = 0.026, respectively). However, there were no statistically significant differences within the extensor muscle groups (VM and VL, P = 0.487) or flexor muscle groups (ST and BF, P = 0.377). CONCLUSION AMI was detectable in the examination position suggested by the Sonnery-Cottet classification. The flexor and extensor muscles of the injured leg exhibited distinct activation behaviours, with inhibition predominantly occurring in the quadriceps muscles, whereas the hamstrings showed excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eulji University Medical Centre, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Yong Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eulji University Medical Centre, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinee Kim
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Centre, Eulji University Medical Centre, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Centre, Eulji University Medical Centre, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Yeol Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eulji University Medical Centre, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Matsuura Y, Matsunaga N, Akuzawa H, Oshikawa T, Kaneoka K. Comparison of Muscle Coordination During Front Crawl and Backstroke With and Without Swimmer's Shoulder Pain. Sports Health 2024; 16:89-96. [PMID: 37042038 PMCID: PMC10732115 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231166957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoulder pain, known as swimmer's shoulder, is the most common injury for swimmers. Studies that have analyzed muscle activity have focused on the shoulder joint. However, the whole-body muscle coordination of swimmers with swimmer's shoulder is not clear, although swimming requires movements of the upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs to obtain propulsive force. This study investigated differences in muscle coordination between swimmers with and without swimmer's shoulder during the front crawl and backstroke using muscle synergy analysis. HYPOTHESIS Swimmers with swimmer's shoulder have muscle synergies differing from those without it. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. METHODS A total of 20 elite swimmers who regularly swam front crawl and backstroke were included (swimmer's shoulder, n = 8; control, n = 12). Muscle synergy data were analyzed using the nonnegative matrix factorization method and compared between groups. RESULTS For both front crawl and backstroke, there were 2 synergies in the control group and 3 synergies in the swimmer's shoulder group. During recovery, the control group showed coordinated triceps brachii, serratus anterior, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles activities; however, in the swimmer's shoulder group, the contribution of the upper limbs decreased and only that of the trunk muscles increased. CONCLUSION A comparison of muscle coordination during the front crawl and backstroke performed by swimmers with and without swimmer's shoulder revealed that coordination differed during the recovery phase. During both front crawl and backstroke, the swimmer's shoulder group could not maintain coordination with the upper limb when the trunk rolled, and split synergy was formed between the upper limbs and trunk. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Because coordination of the upper limbs and trunk is important during the recovery phase of front crawl and backstroke, swimmer's shoulder rehabilitation should introduce exercises to improve their coordination between the upper limbs and the trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuiko Matsuura
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsunaga
- General Education Core Curriculum Division, Seigakuin University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akuzawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoki Oshikawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koji Kaneoka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Morais JE, Barbosa TM, Gonjo T, Marinho DA. Using Statistical Parametric Mapping as a statistical method for more detailed insights in swimming: a systematic review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1213151. [PMID: 37457037 PMCID: PMC10339380 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1213151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Swimming is a time-based sport and hence strongly dependent from velocity. Most studies about swimming refer to velocity as discrete variable, i.e., 0-D (no time dimension). However, it was argued that using swimming velocity as a continuous variable (1-D, with time dimension) with Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) can bring deeper and detailed insights about swimming performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review about the current body of knowledge of using Statistical Parametric Mapping in a swimming context. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to identify relevant articles. After screening, nine articles related to Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analysis in swimming were retained for synthesis. Results showed that four articles (44.4%) aimed to understand the kinematics, isokinetic joint torque or electromyographic (EMG) pattern of the swimmer's shoulder either on land or during front crawl trials. Two articles (22.2%) focused on understanding the swimming velocity while performing the breaststroke stroke. One article (11.1%) analyzed the swimmers' propulsion at front-crawl stroke, another one (11.1%) compared swimming velocity during a complete stroke cycle in young swimmers of both sexes as a discrete variable and as a continuous variable. Also, one article (11.1%) analyzed the underwater undulatory velocity. In an EMG context, some findings verified in SPM are not possible to be discovered with traditional 0-D statistical methods. Studies about swimming velocity (breaststroke, freestyle, and underwater undulatory velocity) and propulsion (front-crawl) also highlighted the SPM advantages in comparison to traditional statistical methods. By using SPM, researchers were able to verify specifically where within the stroke cycle significant differences were found. Therefore, coaches can get more detailed information to design specific training drills to overcome hypothetical handicaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Morais
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Department of Sports Sciences, Bragança, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M. Barbosa
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Department of Sports Sciences, Bragança, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tomohiro Gonjo
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure, and Society, Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A. Marinho
- Research Center in Sports Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
- University of Beira Interior, Department of Sports Sciences, Covilhã, Portugal
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Morais JE, Marinho DA, Cobley S, Barbosa TM. Identifying Differences in Swimming Speed Fluctuation in Age-Group Swimmers by Statistical Parametric Mapping: A Biomechanical Assessment for Performance Development. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:358-366. [PMID: 37293412 PMCID: PMC10244994 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the assessment of swimming speed processed as a discrete variable and as a continuous variable in young swimmers. One-hundred and twenty young swimmers (60 boys: age = 12.91 ± 0.86 years; 60 girls: age = 12.46 ± 0.94 years) were analysed. The dataset for each sex was divided into three tiers: (i) tier #1 - best-performing swimmers; (ii) tier #2: intermediate-performing swimmers, and; (iii) tier #3 - poorest-performing swimmers. As a discrete variable, swimming speed showed significant sex and tier effects, and a significant sex*tier interaction (p < 0.001). Speed fluctuation showed a non-significant sex effect (p > 0.05), a significant tier effect (p < 0.001), and a non-significant sex*tier interaction (p > 0.05). As a continuous variable, the swimming speed time-curve presented significant sex and tier effects (p < 0.001) throughout the stroke cycle, and a significant sex*tier interaction (p < 0.05) in some moments of the stroke cycle. Swimming speed fluctuation analysed as a discrete variable and as a continuous variable can be used in a complementary way. Nonetheless, SPM can provide deeper insight into differences within the stroke cycle. Thus, coaches and practitioners should be aware that different knowledge about the swimmers' stroke cycle can be learned by assessing swimming speed using both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Morais
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel A Marinho
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Stephen Cobley
- Discipline of Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tiago M Barbosa
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
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Kwok WY, So BCL, Ng SMS. Underwater Surface Electromyography for the Evaluation of Muscle Activity during Front Crawl Swimming: A Systematic Review. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:1-16. [PMID: 36876189 PMCID: PMC9982531 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review is aimed to provide an up-to-date summary and review on the use of surface electromyography (sEMG) in evaluating front crawl (FC) swim performance. Several online databases were searched by different combinations of selected keywords, in total 1956 articles were retrieved, and each article was assessed by a 10-item quality checklist. 16 articles were eligible to be included in this study, and most of the articles were evaluating the muscle activity about the swimming phases and focused on assessing the upper limbs muscles, only few studies have assessed the performance in starts and turns phases. Insufficient information about these two phases despite the critical contribution on final swimming time. Also, with the contribution roles of legs and trunk muscles in swimming performance, more research should be conducted to explore the overall muscle activation pattern and their roles on swimming performance. Moreover, more detailed description in participants' characteristics and more investigations of bilateral muscle activity and the asymmetrical effects on relevant biomechanical performance are recommended. Lastly, with increasing attention about the effects of muscles co-activation on swimming performance, more in-depth investigations on this topic are also highly recommended, for evaluating its influence on swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yu Kwok
- Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Billy Chun Lung So
- Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.,Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Sheung Mei Shamay Ng
- Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Perpetuini D, Formenti D, Cardone D, Trecroci A, Rossi A, Di Credico A, Merati G, Alberti G, Di Baldassarre A, Merla A. Can Data-Driven Supervised Machine Learning Approaches Applied to Infrared Thermal Imaging Data Estimate Muscular Activity and Fatigue? SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:832. [PMID: 36679631 PMCID: PMC9863897 DOI: 10.3390/s23020832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface electromyography (sEMG) is the acquisition, from the skin, of the electrical signal produced by muscle activation. Usually, sEMG is measured through electrodes with electrolytic gel, which often causes skin irritation. Capacitive contactless electrodes have been developed to overcome this limitation. However, contactless EMG devices are still sensitive to motion artifacts and often not comfortable for long monitoring. In this study, a non-invasive contactless method to estimate parameters indicative of muscular activity and fatigue, as they are assessed by EMG, through infrared thermal imaging (IRI) and cross-validated machine learning (ML) approaches is described. Particularly, 10 healthy participants underwent five series of bodyweight squats until exhaustion interspersed by 1 min of rest. During exercising, the vastus medialis activity and its temperature were measured through sEMG and IRI, respectively. The EMG average rectified value (ARV) and the median frequency of the power spectral density (MDF) of each series were estimated through several ML approaches applied to IRI features, obtaining good estimation performances (r = 0.886, p < 0.001 for ARV, and r = 0.661, p < 0.001 for MDF). Although EMG and IRI measure physiological processes of a different nature and are not interchangeable, these results suggest a potential link between skin temperature and muscle activity and fatigue, fostering the employment of contactless methods to deliver metrics of muscular activity in a non-invasive and comfortable manner in sports and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perpetuini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Cardone
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 65127 Pescara, Italy
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Credico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giampiero Merati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 65127 Pescara, Italy
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Matsuura Y, Matsunaga N, Akuzawa H, Kojima T, Oshikawa T, Iizuka S, Okuno K, Kaneoka K. Difference in muscle synergies of the butterfly technique with and without swimmer's shoulder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14546. [PMID: 36068286 PMCID: PMC9448761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether muscle synergy differs between swimmers with and without swimmer's shoulder in the butterfly technique. Muscle synergies, which can assess muscle coordination, were analyzed using surface electromyography. Twenty elite swimmers were included in this study (swimmer's shoulder: n = 8; control: n = 12). The motions involved in executing the butterfly technique were classified into the early pull-through, late pull-through, and recovery phases. Muscle synergy data analyzed using the nonnegative matrix factorization method were compared between the two groups. The swimming velocities were 1.66 ± 0.09 m・s −1 and 1.69 ± 0.06 m・s −1 for the control and swimmer's shoulder groups, respectively. Four muscle synergies in both groups were identified: synergy #1, which was involved in the early pull; synergy #2, involved in the late pull; synergy #3, involved in the early recovery; and synergy #4, involved in pre- and posthand entry. Compared to the control group, the swimmer's shoulder group had a small contribution from the pectoralis major (p = 0.032) and a high contribution from the rectus femoris during the early pull phase (p = 0.036). In the late pull phase, the contribution of the lower trapezius muscle in the swimmer's shoulder group was low (p = 0.033), while the contribution of the upper trapezius muscle in the pre- and postentry phases was high (p = 0.032). In the rehabilitation of athletes with swimmer's shoulder, it is therefore important to introduce targeted muscle rehabilitation in each phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuiko Matsuura
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398, Shimamicho, Kita-ku, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Naoto Matsunaga
- General Education Core Curriculum Division, Seigakuin University, 1-1, Tosaki, Ageo, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akuzawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398, Shimamicho, kita-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kojima
- Yamanashi Gakuin University, 2-4-5, Sakaori, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomoki Oshikawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iizuka
- Department of Sport Sciences, Japan Institute of Sport Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okuno
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koji Kaneoka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Chainok P, Lauer J, Gonçalves P, de Jesus K, Fernandes RJ, Vilas-Boas JP. Backstroke-to-Breaststroke Turns Muscular Activity. A Study Conducted in Age Group Swimmers. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:402-412. [PMID: 36157393 PMCID: PMC9459768 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare surface electromyographic (EMG) activity and kinematic variables among open, somersault, bucket and crossover backstroke-to-breaststroke turning techniques, and identify relationships between the integrated electromyography (iEMG) and kinematics profile focusing on the rotation and push-off efficacy. Following a four-week of systematically increasing contextual interference intervention program, eight 12.38 ± 0.55 years old male swimmers randomly performed twelve repetitions (three in each technique) turns in and out of the wall at maximum speed until the 7.5 m reference mark. Surface EMG values of the right vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis, rectus abdominis, external oblique, erector spinae and latissimus dorsi were recorded and processed using the integrated electromyography (iEMG) and the total integrated electromyography (TiEMG) that was expressed as a percentage of iEMGmax to normalize per unit of time for each rotation and push-off phase. Complementarily, 2D sagittal views from an underwater video camera were digitized to determine rotation and push-off efficacy. The crossover turn presented the highest rotation and push-off iEMG values. Erector spinae and gastrocnemius medialis had the highest activity in the rotation and push-off phases (89 ± 10 and 98 ± 69%, respectively). TiEMG depicted a very high activity of lower limb muscles during push-off activity (222 ± 17 to 247 ± 16%). However, there were no relation between TiEMG and rotation and push-off time, tuck index and final push-off velocity during the rotation and the push-off phases across all the studied turning techniques. The rotation efficacy in age-group swimmers were dependent on rotation time (p = 0.04). The different turning techniques were not distinguishable regarding iEMG activity as a possible determinant of rotation and push-off efficacy. Our study has direct implications for selecting appropriate exercises and designing training programs for optimizing the rotation and push-off phases of backstroke-to-breaststroke turning at young ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phornpot Chainok
- Faculty of Sport, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jessy Lauer
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gonçalves
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Karla de Jesus
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J Fernandes
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Joao Paulo Vilas-Boas
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Portugal
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Martins JB, Mesquita I, Mendes A, Santos L, Afonso J. Inter-team variability in high-level women’s volleyball from the perspective of Social Network Analysis: an analysis in critical game scenarios. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2021.1924524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Bernardo Martins
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mesquita
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ademilson Mendes
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Letícia Santos
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Afonso
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Gaudez C, Mouzé-Amady M. Which subject-related variables contribute to movement variability during a simulated repetitive and standardised occupational task? Recurrence quantification analysis of surface electromyographic signals. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:366-382. [PMID: 33026299 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1834148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Movement variability is a component of human movement. This study applied recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) on electromyographic signals to determine the effects of two types of variables on movement variability during a short, simulated repetitive and standardised occupational clip-fitting task. The electrical activity of six muscles in the dominant upper limb was recorded in 21 participants. Variables related to the task performance (insertion force and movements performed when fitting clips) affected RQA measures: recurrence rate (RR), percentage of determinism (DET) and diagonal line length entropy (ENT). Variables related to participant's characteristics (sex, age, and BMI) affected only DET and ENT. A constrasting variability was observed such as a high-DET value combined with a high-ENT value and inversely. Variables affected mainly the recurrences organisation of the more distal muscles. Even if movement variability is complex, it should be considered by ergonomists and work place designers to better understanding of operators' movements. Practitioner summary: It is essential to consider the complexity of operators' movement variability to understand their activities. Based on intrinsic movement variability knowledge, ergonomists and work place designers will be able to modulate the movement variability by acting on workstation designs and occupational organisation with the aim of preserving operators' health. Abbreviations: RR: recurrence rate; DET: percentage of determinism; ENT: diagonal line length entropy; BMI: body mass index; FDS: flexor digitorum superficialis; EXT: extensor digitorum communis; BIC: biceps brachii; TRI: triceps brachii; DEL: deltoideus anterior; TRA: trapezius pars descendens; F: female; M: male; S: supinated; P: pronated; CM: continuous movement; DM: discontinuous movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Gaudez
- INRS - Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Vandoeuvre cedex, France
| | - Marc Mouzé-Amady
- INRS - Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Vandoeuvre cedex, France
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Hamidi Rad M, Gremeaux V, Dadashi F, Aminian K. A Novel Macro-Micro Approach for Swimming Analysis in Main Swimming Techniques Using IMU Sensors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:597738. [PMID: 33520955 PMCID: PMC7841373 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.597738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMU) are proven as efficient tools for swimming analysis by overcoming the limits of video-based systems application in aquatic environments. However, coaches still believe in the lack of a reliable and easy-to-use analysis system for swimming. To provide a broad view of swimmers' performance, this paper describes a new macro-micro analysis approach, comprehensive enough to cover a full training session, regardless of the swimming technique. Seventeen national level swimmers (5 females, 12 males, 19.6 ± 2.1 yrs) were equipped with six IMUs and asked to swim 4 × 50 m trials in each swimming technique (i.e., frontcrawl, breaststroke, butterfly, and backstroke) in a 25 m pool, in front of five 2-D cameras (four under water and one over water) for validation. The proposed approach detects swimming bouts, laps, and swimming technique in macro level and swimming phases in micro level on all sensor locations for comparison. Swimming phases are the phases swimmers pass from wall to wall (wall push-off, glide, strokes preparation, swimming, and turn) and micro analysis detects the beginning of each phase. For macro analysis, an overall accuracy range of 0.83–0.98, 0.80–1.00, and 0.83–0.99 were achieved, respectively, for swimming bouts detection, laps detection and swimming technique identification on selected sensor locations, the highest being achieved with sacrum. For micro analysis, we obtained the lowest error mean and standard deviation on sacrum for the beginning of wall-push off, glide and turn (−20 ± 89 ms, 4 ± 100 ms, 23 ± 97 ms, respectively), on shank for the beginning of strokes preparation (0 ± 88 ms) and on wrist for the beginning of swimming (−42 ± 72 ms). Comparing the swimming techniques, sacrum sensor achieves the smallest range of error mean and standard deviation during micro analysis. By using the same macro-micro approach across different swimming techniques, this study shows its efficiency to detect the main events and phases of a training session. Moreover, comparing the results of both macro and micro analyses, sacrum has achieved relatively higher amounts of accuracy and lower mean and standard deviation of error in all swimming techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hamidi Rad
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gremeaux
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Sport Medicine Unit, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Kamiar Aminian
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Sport Biomechanics Applications Using Inertial, Force, and EMG Sensors: A Literature Overview. Appl Bionics Biomech 2020; 2020:2041549. [PMID: 32676126 PMCID: PMC7330631 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2041549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, a number of technological developments have advanced the spread of wearable sensors for the assessment of human motion. These sensors have been also developed to assess athletes' performance, providing useful guidelines for coaching, as well as for injury prevention. The data from these sensors provides key performance outcomes as well as more detailed kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data that provides insight into how the performance was obtained. From this perspective, inertial sensors, force sensors, and electromyography appear to be the most appropriate wearable sensors to use. Several studies were conducted to verify the feasibility of using wearable sensors for sport applications by using both commercially available and customized sensors. The present study seeks to provide an overview of sport biomechanics applications found from recent literature using wearable sensors, highlighting some information related to the used sensors and analysis methods. From the literature review results, it appears that inertial sensors are the most widespread sensors for assessing athletes' performance; however, there still exist applications for force sensors and electromyography in this context. The main sport assessed in the studies was running, even though the range of sports examined was quite high. The provided overview can be useful for researchers, athletes, and coaches to understand the technologies currently available for sport performance assessment.
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Matsuura Y, Matsunaga N, Iizuka S, Akuzawa H, Kaneoka K. Muscle Synergy of the Underwater Undulatory Swimming in Elite Male Swimmers. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:62. [PMID: 33345053 PMCID: PMC7739797 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the performance of underwater undulatory swimming (UUS) improves swimming time, so it is important to identify the pattern of muscle coordination in swimmers with fast UUS. This study aimed to identify muscular coordination in the trunk and lower limb during UUS in elite swimmers. Nine swimmers (aged 20 ± 2 years; height, 1.74 ± 0.03 m; weight, 73.0 ± 4.4 kg) participated in this study. Measurements were taken by electromyography of eight muscles: rectus abdominis (RA), internal abdominal muscle (IO), rectus femoris (RF), erector spinae (ES), multifidus (MF), tibialis anterior (TA), and thigh biceps (BF), and gastrocnemius (GS). For evaluation of muscle coordination, “muscle synergy” and “activation coefficient” were calculated using non-negative matrix factorization from electromyographic data. Kick frequency, kick amplitude, swim velocity, and kinematics of the pelvis were also calculated. Kick cycle was divided into two kick phases: downward kick (from the highest toe vertical coordinate to the lowest point) and upward kick (from the lowest point to the highest point). Kick frequency, kick amplitude, and swimming velocity were 1.9 ± 0.3 Hz, 0.45 ± 0.6 m, and 1.8 ± 0.2 m·s −1, respectively. The maximum backward pelvic tilt was 94.4 ± 4.5° and the minimum (forward) was 90.8 ± 5.7°. Three muscle synergy values were extracted from each swimmer during UUS: those involved in the transition from upward kick to downward kick (Synergy 1), downward kick (Synergy 2), and upward kick (Synergy 3). Synergy 1 involved mainly the RF, IO, and RA, which were activated during the turn from the upward to the downward phase. Synergy 2 involved mainly the MF, ES, and TA in the downward kick. Synergy 3 corresponded to the coordination of the BF and GS, which were active in the upward kick. In UUS by elite swimmers, both the upward kick and downward kick followed the trunk muscles involved in the pelvic forward–backward tilt movement, and lower limb muscles were activated. Muscle coordination based on pelvic forward-backward tilt during UUS is expected to contribute to the coaching field for elite swimmer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuiko Matsuura
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsunaga
- General Education Core Curriculum Division, Seigakuin University, Ageo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iizuka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akuzawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Koji Kaneoka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Integral indicators of the swimming techniques effectiveness of highly qualified crawl-stroke swimmers. PEDAGOGICS, PSYCHOLOGY, MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING AND SPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.15561/18189172.2019.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is known that prominent world-class swimmers are characterized by the manifestation of specific abilities. These abilities allow to constantly maintain a stable speed swimming of different segments of the distance. In this case, highly qualified swimmers can increase the maximum speed of swimming on a segment of a given length. They achieve this by increasing the total external mechanical power. In this case, swimmers keep, and in some cases even reduce the power of the stroke. It is implemented the phase-specific principle of creating driving forces during each phase. At the same time, the principle of creating driving forces is common to all swimming locomotion. The article gives a rationale for the effectiveness of the integral criterion application for evaluating swimming techniques. The integral criterion for evaluating the swimming technique was applied at remote speeds of the entire spectrum of the competitive front crawl swimming program. Material . The study involved 9 highly qualified crawl-stroke swimmers, members of Russia national team. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 24 years. It is studied the kinematic and kinetic characteristics of the front crawl swimming technique of highly qualified athletes at various competitive distances. The studies applied video recording of swimmer’s movements with OLYMPUS TG-5 camera (Vietnam) from a depth of 4.5 m. Three luminous markers located on the swimmer’s hips were applied to record the dynamic parameters of swimmer’s movements. The results of the swims were processed with Natatometry™ (Russia). Results . It was determined that swimmers demonstrated high indices of the intra-cyclic dynamic index (ICDI - Intra Cycle Dynamic Index) and the dynamic coordination index of the swimming cycle (DCI - Dynamic Coordination Index) at speeds in medium distances relative to speeds at sprint distances. Swimmers demonstrate the ability to generate a significant amount of promotional efforts at 100 m distance that ensure the achievement of high speeds. It is established that no general trends in ICDI changes in individual structural phases of the stroke. This indicates the demonstration of individual specific features in the swimming technique of each athlete. Conclusion . It is considered the feasibility of applying the integral indicators ICDI and DCI for a quantitative assessment of the intra cycle promotion forces interaction and hydrodynamic resistance forces arising at the level of an integral biomechanical system of the swimming cycle.
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Sabzehparvar E, Khaiyat OA, Ganji Namin B, Minoonejad H. Electromyographic analysis in elite swimmers with shoulder pain during a functional task. Sports Biomech 2019; 20:639-649. [PMID: 30998438 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1597153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of study was to determine and compare electromyographic activity of selected shoulder girdle muscles in elite swimmers with and without shoulder pain. Twelve professional swimmers with shoulder pain (mean age: 18.55 ± 3.16 years, body mass: 74.33 ± 2.91 kg and height: 179.00 ± 5.29 cm) and 12 swimmers without pain (mean age: 18.11 ± 1.61 years, body weight: 73.33 ± 6.06 kg, height: 178.33 ± 5.07 cm) were recruited. Surface electromyography signals were collected from seven upper limb muscles during a task: participants were instructed to mark points with a pen within each of the three circles counterclockwise. The normalised root-mean-square value was used to determine the muscular activation. Swimmers with shoulder pain demonstrated greater activation of the upper trapezius (pain group mean: 28.04 ± 10.37, control group mean: 13.40 ± 06.04; p = 0.002, ηp2: 0.455), serratus anterior (pain group mean: 30.78 ± 20.09, control group mean: 13.30 ± 5.52; p = 0.023, ηp2: 0.283) and latissimus dorsi (pain group mean: 27.05 ± 17.87, control group mean: 4.99 ± 3.90; p = 0.002, ηp2 : 0.450) muscles. There was no difference (p > 0.05) in the activation of the middle and lower trapezius, middle deltoid and sternocleidomastoid. The altered muscle activation patterns may contribute to the painful shoulder in elite swimmers and need to be considered within the rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Sabzehparvar
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Omid A Khaiyat
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Behnaz Ganji Namin
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hooman Minoonejad
- Department of Health & Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Gaudez C, Wild P, Gilles MA, Savin J, Claudon L, Bailleul D. Study of between-subject and within-subject variability of electromyography data and its intrinsic determinants for clip fitting tasks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2019; 27:336-350. [DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2019.1568754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Gaudez
- Working Life Department, French Research and Safety Institute (INRS), France
| | - Pascal Wild
- Research and Studies Executive Division, French Research and Safety Institute (INRS), France
| | | | - Jonathan Savin
- Work Equipment Engineering Department, French Research and Safety Institute (INRS), France
| | - Laurent Claudon
- Working Life Department, French Research and Safety Institute (INRS), France
| | - Diane Bailleul
- Working Life Department, French Research and Safety Institute (INRS), France
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