1
|
Jallow BJJ, Gassara G, Bajinka O, Luo Y, Liu M, Cai J, Huang J, Meng F. Human myiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012027. [PMID: 38547087 PMCID: PMC10977789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human myiasis is a parasitic dipteran fly infestation that infects humans and vertebrates worldwide. However, the disease is endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. In Sub-Saharan Africa, it is under-reported and therefore its prevalence is unknown. This systematic review aims to elucidate the prevalence of human myiasis, factors that influence the infection, and myiasis-causing fly species in SSA. The review also dwelled on the common myiasis types and treatment methods of human myiasis. METHODS Here, we collect cases of human myiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa based on literature retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct from 1959 to 2022. A total of 75 articles and 157 cases were included in the study. The recommendations of PRISMA 2020 were used for the realization of this systematic review. RESULTS In total, 157 cases of human myiasis in SSA were reviewed. Eleven fly species (Cordylobia anthropophaga, Cordylobia rodhaini, Dermatobia hominis, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Oestrus ovis, Sarcophaga spp., Sarcophaga nodosa, Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya chloropyga and Clogmia albipuntum) were found to cause human myiasis in SSA. Cordylobia anthropophaga was the most prevalent myiasis-causing species of the reported cases (n = 104, 66.2%). More than half of the reported cases were from travelers returning from SSA (n = 122, 77.7%). Cutaneous myiasis was the most common clinical presentation of the disease (n = 86, 54.7%). Females were more infected (n = 78, 49.6%) than males, and there was a higher infestation in adults than young children. CONCLUSION The findings of this study reveals that international travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa were mostly infested therefore, we recommend that both international travelers and natives of SSA be enlightened by public health officers about the disease and its risk factors at entry points in SSA and the community level respectively. Clinicians in Sub-Saharan Africa often misdiagnose the disease and most of them lack the expertise to properly identify larvae, so we recommend the extensive use of molecular identification methods instead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binta J. J. Jallow
- Central South University, Department of Medical Parasitology, Changsha City, China
| | - Goudja Gassara
- Central South University, Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha City, China
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Central South University, Department of Medical Parasitology, Changsha City, China
- University of The Gambia, School of Medicine and Allied Health Science, Banjul City, Gambia
| | - Yifei Luo
- Central South University, Department of Medical Parasitology, Changsha City, China
| | - Mandie Liu
- Central South University, Department of Medical Parasitology, Changsha City, China
| | - Jifeng Cai
- Central South University, Department of Medical Parasitology, Changsha City, China
- Xinjiang Medical University, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Urumqi City, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Xinjiang Medical University, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Urumqi City, China
| | - Fanming Meng
- Central South University, Department of Medical Parasitology, Changsha City, China
- Xinjiang Medical University, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Urumqi City, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Popović Dragonjić L, Jović A, Janković I, Miladinović J, Ranković A, Cvetanović M, Beck R, Novosel D, Pape T, Banović P. Cordylobia anthropophaga Myiasis Mimicking Hyperproliferative Skin Disorder in Traveler Returning from Sub-Saharan Africa. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:505. [PMID: 37999624 PMCID: PMC10674998 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Myiasis is one of the most common skin diseases found in travelers returning from tropical and subtropical regions, where humans living in or visiting the African continent are most commonly infested by C. anthropophaga during the rainy season in regions with a warm climate. Here, we present a case of furuncular myiasis caused by C. anthropophaga in a Serbian patient returning from temporary work in Kenya, where the initial histology of skin lesion mimicked hyperproliferative skin disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Popović Dragonjić
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine Niš, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
- Clinic for Infectology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrija Jović
- Clinic for Dermatology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Irena Janković
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Faculty of Medicine Niš, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
- Clinic for Plastic Surgery, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena Miladinović
- Clinic for Infectology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Aleksandar Ranković
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine Niš, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
- Clinic for Infectology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Maja Cvetanović
- Clinic for Infectology, University Clinical Center Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Relja Beck
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dinko Novosel
- Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Thomas Pape
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Science Faculty, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Pavle Banović
- Clinic for Lyme Borreliosis and Other Tick-Borne Diseases, Department of Prevention of Rabies and Other Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Microbiology with Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oranges T, Veraldi S, Granieri G, Fidanzi C, Janowska A, Dini V, Romanelli M. Parasites causing cutaneous wounds: Theory and practice from a dermatological point of view. Acta Trop 2022; 228:106332. [PMID: 35092728 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of parasites can infest open wounds, or cause wounds due to the effects of the infestation. Parasitic infestations can involve the skin and subcutaneous tissues, with various clinical manifestations. In case of cutaneous wounds related to infestations, protozoa, helminths and arthropods are the main groups of parasites involved and emerging new aspects have been recently reported. Treating the wound correctly is fundamental in these patients in order to reduce the development of pathological scars and prevent complications. In particular, a gentle debridement for devitalized/infested tissue removal, the appropriate use of topical antiseptics and dressings such as hydrogel, hydrocolloids and antimicrobial dressings can be useful to control superinfections, moisture balance, inflammation and to promote edge proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Oranges
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Dermatology Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Veraldi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giammarco Granieri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Cristian Fidanzi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Agata Janowska
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Valentina Dini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Marco Romanelli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nassar A, Abualiat A, El-Attar YA, Alkahtani AM, Alshahrani MS, Aljubran A, Shaker ESE. A dermoscopic study of cutaneous myiasis: other findings. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:840-843. [PMID: 33682922 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myiasis is a cutaneous infestation by the larvae of dipterous flies. It can be furuncular/nodular, papular, or pustular. Diagnosis of cutaneous myiasis depends mainly on clinical examination especially for the nodular form. The latter two forms can present diagnostic difficulties. Dermoscopy has been reported to be helpful. This report illustrates some of the dermoscopic features of this condition. METHODS The history, clinical findings, and dermoscopic findings of 15 affected individuals were documented. RESULTS Dermoscopy in all patients showed the posterior end of larvae (creamy-white bodies and respiratory spiracles resembling birds' legs with digitated feet). Larval motility and bubbles were noticed in 15 and 10 of patients, respectively. Skin surrounding the larvae showed hypopigmentation in 11 patients and an increase in dilated capillaries in 13. CONCLUSIONS Dermoscopy can facilitate the diagnosis of myiasis particularly of the papular and pustular forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nassar
- Departments of Dermatology and Venereology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,The Armed Forces Hospitals-Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushayt, Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Abualiat
- The Armed Forces Hospitals-Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushayt, Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmina A El-Attar
- Departments of Dermatology and Venereology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ayed M Alkahtani
- The Armed Forces Hospitals-Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushayt, Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Alshahrani
- The Armed Forces Hospitals-Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushayt, Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aljubran
- The Armed Forces Hospitals-Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushayt, Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Engi S E Shaker
- Departments of Dermatology and Venereology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Dermatobia hominis, also known as the human botfly, is native to tropical and subtropical Central and South America and seen in travelers from endemic to temperate regions including the United States and Europe. Cutaneous infestation botfly myiasis involves the development of D. hominis larvae in the skin and is common in tropical locations. The distinct appearance of a cutaneous D. hominis infestation facilitates early diagnosis and intervention where cases are common. However, the identification of D. hominis in temperate regions may prove challenging due to its rarity. D. hominis may be misdiagnosed as folliculitis, an epidermal cyst, or an embedded foreign object with secondary impetigo. One should have a heightened suspicion in someone returning from a vacation in an endemic area, such as Belize. Here we describe the presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment and encourage enhanced preventative measures among tourists when visiting tropical and subtropical regions. Additionally, we propose a novel classification system for assessing the various stages of infestation and suggest that patients reporting travel to Latin America and experiencing pain disproportionate to an insect bite should lead physicians to consider myiasis caused by D. hominis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuria SK, Oyedeji AO. Human myiasis cases originating and reported in africa for the last two decades (1998-2018): A review. Acta Trop 2020; 210:105590. [PMID: 32561225 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The article reviews literature on myiasis in Africa and cases that originated in Africa over the last two decades (1998-2018). The relevant literature was obtained by using several databases (Science-Direct, JSTOR, Google Scholar, Ebscohost and PubMed). We searched for the following words or their combination myiasis, maggots, fly species responsible for myiasis found in Africa, and the different types of myiasis. References in several articles provided links to other relevant works. Only papers written in English were reviewed. In total, we reviewed 51 articles which covered a total of 849 myiasis cases. The review encompasses geographical distribution of the disease, dipteran species responsible, predisposing factors, sex of the patient, type of myiasis and treatment. Myiasis is found in most parts of the African continent, however only 18 articles reported myiasis cases in Africa during the period under review. The rest of the articles report cases from the rest of the world but acquired by travellers when visiting Africa. Cordylobia anthropophaga (Blanchard) was responsible for 93.28% of all the reported cases in this review. The low number of articles on human myiasis reported in Africa may be due to underreporting by physicians or most cases are not diagnosed. Therefore, the actual prevalence of myiasis in Africa is currently unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon K Kuria
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, P/Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.
| | - Adebola O Oyedeji
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, P/Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nazzaro G, Germiniasi F, Passoni E, Veraldi S. The role of high-frequency ultrasound in diagnosing myiasis: Report of a case and review of the literature. Skin Res Technol 2018; 25:238-239. [PMID: 30030917 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Nazzaro
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Unità Operativa di Dermatologia, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - F Germiniasi
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Unità Operativa di Dermatologia, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - E Passoni
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Unità Operativa di Dermatologia, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - S Veraldi
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Unità Operativa di Dermatologia, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
How EH, Yap D, Mbakada N. An exotic abscess within the United Kingdom from The Gambia: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2017; 11:310. [PMID: 29096711 PMCID: PMC5668963 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-017-1472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Furuncular myiasis is a parasitic infection of a live mammal by fly larvae commonly seen in Africa. However, with an increase in international tourism, there is a significant rise in exotic infection in non-endemic areas which can pose a diagnostic challenge to doctors and potentially lead to delay in treatment. From the current literature, only 12 cases were reported in the UK. CASE PRESENTATION We report an unusual case of multiple abscesses in a 32-year-old white British woman presenting to our Emergency department in the UK after returning from a holiday in The Gambia, West Africa. She did not complain of systemic symptoms and was otherwise fit and healthy with no significant past medical history. During examination, two maggots were expressed from the abscesses by applying lateral pressure to each lesion. The larvae were found to be Cordylobia anthropophaga. She was discharged with antibiotics to prevent secondary infection with no further follow-up. CONCLUSION With globalization, the need for increasing awareness of tropical diseases has become important to win the battle against future epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Hong How
- Department of Emergency medicine, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Haslingden Road, Blackburn, Lancashire, BB2 3HH, UK
| | - Darren Yap
- Department of Emergency medicine, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Haslingden Road, Blackburn, Lancashire, BB2 3HH, UK
| | - Nik Mbakada
- Department of Emergency medicine, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Haslingden Road, Blackburn, Lancashire, BB2 3HH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Devambez H, Richeux M, Guericolas M, Choquet C, Casalino E, Ghazali AD. Eyelid inflammation: An uncommon cause in occidental countries. Am J Emerg Med 2017; 35:1789.e3-1789.e5. [PMID: 28888529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myiasis designates the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous (two-winged) larvae (maggots) and is the fourth most common travel-associated skin disease. Furuncle is the most common aspect of cutaneous myiasis. CASE PRESENTATION A 24-year-old Caucasian female had been back from Cap-Vert. She described pruritus, slight pain, and the sensation of a foreign body moving in the eyelid. Physical examination showed a single furuncle-like nodule with surrounding erythema and a central pore of the upper eyelid through which a serosanguinous fluid was exuding. A larval end was visible to the naked eye through the aforementioned pore. Treatment consisted of the application of petroleum jelly (Vaseline®) to produce localized hypoxia. A transparent occlusive dressing was set for a duration of 2 h. The larva, Cordylobia antropophaga, spontaneously externalized to breathe and was extracted. DISCUSSION There is an increase in travelers returning from tropical countries. Consequently, travel-associated dermatoses are increasing in non-endemic countries. Context of travel and typical clinical presentation strongly suggested to evoke a cutaneous myiasis. The typical furuncular lesion is a papule or nodule with a central punctum that exudes serosanguinous or purulent fluid. Ultrasound can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment consists of three techniques: methods producing localized hypoxia to force emergence of the larvae, application of toxic substances to the eggs and larvae, and mechanical or surgical debridement. Surgery and antibiotics are usually unnecessary. Prevention of furunculous myiasis is based on vector control and individual actions to improve hygiene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Devambez
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Richeux
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Choquet
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Enrique Casalino
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France; Clinical Investigation Center - EA 7335 REMES, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Aiham Daniel Ghazali
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France; Ilumens - Simulation laboratory, University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wortsman X. Sonography of Dermatologic Emergencies. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2017; 36:1905-1914. [PMID: 28470978 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dermatologic conditions may be the subjects of potential emergency consultations, and the knowledge of their sonographic appearance can facilitate an early diagnosis and management. In this pictorial essay, the sonographic dermatologic anatomy, technique, and conditions that can be supported by a prompt sonographic diagnosis are reviewed. The sonographic signs that may help diagnose these entities are discussed with a practical approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Wortsman
- Departments of Imaging and Dermatology, Institute for Diagnostic Imaging and Research of the Skin and Soft Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Durão C, Barros A, Campos P. A rare case of digital myiasis. J Infect Public Health 2017; 10:886-887. [PMID: 28215913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous myiasis is the infestation of the skin or mucous membranes by larvae of the order Diptera. Wound myiasis affect the skin with a previous lesion, and it may consume both dead and living tissue. Finger infestation is rarely a cause of death, but it may provoke considerable morbidity. Prompt wound exploration and careful total larvae removal is essential to achieve healing. In the reported case, the patient was presented in an advanced stage of the infestation, with a large area of finger necrosis and amputation, associated with cellulitis extending from the finger's base to the hand. This diagnosis helped uncover a familiar history of severe abuse and neglect. The accurate understanding and management of such injuries are important not only for the orthopaedic treatment but also for the acknowledgment of their social and forensic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Durão
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal; National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Portugal.
| | - André Barros
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Campos
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Grassi V, Butterworth JW, Latiffi L. Cordylobia rodhaini infestation of the breast: Report of a case mimicking a breast abscess. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016; 27:122-124. [PMID: 27597396 PMCID: PMC5013247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myiasis, parasitic infestation of the body by fly larvae, caused by the Cordylobia rodhaini is very rare with only fourteen cases published since 1970. We present a rare case of myiasis mimicking a breast abscess. Presentation of case A 17-year-old female presented with a nodular ulcerative lesion in her left breast 14 days following a trip to Ghana. She had been initially unsuccessfully treated with the antibiotic flucloxacillin following a misdiagnosis of a breast abscess. Following application of Vaseline to the breast wound, covering the wound for 2 h and gentle manipulation the larvae was removed successfully and the patient made a good recovery. Discussion Presenting as an inflammatory papule with central opening oozing serosanguinous fluid myiasis secondary to C. rodhaini can easily be mistaken for a breast abscess, often avoiding detection by unsuspecting surgeons on initial assessment. In turn ineffective antibiotic treatment is often prescribed leading to further disease progression and associated morbidity. Conclusion Myiasis secondary to C. rodhaini is a rare but important differential surgeons should consider in women presenting with an inflammatory breast lesion with a recent history of foreign travel to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. Ultrasound imaging can be useful in confirming diagnosis and avoiding treatment delays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Grassi
- Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough Common, Orpington, Kent, Greater London BR6 8ND, United Kingdom
| | - James William Butterworth
- Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough Common, Orpington, Kent, Greater London BR6 8ND, United Kingdom.
| | - Layloma Latiffi
- Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough Common, Orpington, Kent, Greater London BR6 8ND, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates, either humans or animals, with dipterous larvae. Many organs can be infested by these larvae with cutaneous myiasis being the most common form. Cutaneous myiasis can be divided into three categories: localized furuncular myiasis, migratory myiaisis and wound myiasis, which occurs when fly larvae infest the open wounds of the host. Human myiasis has worldwide distribution, with more species and a heavier burden in tropical and subtropical countries. In recent years with increased travel to the tropics, myiasis has become common in returning travelers from these regions, Furuncular myiasis, mainly Dermatobia homonis becomes the most common form seen among them. Treatment is based on full extraction of the larva and no antibiotic treatment is needed. Understanding the mode of transmission of each type of myiasis may help to prevent the infestation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Numerous factors place athletes at increased risk for cutaneous infections, and as such, they are a common complaint in athletic training rooms. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasingly common etiology, and given its severe sequelae, a high index of suspicion in this population is justified. We present 2 cases of college athletes who presented to the athletic training room with findings suspicious for MRSA infection. However, after further investigation, the true diagnosis of myiasis was reached. These cases highlight the importance of asking athletes about recent travel and considering a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating furuncular lesions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lowe P, Naseem S, Bailey C. Cordylobia anthropophaga: a rare surgical emergency in the UK. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-008659. [PMID: 23417950 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-008659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 38-year-old healthy Caucasian man presented to the surgical team with a punctured wound on the right side of his scalp. He had been on a month's holiday to Uganda and South Africa. He recalls a painful swelling progressively increasing over 2 weeks. This was associated with sharp shooting pains and swelling on the right side of the face. He sought medical opinion while on holiday. Broad spectrum oral antibiotics were advised. The condition did not settle with the treatment so he consulted his general practitioner (GP) on return. The GP referred him to the surgical team for management of a scalp wound. On examination, a live pulsating larva was seen within a painful 1.5×2 cm puncture wound on the right side of the scalp. The larva was removed. Microbiology identified the larva as Cordylobia anthropophaga. No further treatment was advised. To our knowledge, the patient remains well to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Lowe
- Surgical Department, Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Tunbridge Wells, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates (humans and/or animals) with dipterous larvae. In mammals (including humans), dipterous larvae can feed on the host's living or dead tissue, liquid body substance, or ingested food and cause a broad range of infestations depending on the body location and the relationship of the larvae with the host. In this review, we deeply discuss myiasis as a worldwide infestation with different agents and with its broad scenario of clinical manifestations as well as diagnosis techniques and treatment.
Collapse
|