Buoite Stella A, Cargnel A, Raffini A, Mazzari L, Martini M, Ajčević M, Accardo A, Deodato M, Murena L. Shoulder Tensiomyography and Isometric Strength in Swimmers Before and After a Fatiguing Protocol.
J Athl Train 2024;
59:738-744. [PMID:
38014804 PMCID:
PMC11277270 DOI:
10.4085/1062-6050-0265.23]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT
Shoulder muscles are active during front-crawl swimming to provide propulsion and stabilize the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints. Researchers have proposed that fatigue might contribute to altered activation of these muscles and represent a risk factor for injuries. Tensiomyography (TMG) might function as a noninvasive tool to detect changes in contractile measures of the skeletal muscles due to exercise-induced neuromuscular fatigue, though it has not yet been used in the shoulder muscles of swimmers.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of a fatiguing swimming protocol on shoulder muscle TMG measures and isometric strength in competitive swimmers.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Swimming pool facility.
PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
A total of 14 young front-crawl competitive swimmers (11 males and 3 females; age = 21 ± 3 years [range, 17-26 years], height = 1.78 ± 0.06 m, mass = 73.1 ± 9.2 kg).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Participants completed TMG and isometric strength assessments before and after 30-minute, high-intensity swim training. The TMG assessment was performed on 7 muscles of the shoulder according to front-crawl biomechanics and the applicability of the technique to obtain data, such as time to contraction and muscle-belly radial displacement. Isometric strength was assessed using a digital handheld dynamometer during shoulder flexion, extension, external rotation, and internal rotation.
RESULTS
Fatigue induced a smaller radial displacement, mostly observable in latissimus dorsi (-1.0 mm; 95% CI = -1.7, -0.3 mm; P = .007) and pectoralis major muscles (-1.4 mm; 95% CI = -2.4, -0.4 mm; P = .007). Only shoulder extension showed an isometric strength reduction after the fatiguing protocol (-0.03 N/kg; 95% CI = -0.05, -0.01 N/kg; F1,13 = 4.936; P = .045; ηp2 = 0.275).
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides preliminary evidence for the usefulness of TMG to detect fatigue-induced changes in contractile properties of the shoulder muscles in swimmers, in particular the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major.
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