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Eldiasty JG, Al-Sayed HMA, Farsi RM, Algothmi KM, Alatawi FS, AlGhabban AJ, Alnawwar WH, Alatawi AO, Hamdy HM. The beneficial impacts of nano-propolis liposomes as an anti-stressor agent on broiler chickens kept under cyclic heat stress. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103695. [PMID: 38626693 PMCID: PMC11036096 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This research assessed the impacts of dietary nano-propolis liposomes (NPRL) inclusion on the growth, blood biochemical components, immune function, and oxidative status of broilers exposed to cyclic heat stress (HS). Birds were fed with a basal diet supplemented with various levels of NPRL at 0 (HS), 100 (NPRL100), 250 (NPRL250) and 400 (NPRL400) mg/kg diets. Diets supplemented with NPRL significantly improved the growth indices and feed utilization, hemoglobin and red blood cells (P < 0.01). White blood cells, lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly decreased by NPRL inclusion (P < 0.001). Dietary supplementation of 250 or 400 mg of NPRL /kg reduced the pathogenic bacteria counts (Salmonella, E. coli and Enterococci) (P < 0.01). The birds fed diets with NPRL (400 mg/kg diet) significantly downregulated the mRNA IFNγ gene (p < 0.001), while both groups (NPRL100 and NPRL250) had similar results (P > 0.05). The iNOS gene was significantly decreased by the dietary NPRL inclusion in a dose-dependent manner. Birds in NRPL groups had inferior levels of the mRNA of interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor genes. The lysosome activity was significantly reduced by dietary 250 or 400 mg of NPRL inclusion (P < 0.001). Birds in NPRL250 and NPRL100 had greater IgG (P < 0.05) than the other groups. Regarding oxidative-related biomarkers, dietary NPRL inclusion decreased myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels significantly compared to those with the HS group (P < 0.001). Broilers in the NPRL400 group had the lowest levels of total bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase. NPRL250 had the lowest values of urea compared with other groups (P < 0.001). Dietary NPRL inclusion improved the broiler's hepatic and intestinal architecture exposed to cyclic heat stress. These results indicate that employing NPRL in the diets of stressed broilers can enhance heat resistance by enhancing blood metabolites and immunity, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayda G Eldiasty
- Biology Department, University College of Haqel, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hanan M A Al-Sayed
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabi; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Ain Shams, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem M Farsi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khloud M Algothmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Immunology unit KFMC, King Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatema S Alatawi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej J AlGhabban
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asma O Alatawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haggag M Hamdy
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
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Pérez R, Argüelles F, Laca A, Laca A. Evidencing the importance of the functional unit in comparative life cycle assessment of organic berry crops. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22055-22072. [PMID: 38400966 PMCID: PMC10948583 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
LCA methodology provides the best framework to evaluate environmental impacts in agriculture systems. However, the interpretation of LCA results, in particular when the objective was to compare different production systems, could be affected by the selection of the functional unit (FU). That is why an accurate definition of the FU, in agreement with the function considered for the systems analysed, is essential. In this work, the organic production at small scale of blueberry, raspberry, blackberry and cape gooseberry in North Spain has been analysed following LCA methodology. Although a different distribution of environmental loads was obtained for each crop, in all cases, the main contributions to most of the considered environmental categories were electric and fertiliser consumptions. The different production systems have been compared on the basis of the environmental impacts associated considering different FUs, i.e. based on fruit mass, cultivated area, farm-gate price and nutritional quality of fruits. Carbon footprints (CF) have been also calculated. It was observed that the order of the crops with respect to their environmental performances was the same for the blueberry and raspberry crops (with the lowest and the highest CF, respectively), independently of the selected FU, whereas the order of the blackberry and cape gooseberry crops was interchanged, depending on the FU used. This work supports the need of being aware of the final objective of the orchards when choosing the FU (i.e. producing fruits, cultivating an area, economic benefits or nourishing people), so that valid conclusions can be achieved from the environmental comparison, even for different agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Pérez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería S/N, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Fernando Argüelles
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería S/N, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Amanda Laca
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería S/N, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Adriana Laca
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería S/N, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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3
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Beal CM, Robinson DM, Smith J, Gerber Van Doren L, Tabler GT, Rochell SJ, Kidd MT, Bottje WG, Lei X. Economic and environmental assessment of U.S. broiler production: opportunities to improve sustainability. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102887. [PMID: 37572620 PMCID: PMC10428061 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States is the largest broiler producer in the world, and Americans consume about 45 kg of chicken per capita per year, which generates substantial economic and environmental footprints. We conduct techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment (TEA/LCA) to evaluate the sustainability performance of the U.S. broiler industry and quantify the cost, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy, water, land, fertilizer, and respiratory impacts of 7 broiler production scenarios for a contract Grower, Integrator, and Combined control volume. The assessment is a farm-gate to farm-gate analysis that includes capital cost of chicken houses, labor, chicks brought into the farm, feeds, on-site fuels, and on-site emissions. We found that economics for the Integrator are profitable and dominated by the cost of corn and soybean meal feeds, payments to the Grower, and revenue from live broilers. Additionally, we found that economics for the Grower generate modest return on investment (ROI) largely based on the cost of houses and labor when compared to contract revenue from the Integrator. Environmental impacts for GHG, energy, and respiratory effects are primarily associated with upstream feed production (roughly 65%-80% of total impacts) and on-site fuel consumption (∼20%-35% of total impacts), while those for water, land, and eutrophication are almost entirely attributable to upstream feed production (litter spreading has a low economic allocation factor). Tradeoffs among sustainability metrics are further explored with a sensitivity analysis and by evaluating cost/environmental benefit scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Beal
- B&D Engineering and Consulting LLC, Lander, WY 82520, USA; University of Hawaii at Hilo, Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Center, College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resource Management, Hilo, HI 95720, USA.
| | | | - Jack Smith
- B&D Engineering and Consulting LLC, Lander, WY 82520, USA
| | | | - George T Tabler
- University of Tennessee, Animal Science Department, Middle Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center, Spring Hill, TN 37174, USA
| | | | - Michael T Kidd
- Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, POSC O-114, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Walter G Bottje
- Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, POSC O-114, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Xingen Lei
- Animal Science Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Moon J, DuBien J, Ramachandran R, Liang Y, Dridi S, Tabler T. Effects of a Sprinkler and Cool Cell Combined System on Cooling Water Usage, Litter Moisture, and Indoor Environment of Broiler Houses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2939. [PMID: 37760340 PMCID: PMC10525607 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a serious challenge to food production around the world. Sustainability and water efficiency are critical to a poultry industry faced with global production concerns including increased demands for high-quality, affordable animal protein and greater environmental pressures resulting from rising global temperatures, flock heat stress, and limits on water availability. To address these concerns, a commercial sprinkler system used in combination with a cool cell system was evaluated against a cool cell system alone for two summer flocks of heavy broilers at Mississippi State University to determine effects of sprinkler technology on cooling water usage, litter moisture, and in-house environments. Environmental data were calculated and recorded throughout the flocks. The combination house exhibited a 2.2 °C (4 °F) increase in daily maximum temperature, lower coincident relative humidity, and a 64% (62,039 L/flock) reduction in average cooling water usage over the cool cell-only house. Litter moisture for the combination house tended to be numerically lower but showed no significant difference at several time points between and across flocks. A combined sprinkler/cool cell system reduced cooling water use by 64% over two flocks compared to a cool cell alone system and decreased in-house relative humidity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Moon
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Jan DuBien
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Reshma Ramachandran
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Yi Liang
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Tom Tabler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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5
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Liang H, Dong H, Zhang C, Geng Y, Liu X, Liu G, Zhong C. Combining LCA-MFA models to identify China's plastic value chain environmental impact mitigation pathways. iScience 2023; 26:107701. [PMID: 37694146 PMCID: PMC10483054 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing material flows and environmental impacts of plastic value chain is crucial for sustainable plastic management. Here, we combine material flow analysis and life cycle assessment methods to map the flows of eight major plastics and investigate the multiple environmental impacts of China's plastic value chain. We find that packaging and textile sectors dominate plastic consumption and are responsible for the value chain environmental burdens, but with low recycling rates. Major environmental impacts are generated in plastic production and product manufacturing stages because of the consumption of coal-based feedstocks and electricity. We therefore set up six scenarios by considering carbon neutrality energy pathway, plastic recycling improvement, and technology updating, finding that the value chain environmental impact can be reduced by 14%-57% in 2060 under combined scenario. Particularly, carbon neutrality renewable energy pathway plays an important role. These findings provide valuable insights to identify key mitigation pathways for plastic value chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huijuan Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenyi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Geng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chen Zhong
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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6
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Araújo Dos Santos R, Silva da Costa J, Maranduba HL, Almeida Neto JAD, Rodrigues LB. Reducing the environmental impacts of Brazilian chicken meat production using different waste recovery strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 341:118021. [PMID: 37141719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chicken meat has achieved significant index rates worldwide, with Brazil leading production and exports. The agribusiness significance has led to strengthening attention to the environmental burdens produced by the poultry industry. This research considered reducing the environmental impacts in the life cycle of Brazilian chicken meat regarding strategies for recycling waste from the production process. An attributional cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment was performed, with the functional unit of 1 kg of slaughtered and unpacked chicken meat. The two suggested scenarios used: i) chicken bedding for biogas production and ii) chicken carcass waste as meat meals in feed production. Handling poultry litter for biogas production avoided methane and ammonia emissions, reducing over 50% of the environmental indicators of Climate Change, Terrestrial Acidification, and Freshwater Eutrophication. Reuse poultry waste to produce meat meals reduced from 12% to 55% in all impact categories, decreasing emissions from carcasses destined for decomposition in landfills and using less raw materials from bovine sources. Investigating the environmental performance of the chicken meat production chain encouraged the circularity of natural resources and waste recovery strategies in the system boundary, thus helping to accomplish Sustainable Development Goals 7, 9, 12, and 13 of the UN Agenda 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Araújo Dos Santos
- Graduate Program of Food Science and Engineering. Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - UESB, Campus Itapetinga, Rod. BR 415, km 03, S/N, 45700-000, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil; Faculdade Independente do Nordeste - FAINOR, Av. Luís Eduardo Magalhães, 1305 - Bairro Candeias, 45055-030, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Jessyka Silva da Costa
- Graduate Program of Food Science and Engineering. Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - UESB, Campus Itapetinga, Rod. BR 415, km 03, S/N, 45700-000, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Leonardo Maranduba
- Center of Excellence (CoE) in Circular Economy, Flextronics Institute of Technology - FIT, Avenida Liberdade, 6315 - Prédio 4, Iporanga, Sorocaba, 18087-170, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Adolfo de Almeida Neto
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rod. Jorge Amado, km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Brito Rodrigues
- Departament of Rural and Animal Technology, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - UESB, Campus Itapetinga, Rod. BR 415, km 03, S/N, 45700-000, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil.
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7
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Maciel FDF, Gates RS, Tinôco IDFF, Sousa FCD, Pelletier N, Ibarburu-Blanc MA, Oliveira CEA. Life Cycle Assessment Project for the Brazilian Egg Industry. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091479. [PMID: 37174516 PMCID: PMC10177111 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazil is among the ten largest egg producers in the world. The domestic consumption of Brazilian eggs is 99.6%, the rest being exported to more than 82 countries, with an expectation of growth in the foreign market. The Brazilian egg industry has evolved considerably in recent decades, incorporating new technologies and smart practices. However, there is no assessment of how production could become more sustainable over the years. The LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) approach aims to recognize the polluting potential, identify the environmental impacts generated and reduce these impacts throughout production. On a global scale, researchers approach LCA as a constructive and quantitative technique, and there is great interest in implementing an LCA for the Brazilian egg production sector. With the aim of introducing the LCA methodology to the Brazilian egg industry, this review presents the concept and accounting structure of LCA through LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) and LCIA (Life Cycle Impact Assessment), based on the ISO 14040 and 14044:2006 standards, to quantify the environmental performance of production and identify areas for future improvement, thus promoting the environmental footprint of the Brazilian egg industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane de Fátima Maciel
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Richard Stephen Gates
- Departments of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, and Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | | | - Fernanda Campos de Sousa
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Nathan Pelletier
- Faculty of Management, University of Britishi Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V0A-V9Z, Canada
| | - Maro A Ibarburu-Blanc
- Departments of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, and Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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8
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Hu Q, Shi H, Wang L, Wang L, Hou Y, Wang H, Lai C, Zhang S. Mitigating environmental impacts using net energy system in feed formulation in China's pig production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159103. [PMID: 36181803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the world's largest pork producer, China is facing substantial environmental pressures caused by pig production and the relevant feed production. The net energy (NE) system is promoted as a new evaluation method to evaluate energy content in feed and energy requirements of pigs, but its application lacks of comprehensive and comparative evaluation from the environmental perspective. To identify influence factors and to develop mitigation strategies, the carbon and nitrogen footprints and land use (LU) of pigs (25-120 kg) in China were explored through scenario analysis and cradle-to-farm gate life cycle assessment (LCA). Functional unit (FU) was defined as 1 kg of live weight increase in pig. Among all the procedures of pig production, feed crop production and manure management were the principal contributors to the greenhouse gas (GHG) and nitrogen emissions. As for the carbon footprint, the GHG emissions ranged from 2.37 to 2.55 kg CO2-eq. FU-1 for scenarios using the NE system, 2 % lower than that of the metabolizable energy (ME) system. Cottonseed meal-based scenario generated the lowest GHG emissions, and anaerobic digestion achieved the same effects as other manure management methods. As for the nitrogen footprint, reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions ranged from 53.4 to 66.2 g Nr FU-1 for scenarios using the NE system, 4 % lower than that of the ME system. Peanut-based scenario won the lowest Nr losses. Moreover, arable LU ranged from 4.63 to 5.85 m2 FU-1 for scenarios using the NE system, 4 % lower than that of the ME system, and economic advantage by using the NE system was also proved. Sensitivity analysis and data quality assessment were conducted to quantify the uncertainties of the above models. In conclusion, the application of the NE system in feed formulation was an effective strategy to improve the environmental sustainability of China's pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qile Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Huangwei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yong Hou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions (Ministry of Education), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Changhua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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9
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Carbon Footprint: The Case of Four Chicken Meat Products Sold on the Spanish Market. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223712. [PMID: 36429306 PMCID: PMC9689854 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its relatively low environmental impact within the livestock sector, the poultry sector still faces its own environmental challenges that need to be addressed. The present paper uses life cycle assessment to quantify greenhouse gas emissions, from cradle to slaughterhouse gate, of four chicken meat products: whole carcass, wings, breast fillets, and leg quarters. The main contribution of the present study is that it provides a detailed analysis of different chicken meat cuts, testing mass and economic allocation choices and showing that economic allocation better reflects the causality of the cutting process. We recommend that a distinction should be made between whole carcass and meat cuts, as there are significant differences in meat content and climate change results between these two categories. This is not so clear in the literature, nor in the LEAP guideline for the poultry sector. The study was performed by using disaggregated inventory data from Spain, for the first time. Results show that the major contributors to environmental impact are feed production (>70%), electricity use (10.2%), and fossil fuel combustion (8.1%). Packaging did not significantly contribute to the climate change impact of the chicken products evaluated (0.4−3.4% contribution, depending on the type of packaging and product considered).
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10
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Pereira MTRM, Carvalho M, Mady CEK. Adressing Energy Demand and Climate Change through the Second Law of Thermodynamics and LCA towards a Rational Use of Energy in Brazilian Households. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1524. [PMID: 36359615 PMCID: PMC9689799 DOI: 10.3390/e24111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on a typical Brazilian household through the lens of sustainable development, regarding energy demand and GHG emissions. The analysis encompasses both the direct and indirect energy, exergy consumption, and GHG emissions (quantified by life cycle assessment) associated with the usual routine of a household. The household is modeled as a thermodynamic system to evaluate inputs (food, electricity, fuels for transportation) and outputs (solid and liquid residues). The hypothesis is that each input and output contains CO2,eq emissions and exergy derived from its physical-chemical characteristics or production chains. Each household appliance is modeled and tested as a function of external parameters. The contribution of several industries was obtained to the total GHG emissions and exergy flows entering and exiting the household (e.g., fuels for transportation, food, gas, electricity, wastewater treatment, solid waste). It was verified that urban transportation was the flow with the highest GHG and exergy intensity, ranging between 1.49 and 7.53 kgCO2,eq/day and achieving 94.7 MJ/day, almost five times higher than the calculated exergy demand due to electricity. The second largest flow in GHG emissions was food due to the characteristics of the production chains, ranging from 1.6 to 4.75 kgCO2,eq/day, depending on the adopted diet. On the other hand, the electricity presented low GHG emissions due to the main energy sources used to generate electricity, only 0.52 kgCO2,eq/day. Moreover, the chemical exergy of the solid waste was 9.7 MJ/day, and is not irrelevant compared to the other flows, representing an interesting improvement opportunity as it is entirely wasted in the baseline scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Carvalho
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
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11
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da Silva JT, Alvares FBV, de Lima EF, da Silva Filho GM, da Silva ALP, Lima BA, Feitosa TF, Vilela VLR. Prevalence and diversity of Eimeria spp. in free-range chickens in northeastern Brazil. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1031330. [PMID: 36311673 PMCID: PMC9606332 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1031330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In tropical regions, family farming is a form of production and work that is highly present in rural areas. Because the production system for free-range chickens has a low level of technification, it frequently presents massive infection by coccidia. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of Eimeria species in free-range chickens in northeastern Brazil. Fecal analyses were carried out using materials collected from 100 farms, belonging to 10 different municipalities. The sample from each farm was composed of five stool samples collected from different animals. Coproparasitological analyses were performed and, in each positive sample, photomicrographs of 20 oocysts were used for morphological identification of coccidia. The presence of Eimeria spp. was detected in 59% (59/100) of the farms analyzed. Species identification was performed through morphometric analysis of 1,180 sporulated oocysts. The following eight species of Eimeria spp. were found, in decreasing order of prevalence: Eimeria necatrix (25%), Eimeria mitis (18.3%), Eimeria mivati (17.3%), Eimeria tenella (12.4%), Eimeria brunetti (9.9%), Eimeria acervulina (9.1%), Eimeria praecox (4.8%) and Eimeria maxima (3.2%). The prevalence and diversity of Eimeria spp. on farms producing backyard chickens in the semiarid region of Brazil were high, especially the diversity of species. Changing the management, with the adoption of sanitary measures, may be effective in reducing the high prevalence of coccidia on the farms studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Trajano da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Brendo Andrade Lima
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Thais Ferreira Feitosa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil,*Correspondence: Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela
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12
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Energy Use in the EU Livestock Sector: A Review Recommending Energy Efficiency Measures and Renewable Energy Sources Adoption. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study conducts a review bringing together data from a large number of studies investigating energy use in EU livestock systems. Such a study has not been conducted previously, and improvements in our understanding of energy use concentrations in livestock systems will aid in developing interventions to achieve the EU’s 2030 and 2050 sustainability targets. The results from the Life Cycle Assessments included in this review indicate that energy use is concentrated in feed, housing, and manure management. In most systems, animal feed is the dominant energy use category. Regarding specific livestock categories, the studies covered indicate that energy use requirements range from 2.1 to 5.3 MJ/kg per ECM for cow milk, 59.2 MJ/kg for a suckler cow–calf, and 43.73 MJ/kg for a dairy bull, 15.9 MJ/kg to 22.7 MJ/kg for pork production, 9.6 MJ/kg to 19.1 MJ/kg for broiler production, 20.5–23.5 MJ/kg for chicken egg production. Our review indicates dominance of and dependence on fossil fuel and discusses the situation and research around transitioning towards renewable energy sources and improving energy efficiency. Our analysis indicates that existing energy use data in livestock systems are fragmented and characterized by multiple methodologies and considerable data gaps. In our view, there is a need for the development of a standardized methodology for measuring energy use in livestock systems, which we consider a necessary step to develop interventions that reduce fossil energy use in livestock systems and its contribution to climatic change.
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13
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Ogbuewu I, Mokolopi B, Mbajiorgu C. Meta-analysis of growth performance indices of broiler chickens in response to turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) supplementation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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14
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Andretta I, Hickmann FMW, Remus A, Franceschi CH, Mariani AB, Orso C, Kipper M, Létourneau-Montminy MP, Pomar C. Environmental Impacts of Pig and Poultry Production: Insights From a Systematic Review. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:750733. [PMID: 34778435 PMCID: PMC8578682 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.750733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig and poultry production systems have reached high-performance levels over the last few decades. However, there is still room for improvement when it comes to their environmental sustainability. This issue is even more relevant due to the growing demand for food demand since this surplus food production needs to be met at an affordable cost with minimum impact on the environment. This study presents a systematic review of peer-reviewed manuscripts that investigated the environmental impacts associated with pig and poultry production. For this purpose, independent reviews were performed and two databases were constructed, one for each production system. Previous studies published in peer-reviewed journals were considered for the databases if the method of life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to pig (pork meat) or poultry (broiler meat or table eggs) production to estimate at least the potential effects of climate change, measured as CO2-eq. Studies considering the cradle-to-farm gate were considered, as well as those evaluating processes up to the slaughterhouse or processor gate. The pig database comprised 55 studies, while 30 publications were selected for the poultry database. These studies confirmed feeding (which includes the crop cultivation phase, manufacturing processes, and transportation) as the main contributor to the environmental impact associated with pig and poultry production systems. Several studies evaluated feeding strategies, which were indicated as viable alternatives to mitigate the environmental footprint associated with both production chains. In this study, precision feeding techniques are highlighted given their applicability to modern pig and poultry farming. These novel feeding strategies are good examples of innovative strategies needed to break paradigms, improve resource-use efficiency, and effectively move the current productive scenario toward more sustainable livestock systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Andretta
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe M W Hickmann
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Aline Remus
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Carolina H Franceschi
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B Mariani
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Catiane Orso
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
- Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Candido Pomar
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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15
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Zampiga M, Calini F, Sirri F. Importance of feed efficiency for sustainable intensification of chicken meat production: implications and role for amino acids, feed enzymes and organic trace minerals. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1959277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Calini
- Advisor to the Feed & Animal Industries, Ravenna, Italy
| | - F. Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Long W, Wang H, Hou Y, Chadwick D, Ma Y, Cui Z, Zhang F. Mitigation of Multiple Environmental Footprints for China's Pig Production Using Different Land Use Strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4440-4451. [PMID: 33793238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pig production contributes considerably to land use and greenhouse gas (GHG) and reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions. Land use strategies were widely proposed, but the spillover effects on biological flow are rarely explored. Here, we simultaneously assessed the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and cropland footprints of China's pig production at the provincial scale in 2017. The environmental impacts of land use strategies were further evaluated. Results show that one kg live-weight pig production generated an average of 1.9 kg CO2-equiv and 59 g Nr emissions, occupying 3.5 m2 cropland, with large regional variations. A large reduction in GHG (58-64%) and Nr (12-14%) losses and occupied cropland (10-11%) could be achieved simultaneously if combined strategies of intensive crop production, improved feed-protein utilization efficiency, and feeding co-products were implemented. However, adopting a single strategy may have environmental side-effects. Reallocating cropland that pigs used for feed to plant food alternatives would enhance human-edible energy (3-20 times) and protein delivery (1-5 times) and reduce C and N footprints, except for rice and vegetables. Reallocating cropland to beef and milk production would decrease energy and protein supply. Therefore, a proper combination of land use strategies is essential to alleviate land use changes and nutrient emissions without sacrificing food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Long
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Hou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dave Chadwick
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Yifei Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenling Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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17
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Environmental sustainability assessment of poultry productions through life cycle approaches: A critical review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Heilpern SA, Fiorella K, Cañas C, Flecker AS, Moya L, Naeem S, Sethi SA, Uriarte M, DeFries R. Substitution of inland fisheries with aquaculture and chicken undermines human nutrition in the Peruvian Amazon. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:192-197. [PMID: 37117451 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
With declining capture fisheries production, maintaining nutrient supplies largely hinges on substituting wild fish with economically comparable farmed animals. Although such transitions are increasingly commonplace across global inland and coastal communities, their nutritional consequences are unknown. Here, using human demographic and health information, and fish nutrient composition data from the Peruvian Amazon, we show that substituting wild inland fisheries with chicken and aquaculture has the potential to exacerbate iron deficiencies and limit essential fatty acid supplies in a region already experiencing high prevalence of anaemia and malnutrition. Substituting wild fish with chicken, however, can increase zinc and protein supplies. Chicken and aquaculture production also increase greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural land use and eutrophication. Thus, policies that enable access to wild fisheries and their sustainable management while improving the quality, diversity and environmental impacts of farmed species will be instrumental in ensuring healthy and sustainable food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Heilpern
- Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Kathryn Fiorella
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Luis Moya
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Shahid Naeem
- Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suresh A Sethi
- US Geological Survey, New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth DeFries
- Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Méda B, Garcia-Launay F, Dusart L, Ponchant P, Espagnol S, Wilfart A. Reducing environmental impacts of feed using multiobjective formulation: What benefits at the farm gate for pig and broiler production? Animal 2020; 15:100024. [PMID: 33750548 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed production is the main contributor to several environmental impacts of livestock. To decrease environmental impacts of feed, those of feedstuffs should be considered during formulation. In particular, multiobjective feed formulation (MOF) can help reduce several environmental impacts simultaneously while keeping any increase in feed price moderate. The objective of this study was to assess environmental benefits of MOF at the farm gate for fattening pigs and broilers. For pigs, three feeding strategies were tested: classic 2-phase (2P), 2-phase with lower net energy content (2P-), and multiphase (MP). For broilers, two strategies were tested: classic 3-phase (3P) and 3-phase with higher digestible amino acid contents and lower metabolisable energy content (3P+). Diets were formulated using both least-cost formulation (LCF) and MOF, yielding six pig scenarios and four broiler scenarios. Environmental impacts at the farm gate were estimated using a modelling approach based on life cycle assessment. Indicators for six impact categories were then calculated: climate change (CC), cumulative non-renewable energy demand (CEDNR), acidification (AC), eutrophication (EU), land occupation (LO), and phosphorus demand (PD). As expected, MOF had lower farm-gate impacts than LCF (as much as -13%), but the degree of decrease varied by feeding strategy and impact. For pigs, MOF was equally effective in all strategies at reducing PD (-6 to -9%) and AC (-2%). In contrast, MOF was more effective in 2P and 2P- at decreasing CC (-5% to -7%), LO (-9% to -13%) and EU (-6% to -8%) than in MP (CC: -2%; LO: -4%; EU: -3%). The benefit of MOF was found greater in 2P (-7%) than in other pig strategies for CEDNR (-3 to +0%). For broilers, MOF was equally effective in both strategies tested at decreasing PD (-12%), AC (-2%), and EU (-4%). For CC and CEDNR, MOF was more effective in 3P (CC: -9%; CEDNR: -11%) than 3P+ (-6% for both impacts), but not for LO (+3% in 3P vs -1% in 3P+). These differences were due mainly to differences in animal performance (especially feed conversion ratio) among the strategies tested. Finally, in all scenarios, gross margin at the farm gate decreased with MOF comparatively to LCF (pigs: -3% to -11%); broilers: -7% to -11%). These results demonstrate the importance of comprehensive economic and environmental optimisation of feeding strategies by simultaneously considering feed impacts, animal performance, and manure management. To do so, further research is therefore required to develop new modelling tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Méda
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | | | | | | | - S Espagnol
- IFIP, Institut du porc, BP 35104, 35651 Le Rheu, France
| | - A Wilfart
- Institut Agro, INRAE, SAS, 35042 Rennes, France
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20
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Monteiro A, Dourmad JY, Moreira C, Rossi R, Ferreira L, Costa A, Pozza P. The source of performance and excretion data affects the environmental impact of pig rearing estimated by life cycle assessment. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to calculate the environmental impact of raising pigs fed diets with 192, 182, 172, or 162 g kg−1crude protein (CP) from 15 to 30 kg live weight, using a life cycle assessment (LCA) based on either predicted or observed performance and excretion data. The predicted data were calculated for two animal profiles: one with feed intake and weight gain data being representative of the national Brazilian average (yp-AVG), and the other being representative of the specific experimental farm conditions (yp-SPC). Performance and excretion of pigs were either measured (yobs) or predicted (yp) for each CP scenario by using InraPorc®model and LCA impacts were calculated from these data. The ypand yobsdata of performance, nutrient excretion, and LCA were then compared using a Bayesian paired approach. Whatever the calculation methods, the decrease in dietary CP reduced the environmental impacts per kilogram of weight gain on acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), and land occupation. Predicted data from yp-SPCdid not differ from yobsdata except for nitrogen excretion and AP and EP impacts. Predicted data from yp-AVGdiffered from yobsfor all criteria except for body weight gain, phosphorus excreted, and cumulative energy demand, mainly because of the lower feed conversion ratio for average data. It was concluded that the use of predicted data calculated from specific farm indicators could better explain the environmental impact of pig farming in Brazil compared with the use of national average indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J.-Y. Dourmad
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saint-Gilles 35590, France
| | - C.A. Moreira
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - R.M. Rossi
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - L.F.M. Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - A.E.R. Costa
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - P.C. Pozza
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
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21
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Santos RA, Garcia RG, Gandra ERS, Burbarelli MFC, Muchon JL, Caldara FR. Carcass Washing as an Alternative to Trimming - Is It Possible to Use Carcass Washing as an Alternative to Trimming in Commercial Broiler Slaughterhouses in Brazil? BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RA Santos
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Brazil
| | - RG Garcia
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Brazil
| | - ERS Gandra
- Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Brasil
| | | | - JL Muchon
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Brazil
| | - FR Caldara
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Brazil
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22
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Permutation Entropy and Statistical Complexity Analysis of Brazilian Agricultural Commodities. ENTROPY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7514564 DOI: 10.3390/e21121220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural commodities are considered perhaps the most important commodities, as any abrupt increase in food prices has serious consequences on food security and welfare, especially in developing countries. In this work, we analyze predictability of Brazilian agricultural commodity prices during the period after 2007/2008 food crisis. We use information theory based method Complexity/Entropy causality plane (CECP) that was shown to be successful in the analysis of market efficiency and predictability. By estimating information quantifiers permutation entropy and statistical complexity, we associate to each commodity the position in CECP and compare their efficiency (lack of predictability) using the deviation from a random process. Coffee market shows highest efficiency (lowest predictability) while pork market shows lowest efficiency (highest predictability). By analyzing temporal evolution of commodities in the complexity–entropy causality plane, we observe that during the analyzed period (after 2007/2008 crisis) the efficiency of cotton, rice, and cattle markets increases, the soybeans market shows the decrease in efficiency until 2012, followed by the lower predictability and the increase of efficiency, while most commodities (8 out of total 12) exhibit relatively stable efficiency, indicating increased market integration in post-crisis period.
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23
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Sieti N, Schmidt Rivera XC, Stamford L, Azapagic A. Environmental sustainability assessment of ready-made baby foods: Meals, menus and diets. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:899-911. [PMID: 31280171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although there is a growing body of literature on the environmental impacts of food, virtually none of the studies has addressed baby foods. Therefore, this work explored the life cycle environmental impacts of different ready-made baby foods, both at the level of individual meals and their combinations within a weekly menu. Twelve different meals were considered, based on baby food products available on the UK market, spanning breakfast, lunch and dessert. Menus following four different diets - omnivorous, vegetarian, pescatarian and dairy-free - were also evaluated. The results showed that, on average, lunch meals had the highest impacts and desserts the lowest. Breakfast has either intermediate (wet porridge) or low (dry porridge) impacts. Among the lunch meals, spaghetti Bolognese and salmon risotto had the highest impacts and among the desserts, strawberry, raspberry and banana as well as apple, pear and banana purees had the lowest. The key hotspots across the meals were raw materials and packaging. Meals with more meat and cream were found to have higher impacts. Manufacturing also played a significant role for global warming potential as well as depletion of fossil resources and the ozone layer due to the fossil fuels used in the process. When the impacts were analysed per mass of baby food consumed weekly, the dairy-free diet had higher impacts than the other three, but the difference among them was relatively small. The trends changed when nutritional value was taken into account, with the dairy-free diet exhibiting considerably higher impacts per unit of energy content. In that case, the pescatarian diet became the best option for most impacts. There was little difference between the omnivore and vegetarian diets. It is expected that these results will be of interest to baby food manufacturers and consumers, helping them to make more informed manufacturing and purchasing decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sieti
- Sustainable Industrial Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ximena C Schmidt Rivera
- Sustainable Industrial Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Laurence Stamford
- Sustainable Industrial Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Adisa Azapagic
- Sustainable Industrial Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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24
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Ramedani Z, Alimohammadian L, Kheialipour K, Delpisheh P, Abbasi Z. Comparing energy state and environmental impacts in ostrich and chicken production systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28284-28293. [PMID: 31363980 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Energy state and environmental impacts of production systems are of main criteria to reach sustainability. In the present research, ostrich was compared with a broiler production system based on the criteria. The required data was gathered in Boukan Township, West Azerbaijan, Iran, by a questioner method. The total input energy in ostrich and broiler systems was calculated as 150,419.81 MJ (1 ton of bird year)-1 and 344,579.58 MJ (1 ton of bird year)-1, respectively. Diesel fuel and feed (41.39% and 36.95%, respectively) in broiler and electricity (45.87%) in the ostrich production system had the highest energy shares. Eleven impact categories were estimated by SimaPro software in the studied systems. Except for human toxicity, fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity, and terrestrial ecotoxicity, the amounts of other environmental impacts in the ostrich production system were lower than those of the poultry production system. The amount of global warming indicator for the production of 1 ton of broiler chicken was 17,400 kg CO2 eq year-1 that was equal to 4350 kg CO2 eq period-1. This value was obtained as 1.68 × 104 kg CO2 eq year-1 for the production of ostrich meat. In both production systems, feed was the main factor responsible for almost all studied environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Ramedani
- Department of Mechanization Engineering, Sonqor Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Sonqor, Iran.
| | - Loghman Alimohammadian
- Department of Mechanization Engineering, Sonqor Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Sonqor, Iran
| | - Kamran Kheialipour
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Parya Delpisheh
- Department of Mechanization Engineering, Sonqor Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Sonqor, Iran
| | - Zahra Abbasi
- Department of Mechanization Engineering, Sonqor Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Sonqor, Iran
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25
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Arrieta EM, González AD. Energy and carbon footprints of chicken and pork from intensive production systems in Argentina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:20-28. [PMID: 30981200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the heterogeneity and complexity of food systems, there is a need to increase the knowledge on environmental impacts of regional productions by performing studies in a transparent manner, so that researchers could compare and accurately adapt such data to assess mitigation strategies. With the exception of beef, chicken and pork are the most consumed meats in Argentina and their consumption is expected to continuing increasing. However, despite the growing importance of chicken and pork industry, no studies on environmental impact of these products have been conducted to date in this country. Performing a life cycle inventory with data derived from government statistical publications, academia and communications with industry, the present study aims to investigate the energy and carbon footprints per ton of live weight (LW) of chickens and pigs from intensive production systems at farm gate in Argentina. In addition, we discussed in detail the effects on energy and carbon footprints of two animal diets which comprise different soybean by-products commonly used in animal husbandry, namely expeller-extruded soybean meal and solvent-extracted soybean meal and oil. We found that the energy and carbon footprint at farm gate for chicken was 13.6-15.1 GJ/ton LW and 2.03-2.22 ton CO2-eq/ton LW, for pigs in hoop systems 23.2-24.0 GJ/ton LW and 5.14-5.17 ton CO2-eq/ton LW, and for pigs in confinement systems 23.6-24.2 GJ/ton LW and 6.06-6.45 ton CO2-eq/ton LW, respectively. The choice of expeller-extruded soybean meal or solvent-extracted soybean meal and oil as feed ingredients showed small differences on the energy and carbon footprints of chickens and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel M Arrieta
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, FCFyN, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro D González
- Instituto Andino-Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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26
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Corrado S, Luzzani G, Trevisan M, Lamastra L. Contribution of different life cycle stages to the greenhouse gas emissions associated with three balanced dietary patterns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:622-630. [PMID: 30641391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
In light of the considerable pressure exerted by food production on the environment, the assessment of the environmental burdens of dietary choices has recently gained interest among the scientific community. Several studies based on life cycle thinking approach agreed that a transition from an omnivorous to either a vegan or vegetarian diets would reduce the environmental impact associated with food consumption. The majority of the studies set the system boundaries up to the retail, excluding the consumption phase and generally do not account for uncertainties. The aim of the present study was to assess how personal consumption choices and behaviour can affect the greenhouse gas emissions generated by three balanced dietary patterns (omnivorous, vegetarian and vegan), defined on the basis of nutritional recommendations for an average Italian man. It took into consideration the uncertainties associated with three elements, namely the greenhouse gas emissions due to the production of the food items, the emissions associated with cooking and the food wasted by consumers. The results of the study highlighted that, despite the higher share of greenhouse gas emissions of the supply chain stages prior to consumption (66%-74% of the total emissions), domestic behaviours have an important influence of the total greenhouse gas emissions of the diet, which can offset the lower GHG emissions due to the choice of vegetable-origin foods. In fact, 15%-21% of the total emissions are associated to the cooking phase and 11%-13% to the food waste generation. Therefore, this study remarks the importance of adopting a cradle to grave perspective when assessing the environmental burden of dietary patterns and emphasises the central role of consumers in the definition of low GHG-emitting dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Corrado
- Department of Sustainable Food Production, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, PC, Italy
| | - Gloria Luzzani
- Department of Sustainable Food Production, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, PC, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department of Sustainable Food Production, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, PC, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Lamastra
- Department of Sustainable Food Production, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, PC, Italy.
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Suma P, Chinnici G, La Pergola A, Russo A, Bella S, Pecorino B, Pappalardo G. Assessing the Technical Effectiveness and Economic Feasibility of Pest Management Through Structural Heat Treatment: An Entomological and Economic Analysis in Four Mills in Sicily (Italy). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:957-962. [PMID: 30476216 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat treatments (HTs) for pest control represent a promising, fast, and non-chemical method to disinfest commodities and structures with a significantly reduced environmental impact compared with the chemical approach. An entomological and economic study has been conducted to determine the technical efficacy and economic feasibility of HT in mills that produce flour and semolina in Sicily (Italy) where, for the first time, this technique has been applied. The results obtained from the entomological analysis demonstrated that this method provided a satisfactory level of control of the following insect species: Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), and Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Moreover, using precautionary assumptions in terms of revenue and cost changes resulting from the adoption of HT, the economic analysis showed a good performance of the economic indices making this technique economically feasible for the mills. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of HTs which ensure to Sicilian mills a reduction of environmental impact of production process and the subsequent increase of the competitive position in the agri-food markets of the processed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Suma
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environments, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Chinnici
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environments, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A La Pergola
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environments, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Russo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environments, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S Bella
- (CREA-OFA) Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria. Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, Acireale, Italy
| | - B Pecorino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environments, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Pappalardo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environments, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Kılıç İ, Yaylı B, Elekberov A. Bursa Bölgesinde Faaliyet Gösteren Üç Adet Broyler İşletmesinin Karbon Ayak İzinin Tahminlenmesi. ULUSLARARASI TARIM VE YABAN HAYATI BILIMLERI DERGISI 2018. [DOI: 10.24180/ijaws.480796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Multiobjective formulation is an effective method to reduce environmental impacts of livestock feeds. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1298-1309. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEnvironmental and economic performances of livestock production are related largely to the production of complete feeds provided on commercial farms. Formulating feeds based on environmental and economic criteria appears a suitable approach to address the current challenges of animal production. We developed a multiobjective (MO) method of formulating feed which considers both the cost and environmental impacts (estimated via life cycle assessment) of the feed mix. In the first step, least-cost formulation provides a baseline for feed cost and potential impacts per kg of feed. In the second, the minimised MO function includes normalised values of feed cost and impacts climate change, P demand, non-renewable energy demand and land occupation. An additional factor weights the relative influence of economic and environmental objectives. The potential of the method was evaluated using two scenarios of feed formulation for pig, broiler and young bulls. Compared to baseline feeds, MO-formulated feeds had lower environmental impacts in both scenarios studied (−2 to −48 %), except for land occupation of broiler feeds, and a moderately higher cost (1–7 %). The ultimate potential for this method to mitigate environmental impacts is probably lower than this, as animal supply chains may compete for the same low-impact feed ingredients. The method developed complements other strategies, and optimising the entire animal production system should be explored in the future to substantially decrease the associated impacts.
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Phylogenetic Group of Escherichia coli Isolates from Broilers in Brazilian Poultry Slaughterhouse. ScientificWorldJournal 2017; 2017:5898701. [PMID: 29130064 PMCID: PMC5654288 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5898701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the phylogenetic groups of E. coli strains isolated from seemingly healthy broiler and broiler condemned suspected of colibacillosis in a Brazilian slaughterhouse. Samples from respiratory tract and edible giblets (liver and heart) of broilers with and without macroscopic lesions of colibacillosis were collected at slaughter. There were 84 strains isolated from broilers condemned of which 11 were obtained from swabs of the heart, 7 from the liver, and 66 from the respiratory tract. Of the 53 E. coli strains isolated from broilers not condemned, 5 were isolated from the heart, 4 from the liver, and 44 from the respiratory tract. E coli strains were tested via PCR for phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and F. Phylogroups A and B1 were the most common phylogroups of E. coli obtained from healthy and sick-appearing broiler carcasses. The results of the study showed that phylogroups B2 and E were associated with the heart samples and phylogroup A was associated with respiratory tract samples, phylogroup B1 with not condemned carcass, and phylogroup D with liver samples.
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Collatto DC, Mansilha RB, Chiwiacowsky LD, Lacerda DP. Multi-Criteria Analysis to Prioritize Energy Sources for Ambience in Poultry Production. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DC Collatto
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil
| | - RB Mansilha
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil
| | | | - DP Lacerda
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil
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The impact of feeding growing-finishing pigs with reduced dietary protein levels on performance, carcass traits, meat quality and environmental impacts. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Santos HCM, Maranduba HL, de Almeida Neto JA, Rodrigues LB. Life cycle assessment of cheese production process in a small-sized dairy industry in Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3470-3482. [PMID: 27873115 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Current research identifies, analyzes, and suggests improvements for minimizing environmental impacts in the manufacture of cheese using the life cycle assessment. Data collection and development of the inventory were performed in a small-sized dairy industry in Brazil. A cradle-to-gate approach was conducted based on the primary data from cheese production and secondary data from databases. The ReCiPe method was used for the impact assessment, considering the categories climate change, ozone depletion, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, photochemical oxidant formation, particulate matter formation, water depletion, and fossil depletion. A sensitivity analysis was performed including evaluations of different fuels for generating thermal energy, strategies for cleaning of dairy plant and utensils, variations in the way of cheese production based on the fat content, and production percentage changes. The results showed that the skimmed milk and thermal energy productions, electricity usage, and water consumptions were the main elementary flows. The pallet residues showed the best to be used as fuel for thermal energy. Detergent combinations did not influence the impact categories. There was a direct relationship between fat content range (20 to 30%) and the contribution in six impact categories. Changes from 20% in cheese allocation factor influenced the impact assessment results. LCA allowed identifying the main elementary flow of cheese production, providing valuable information with the potential to verify opportunities for on-site improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson Carlos Maia Santos
- Materials and Environment Research Group, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - UESB, Rodovia BR 415, km 03, Itapetinga, Bahia, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Henrique Leonardo Maranduba
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - José Adolfo de Almeida Neto
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano Brito Rodrigues
- Materials and Environment Research Group, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - UESB, Rodovia BR 415, km 03, Itapetinga, Bahia, 45700-000, Brazil.
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Giannenas I, Bonos E, Anestis V, Filioussis G, Papanastasiou DK, Bartzanas T, Papaioannou N, Tzora A, Skoufos I. Effects of Protease Addition and Replacement of Soybean Meal by Corn Gluten Meal on the Growth of Broilers and on the Environmental Performances of a Broiler Production System in Greece. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169511. [PMID: 28046072 PMCID: PMC5207743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to examine the combined effects of adding a dietary protease, reducing the levels of soybean meal (SBM) and introducing corn gluten meal (CGM) in the ration of a group of broilers reared on a commercial Greek farm. Five hundred forty chicks were divided into three dietary treatments with six replicates of thirty birds each. The first group (Control) was fed a conventional diet based on corn and soybean meal, containing 21% w/w crude protein (CP). The second group (Soy-Prot) was supplied a corn and SBM-based diet containing a lower level of CP (20% w/w) and 200 mg of the protease RONOZYME® Proact per kg of feed. The third group (Gluten-Prot) was fed a diet without soybean-related constituents which was based on corn and CGM and with CP and protease contents identical to those of the diet of the Soy-Prot group. Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), intestinal microbiota populations and morphology, meat quality and cost were evaluated. Furthermore, a partial life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed in order to assess the potential environmental performance of the systems defined by these three dietary treatments and identify their environmental hot-spots. The growth performance of the broilers supplied the Soy-Prot diet was similar to the broilers supplied the Control diet. However, the broilers which were fed the Gluten-Prot diet at the end of the trial showed a tendency (P≤0.010) for lower weight gain and feed intake compared to those of the Control diet. When compared to the Control group, lower counts of C. perfringens (P≤0.05) were detected in the ileum and cecum parts, and lower counts of F. necrophorum (P≤0.001) were detected in the cecum part of the birds from the Gluten-Prot group. The evaluation of intestinal morphometry showed that the villus height and crypt depth values were not significantly different (P>0.05) among the experimental groups for the duodenum, jejunum and ileum parts. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in the quality of the breast and thigh meat and in the feed cost per kg body weight gain for the total duration of the growth period between the Control and Gluten-Prot broiler groups. The LCA suggested that the ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions due to litter handling constitute the farm level hot-spots for the Acidification and Eutrophication Potentials of the Control and Soy-Prot systems and the Global Warming Potential of the Gluten-Prot system, respectively. The Latin American soybean production and domestic corn production and lignite mining are important off-farm polluting processes for the studied life cycles. The Soy-Prot and Gluten-Prot systems both performed better than the Control system in nine of Environmental Impact Category Indicators assessed, with the respective differences being generally larger for the Gluten-Prot system. The environmental impact estimates are regarded as initial, indicative figures due to their inherent uncertainty. Overall, the results could be considered as positive indications in the effort to sustainably replace the conventional, soybean-dependent control diet in the specific broiler production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Bonos
- Research Institute of Animal Science, ELGO-Dimitra, Paralimni Giannitsa, Pella, Greece
| | - Vasileios Anestis
- Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering and Environment, Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Volos, Greece
- Laboratory of Agricultural Constructions and Environmental Control, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Magnisia, Greece
| | - Georgios Filioussis
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K. Papanastasiou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering and Environment, Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Volos, Greece
| | - Thomas Bartzanas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering and Environment, Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Volos, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Tzora
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Division of Animal Production, Technological Institute of Epirus, Arta, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Division of Animal Production, Technological Institute of Epirus, Arta, Greece
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Wilfart A, Espagnol S, Dauguet S, Tailleur A, Gac A, Garcia-Launay F. ECOALIM: A Dataset of Environmental Impacts of Feed Ingredients Used in French Animal Production. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167343. [PMID: 27930682 PMCID: PMC5145169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeds contribute highly to environmental impacts of livestock products. Therefore, formulating low-impact feeds requires data on environmental impacts of feed ingredients with consistent perimeters and methodology for life cycle assessment (LCA). We created the ECOALIM dataset of life cycle inventories (LCIs) and associated impacts of feed ingredients used in animal production in France. It provides several perimeters for LCIs (field gate, storage agency gate, plant gate and harbour gate) with homogeneously collected data from French R&D institutes covering the 2005-2012 period. The dataset of environmental impacts is available as a Microsoft® Excel spreadsheet on the ECOALIM website and provides climate change, acidification, eutrophication, non-renewable and total cumulative energy demand, phosphorus demand, and land occupation. LCIs in the ECOALIM dataset are available in the AGRIBALYSE® database in SimaPro® software. The typology performed on the dataset classified the 149 average feed ingredients into categories of low impact (co-products of plant origin and minerals), high impact (feed-use amino acids, fats and vitamins) and intermediate impact (cereals, oilseeds, oil meals and protein crops). Therefore, the ECOALIM dataset can be used by feed manufacturers and LCA practitioners to investigate formulation of low-impact feeds. It also provides data for environmental evaluation of feeds and animal production systems. Included in AGRIBALYSE® database and SimaPro®, the ECOALIM dataset will benefit from their procedures for maintenance and regular updating. Future use can also include environmental labelling of commercial products from livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Armelle Gac
- Institut de l’Elevage, Monvoisin, Le Rheu, France
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Monteiro ANTR, Garcia-Launay F, Brossard L, Wilfart A, Dourmad JY. Effect of feeding strategy on environmental impacts of pig fattening in different contexts of production: evaluation through life cycle assessment. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4832-4847. [PMID: 27898927 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been used in many studies to evaluate the effect of feeding strategy on the environmental impact of pig production. However, because most studies have been conducted in European conditions, the question of possible interactions with the context of production is still under debate. The objective of this study was to evaluate these effects in 2 contrasted geographic contexts of production, South America (Brazil) and Europe (France). The LCA considered the process of pig fattening, including production and transport of feed ingredients and feed, raising of fattening pigs, and manure storage, transport, and spreading. Impacts were calculated at the farm gate, and the functional unit considered was 1 kg of BW gain over the fattening period. The performances of pigs were simulated for each scenario using the InraPorc population model (2,000 pigs per scenario considering between-animal variability). The LCA calculations were performed for each pig according to its own performance and excretion, and the results were subjected to variance analysis. The results indicate that for some impacts there are clear interactions between the effects of the feeding program, the origin of soybean, and the location of production. For climate change, interest in phase feeding and incorporation of crystalline AA (CAA) is limited and even counterproductive in Brazil with soybeans from the South (without deforestation), whereas they appear to be efficient strategies with soybeans from the Center West (with deforestation), especially in France. Rather similar effects, as those for climate change, were observed for cumulative energy demand. Conversely, potential eutrophication and acidification impacts were reduced by phase feeding and CAA addition in a rather similar way in all situations. Individual daily feeding, the only strategy that took into account between-animal variability, was the most effective approach for reducing the life cycle impact of pig fattening in all situations, whereas the potential of phase feeding programs and CAA was dependent on soybean origin and the geographical context of pig production, in contrast with previous results.
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Ogino A, Murakami H, Yamashita T, Furuya M, Kawahara H, Ohkubo T, Osada T. Estimation of nutrient excretion factors of broiler and layer chickens in Japan. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:659-668. [PMID: 27480223 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We estimated the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) excretion factors of broiler and layer chickens in Japan, using two approaches and the latest data available. In the top-down approach, we determined the nutrient amounts in the feeds and those in the products (i.e. the liveweight gain, eggs), and the national nutrient excretions were determined as the difference between these amounts. We then calculated the nutrient excretion factors by dividing the national excretions by the number of animals. In the bottom-up approach, we calculated the amounts of nutrients in the feed and product per head using productivity parameters (feed conversion ratio, etc.). The differences between these amounts were considered the nutrient excretion factors. The average nutrient excretion factors of broilers (g/day/head) estimated using the top-down and bottom-up approaches were: N, 1.40 and 1.87; P, 0.36, 0.50; K, 0.54, 0.77; Mg, 0.13, 0.18, respectively. The excretion factors obtained by the top-down approach can be used to calculate the national/regional excretions. The two approaches resulted in almost the same excretion factors for layers, and the average nutrient excretion factors of layers (g/day/head) estimated were: N, 2.20; P, 0.55; K, 0.68; Mg, 0.23. The estimated excretion factors for N (only) are smaller than the reported factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Ogino
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Murakami
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamashita
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motohiro Furuya
- Yamanashi Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawahara
- Saga Prefectural Higashimatsuura Agricultural Development and Extension Center, Saga, Japan
| | - Takako Ohkubo
- Ibaraki Prefectural Livestock Research Center, Ishioka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Osada
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
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Kebreab E, Liedke A, Caro D, Deimling S, Binder M, Finkbeiner M. Environmental impact of using specialty feed ingredients in swine and poultry production: A life cycle assessment. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:2664-81. [PMID: 27285941 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock production has a variety of environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, acidification, and primary energy consumption. The demand for livestock products is expected to grow substantially, creating even more environmental pressure. The use of specialty feed ingredients (SFI) such as supplemented AA and phytase can reduce nutrient input into the system without compromising productivity and consequently can reduce emissions. The global change impact of using SFI in pig and broiler production systems in Europe and North and South America was studied. A life cycle assessment according to international standards (ISO 14040/44) analyzed contributions from producing SFI and animals to global change. Three different alternatives were analyzed. In addition, partial sensitivity analysis was conducted using 5 scenarios for each region for both production systems. Specialty feed ingredient supplementation in pig and broiler diets reduced greenhouse gas emissions (cradle to farm gate) by 56% and 54% in Europe, 17% and 15% in North America, and 33% and 19% in South America, respectively, compared to an unsupplemented diet. A total of 136 Mt CO equivalent (CO eq) was saved in 2012, rising to 146 Mt CO eq in 2050 on the basis of United Nations population projections. Considerable benefits of supplementation with SFI were apparent in European and South American diets when direct land use change was considered because of the reduced demand for soybean meal. The eutrophication potential of unsupplemented diets was reduced by up to 35% in pig and 49% in broiler production systems compared to supplemented alternatives. The acidification potential of supplemented strategies was reduced by up to 30% in pig and 79% in broiler production systems. The primary energy demand was similar in all alternatives, and this could be an area where the SFI industry can improve. Overall, SFI supplementation substantially reduced the global warming, eutrophication, and acidification potentials in all regions studied.
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