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Perez-Valera M, Martinez-Canton M, Gallego-Selles A, Galván-Alvarez V, Gelabert-Rebato M, Morales-Alamo D, Santana A, Martin-Rodriguez S, Ponce-Gonzalez JG, Larsen S, Losa-Reyna J, Perez-Suarez I, Dorado C, Curtelin D, Gonzalez-Henriquez JJ, Boushel R, Hallen J, de Pablos Velasco P, Freixinet-Gilart J, Holmberg HC, Helge JW, Martin-Rincon M, Calbet JAL. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (SARS-CoV-2 receptor) expression in human skeletal muscle. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:2249-2258. [PMID: 34551157 PMCID: PMC8662278 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the levels of skeletal muscle angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor) protein expression in men and women and assess whether ACE2 expression in skeletal muscle is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity. The level of ACE2 in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies collected in previous studies from 170 men (age: 19-65 years, weight: 56-137 kg, BMI: 23-44) and 69 women (age: 18-55 years, weight: 41-126 kg, BMI: 22-39) was analyzed in duplicate by western blot. VO2 max was determined by ergospirometry and body composition by DXA. ACE2 protein expression was 1.8-fold higher in women than men (p = 0.001, n = 239). This sex difference disappeared after accounting for the percentage of body fat (fat %), VO2 max per kg of legs lean mass (VO2 max-LLM) and age (p = 0.47). Multiple regression analysis showed that the fat % (β = 0.47) is the main predictor of the variability in ACE2 protein expression in skeletal muscle, explaining 5.2% of the variance. VO2 max-LLM had also predictive value (β = 0.09). There was a significant fat % by VO2 max-LLM interaction, such that for subjects with low fat %, VO2 max-LLM was positively associated with ACE2 expression while as fat % increased the slope of the positive association between VO2 max-LLM and ACE2 was reduced. In conclusion, women express higher amounts of ACE2 in their skeletal muscles than men. This sexual dimorphism is mainly explained by sex differences in fat % and cardiorespiratory fitness. The percentage of body fat is the main predictor of the variability in ACE2 protein expression in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Perez-Valera
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miriam Martinez-Canton
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Angel Gallego-Selles
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Victor Galván-Alvarez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miriam Gelabert-Rebato
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Clinical Genetics Unit, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Saul Martin-Rodriguez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Steen Larsen
- Center of Healthy Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jose Losa-Reyna
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ismael Perez-Suarez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Cecilia Dorado
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - David Curtelin
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Gonzalez-Henriquez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Department of Mathematics, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Robert Boushel
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jostein Hallen
- Department of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pedro de Pablos Velasco
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jorge Freixinet-Gilart
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum C5, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Jorn W Helge
- Center of Healthy Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Martin-Rincon M, Gelabert-Rebato M, Galvan-Alvarez V, Gallego-Selles A, Martinez-Canton M, Lopez-Rios L, Wiebe JC, Martin-Rodriguez S, Arteaga-Ortiz R, Dorado C, Perez-Regalado S, Santana A, Morales-Alamo D, Calbet JAL. Supplementation with a Mango Leaf Extract (Zynamite®) in Combination with Quercetin Attenuates Muscle Damage and Pain and Accelerates Recovery after Strenuous Damaging Exercise. Nutrients 2020; 12:E614. [PMID: 32110986 PMCID: PMC7146389 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged or unusual exercise may cause exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). To test whether Zynamite®, a mango leaf extract rich in the natural polyphenol mangiferin, administered in combination with quercetin facilitates recovery after EIMD, 24 women and 33 men were randomly assigned to two treatment groups matched by sex and 5 km running performance, and ran a 10 km race followed by 100 drop jumps to elicit EIMD. One hour before the competition, and every 8 hours thereafter for 24 hours, they ingested placebo (728 mg of maltodextrin) or 140 mg of Zynamite® combined with 140 mg of quercetin (double-blind). Although competition times were similar, polyphenol supplementation attenuated the muscle pain felt after the competition (6.8 ± 1.5 and 5.7 ± 2.2 a.u., p = 0.035) and the loss of jumping performance (9.4 ± 11.5 and 3.9 ± 5.2%, p = 0.036; p = 0.034) and mechanical impulse (p = 0.038) 24 hours later. The polyphenols attenuated the increase of serum myoglobin and alanine aminotransferase in men, but not in women (interaction p < 0.05). In conclusion, a single dose of 140 mg Zynamite® combined with 140 mg of quercetin, administered one hour before competition, followed by three additional doses every eight hours, attenuates muscle pain and damage, and accelerates the recovery of muscle performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Miriam Gelabert-Rebato
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
- Nektium Pharma, Agüimes, 35118 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Victor Galvan-Alvarez
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Angel Gallego-Selles
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Miriam Martinez-Canton
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Laura Lopez-Rios
- Nektium Pharma, Agüimes, 35118 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Julia C. Wiebe
- Nektium Pharma, Agüimes, 35118 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Saul Martin-Rodriguez
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Rafael Arteaga-Ortiz
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Cecilia Dorado
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Sergio Perez-Regalado
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Clinical Genetics Unit, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.M.-R.); (M.G.-R.); (V.G.-A.); (A.G.-S.); (M.M.-C.); (S.M.-R.); (R.A.-O.); (C.D.); (S.P.-R.); (A.S.); (D.M.-A.)
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0806 Oslo, Norway
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Martin-Rodriguez S, Reverter JC, Tàssies D, Espinosa G, Heras M, Pino M, Escolar G, Diaz-Ricart M. Reduced ADAMTS13 activity is associated with thrombotic risk in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2015; 24:1143-9. [PMID: 25824235 DOI: 10.1177/0961203315579091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity leads to von Willebrand factor (VWF) ultralarge multimers with high affinity for platelets, causing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Other pathological conditions with moderate ADAMTS13 activity exhibit a thrombotic risk. We examined the ADAMTS13 activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its value as a thrombotic biomarker. METHODS ADAMTS13 activity, VWF antigen and multimeric structure, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) were measured in plasma samples from 50 SLE patients and 50 healthy donors. Disease activity (systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index; SLEDAI) and organ damage (systemic lupus international collaborating clinics) scores, thrombotic events, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) were registered. RESULTS SLE patients showed decreased ADAMTS13 activity and high VWF levels compared with controls (66 ± 27% vs. 101 ± 8%, P < 0.01, and 325 ± 151% vs. 81 ± 14%, P < 0.001). VCAM-1 levels were higher in SLE patients (P < 0.05). Considering three groups of SLE patients depending on ADAMTS13 activity (>60%, 60-40% and <40%), comparative analysis showed significant association between ADAMTS13 activity and SLEDAI (P < 0.05), presence of aPLs (P < 0.001), APS (P < 0.01) and thrombotic events (P < 0.01). Reduced ADAMTS13 activity together with increased VWF levels were especially notable in patients with active disease and with aPLs. CONCLUSION ADAMTS13 activity, in combination with other laboratory parameters, could constitute a potential prognostic biomarker of thrombotic risk in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M Heras
- Cardiology Department. Institut Clinic del Torax. Institut d Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pino
- Hemotherapy-Hemostasis Department
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