1
|
Kong Y, Zhi G, Jin W, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Li Z, Sun J, Ren Y. A review of quantification methods for light absorption enhancement of black carbon aerosol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171539. [PMID: 38462012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is a distinct type of carbonaceous aerosol that has a significant impact on the environment, human health, and climate. A non-BC material coating on BC can alter the mixing state of the BC particles, which considerably enhances the mass absorption efficiency of BC by directing more energy toward the BC cores (lensing effect). A lot of methods have been reported for quantifying the enhancement factor (Eabs), with diverse results. However, to the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive review specific to the quantification methods for Eabs has not been systematically performed, which is unfavorable for the evaluation of obtained results and subsequent radiative forcing. In this review, quantification methods are divided into two broad categories, direct and indirect, depending on whether experimental removal of the coating layer from an aged carbonaceous particle is required. The direct methods described include thermal peeling, solvent dissolution, and optical virtual exfoliation, while the indirect methods include intercept-linear regression fitting, minimum R squared, numerical simulation, and empirical value. We summarized the principles, procedures, virtues, and limitations of the major Eabs quantification methods and analyzed the current problems in the determination of Eabs. We pointed out what breakthroughs are needed to improve or innovate Eabs quantification methods, particularly regarding the need to avoid the influence of brown carbon, develop a broadband Eabs quantification scheme, quantify the Eabs values for the emissions of low-efficiency combustions, measure the Eabs of particles in a high-humidity environment, design a real-time monitor of Eabs by a proper combination of mature techniques, and make more use of artificial intelligence for better Eabs quantification. This review deepens the understanding of Eabs quantification methods and benefits the estimation of the contribution of BC to radiative forcing using climate models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Guorui Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wenjing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhengying Li
- Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- School of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, China
| | - Yanjun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parameterization of The Single-Scattering Properties of Dust Aerosols in Radiative Flux Calculations. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10120728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present parameterization schemes of dust single-scattering properties (SSPs) in order to establish a fast and accurate way to obtain the SSPs for dust shortwave radiative flux calculation. Based on the assumption that dust particles are spheroids, we represent a single nonspherical particle with a collection of monodisperse spheres that contain the same total surface area and volume as the original particle to convert the spheroid to a sphere. The SSPs of dust particles were parameterized in terms of the effective radius ( R e ) and imaginary part of the refractive index ( M i ). The averaged relative errors of the parameterized to the “exact” single-scattering properties, which refer to the results from the Mie theory program, are below 1.5%. To further quantify the impact of parametrization on the radiative flux simulation, we computed the radiative fluxes at both the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the surface by using SSPs from the parameterization and the “exact”, respectively. The maximum relative errors were below 1% at both the TOA and the surface, proving that the SSPs of dust calculated by our parameterization schemes are well suited for radiative flux calculations. This parameterization differs from previous works by being formulated not only with R e but also with M i . We also investigated the sensitivity of dust-aerosol forcing to R e , M i , optical depth (τ), and solar zenith angle (SZA). The results show that the value of shortwave (SW) radiative forcing (RF) at the TOA changes from negative to positive as the M i is increasing, which means that, as the absorption of dust particles becomes stronger, more energy is kept in the atmosphere to heat the earth–atmosphere system. The SW RF gradually becomes less negative at the TOA and more negative at the surface with increasing R e , due to the decreases of reflection and transmission along with the single-scattering albedo decreasing. As the optical depth increases, the values of the SW RF decrease because of the strong attenuation for heavy loading. When SZA increases, the SW RF becomes more negative at both the TOA and the surface due to the long optical path at a large SZA. The errors induced from the parameterized SSPs of dust in the SW RF calculation are very small, which are less than 2.1%, demonstrating the accuracy of the parameterization and its reliability for climate model applications.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan F, Lim HS, Abdullah K, Holben B. Estimation of aerosol optical depth at different wavelengths by multiple regression method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2735-2748. [PMID: 26438373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate and establish a suitable model that can help to estimate aerosol optical depth (AOD) in order to monitor aerosol variations especially during non-retrieval time. The relationship between actual ground measurements (such as air pollution index, visibility, relative humidity, temperature, and pressure) and AOD obtained with a CIMEL sun photometer was determined through a series of statistical procedures to produce an AOD prediction model with reasonable accuracy. The AOD prediction model calibrated for each wavelength has a set of coefficients. The model was validated using a set of statistical tests. The validated model was then employed to calculate AOD at different wavelengths. The results show that the proposed model successfully predicted AOD at each studied wavelength ranging from 340 nm to 1020 nm. To illustrate the application of the model, the aerosol size determined using measure AOD data for Penang was compared with that determined using the model. This was done by examining the curvature in the ln [AOD]-ln [wavelength] plot. Consistency was obtained when it was concluded that Penang was dominated by fine mode aerosol in 2012 and 2013 using both measured and predicted AOD data. These results indicate that the proposed AOD prediction model using routine measurements as input is a promising tool for the regular monitoring of aerosol variation during non-retrieval time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Tan
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Hwee San Lim
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Khiruddin Abdullah
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Brent Holben
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey A. Nizkorodov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|