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Zhou X, Zhang B, Meng Q, Li L. Effects of Graphene Oxide on Endophytic Bacteria Population Characteristics in Plants from Soils Contaminated by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Molecules 2024; 29:2342. [PMID: 38792204 PMCID: PMC11123924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution stands as one of the significant global challenges we face today. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of stubborn organic pollutants, have long been a focal point of bioremediation research. This study aims to explore the impact and mechanisms of graphene oxide (GO) on the phytoremediation effectiveness of PAHs. The results underscore the significant efficacy of GO in accelerating the degradation of PAHs. Additionally, the introduction of GO altered the diversity and community structure of endophytic bacteria within the roots, particularly those genera with potential for PAH degradation. Through LEfSe analysis and correlation studies, we identified specific symbiotic bacteria, such as Mycobacterium, Microbacterium, Flavobacterium, Sphingomonas, Devosia, Bacillus, and Streptomyces, which coexist and interact under the influence of GO, synergistically degrading PAHs. These bacteria may serve as key biological markers in the PAH degradation process. These findings provide new theoretical and practical foundations for the application of nanomaterials in plant-based remediation of polluted soils and showcase the immense potential of plant-microbe interactions in environmental restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Ningxia Institute of Science and Technology, Shizuishan 753000, China;
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
| | - Qingzhu Meng
- College of Material Science and Green Technologies, Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Lingmei Li
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
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2
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Li X, Ning X, Li Z. Global research trends of uranium-containing wastewater treatment based on bibliometric review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120310. [PMID: 38377753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The generation of uranium-containing wastewater (UCW) during different stages of uranium mining, processing, and utilization presents a significant ecological and biospheric threat. Consequently, it is crucial for both sustainable development and the protection of human health to adopt appropriate methods for the treatment of UCW as well as the separation and enrichment of uranium. This study conducted a comprehensive search of the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database for publications related to UCW treatment between 1990 and 2022 to gain insight into current trends in the field. Subsequently, the annual publications, WOSCC categories, geographical distribution, major collaborations, prolific authors, influential journals, and highly cited publications were the subjects of a biliometric analysis that was subsequently carried out. The study findings indicate a significant rise in the overall number of publications in the research field between 1990 and 2022. China, India, and the USA emerged as the primary contributors in terms of publication count. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, the East China University of Technology, and the University of South China were identified as the key research institutions in this field. Furthermore, a majority of the publications in this field were distributed through prestigious journals with high impact factors, such as the Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. The top 3 journals were Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Journal, and Journal of Hazardous Materials. The keyword co-occurrence and burst analysis revealed that the current research on UCW treatment mainly focuses on adsorption-based treatment methods, environmentally functional materials, uranium recovery, etc. Furthermore, the study of the adsorption efficiency of different adsorbent materials, as well as the strengthening and improvement of adsorbent material selectivity and capacity for the recovery of uranium, represents a research hotspot in the field of UCW treatment in the future. This study conducts a comprehensive overview of the current status and prospects of the UCW treatment, which can provide a valuable reference for gaining insights into the development trajectory of the UCW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhong Li
- Hangzhou Institute of National Extremely-weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310028, China; School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaolin Ning
- Hangzhou Institute of National Extremely-weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou 310028, China; School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhonghong Li
- School Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
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3
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Ren Y, Wang G, Bai X, Su Y, Zhang Z, Han J. Research progress on remediation of organochlorine pesticide contamination in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:25. [PMID: 38225511 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Deteriorated soil pollution has grown into a worldwide environmental concern over the years. Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues, featured with ubiquity, persistence and refractoriness, are one of the main pollution sources, causing soil degradation, fertility decline and nutritional imbalance, and severely impacting soil ecology. Furthermore, residual OCPs in soil may enter the human body along with food chain accumulation and pose a serious health threat. To date, many remediation technologies including physicochemical and biological ways for organochlorine pollution have been developed at home and abroad, but none of them is a panacea suitable for all occasions. Rational selection and scientific decision-making are grounded in in-depth knowledge of various restoration techniques. However, soil pollution treatment often encounters the interference of multiple factors (climate, soil properties, cost, restoration efficiency, etc.) in complex environments, and there is still a lack of systematic summary and comparative analysis of different soil OCP removal methods. Thus, to better guide the remediation of contaminated soil, this review summarized the most commonly used strategies for OCP removal, evaluated their merits and limitations and discussed the application scenarios of different methods. It will facilitate the development of efficient, inexpensive and environmentally friendly soil remediation strategies for sustainable agricultural and ecological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuanjiao Bai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuying Su
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Lu YT, Zhang Y, Xiang XX, Zhang SC, Yao H. Combined pollution of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil in Shenfu Region, China: a case of three different cities. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:167. [PMID: 36449123 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is a challenging issue to investigate the combined pollution of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of these two pollutants in soils in Shenyang, Fushun, and Fushun New District, to analyze their distribution, their interaction, and co-contamination levels. The concentrations of heavy metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), while the concentrations of 21 kinds of PAH were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the analysis of pollution concentrations and distribution patterns, the intrinsic links between heavy metals and PAHs in three different cities were assessed using a variety of multivariate analysis methods. Compared to Shenfu New District, the concentration of pollutants in Shenyang and Fushun shows a higher level. Moreover, the results of redundancy analysis (RDA) of samples may quantify the possibility of combined pollution of different heavy metal elements and PAHs. This study also affirms the important role of multivariate analysis in being used to reveal the complex interactions and spatial distribution of different pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Tao Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, China
- China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shi-Chao Zhang
- Energy Saving & Environmental Protection &, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong Yao
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, China.
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5
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Iron nanoparticles to recover a co-contaminated soil with Cr and PCBs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3541. [PMID: 35241772 PMCID: PMC8894337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Little attention has been given to the development of remediation strategies for soils polluted with mixture of pollution (metal(loid)s and organic compounds). The present study evaluates the effectiveness of different types of commercial iron nanoparticles (nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI), bimetallic nZVI-Pd, and nano-magnetite (nFe3O4)), for the remediation of an industrial soil co-contaminated with Cr and PCBs. Soil samples were mixed with nZVI, nZVI-Pd, or nFe3O4 at doses selected according to their reactivity with PCBs, homogenized, saturated with water and incubated at controlled conditions for 15, 45 and 70 days. For each sampling time, PCBs and chromium were analyzed in aqueous and soil fractions. Cr(VI) and Cr leachability (TCLP test) were determined in the soil samples. The treatment with the three types of iron nanoparticles showed significant reduction in Cr concentration in aqueous extracts at the three sampling times (> 98%), compared to the control samples. The leachability of Cr in treated soil samples also decreased and was stable throughout the experiment. Results suggested that nZVI and nZVI-Pd immobilized Cr through adsorption of Cr(VI) on the shell and reduction to Cr(III). The mechanism of interaction of nFe3O4 and Cr(VI) included adsorption and reduction although its reducing character was lower than those of ZVI nanoparticles. PCBs significantly decreased in soil samples (up to 68%), after 15 days of treatment with the three types of nanoparticles. However, nFe3O4 evidenced reversible adsorption of PCBs after 45 days. In general, nZVI-Pd reduced PCB concentration in soil faster than nZVI. Control soils showed a similar reduction in PCBs concentration as those obtained with nZVI and nZVI-Pd after a longer time (45 days). This is likely due to natural bioremediation, although it was not effective for Cr remediation. Results suggest that the addition of nZVI or nZVI-Pd and pseudo-anaerobic conditions could be used for the recovery of soil co-contaminated with Cr and PCBs.
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Wasonga MO, Maingi J, Omwoyo O. Effects of Contamination of Freshwater Habitat With Common Heavy Metals and Anions on the Prevalence of Human Adenoviruses and Enteroviruses. Front Public Health 2021; 8:603217. [PMID: 33553093 PMCID: PMC7855706 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.603217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and survival of enteric viruses in open surface waters can be impacted by a host of factors including fecal emission levels, seasonal variations, virus stability and the physicochemical parameters. In this research, we aimed to document the association between contaminations of water samples with human enteric viruses (adenoviruses and enteroviruses) from a freshwater lake with variations in chemical contaminants. We collected 216 water samples from October 2010 to April 2012, from a 4 km stretch along Lake Victoria (LV) basin in Homa Bay town located in the western region of Kenya. The samples were analyzed for the existence of human adenoviruses (HAdV) and human enteroviruses (HEV), using the nested PCR (nPCR). We also assessed in the water samples the levels of twelve chemical contaminants consisting of six heavy metal elements and six anions. About 8.3 % of the samples were found to be contaminated with the enteric viruses. The concentrations of the 12 chemical contaminants were found to be largely within the WHO suggested limits. Most of the chemical contaminants were not related to the detection rates of the viruses from the statistical analysis. However, some positive and negative associations between the viral genome's detection and the chemical concentrations were established for only three metals (Fe, Pb, Cd) and the PO43− Radical. Cd had a weak positive significant relationship with HAdV (rho = 0.146, p = 0.032) while Pb and Fe had a weak positive significant relationship with HEV genome detection (rho = 0.156, p = 0.022) and (rho = 0.148 and p = 0.029) respectively. There was a modest negative relationship between phosphate ions and HEV (rho = −0.174, p = 0.010). The results of our study do not provide support for the hypothesis of an association between the presence of human enteric viruses and the levels of twelve chemical contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Opere Wasonga
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Maingi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ombori Omwoyo
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Esposito-Polesi NP. Contaminação versus manifestação endofítica: implicações no cultivo in vitro de plantas. RODRIGUÉSIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202071072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo A cultura de tecidos vegetais é imprescindível à propagação e multiplicação uniforme de plantas, à conservação de germoplasma, a programas de melhoramento e à transformação genética. Essa técnica tem exigido, cada vez mais, estudos que colaborem com o entendimento dos mecanismos envolvidos no crescimento dos microrganismos nos meios de cultivo, bem como as relações que eles estabelecem com a planta hospedeira. Dessa maneira, a presente revisão pretende esclarecer esses questionamentos e promover a distinção entre contaminação e manifestação endofítica que ocorrem no cultivo in vitro por diferentes causas. Tal distinção permite diminuir o pânico que se instala quando do seu aparecimento, além de auxiliar na adoção de medidas de prevenção e/ou controle desses eventos sem que haja descartes desnecessários de material de alto valor comercial e genético.
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8
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Khoshkholgh Sima NA, Ebadi A, Reiahisamani N, Rasekh B. Bio-based remediation of petroleum-contaminated saline soils: Challenges, the current state-of-the-art and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109476. [PMID: 31476519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting synergism between plants and microbes offers a potential means of remediating soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs). Salinity alters the physicochemical characteristics of soils and suppresses the growth of both plants and soil microbes, so the bioremediation of saline soils requires the use of plants and in microbes which can tolerate salinity. This review focuses on the management of PHC-contaminated saline soils, surveying what is currently known with respect to the potential of halophytes (plants adapted to saline environments) acting in concert with synergistic microbes to degrade PHCs. The priority is to identify optimal combinations of halophyte(s) and the bacteria present as endophytes and/or associated with the rhizosphere, and to determine what are the factors which most strongly affect their viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayer Azam Khoshkholgh Sima
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Ali Ebadi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Narges Reiahisamani
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Behnam Rasekh
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Group, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran.
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Guarino C, Zuzolo D, Marziano M, Conte B, Baiamonte G, Morra L, Benotti D, Gresia D, Stacul ER, Cicchella D, Sciarrillo R. Investigation and Assessment for an effective approach to the reclamation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) contaminated site: SIN Bagnoli, Italy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11522. [PMID: 31395938 PMCID: PMC6687822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Native plant species were screened for their remediation potential for the removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil of Bagnoli brownfield site (Southern Italy). Soils at this site contain all of the PAHs congeners at concentration levels well above the contamination threshold limits established by Italian environmental legislation for residential/recreational land use, which represent the remediation target. The concentration of 13 High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in soil rhizosphere, plants roots and plants leaves was assessed in order to evaluate native plants suitability for a gentle remediation of the study area. Analysis of soil microorganisms are provides important knowledge about bioremediation approach. Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria are the main phyla of bacteria observed in polluted soil. Functional metagenomics showed changes in dioxygenases, laccase, protocatechuate, and benzoate-degrading enzyme genes. Indolacetic acid production, siderophores release, exopolysaccharides production and ammonia production are the key for the selection of the rhizosphere bacterial population. Our data demonstrated that the natural plant-bacteria partnership is the best strategy for the remediation of a PAHs-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Guarino
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Daniela Zuzolo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Mario Marziano
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Barbara Conte
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Baiamonte
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Domenico Cicchella
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy.
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Jaskulak M, Rorat A, Grobelak A, Chaabene Z, Kacprzak M, Vandenbulcke F. Bioaccumulation, antioxidative response, and metallothionein expression in Lupinus luteus L. exposed to heavy metals and silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16040-16052. [PMID: 30968299 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Yellow-lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) was grown on soils contaminated with heavy metals during two parallel studies. In the first one, the soil was contaminated by industrial activities whereas, in the second one, the soil was artificially contaminated with a single metal including Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni (in nitrate form), and Ag (in nitrate and nanoparticles form). The study was performed to assess a plant's response to contamination including its antioxidative response and molecular mechanisms involved in metal detoxification through the expression level of metallothioneins (MTs). Overall, the study provided insights into identification and validation of housekeeping genes (HKG) in L. luteus under exposure to metal stress and showed the effects of selected heavy metals and silver nanoparticles on the expression of metallothioneins, the activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and bioaccumulation of metals in leaves of L. luteus. As such, HKG validation using BestKeeper, NormFinder, and geNorm software allowed for the selection of four most stable reference genes in a context metal contamination for the selected plant. Moreover, a significant increase in the expression levels of MT was observed in plants grown under heavy metal stress and none on plants grown on 25 mg kg-1 of silver nanoparticles. Also, the GPX activity and MT expression showed statistically significant changes between different conditions and doses which means that they can be used as highly sensitive stress markers for planning the phytoremediation process on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jaskulak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland.
- Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Environment (LGCgE), Environmental Axis, University of Lille, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Agnieszka Rorat
- Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Environment (LGCgE), Environmental Axis, University of Lille, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Anna Grobelak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Zayneb Chaabene
- Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Environment (LGCgE), Environmental Axis, University of Lille, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Małgorzata Kacprzak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Environment (LGCgE), Environmental Axis, University of Lille, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Islam MN, Jo YT, Jeong YJ, Park JH. Remediation approach for organic compounds and arsenic co-contaminated soil using the pressurized hot water extraction process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:125-131. [PMID: 28914181 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1380713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Successful remediation of soil with co-existing organics contaminants and arsenic (As) is a challenge as the chemical and remediation technologies are different for each group of pollutants. In this study, the treatment effectiveness of the pressurized hot water (PHW) extraction process was investigated for remediation of soil co-contaminated with phenol, crude oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and As. An elimination percentage of about 99% was achieved for phenol, and in the range of 63-100% was observed for the PAHs at 260°C for 90 min operation. The performance of PHW extraction in the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons was found to be 86%. Of the 87 mg/kg of As in untreated soil, 67% of which was eliminated after treatment. The removal of organic contaminants was mainly via desorption, dissolution and degradation in subcritical water, while As was eliminated probably by oxidation and dissolution of arsenic-bearing minerals. According to the experimental results, the PHW extraction process can be suggested as an alternative cleaning technology, instead of using any organic solvents for remediation of such co-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nazrul Islam
- a Department of Environment and Energy Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Jo
- a Department of Environment and Energy Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jae Jeong
- a Department of Environment and Energy Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Park
- a Department of Environment and Energy Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
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12
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Wawra A, Friesl-Hanl W, Jäger A, Puschenreiter M, Soja G, Reichenauer T, Watzinger A. Investigations of microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on 13C-labeled phenanthrene in a soil co-contaminated with trace elements using a plant assisted approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6364-6377. [PMID: 29249024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Co-contaminations of soils with organic and inorganic pollutants are a frequent environmental problem. Due to their toxicity and recalcitrance, the heterogeneous pollutants may persist in soil. The hypothesis of this study was that degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is enhanced if heavy metals in soil are immobilized and their bioavailability reduced. For metal immobilization and enhanced biodegradation, distinct mineral and organic soil amendments (iron oxides, gravel sludge, biochar) were deployed in an incubation batch experiment. The second part of the experiment consisted of a greenhouse pot experiment applying fast-growing and pollution-tolerant woody plants (willow and black locust). Soil amendments initially immobilized NH4NO3-extractable zinc, cadmium, and lead; after 100 days of incubation, soil amendments showed reductions only for cadmium and a tendency to enhance arsenic mobility. In order to monitor the remediation success, a 13C-phenanthrene (PHE) label was applied. 13C-phospholipid fatty acid analysis (13C-PLFA) further enabled the identification of PHE-degrading soil microorganisms. Both experiments exhibited a similar PLFA profile. Gram-negative bacteria (esp. cy17:0, 16:1ω7 + 6, 18:1ω7c) were the most significant microbial group taking up 13C-PHE. Plants effectively increased the label uptake by gram-positive bacteria and increased the biomass of the fungal biomarker, although their contribution to the degradation process was minor. Plants tended to prolong PAH dissipation in soil; at the end of the experiment, however, all treatments showed equally low total PAH concentrations in soil. While black locust plants tended not to take up potentially toxic trace elements, willows accumulated them in their leaves. The results of this study show that the chosen treatments did not enhance the remediation of the experimental soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawra
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Anna Jäger
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Soja
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Reichenauer
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Andrea Watzinger
- Environmental Resources & Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
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Balseiro-Romero M, Gkorezis P, Kidd PS, Van Hamme J, Weyens N, Monterroso C, Vangronsveld J. Use of plant growth promoting bacterial strains to improve Cytisus striatus and Lupinus luteus development for potential application in phytoremediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:676-688. [PMID: 28069305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth promoting (PGP) bacterial strains possess different mechanisms to improve plant development under common environmental stresses, and are therefore often used as inoculants in soil phytoremediation processes. The aims of the present work were to study the effects of a collection of plant growth promoting bacterial strains on plant development, antioxidant enzyme activities and nutritional status of Cytisus striatus and/or Lupinus luteus plants a) growing in perlite under non-stress conditions and b) growing in diesel-contaminated soil. For this, two greenhouse experiments were designed. Firstly, C. striatus and L. luteus plants were grown from seeds in perlite, and periodically inoculated with 6 PGP strains, either individually or in pairs. Secondly, L. luteus seedlings were grown in soil samples of the A and B horizons of a Cambisol contaminated with 1.25% (w/w) of diesel and inoculated with best PGP inoculant selected from the first experiment. The results indicated that the PGP strains tested in perlite significantly improved plant growth. Combination treatments provoked better growth of L. luteus than the respective individual strains, while individual inoculation treatments were more effective for C. striatus. L. luteus growth in diesel-contaminated soil was significantly improved in the presence of PGP strains, presenting a 2-fold or higher increase in plant biomass. Inoculants did not provoke significant changes in plant nutritional status, with the exception of a subset of siderophore-producing and P-solubilising bacterial strains that resulted in significantly modification of Fe or P concentrations in leaf tissues. Inoculants did not cause significant changes in enzyme activities in perlite experiments, however they significantly reduced oxidative stress in contaminated soils suggesting an improvement in plant tolerance to diesel. Some strains were applied to non-host plants, indicating a non-specific performance of their plant growth promotion. The use of PGP strains in phytoremediation may help plants to overcome contaminant and other soil stresses, increasing phytoremediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Balseiro-Romero
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Panagiotis Gkorezis
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Agoralaan Building B, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Petra S Kidd
- Instituto de Investigacións Agrobiolóxicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jonathan Van Hamme
- Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, Canada
| | - Nele Weyens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Agoralaan Building B, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Carmen Monterroso
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Agoralaan Building B, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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14
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Vergani L, Mapelli F, Zanardini E, Terzaghi E, Di Guardo A, Morosini C, Raspa G, Borin S. Phyto-rhizoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated soils: An outlook on plant-microbe beneficial interactions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1395-1406. [PMID: 27717569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic chemicals, recalcitrant to degradation, bioaccumulative and persistent in the environment, causing adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. For this reason, the remediation of PCB-contaminated soils is a primary issue to be addressed. Phytoremediation represents a promising tool for in situ soil remediation, since the available physico-chemical technologies have strong environmental and economic impacts. Plants can extract and metabolize several xenobiotics present in the soil, but their ability to uptake and mineralize PCBs is limited due to the recalcitrance and low bioavailability of these molecules that in turn impedes an efficient remediation of PCB-contaminated soils. Besides plant degradation ability, rhizoremediation takes into account the capability of soil microbes to uptake, attack and degrade pollutants, so it can be seen as the most suitable strategy to clean-up PCB-contaminated soils. Microbes are in fact the key players of PCB degradation, performed under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In the rhizosphere, microbes and plants positively interact. Microorganisms can promote plant growth under stressed conditions typical of polluted soils. Moreover, in this specific niche, root exudates play a pivotal role by promoting the biphenyl catabolic pathway, responsible for microbial oxidative PCB metabolism, and by improving the overall PCB degradation performance. Besides rhizospheric microbial community, also the endophytic bacteria are involved in pollutant degradation and represent a reservoir of microbial resources to be exploited for bioremediation purposes. Here, focusing on plant-microbe beneficial interactions, we propose a review of the available results on PCB removal from soil obtained combining different plant and microbial species, mainly under simplified conditions like greenhouse experiments. Furthermore, we discuss the potentiality of "omics" approaches to identify PCB-degrading microbes, an aspect of paramount importance to design rhizoremediation strategies working efficiently under different environmental conditions, pointing out the urgency to expand research investigations to field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Vergani
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Mapelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zanardini
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, Como, Italy
| | - Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, Como, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, Como, Italy
| | - Cristiana Morosini
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via G.B. Vico 46, Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Raspa
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment (DICMA), Rome "La Sapienza" University, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Borin
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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15
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Fashola MO, Ngole-Jeme VM, Babalola OO. Heavy Metal Pollution from Gold Mines: Environmental Effects and Bacterial Strategies for Resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111047. [PMID: 27792205 PMCID: PMC5129257 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mining activities can lead to the generation of large quantities of heavy metal laden wastes which are released in an uncontrolled manner, causing widespread contamination of the ecosystem. Though some heavy metals classified as essential are important for normal life physiological processes, higher concentrations above stipulated levels have deleterious effects on human health and biota. Bacteria able to withstand high concentrations of these heavy metals are found in the environment as a result of various inherent biochemical, physiological, and/or genetic mechanisms. These mechanisms can serve as potential tools for bioremediation of heavy metal polluted sites. This review focuses on the effects of heavy metal wastes generated from gold mining activities on the environment and the various mechanisms used by bacteria to counteract the effect of these heavy metals in their immediate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muibat Omotola Fashola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Veronica Mpode Ngole-Jeme
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, UNISA, Florida, Private Bag X6 Florida, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa.
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
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16
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Balseiro-Romero M, Gkorezis P, Kidd PS, Vangronsveld J, Monterroso C. Enhanced Degradation of Diesel in the Rhizosphere of after Inoculation with Diesel-Degrading and Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Strains. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:924-932. [PMID: 27136159 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.09.0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The association of plants and rhizospheric bacteria provides a successful strategy to clean up contaminated soils. The purpose of this work was to enhance diesel degradation in rhizosphere by inoculation with selected bacterial strains: a diesel degrader (D), plant growth-promoting (PGP) strains, or a combination (D+PGP). Plants were set up in pots with the A or B horizon of an umbric Cambisol (A and B) spiked with diesel (1.25%, w/w). After 1 mo, the dissipation of diesel range organics (DRO) with respect to = 0 (i.e., 1 wk after preparing the pots with the seedlings) concentration was significantly higher in inoculated than in noninoculated (NI) pots: The highest DRO losses were found in A D+PGP pots (close to 15-20% higher than NI) and in B D pots (close to 10% higher). The water-extractable DRO fraction was significantly higher at = 30 d (15-25%) compared with = 0 (<5%), probably due to the effects of plant root exudates and biosurfactants produced by the degrader strain. The results of this experiment reflect the importance of the partnerships between plants and bacterial inoculants and demonstrate the relevance of the effect of bacterial biosurfactants and plant root exudates on contaminant bioavailability, a key factor for enhancing diesel rhizodegradation. The association of lupine with D and PGP strains resulted in a promising combination for application in the rhizoremediation of soils with moderate diesel contamination.
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17
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Wang Q, Liu X, Zhang X, Hou Y, Hu X, Liang X, Chen X. Influence of tea saponin on enhancing accessibility of pyrene and cadmium phytoremediated with Lolium multiflorum in co-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:5705-5711. [PMID: 26581690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tea saponin (TS), a kind of biodegradable surfactant, was chosen to improve the accessible solubilization of pyrene and cadmium (Cd) in co-contaminated soils cultivated Lolium multiflorum. TS obviously improved the accessibility of pyrene and Cd for L. multiflorum to accelerate the process of accumulation and elimination of the pollutants. The chemical forms of Cd was transformed from Fe-Mn oxides and associated to carbonates fractions into exchangeable fractions by adding TS in single Cd and pyrene-Cd contaminated soils. Moreover, the chemical forms of pyrene were transformed from associated fraction into bioaccessible fraction by adding TS in pyrene and pyrene-Cd contaminated soils. In pyrene-Cd contaminated soil, the exchangeable fraction of Cd was hindered in the existence of pyrene, and bioaccessible fraction of pyrene was promoted by the cadmium. Besides, in the process of the pyrene degradation and Cd accumulation, the effect could be improved by the elongation of roots with adding TS, and the microorganism activity was stimulated by TS to accelerate the removal of pollutions. Therefore, Planting L. multiflorum combined with adding TS would be an effective method on the phytoremediation of organics and heavy metals co-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yunyun Hou
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaoxin Hu
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xia Liang
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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18
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Khan AL, Waqas M, Hussain J, Al-Harrasi A, Hamayun M, Lee IJ. Phytohormones enabled endophytic fungal symbiosis improve aluminum phytoextraction in tolerant Solanum lycopersicum: An examples of Penicillium janthinellum LK5 and comparison with exogenous GA3. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 295:70-78. [PMID: 25885165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the potentials of fungal-endophyte Penicillium janthinellum LK5 (PjLK5) and its inherent gibberellic acid (GA3) as reference to enhance aluminum (Al) induced toxicity in tolerant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Initial screening showed significantly higher uptake of Al by PjLK5. Aluminum stress (100 μM) significantly retarted plant growth in control plants. Conversely PjLK5 and GA3 application significantly increased morphological attributes of Al-tolerant tomato plants with or without Al-stress. PjLK5 inoculation with and without Al-stress maintained the plant growth whilst extracting and translocating higher Al in shoot (∼ 1 92 mg/kg) and root (∼ 296 mg/kg). This was almost similar in GA3 treatments as well. In addition, PjLK5 inoculation extended protective effects to tomato plants by maintaining reduced cellular superoxide anions in Al stress. Al-induced oxidative stress was further reduced due to significantly higher activity of metal-responsive reduced glutathione. The functional membrane was less damaged in PjLK5 and GA3 treatments because the plants synthesized reduced levels of malondialdhyde, lenolenic and linoleic acids. Defense-related endogenous phytohormone salicylic acid was significantly up-regulated to counteract the adverse effects of Al-stress. In conclusion, the PjLK5 possess a similar bio-prospective potential as of GA3. Application of such biochemically active endophyte could increase metal phytoextraction whilst maintaining crop physiological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa-616, Oman; Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea(d) Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan Pakistan
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa-616, Oman; Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Oman.
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea(d) Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan Pakistan.
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19
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Eevers N, Gielen M, Sánchez-López A, Jaspers S, White JC, Vangronsveld J, Weyens N. Optimization of isolation and cultivation of bacterial endophytes through addition of plant extract to nutrient media. Microb Biotechnol 2015; 8:707-15. [PMID: 25997013 PMCID: PMC4476825 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many endophytes have beneficial effects on plants and can be exploited in biotechnological applications. Studies hypothesize that only 0.001-1% of all plant-associated bacteria are cultivable. Moreover, even after successful isolations, many endophytic bacteria often show reduced regrowth capacity. This research aimed to optimize isolation processes and culturing these bacteria afterwards. We compared several minimal and complex media in a screening. Beside the media themselves, two gelling agents and adding plant extract to media were investigated to enhance the number and diversity of endophytes as well as the growth capacity when regrown after isolation. In this work, 869 medium delivered the highest numbers of cultivable bacteria, as well as the highest diversity. When comparing gelling agents, no differences were observed in the numbers of bacteria. Adding plant extract to the media lead to a slight increase in diversity. However, when adding plant extract to improve the regrowth capacity, sharp increases of viable bacteria occurred in both rich and minimal media.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Eevers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - M Gielen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - A Sánchez-López
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium.,Edafología, Soil and Environmental Chemistry Lab, Colegio de Postgraduados, km 36.5 Carretera Mexico-Texcoco, Estado de Mexico, 56230, Mexico
| | - S Jaspers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - J C White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - J Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - N Weyens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
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