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Zellner ML, Massey D. Modeling benefits and tradeoffs of green infrastructure: Evaluating and extending parsimonious models for neighborhood stormwater planning. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27007. [PMID: 38495133 PMCID: PMC10943341 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Green infrastructure is often proposed to complement conventional urban stormwater management systems that are stressed by extreme storms and expanding impervious surfaces. Established hydrological and hydraulic models inform stormwater engineering but are time- and data-intensive or aspatial, rendering them inadequate for rapid exploration of solutions. Simple spreadsheet models support quick site plan assessments but cannot adequately represent spatial interactions beyond a site. The present study builds on the Landscape Green Infrastructure Design (L-GrID) Model, a process-based spatial model that enables rapid development and exploration of green infrastructure scenarios to mitigate neighborhood flooding. We first explored how well L-GrID could replicate flooding reports in a neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois, USA, to evaluate its potential for green infrastructure planning. Although not meant for prediction, L-GrID was able to replicate the flooding reported and helped identify strategies for flood control. Once evaluated for this neighborhood, we extended the model to include water quality through the representation of dispersion and settling mechanisms for two pollutant surrogates-total nitrogen and total suspended solids. With the extended model, Landscape Green Infrastructure Design Model-Water Quality (L-GrID-WQ), we examined benefits, costs, and tradeoffs for different green infrastructure strategies. Bioswales were slightly more effective than other green infrastructure types in reducing flooding extent and downstream runoff and pollution, through increased infiltration and settling capacity. Permeable pavers followed in effectiveness and are suggested where spatial constraints may limit the installation of bioswales. Although green infrastructure supports both flooding and pollution control, small tradeoffs between these functions emerged across spatial layouts: strategies based on only curb-cuts better controlled pollution, while layouts that followed the path of water flow better controlled flooding. By illuminating such tradeoffs, L-GrID-WQ can support green infrastructure planning that prioritizes unique concerns in different areas of a landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira L. Zellner
- School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Northeastern University. 310 Renaissance Park, 1135 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dean Massey
- School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Northeastern University. 310 Renaissance Park, 1135 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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2
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Wang M, Liu M, Zhang D, Qi J, Fu W, Zhang Y, Rao Q, Bakhshipour AE, Tan SK. Assessing and optimizing the hydrological performance of Grey-Green infrastructure systems in response to climate change and non-stationary time series. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119720. [PMID: 36774753 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has led to the increased intensity and frequency of extreme meteorological events, threatening the drainage capacity in urban catchments and densely built-up cities. To alleviate urban flooding disasters, strategies coupled with green and grey infrastructure have been proposed to support urban stormwater management. However, most strategies rely largely on diachronic rainfall data and ignore long-term climate change impacts. This study described a novel framework to assess and to identify the optimal solution in response to uncertainties following climate change. The assessment framework consists of three components: (1) assess and process climate data to generate long-term time series of meteorological parameters under different climate conditions; (2) optimise the design of Grey-Green infrastructure systems to establish the optimal design solutions; and (3) perform a multi-criteria assessment of economic and hydrological performance to support decision-making. A case study in Guangzhou, China was carried out to demonstrate the usability and application processes of the framework. The results of the case study illustrated that the optimised Grey-Green infrastructure could save life cycle costs and reduce total outflow (56-66%), peak flow (22-85%), and TSS (more than 60%) compared to the fully centralised grey infrastructure system, indicating its high superior in economic competitiveness and hydrological performance under climate uncertainties. In terms of spatial configuration, the contribution of green infrastructure appeared not as critical as the adoption of decentralisation of the drainage networks. Furthermore, under extreme drought scenarios, the decentralised infrastructure system exhibited an exceptionally high degree of removal performance for non-point source pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Architectural Design and Research Institute of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510499, China
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Jinda Qi
- Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
| | - Weicong Fu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiuyi Rao
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Architectural Design and Research Institute of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510499, China
| | - Amin E Bakhshipour
- Civil Engineering, Institute of Urban Water Management, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Soon Keat Tan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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3
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Wang X, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Ren M, Sagris T. Design Rainfall Change of Rainwater Source Control Facility to Meet Future Scenarios in Beijing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4355. [PMID: 36901378 PMCID: PMC10001905 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rainwater source control facilities are essential to sponge city construction in China. Their size is determined based on historical rainfall data. However, with global warming and rapid urban development, rainfall characteristics have also changed, potentially leading to the failure of rainwater source- control facilities to manage surface water in the future. In this study, the design rainfall's change and spatial distribution are analyzed using historical (1961-2014) observation rainfall data and future (2020-2100) projection data of three CMIP6 climate models. The results show that EC-Earth3 and GFDL-ESM4 project that future design rainfall will increase. EC-Earth3 projects a significant increase, while MPI-ESM1-2 projects that the design rainfall will decrease significantly. From the perspective of space, the design rainfall isoline in Beijing has always increased from northwest to southeast. In the historical period, the difference in design rainfall in different regions has reached 19 mm, and this regional heterogeneity shows an increasing trend in the future projection of EC-Earth3 and GFDL-ESM4. The difference in design rainfall in different regions is 26.2 mm and 21.7 mm, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to consider future rainfall changes in the design of rainwater source control facilities. The relationship curve between the volume capture ratio (VCR) of annual rainfall and design rainfall based on the rainfall data of the project site or region should be analyzed to determine the design rainfall of the rainwater source control facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerao Wang
- Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Arup International Consultants (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Meifang Ren
- China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Thomas Sagris
- Arup International Consultants (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai 200031, China
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4
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Chuang WK, Lin ZE, Lin TC, Lo SL, Chang CL, Chiueh PT. Spatial allocation of LID practices with a water footprint approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160201. [PMID: 36395841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urban water problems due to stormwater have been aggravated by the higher frequency of high-intensity precipitation events and the increase of paved surfaces. However, with appropriate stormwater management practices, such as low-impact development (LID), stormwater can provide an additional urban water resources rather than cause damage. This study aims to apply a water footprint to location determination of LID practices in the urban area. The LID planning procedure was demonstrated with the highest population density region in Taipei, Taiwan. In order to improve the spatial resolution of LID allocation, the "first-level dissemination area" with 450 residents was used as a spatial unit. The performance of LID practices was then evaluated with the simulation using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Three LID practices, rainwater harvesting systems, permeable pavements, and bioretention systems, were selected. After the water footprint accounting, ten sites were suggested for LID implementation. The runoff reduction rate reached up to 65 % by rainwater harvesting systems or at least 3 % by permeable pavements. This study provides a simpler and more effective approach to ways of integrating an urban water footprint into LID planning and stormwater management in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Daan District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
| | - Zih-Ee Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Daan District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Chi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Daan District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Lien Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Daan District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Lin Chang
- Department of Water Resources Engineering and Conservation, Feng Chia University, No.100, Wenhwa Rd., Seatwen District, Taichung City 407, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Te Chiueh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Daan District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
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5
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Zhang Y, Wang M, Zhang D, Lu Z, Bakhshipour AE, Liu M, Jiang Z, Li J, Tan SK. Multi-stage planning of LID-GREI urban drainage systems in response to land-use changes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160214. [PMID: 36395837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Long-term planning of urban drainage systems aimed at maintaining the sustainability of urban hydrology remains challenging. In this study, an innovative multi-stage planning framework involving two adaptation pathways for optimizing hybrid low impact development and grey infrastructure (LID-GREI) layouts in opposing chronological orders was explored. The Forward Planning and Backward Planning are adaptation pathways to increase LID in chronological order based on the initial development stage of an urban built-up area and reduce LID in reverse chronological order based on the final development stage, respectively. Two resilience indicators, which considered potential risk scenarios of extreme storms and pipeline failures, were used to evaluate the performance of optimized layouts when land-use changed and evolved over time. Compared these two pathways, Forward Planning made the optimized layouts more economical and resilient in most risk scenarios when land-use changed, while the layouts optimized by Backward Planning showed higher resilience only in the initial stage. Furthermore, a decentralized scheme in Forward Planning was chosen as the optimal solution when taking costs, reliability, resilience, and land-use changes into an overall consideration. Nevertheless, this kind of reverse optimization order offers a novel exploration in planning pathways for discovering the alternative optimization schemes. More comprehensive solutions can be provided to decision-makers. The findings will shed a light on the exploration of optimized layouts in terms of spatial configuration and resilience performance in response to land-use changes. This framework can be used to support long-term investment and planning in urban drainage systems for sustainable stormwater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mo Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Architectural design and Research Institute of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510091, China.
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China.
| | - Zhongming Lu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Amin E Bakhshipour
- Civil Engineering, Institute of Urban Water Management, Technische Universität, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany.
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyu Jiang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Architectural design and Research Institute of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510091, China.
| | - Soon Keat Tan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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6
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Bakhshipour AE, Liu M, Rao Q, Lu Z. Designing coupled LID-GREI urban drainage systems: Resilience assessment and decision-making framework. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155267. [PMID: 35447181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As flooding risks rise in urban areas, research suggests combining low impact development (LID) and grey infrastructure (GREI) in urban drainage systems. Several frameworks have been proposed to plan such coupled systems, but there is not a comprehensive framework to assess their resilience under diverse failure scenarios and sources of uncertainty. This study proposes a framework which considers both technological and operational resilience. Technological resilience has to do with the performance of the system under extreme loads. Operational resilience has to do with the performance and long-term efficiency of the system after structural damage or degradation, using appropriate probability distributions to quantify the likelihood of failures. The proposed framework is based on an optimization and multi-criteria decision-making platform. It improves on previous research, which lacked consideration of uncertainty in resilience over the life span. We also apply the proposed framework to a real-world test case, and find that in a high-density urban area, a coupled system is more cost-effective than GREI alone. Furthermore, decentralized systems with greater flexibility show significantly better technological and operational resilience. The proposed framework can better support decision-making for planning robust and cost-effective urban drainage systems, particularly in highly urbanized areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Amin E Bakhshipour
- Civil Engineering, Institute of Urban Water Management, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany.
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qiuyi Rao
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhongming Lu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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7
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Evaluation and Improvement Measures of the Runoff Coefficient of Urban Parks for Sustainable Water Balance. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the impermeable sidewalk area increases in urban areas, diverse problems related to water occur. The purposes of this research were to increase the rainwater infiltration rate through water balance analysis and estimate the runoff coefficient according to land cover types in urban parks. The regression equations and runoff coefficients relative to the rainwater infiltration rate were estimated according to the land cover types and applied to eight urban parks. In the results of the experiment, the runoff coefficient was 0.245 for vegetation areas, 0.583 for permeable sidewalks, 0.963 for sidewalk blocks, and 1.000 for impervious sidewalks, which had 100% outflow. The results show that the vegetation area in urban parks is significantly related to rainfall–runoff, infiltration, and evapotranspiration. The average of eight urban parks was 126.52 mm, indicating that 11.80% of the rainfall was recharged into groundwater. Additionally, the average runoff rate was 498.56 mm, indicating that 46.52% was leaked externally. Therefore, it is suggested to decrease the impermeable sidewalk areas in urban parks. Additionally, extending the waterway, swamp, and gravel sidewalk areas is suggested. Urban parks should be developed in order to contribute to hydrological control through the water balance in urban land use.
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8
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Yang F, Fu D, Zevenbergen C, Rene ER. A comprehensive review on the long-term performance of stormwater biofiltration systems (SBS): Operational challenges and future directions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:113956. [PMID: 34700085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater biofiltration systems (SBS) are a popular technology for mitigating the negative effects of urbanization on the hydrological processes and water quality in urban areas. However, little is known about SBS's long-term performance in actual field conditions. The findings of a review of the scientific literature on the long-term performance of SBS are presented in this paper. The findings show that only a few studies have investigated the performance of SBS and its change over time, and that the results of laboratory and field experiments differed due to the presence of plants, regular maintenance, and some uncertain environmental factors. Based on the existing knowledge gaps in this field, the main challenges observed was the lack of long-term field data series, and the existing mathematical models are not able to accurately forecast the long-term performance of SBS. This could be owing to the difficulties in monitoring activities, the high costs involved and the unpredictability around the operational timeframe. Future study should concentrate on the implementation of simulation and modeling-based research in pilot and full-scale SBS, and the inclusion of new performance indicators should be considered as a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feikai Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Centre for Future Cities, Nanjing, 210096, China; IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P. O. Box 3015, 2611DA, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Gebouw 23, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Dafang Fu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Centre for Future Cities, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Chris Zevenbergen
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P. O. Box 3015, 2611DA, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Gebouw 23, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Eldon R Rene
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Li S, Liu Y, Her Y, Chen J, Guo T, Shao G. Improvement of simulating sub-daily hydrological impacts of rainwater harvesting for landscape irrigation with rain barrels/cisterns in the SWAT model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149336. [PMID: 34375258 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rain barrels/cisterns, a popular type of low impact development (LID) practice, can restore urban hydrological processes and decrease municipal water use by harvesting roof runoff for later use, such as landscape irrigation. However, tools to assist decision makers in creating efficient rainwater harvesting and reuse strategies are limited. This study improved the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in simulating the subdaily hydrological impacts of rainwater harvesting for landscape irrigation with rain barrels/cisterns, including the simulation of rainwater harvesting with rain barrels/cisterns, rainwater reuse for auto landscape irrigation, evapotranspiration, initial abstraction, impervious area, soil profile, and lawn management operation. The improved SWAT was applied in the urbanized Brentwood watershed (Austin, TX) to evaluate its applicability and investigate the impacts of rainwater harvesting and reuse strategies on the reductions and reduction efficiencies (reductions per volume of rain barrels/cisterns implemented) of field scale runoff (peak and depth) and watershed scale streamflow (peak and volume) for two storm events. Scenarios explored included different sizes of rain barrels/cisterns, percentages of rooftop areas with rain barrels/cisterns implemented, auto landscape irrigation rates, and landscape irrigation starting times. The performance of rainwater harvesting and reuse strategies, which is determined by features of fields, watersheds, and storm events, varied for different reduction goals (streamflow or runoff, and peak or depth/volume). For instance, the scenario with rain barrel/cistern sizes of 7.5 mm (design runoff depth from treated roof area) and the scenario with 10% of suitable area implemented with rain barrels/cisterns provided the highest peak streamflow reduction efficiency and total streamflow volume reduction efficiency at the watershed scale, respectively for the smaller storm event. To achieve sustainable urban stormwater management, the improved SWAT model has enhanced capability to help stakeholders create efficient rainwater harvesting and reuse strategies to reduce field scale runoff and watershed scale streamflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Yaoze Liu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Younggu Her
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering & Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Jingqiu Chen
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tian Guo
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gang Shao
- Libraries and School of Information Studies, Purdue University, 504 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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10
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Wang Z, Qi F, Liu L, Chen M, Sun D, Nan J. How do urban rainfall-runoff pollution control technologies develop in China? A systematic review based on bibliometric analysis and literature summary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:148045. [PMID: 34062464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization in China is driving the need of urban rainfall-runoff pollution control technologies due to adverse impacts on water environment. In this study, literature from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science and Scopus in 1995/1/1-2019/5/15 are used to review research hotspots, development process and future directions of urban rainfall-runoff pollution control technologies in China and global world. Temporal evolution of publications showed that source reduction played better growing trend in urban rainfall-runoff pollution control field for both China and global world. Furthermore, with bibliometric tool, density visualization maps and co-occurrence network maps were created to identify research hotspots in China and global world. By comprehensively analyzing research hotspots above and development process from extracted literature, future directions of urban rainfall-runoff pollution control technologies were predicted. For model and strategy, both China and global world would concern on the accuracy of models to evaluate combination technologies. For source reduction, China would explore rainwater purification in sponge city, while global world would investigate match characteristics between specific regions and control technologies, combination between model and technologies, and improvement of pollutants removal. For process control, China would enhance ecological gutter inlet performance, whereas global world would concentrate on optimization of rainwater harvesting system. For post treatment, China would estimate modified hydrocylone and coagulation technology, and improve performance of filtration systems, riparian buffers and constructed wetlands, while global world would explore ecological and landscape function of constructed wetlands. Since China ranked first in producing Western publications and was the second most cited country for Western publications recently, China would significantly influence future development of urban rainfall-runoff pollution control technologies around the world. Meanwhile, some directions including infiltration basin and rainwater harvesting system were still shortcomings for China due to a late start of urban rainfall-runoff pollution control technologies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbei Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fei Qi
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Longyan Liu
- North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd, PR China
| | - Miao Chen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jun Nan
- Skate Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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11
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Using Improved TOPSIS and Best Worst Method in prioritizing management scenarios for the watershed management in arid and semi-arid environments. Soft comput 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-021-05933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Assessing the Effectiveness and Cost Efficiency of Green Infrastructure Practices on Surface Runoff Reduction at an Urban Watershed in China. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w13010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the assessment of green infrastructure (GI) practice implementation effect and cost efficiency on an urban watershed scale helps the GI practice selection and investment decisions for sponge city construction in China. However, few studies have been conducted for these topics at present. In this study, the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment—Low Impact Development (L-THIA-LID) 2.1 model was applied to assess the effectiveness and cost efficiency of GI practices on surface runoff volume reduction in an urban watershed—the Hexi watershed, Nanjing City, China. Grassed swales, bioretentions, green roofs, rain cisterns, permeable pavements, wet ponds, dry ponds, and wetlands were chosen as potential GI practices for sponge city construction based on feasibility analysis. Results showed that grassed swales were the most cost-effective practice (0.7 CNY/m3/yr), but the total implementation effect of grassed swales was not obvious due to the small area of suitable locations. Permeable pavements performed best on runoff reduction, but the cost efficiency was much lower. Correspondingly, bioretentions were compromise practices. Green roofs were the least cost-effective practices, with the cost efficiency at 122.3 CNY/m3/yr, but it was much lower for rain cisterns, which were 3.2 CNY/m3/yr. Wet ponds, dry ponds, and wetlands were potential practices implemented in development areas, of which dry ponds were the most cost-effective (2.7 CNY/m3/yr), followed by wet ponds (10.9 CNY/m3/yr). The annual runoff volume of the total area could be reduced by up to 47.01% by implementing GI practices in buildup areas. Rain cisterns (RC) and permeable pavements (PP) were the best combination for this area, and bioretentions (BR) and green roofs (GR) followed. Grassed swales (GS1), dry ponds (DP), wet ponds (WP), and wetlands (WL) were not wise choices due to the small suitable location areas. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of the L-THIA-LID 2.1 model for the evaluation of GI practice implementation effects and cost efficiency on urban runoff in sponge city construction in China.
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13
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Riechel M, Matzinger A, Pallasch M, Joswig K, Pawlowsky-Reusing E, Hinkelmann R, Rouault P. Sustainable urban drainage systems in established city developments: Modelling the potential for CSO reduction and river impact mitigation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 274:111207. [PMID: 32829113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) can significantly reduce runoff from urban areas. However, their potential to mitigate acute river impacts of combined sewer overflows (CSO) is largely unknown. To close this gap, a novel coupled model approach was deployed that simulates the effect of realistic SUDS strategies, developed for an established city quarter, on acute oxygen depressions in the receiving river. Results show that for an average rainfall year the SUDS strategies reduce total runoff by 28%-39% and peak runoff by 31%-48%. Resulting relative reduction in total CSO volume ranges from 45%-58%, exceeding annual runoff reduction from SUDS by a factor of 1.5. Negative impacts in the form of fish-critical dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions in the receiving river (<2 mg DO L-1) can be completely prevented with the SUDS strategies for an average rainfall year. The realistic SUDS strategies were compared with a simpler simulation approach which consists in globally downscaling runoff from all impervious areas. It indicates that such a simple approach does not completely account for the positive effect of SUDS, underestimating CSO volumes for specific rain events by up to 13%. Accordingly, global downscaling is only recommended for preliminary planning purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Riechel
- Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin, Cicerostr. 24, 10709, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Matzinger
- Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin, Cicerostr. 24, 10709, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Pallasch
- Ingenieurgesellschaft Prof. Dr. Sieker mbH, Rennbahnallee 109a, 15366, Hoppegarten, Germany
| | - Kay Joswig
- Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Neue Jüdenstraße 1, 10179, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Hinkelmann
- Chair of Water Resources Management and Modeling of Hydrosystems, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Pascale Rouault
- Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin, Cicerostr. 24, 10709, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Wang H, Yan D, Zeng H, He J. Using corncob-based biochar to intercept BTEX in stormwater filtration systems. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1858-1867. [PMID: 33201849 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A biochar material made from corncobs was tested for its capability in BTEX adsorption/interception in stormwater filtration systems. Batch experiments were conducted to examine the adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and adsorption thermodynamics of BTEX onto this biochar. The feasibility of applying this biochar in stormwater filtration was studied by dynamic transport experiments and model simulations. The result showed that this biochar can adsorb BTEX and the adsorption is a thermodynamically spontaneous, and endothermic process. The BTEX adsorption kinetic experiment and adsorption retarded BTEX transport experiment indicated that the BTEX adsorption kinetics can be changed by the driving force between the BTEX concentrations and the active adsorption site as well as the contact time between BTEX and the biochar. In terms of applying this biochar in stormwater filtration, the Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis indicated that the BTEX interception is sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity of the biochar filter and the adsorption kinetics of the biochar material. Although this corncob-made biochar demonstrated effective pollutant adsorption capability, the biochar adsorption capability should be utilized to retain the pollutant long enough for biodegradation to take effect for ultimate pollutant attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huannan Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China E-mail:
| | - Dandan Yan
- Shenzhen Water Planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Jiajie He
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China E-mail:
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15
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Chang HS, Su Q. Research on constructing sponge city indicator and decision evaluation model with fuzzy multiple criteria method. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1910-1921. [PMID: 32319185 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cities face acute shock like hurricanes and floods, and chronic stresses such as droughts, water shortages, urban floods, and urban using water. How cities can create a development model in which the water and environment can coexist to alleviate the problem with urban water has become a common problem faced by countries or cities. Sponge city construction becomes a possible option to meet these challenges. According to the dimensions of pre-assessment, this article constructs the sponge city assessment indicator which is divided into three aspects: water ecosystem, socioeconomic system, and institutional and mechanism system; then, the degree of importance and degree of satisfaction are applied as the evaluation framework for the fuzzy multiple criteria to perform the comparison between the government officials and the public regarding the evaluation to analyze group differences. The results are that the difference in the evaluation dimensions between the officials and the public is between 0.8 and 1, but there exists difference in the degree of importance of water management and water use, and in the degree of satisfaction with water development, water efficiency, and mechanism. This result is helpful to find the problems and provide a decision basis for the further exploration. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Constructed indicators for sponge city construction, which can be used to evaluate stormwater management. Using fuzzy multiple criteria to compare officials and public can be used as a basis for decision-making in water management. Constructed three indicators of sponge city: water ecosystem, socioeconomic system, and institutional and mechanism system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Sheng Chang
- Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Qingmu Su
- Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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16
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Leng L, Mao X, Jia H, Xu T, Chen AS, Yin D, Fu G. Performance assessment of coupled green-grey-blue systems for Sponge City construction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138608. [PMID: 32570310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Sponge City has gained significant interests as a way of urban water management. The kernel of Sponge City is to develop a coupled green-grey-blue system which consists of green infrastructure at the source, grey infrastructure (i.e. drainage system) at the midway and receiving water bodies as the blue part at the terminal. However, the current approaches for assessing the performance of Sponge City construction are confined to green-grey systems and do not adequately reflect the effectiveness in runoff reduction and the impacts on receiving water bodies. This paper proposes an integrated assessment framework of coupled green-grey-blue systems on compliance of water quantity and quality control targets in Sponge City construction. Rainfall runoff and river system models are coupled to provide quantitative simulation evaluations of a number of indicators of land-based and river quality. A multi-criteria decision-making method, i.e., Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is adopted to rank design alternatives and identify the optimal alternative for Sponge City construction. The effectiveness of this framework is demonstrated in a typical plain river network area of Suzhou, China. The results demonstrate that the performance of Sponge City strategies increases with large scale deployment under smaller rainfall events. In addition, though surface runoff has a dilution effect on the river water quality, the control of surface pollutants can play a significant role in the river water quality improvement. This framework can be applied to Sponge City projects to achieve the enhancement of urban water management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Leng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xuhui Mao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Te Xu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Albert S Chen
- Centre for Water Systems, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, North Park Rd, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, UK.
| | - Dingkun Yin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangtao Fu
- Centre for Water Systems, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, North Park Rd, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, UK.
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17
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Shen W, Zhang L, Li S, Zhuang Y, Liu H, Pan J. A framework for evaluating county-level non-point source pollution: Joint use of monitoring and model assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137956. [PMID: 32208281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is believed that non-point source (NPS) pollution threatens the regional environment. Because of the disconnection between the hydrological scale and the administrative scale of implementing feasible management policies in existing research, watershed-based management measures have limited application in current NPS control. In this study, a framework for county-level monitoring and evaluation is proposed, which contains a cascade monitoring scheme and an adaptable assessment scheme. The cascade monitoring scheme is based on the principle of "pollution source-transport pathways-receiving waters" layout method and the adaptable assessment scheme makes full use of monitoring data in the model. A set of processes was designed to monitor and assess county-level NPS pollution, from the initial step of county basic situation investigations to the final step of NPS pollution assessment. Two schemes are included in the process to improve the feasibility of the results. Here, the importance of the joint use of monitoring and simulation for environmental policy and management is stressed, and focus is on the characteristics of administrative boundaries. A case study involving Nanle County is presented, and a detailed layout scheme and the assessment results are given in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangzheng Shen
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
| | - Sisi Li
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Yanhua Zhuang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Junting Pan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
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18
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Wang Z, Zhou S, Wang M, Zhang D. Cost-benefit analysis of low-impact development at hectare scale for urban stormwater source control in response to anticipated climatic change. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110483. [PMID: 32250908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the cost-effectiveness of low-impact development (LID) practices at the hectare scale in response to impacts of possible climate change was conducted using representative concentration pathways (RCPs). An LID project in Guangzhou has been selected to illustrate changes in the hydrologic performance for alternative source control strategies for a variety of future climate models and scenarios. Frequent storms of shorter duration in RCP 8.5 cause more dramatic fluctuation of hydrologic performance. Hydrologic performance of LID practices on reducing runoff volume and peak flow in test catchment are different in climate scenarios. Based on the constraints of life cycle costs and environmental impacts of LID alternatives, comprehensive strategies were found effective in managing surface runoff at the source to adapt to the influence of climate change. The methodology described herein could be useful in considering LID practices for critical source management with limited budgets and considering environmental impacts under long-term climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Mo Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, China.
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19
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Yuan L, Sinshaw T, Forshay KJ. Review of Watershed-Scale Water Quality and Nonpoint Source Pollution Models. GEOSCIENCES 2020; 10:1-36. [PMID: 32983579 PMCID: PMC7513854 DOI: 10.3390/geosciences10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Watershed-scale nonpoint source (NPS) pollution models have become important tools to understand, evaluate, and predict the negative impacts of NPS pollution on water quality. Today, there are many NPS models available for users. However, different types of models possess different form and structure as well as complexity of computation. It is difficult for users to select an appropriate model for a specific application without a clear understanding of the limitations or strengths for each model or tool. This review evaluates 14 more commonly used watershed-scale NPS pollution models to explain how and when the application of these different models are appropriate for a given effort. The models that are assessed have a wide range of capacities that include simple models used as rapid screening tools (e.g., Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) and Nonpoint Source Pollution and Erosion Comparison Tool (N-SPECT/OpenNSPECT)), medium-complexity models that require detail data input and limited calibration (e.g., Generalized Watershed Loading Function (GWLF), Loading Simulation Program C (LSPC), Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM), and Watershed Analysis Risk Management Frame (WARMF)), complex models that provide sophisticated simulation for NPS pollution processes with intensive data and rigorous calibration (e.g., Agricultural Nonpoint Source pollution model (AGNPS/AnnAGNPS), Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Stormwater Management Model (SWMM), and Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF)), and modeling systems that integrate various sub-models and tools, and contain the highest complexity to solve all phases of hydrologic, hydraulic, and chemical dynamic processes (e.g., Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment Tool (AGWA), Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS) and Watershed Modeling System (WMS)). This assessment includes model intended use, components or capabilities, suitable land-use type, input parameter type, spatial and temporal scale, simulated pollutants, strengths and limitations, and software availability. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each watershed-scale NPS model will lead to better model selection for suitability and help to avoid misinterpretation or misapplication in practice. The article further explains the crucial criteria for model selection, including spatial and temporal considerations, calibration and validation, uncertainty analysis, and future research direction of NPS pollution models. The goal of this work is to provide accurate and concise insight for watershed managers and planners to select the best-suited model to reduce the harm of NPS pollution to watershed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yuan
- National Research Council Resident Research Associate at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, USA
| | - Tadesse Sinshaw
- National Research Council Resident Research Associate at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Forshay
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, 919 Kerr Research Dr., Ada, OK 74820, USA
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20
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Choosing the LID for Urban Storm Management in the South of Taiyuan Basin by Comparing the Storm Water Reduction Efficiency. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low impact development (LID) is a storm management philosophy. This paper aims at choosing the LID for urban storm management by comparing the efficiency in the south urban district in the Taiyuan Basin. Firstly, we set up a 1D–2D model to simulate the hydrological and hydraulic process of the area. Then the efficiency of different LID scenarios was analyzed by ratio of surcharging pipeline, percentage of ponding road, external outflow, infiltration, surface runoff, facility storage, and LID area ratio. It was found that the continuous porous pavement and rain garden are beneficial for use in residential and commercial settings in urban areas, and the rain garden performs more effectively and efficiently than the continuous porous pavement. The area occupied by LID might be under 20% of the impervious building area, because the LID performance was not improved significantly with the LID area when the ratio exceeded 20%. The LIDs could be more useful for small return periods and short duration storms, and could not replace conventional runoff management practices and drainage systems.
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21
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Liu Y, Guo T, Wang R, Engel BA, Flanagan DC, Li S, Pijanowski BC, Collingsworth PD, Lee JG, Wallace CW. A SWAT-based optimization tool for obtaining cost-effective strategies for agricultural conservation practice implementation at watershed scales. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:685-696. [PMID: 31325867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To address the harmful algal blooms problem in Lake Erie, one solution is to determine the most cost-effective strategies for implementing agricultural best management practices (BMPs) in the Maumee River watershed. An optimization tool, which combines multi-objective optimization algorithms, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), and a computational efficient framework, was created to optimally identify agricultural BMPs at watershed scales. The optimization tool was demonstrated in the Matson Ditch watershed, an agricultural watershed in the Maumee River basin considering critical areas (25% of the watershed with the greatest pollutant loadings per area) and the entire watershed. The initial implementation of BMPs with low expenditures greatly reduced pollutant loadings; beyond certain levels of pollutant reductions, additional expenditures resulted in less significant reductions in pollutant loadings. Compared to optimization for the entire watershed, optimization in critical areas can greatly reduce computational time and obtain similar optimization results for initial reductions in pollutant loadings, which were 10% for Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus (DRP) and 38% for Total Phosphorus (TP); however, for greater reductions in pollutant loadings, critical area optimization was less cost-effective. With the target of simultaneously reducing March-July DRP/TP losses by 40%, the optimized scenario that reduced DRP losses by 40% was found to reduce 51.1% of TP; however, the optimized scenario that reduced TP losses by 40% can only decrease 11.3% of DRP. The optimization tool can help stakeholders identify optimal types, quantities, and spatial locations of BMPs that can maximize reductions in pollutant loadings with the lowest BMP costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoze Liu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Tian Guo
- National Center for Water Quality Research, Heidelberg University, 310 E Market Street, Tiffin, OH 44883, USA
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Dennis C Flanagan
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 275 South Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Bryan C Pijanowski
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Paris D Collingsworth
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Program, 77 West Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL 60604, USA
| | - John G Lee
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, 403 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Carlington W Wallace
- Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin (ICPRB), 30 West Gude Drive, Suite 450, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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22
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Bakhshipour AE, Dittmer U, Haghighi A, Nowak W. Hybrid green-blue-gray decentralized urban drainage systems design, a simulation-optimization framework. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109364. [PMID: 31404854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested hybrid green-blue-gray infrastructures (HGBGI) as the most promising urban drainage systems that can simultaneously combine reliability, resilience, and acceptability of gray infrastructures (networks of pipes) with multi-functionality, sustainability, and adaptability of green-blue infrastructures (GBI). Combining GBI and gray measures for designing new urban drainage systems forms a nonlinear multimodal mixed integer-real optimization problem that is highly constrained and intractable. For this purpose, this study presents a simulation-optimization framework to optimize urban drainage systems considering HGBGI alternatives and different degrees of centralization. The proposed framework begins with the characterization of the site under design and drawing the base graph. Then, different layouts with different degrees of centralization are generated and hydraulically designed using a recent algorithm called hanging gardens algorithm. After introducing the feasible GBI to the model, we now perform second optimization to find the optimum distribution of GBIs in a way that minimizes total life cycle costs of GBIs and pipe networks. Finally, resiliency and sustainability of different scenarios are evaluated using several design storms that provide material for final assessment and decision-making. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using a real large-scale case study, a part of the city of Ahvaz in Iran. Finally, results are presented and discussed with recommendations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin E Bakhshipour
- Department of Urban Drainage (SE), Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Dittmer
- Department of Civil Engineering, Institute for Urban Water Management, Technical University Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ali Haghighi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 61357831351, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Wolfgang Nowak
- Department of Stochastic Simulation and Safety Research (LS3), Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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23
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Movahedinia M, Samani JMV, Barakhasi F, Taghvaeian S, Stepanian R. Simulating the effects of low impact development approaches on urban flooding: a case study from Tehran, Iran. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 80:1591-1600. [PMID: 31961821 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low impact development (LID) methods have been shown to be efficient in reducing the peak flow and total volume of urban stormwater, which is a top priority for effective urban stormwater management in many municipalities. However, decision-makers need information on the effects of LIDs and their associated costs before allocating limited resources. In this study, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used to investigate the effects of five different LID scenarios on urban flooding in a district in Tehran, Iran. The LID scenarios included rain barrel (RB) at two sizes, bio-retention cell (BRC), and combinations of the two structures. The results showed that significant node flooding and overflow volume would occur in the study area under the existing conditions, especially for rainfall events with longer return periods. BRC and combinations of BRC and RBs were the most effective options in reducing flooding, while the smaller-size RB was the cheapest alternative. However, normalized cost, obtained through dividing the total cost by the percent reduction in node flooding and/or overflow volume, was smallest for BRC. The results of this study demonstrate how hydraulic modeling can be combined with economic analysis to identify the most efficient and affordable LID practices for urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Movahedinia
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA E-mail: ; ; Department of Hydraulic Structures Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Saleh Taghvaeian
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA E-mail: ;
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24
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Zeng J, Huang G, Luo H, Mai Y, Wu H. First flush of non-point source pollution and hydrological effects of LID in a Guangzhou community. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13865. [PMID: 31554898 PMCID: PMC6761104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the first flush effect of nonpoint source pollution in the Guangzhou community unit, runoff from roads, roofs, and green spaces during three rainfall events was collected and analyzed for pollutants. Nine runoff pollution indices were considered. The dimensionless cumulative curve of pollutant mass vs. volume, the first flush coefficient (b) and the mass first flush ratio (MFFn) were used to assess the first flush effect of different underlying surfaces. The assessment results pointed out that the roof was most prone to first flush effect. And ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus were the main pollutants in the first flush in the study area. For a quantitative analysis of the first flush, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used to simulate the hydrological effect of low impact development (LID) implementation in the community. The results showed that the first flush strength was reduced after setting LID. And LID measures, such as green roofs and sunken green spaces, contribute to flood control and rainwater purification. This research can be relevant regarding for constructing sponge cities and reducing the pollution caused by the first flush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Zeng
- South China University of Technology, School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guoru Huang
- South China University of Technology, School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,South China University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Safety and Greenization for Water Conservancy Project, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haiwan Luo
- South China University of Technology, School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yepeng Mai
- South China University of Technology, School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haichun Wu
- South China University of Technology, School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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25
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An Analysis of Eco-Technology Allowing Water and Energy Saving in an Environmentally Friendly House—A Case Study from Poland. BUILDINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings9080180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis on selected alternative systems was carried out to reduce the demand for potable water and energy in a detached house designed in accordance with the concept of environmentally friendly house. The tests included a rainwater harvesting system, graywater recycling system, solar panels, photovoltaic panels, air heat pumps, ground heat pumps, wind turbines, drain water heat recovery units, and biomass boilers. The analysis was made for many investment variants where different combinations of the mentioned solutions were applied. In addition to the LCC analysis, some tests were also carried out to determine an impact of the investment options on the environment. This was done by calculating CO2, SO2, NOx, CO and dust emissions. The research was carried out for a different number of occupants and variable levels of water consumption, which allowed determining the impact of these parameters on the results obtained. They showed that for any of the computational cases the traditional option of the installation was not the most advantageous solution in financial and environmental terms, and the systems in question could be an alternative to this option. Thanks to their implementation, the consumption of fossil energy resources and natural water resources will be reduced, and the emission of pollutants will be limited, which will contribute to an improvement of the natural environment.
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Wang M, Zhang D, Cheng Y, Tan SK. Assessing performance of porous pavements and bioretention cells for stormwater management in response to probable climatic changes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 243:157-167. [PMID: 31096169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of porous pavement (PP) and bio-retention cells (BCs) under the influence of potential climate change was investigated based on representative concentration pathways (RCPs). A case study of a test catchment in Guangzhou illustrated changes of peak runoff under various climate scenarios. There were distinct increases in runoff volume and peak discharge in response to RCP8.5 but only marginal increases in response to RCP2.6 (compared with present conditions). The performance of PP and BCs in terms of percentage reduction of runoff volume and peak discharge was examined for 1-, 10-, and 100-year return period and 1- and 6-h-duration storms under various climate scenarios. The effectiveness of PP and BCs varied non-linearly with the extent of PP and BCs adopted. In general, the fluctuation of hydrological performance of PP is greater than that of BCs in RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 (e.g., peak flow reductions range from -60% to 69% and from -22% to 9%, for 5% area of PP and BCs, respectively). And PP is more cost-effective for frequent storms using life cycle costing analysis. We find that PP and BCs could significantly reduce runoff volume and peak discharge in response to rainfall events with short return period, but not for heavy storms with longer return period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Biophilic Lab, Z+T Studio, Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Yuning Cheng
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Soon Keat Tan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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A Quantity–Quality Model to Assess the Effects of Source Control Stormwater Management on Hydrology and Water Quality at the Catchment Scale. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The vast development of urban areas has resulted in the increase of stormwater peak runoff and volume. Water quality has also been adversely affected. The best management practices (BMPs) and low impact development (LID) techniques could be applied to urban areas to mitigate these effects. A quantity–quality model was developed to simulate LID practices at the catchment scale using the US Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (US EPA SWMM). The purpose of the study was to investigate the impacts of LID techniques on hydrology and water quality. The study was performed in BUNUS catchment in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This study applied vegetated swale and rain garden to assess the model performance at a catchment scale using real field data. The selected LIDs occupied 7% of each subcatchment (of which 40% was swale and 30% was rain garden). The LID removal efficiency was up to 40% and 62% for TN and TSS, respectively. The peak runoff reduction was up to 27% for the rainfall of up to 70 mm, and up to 19% for the rainfall of between 70 and 90 mm, respectively. For the longer storm events of higher than 90 mm the results were not as satisfactory as expected. The model was more effective in peak runoff reduction during the shorter rainfall events. As for the water quality, it was satisfactory in all selected rainfall scenarios.
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Chen Y, Cheng W, Zhang H, Qiao J, Liu J, Shi Z, Gong W. Evaluation of the total maximum allocated load of dissolved inorganic nitrogen using a watershed-coastal ocean coupled model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:734-749. [PMID: 31003101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the recent rapid increase in human activity and economic development, many coastal areas have recently experienced a high degree of land-based pollution. Evaluating the total maximum allocated load (TMAL) of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) nutrients and the remaining capacity is of importance for improving water quality. A considerable amount of nutrients derived from the coastal watershed can be found in wet seasons, which is non-negligible for the estimation of remaining capacity. Therefore, we use a watershed-coastal ocean coupled model combined with an optimization algorithm to tackle this issue. In contrast with previous studies, this study provides a method to estimate the spatiotemporal variations in TMALs and we then compare it to the current DIN nutrient load, including both point sources and non-point sources. Our results suggest that the TMAL of Daya Bay (DB), which is located in the northern part of the South China Sea, is about 7976 metric tons per year (t/yr) and ranges from 191 metric tons per month (t/month) to 1072 t/month. The increase of non-point source (NPS) DIN input also plays an important role in daily overload events during wet seasons. Moreover, the TMALs show an inverse exponential correlation with the water age, but only about 65% of the variance is explained. This suggests that the variations from the optimization algorithm and from local water function zoning plans are also important. According to our prediction of the DIN input, the TMAL of DB will soon be exhausted in the next several years. Consequently, prompt actions are necessary to consider the distribution of TMALs in urban developments and to decelerate the rapid growth of DIN input. Therefore, the results of this study will be helpful for both local pollution control and future urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuren Chen
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weicong Cheng
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou 510275, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou 510275, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
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Chen J, Liu Y, Gitau MW, Engel BA, Flanagan DC, Harbor JM. Evaluation of the effectiveness of green infrastructure on hydrology and water quality in a combined sewer overflow community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:69-79. [PMID: 30772580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the effectiveness of green infrastructure (GI) practices on improving site hydrology and water quality and their associated cost could provide valuable information for decision makers when creating development/re-development strategies. In this study, a watershed scale rainfall-runoff model (the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Analysis - Low Impact Development model, the L-THIA-LID 2.1 model) was enhanced to improve its simulation of urban water management practices including GI practices. The enhanced model (L-THIA-LID 2.2) is capable of: simulating in more detail impervious surfaces including sidewalks, roads, driveways, and parking lots; conducting cost calculations for converting these impervious surfaces to porous pavements; and, selecting suitable areas for bioretention in the study area. The effectiveness of GI practices on improving hydrology and water quality in a combined sewer overflow urban watershed-the Darst Sewershed in the City of Peoria, IL-was examined in eleven simulation scenarios using 8 practices. The total cost and the cost effectiveness for each scenario considering a 20-year practice lifetime were calculated. Results showed: combined implementation of GI practices performed better than applying individual practices alone; adoption levels and combinations of GI practices could potentially reduce runoff volume by 0.2-23.5%, TSS by 0.18-30.8%, TN by 0.2-27.9%, and TP by 0.2 to 28.1%; adding more practices did not necessarily achieve substantial runoff and pollutant reductions based on site characteristics; the most cost-effective scenario out of eleven considered had an associated cost of $9.21 to achieve 1 m3 runoff reduction per year and $119 to achieve 1 kg TSS reduction per year assuming residents' cooperation in implementing GI practices on their properties; adoption of GI practices on all possible areas could potentially achieve the greatest runoff and pollutant reduction, but would not be the most cost-effective option. This enhanced model can be applied to different locations to support assessing the beneficial uses of GI practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Chen
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yaoze Liu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Margaret W Gitau
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dennis C Flanagan
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jonathan M Harbor
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Li F, Liu Y, Engel BA, Chen J, Sun H. Green infrastructure practices simulation of the impacts of land use on surface runoff: Case study in Ecorse River watershed, Michigan. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:603-611. [PMID: 30597354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As an urban fringe district, the Ecorse River watershed is faced with increased impervious area caused by urban expansion. Effects of Green Infrastructure (GI) practice implementation were simulated with the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment-Low Impact Development 2.1 model (L-THIA-LID 2.1). Suitable locations of each GI practice were identified, based on construction condition requirements and demand on GI practices in the study area. Using the data of 2011, various GI practice combination scenarios were explored according to the cost-efficiency of each GI practice. GI practice implementation scenarios in 2050 were also simulated based on projected land use and rainfall data. Results show that grassed swales, rain barrels (residential areas) and dry ponds were the top three most cost-efficient GI practices, with the cost at $1.5/m³/yr, $3.0/m³/yr and $3.4/m³/yr, respectively. Green roofs with rain cisterns (industrial and commercial area) were the most expensive GI practices, with the cost at $92.9/m³/yr. With the increase of investment in GI practices, the changing curves of the annual runoff volume, Total Nitrogen (TN) load and Total Phosphorus (TP) load reduction ratios match the law of diminishing marginal utility. The scenario with grassed swales, rain barrels, dry ponds and porous pavement would be the most cost-efficient scenario for runoff water quantity reduction. In addition, the scenario with additional wet ponds would be the most cost-efficient one for TN load and TP load reduction. GI practices in each scenario for expected 2050 conditions show better effectiveness on water quantity and quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhi Li
- College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yaoze Liu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agriculture and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Jingqiu Chen
- Department of Agriculture and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hua Sun
- College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China.
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Hou J, Mao H, Li J, Sun S. Spatial simulation of the ecological processes of stormwater for sponge cities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:574-583. [PMID: 30508777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ecological stormwater processes of a sponge city include the ecological processes of runoff and confluence, the thermal landscape and decontamination. In this study, elements of stormwater processes - short-duration heavy rainfall, rainstorm intensity, drainage networks, surface temperature, the scouring process and the cumulative process of pollutants (SS, COD, TP and NH3_N), and, finally, the low impact development (LID) facilities at different recurrence periods-are simulated using the rainstorm intensity model, the scoured exponential model and the split-window algorithm. Land-use types and LID facilities in sponge cities greatly influence the spatial distribution of ecological stormwater processes. Rainstorm intensity, cumulative volume, flow rate and drainage capacity all increase in the initial stage of rainfall and decrease in the later stage, with an increase in rainfall duration. Rainfall, infiltration amount, runoff and rainstorm intensity all increase; however, the runoff coefficient and infiltration proportion decrease with an increase in the rainfall recurrence period. LID facilities can increase rainfall, peak flood delay time, area of low temperature zone, annual runoff control rate and runoff pollutant reduction rate at the recurrence periods of 1 a, 3 a, 5 a, 10 a, 20 a, 30 a and 50 a, especially during short-duration rainfall. The paper concludes LID facilities of sponge cities play an important role in weakening the effects of rain-, heat- and pollution-islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Hou
- School of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Ningxia (China-Arab) Key Laboratory of Resource Assessment and Environment Regulation in Arid Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Hongxin Mao
- School of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Ningxia Institute of Meteorology, Ningxia Meteorological Bureau, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Shiqin Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
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32
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Xu T, Engel BA, Shi X, Leng L, Jia H, Yu SL, Liu Y. Marginal-cost-based greedy strategy (MCGS): Fast and reliable optimization of low impact development (LID) layout. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:570-580. [PMID: 29870934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cost effectiveness is a major concern when implementing low impact development (LID) practices for urban stormwater management (USWM). To optimize LID layout, an efficient and more reliable method, namely, the Marginal-Cost-based Greedy Strategy (MCGS) was developed based on the economic law of increasing marginal costs (MCs) and the stepwise minimization of MCs. To verify its broad applicability, MCGS was applied in three case studies in China with different system settings and environmental goals. Both Cases I and II were watershed-scale studies in Suzhou City urban districts, but in Case II, the impact of future uncertainties (i.e., climate change, urban expansion, and LID performance degradation) on USWM system performance was considered. Case III was a block-scale study of the Xixian New District (a pilot "Sponge City" in China), which involved a rainwater pipe network and a complicated environmental goal. Compared with the extensively used but complicated NSGA-II, the MCGS performed better in terms of yielding more converged performance trade-offs, providing more choices for city planners, and requiring much less computational resources in all three cases. Meanwhile, MCGS established an optimal pathway for multi-stage LID layout planning. The success of MCGS indicated that the MC of a LID practice determined its favorability in an USWM system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Xu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xinmei Shi
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Leng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shaw L Yu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yaoze Liu
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Mei C, Liu J, Wang H, Yang Z, Ding X, Shao W. Integrated assessments of green infrastructure for flood mitigation to support robust decision-making for sponge city construction in an urbanized watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:1394-1407. [PMID: 29929303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Green Infrastructure (GI) has become increasingly important in urban stormwater management because of the effects of climate change and urbanization. To mitigate severe urban water-related problems, China is implementing GI at the national scale under its Sponge City Program (SCP). The SCP is currently in a pilot period, however, little attention has been paid to the cost-effectiveness of GI implementation in China. In this study, an evaluation framework based on the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) was applied to undertake integrated assessments of the development of GI for flood mitigation, to support robust decision making regarding sponge city construction in urbanized watersheds. A baseline scenario and 15 GI scenarios under six design rainfall events with recurrence intervals ranging from 2-100 years were simulated and assessed. Model simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of GI for flood mitigation. Nevertheless, even under the most beneficial scenario, the results showed the hydrological performance of GI was incapable of eliminating flooding. Analysis indicated the bioretention cell (BC) plus vegetated swale (VS) scenario was the most cost-effective GI option for unit investment under all rainfall events. However, regarding the maximum potential of the implementation areas of all GI scenarios, the porous pavement plus BC + VS strategy was considered most reasonable for the study area. Although the optimal combinations are influenced by uncertainties in both the model and the GI parameters, the main trends and key insights derived remain unaffected; therefore, the conclusions are relevant regarding sponge city construction within the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Mei
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Jiahong Liu
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China, Beijing 100038, China; School of Transportation and Civil Engineering & Architecture, Foshan University, Guangdong 528000, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China, Beijing 100038, China; School of Transportation and Civil Engineering & Architecture, Foshan University, Guangdong 528000, China.
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Xiangyi Ding
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Weiwei Shao
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China, Beijing 100038, China.
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Zhang K, Chui TFM. A comprehensive review of spatial allocation of LID-BMP-GI practices: Strategies and optimization tools. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:915-929. [PMID: 29223122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Low-impact development (LID), best management practice (BMP), and green infrastructure (GI) are semi-engineered stormwater management practices that have been widely studied and implemented worldwide. Implemented in the complex environment of urban areas, LID-BMP-GI practices often intertwine with a very large number of hydro-environmental and socio-economic considerations and constraints. Therefore, they need to be carefully selected, designed, and allocated within an urban area. Both planning and optimization can lead to more systematic and strategic approaches to address this multi-scale, multi-parameter problem of practice allocation. In this review, we first identify the main components of the strategic planning cycle, their scope and inter-relationships, and their corresponding mathematical representations. We then present a comprehensive review of the existing literature on spatial allocation optimization tools (SAOTs) for LID-BMP-GI practices and summarize the generic structure and the systematic typology of the existing SAOTs. We conclude with a discussion of several current research gaps in the spatial allocation of LID-BMP-GI practices. In this review, we aim to summarize the strategies and optimization tools for the spatial allocation of LID-BMP-GI practices that are beneficial to practitioners. The other aim is to provide recommendations for future research on the development of more advanced and comprehensive SAOTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Fong May Chui
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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Evaluating the Hydrologic Performance of Low Impact Development Scenarios in a Micro Urban Catchment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020273. [PMID: 29401747 PMCID: PMC5858342 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As urbanization progresses, increasingly impervious surfaces have changed the hydrological processes in cities and resulted in a major challenge for urban stormwater control. This study uses the urban stormwater model to evaluate the performance and costs of low impact development (LID) scenarios in a micro urban catchment. Rainfall-runoff data of three rainfall events were used for model calibration and validation. The pre-developed (PreDev) scenario, post-developed (PostDev) scenario, and three LID scenarios were used to evaluate the hydrologic performance of LID measures. Using reduction in annual runoff as the goal, the best solutions for each LID scenario were selected using cost-effectiveness curves. The simulation results indicated that the three designed LID scenarios could effectively reduce annual runoff volumes and pollutant loads compared with the PostDev scenario. The most effective scenario (MaxPerf) reduced annual runoff by 53.4%, followed by the sponge city (SpoPerf, 51.5%) and economy scenarios (EcoPerf, 43.1%). The runoff control efficiency of the MaxPerf and SpoPerf scenarios increased by 23.9% and 19.5%, respectively, when compared with the EcoPerf scenario; however, the costs increased by 104% and 83.6%. The reduction rates of four pollutants (TSS, TN, TP, and COD) under the MaxPerf scenario were 59.8-61.1%, followed by SpoPerf (53.9-58.3%) and EcoPerf (42.3-45.4%), and the costs of the three scenarios were 3.74, 3.47, and 1.83 million yuan, respectively. These results can provide guidance to urban stormwater managers in future urban planning to improve urban water security.
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Decision Support System for the Design and Planning of Low-Impact Development Practices: The Case of Seoul. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li S, Zhang L, Liu H, Loáiciga HA, Zhai L, Zhuang Y, Lei Q, Hu W, Li W, Feng Q, Du Y. Evaluating the risk of phosphorus loss with a distributed watershed model featuring zero-order mobilization and first-order delivery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:563-576. [PMID: 28763654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many semi-distributed models that simulate pollutants' losses from watersheds do not handle well detailed spatially distributed and temporal data with which to identify accurate and cost-effective strategies for controlling pollutants issuing from non-point sources. Such models commonly overlook the flow pathways of pollutants across the landscape. This work aims at closing such knowledge gap by developing a Spatially and Temporally Distributed Empirical model for Phosphorus Management (STEM-P) that simulates the daily phosphorus loss from source areas to receiving waters on a spatially-distributed grid-cell basis. STEM-P bypasses the use of complex mechanistic algorithms by representing the phosphorus mobilization and delivery processes with zero-order mobilization and first-order delivery, respectively. STEM-P was applied to a 217km2 watershed with mixed forest and agricultural land uses situated in southwestern China. The STEM-P simulation of phosphorus concentration at the watershed outlet approximated the observed data closely: the percent bias (Pbias) was -7.1%, with a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (ENS) of 0.80 on a monthly scale for the calibration period. The Pbias was 18.1%, with a monthly ENS equal to 0.72 for validation. The simulation results showed that 76% of the phosphorus load was transported with surface runoff, 25.2% of which came from 3.4% of the watershed area (classified as standard A critical source areas), and 55.3% of which originated from 17.1% of the watershed area (classified as standard B critical source areas). The standard A critical source areas were composed of 51% residences, 27% orchards, 18% dry fields, and 4% paddy fields. The standard B critical source areas were mainly paddy fields (81%). The calculated spatial and temporal patterns of phosphorus loss and recorded flow pathways identified with the STEM-P simulations revealed the field-scale critical source areas and guides the design and placement of effective practices for non-point source pollution control and water quality conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Li
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China.
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hugo A Loáiciga
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Limei Zhai
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanhua Zhuang
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Qiuliang Lei
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wanli Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Yun Du
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China
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Eckart K, McPhee Z, Bolisetti T. Performance and implementation of low impact development - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:413-432. [PMID: 28704668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, urbanization, and ecological concerns are all driving the need for new stormwater management strategies. The effects of urbanization are exaggerated by climate change and thus the development of innovative stormwater management techniques are necessary to mitigate these impacts. One emerging stormwater management philosophy is low impact development (LID). LID utilizes distributed stormwater controls (often green infrastructure) as well as green spaces and natural hydrologic features in order to bring the hydrology of urban catchments closer to pre-development conditions. The review provides a summary of the knowledge of LID as a stormwater management technique and climate change mitigation measure as well as the current state of research and implementation of this topic. In order to provide a better understanding of the extensive scope that should be considered for design of low impact developments, methods of optimization, modelling, monitoring and the performance of LID alternatives is covered. LID has been widely adopted and proven successful in many cases; however, there remains uncertainty of its benefits. This review brings together knowledge from many sources in order to provide an overview of LID and examine its performance and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Eckart
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B3P4, Canada.
| | - Zach McPhee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B3P4, Canada.
| | - Tirupati Bolisetti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B3P4, Canada.
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Effect of Sediment Accumulation on Best Management Practice (BMP) Stormwater Runoff Volume Reduction Performance for Roadways. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9120980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Liu Y, Engel BA, Flanagan DC, Gitau MW, McMillan SK, Chaubey I. A review on effectiveness of best management practices in improving hydrology and water quality: Needs and opportunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:580-593. [PMID: 28575835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Best management practices (BMPs) have been widely used to address hydrology and water quality issues in both agricultural and urban areas. Increasing numbers of BMPs have been studied in research projects and implemented in watershed management projects, but a gap remains in quantifying their effectiveness through time. In this paper, we review the current knowledge about BMP efficiencies, which indicates that most empirical studies have focused on short-term efficiencies, while few have explored long-term efficiencies. Most simulation efforts that consider BMPs assume constant performance irrespective of ages of the practices, generally based on anticipated maintenance activities or the expected performance over the life of the BMP(s). However, efficiencies of BMPs likely change over time irrespective of maintenance due to factors such as degradation of structures and accumulation of pollutants. Generally, the impacts of BMPs implemented in water quality protection programs at watershed levels have not been as rapid or large as expected, possibly due to overly high expectations for practice long-term efficiency, with BMPs even being sources of pollutants under some conditions and during some time periods. The review of available datasets reveals that current data are limited regarding both short-term and long-term BMP efficiency. Based on this review, this paper provides suggestions regarding needs and opportunities. Existing practice efficiency data need to be compiled. New data on BMP efficiencies that consider important factors, such as maintenance activities, also need to be collected. Then, the existing and new data need to be analyzed. Further research is needed to create a framework, as well as modeling approaches built on the framework, to simulate changes in BMP efficiencies with time. The research community needs to work together in addressing these needs and opportunities, which will assist decision makers in formulating better decisions regarding BMP implementation in watershed management projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoze Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Dennis C Flanagan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 275 S. Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Margaret W Gitau
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sara K McMillan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Indrajeet Chaubey
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Liu Y, Engel BA, Collingsworth PD, Pijanowski BC. Optimal implementation of green infrastructure practices to minimize influences of land use change and climate change on hydrology and water quality: Case study in Spy Run Creek watershed, Indiana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1400-1411. [PMID: 28605858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient loading from the Maumee River watershed is a significant reason for the harmful algal blooms (HABs) problem in Lake Erie. The nutrient loading from urban areas needs to be reduced with the installation of green infrastructure (GI) practices. The Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment-Low Impact Development 2.1 (L-THIA-LID 2.1) model was used to explore the influences of land use (LU) and climate change on water quantity and quality in Spy Run Creek watershed (SRCW) (part of Maumee River watershed), decide whether and where excess phosphorus loading existed, identify critical areas to understand where the greatest amount of runoff/pollutants originated, and optimally implement GI practices to obtain maximum environmental benefits with the lowest costs. Both LU/climate changes increased runoff/pollutants generated from the watershed. Areas with the highest runoff/pollutant amount per area, or critical areas, differed for various environmental concerns, land uses (LUs), and climates. Compared to optimization considering all areas, optimization conducted only in critical areas can provide similar cost-effective results with decreased computational time for low levels of runoff/pollutant reductions, but critical area optimization results were not as cost-effective for higher levels of runoff/pollutant reductions. Runoff/pollutants for 2011/2050 LUs/climates could be reduced to amounts of 2001 LU/climate by installation of GI practices with annual expenditures of $0.34 to $2.05 million. The optimization scenarios that were able to obtain the 2001 runoff level in 2011/2050, can also reduce all pollutants to 2001 levels in this watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoze Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Paris D Collingsworth
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Program, 77 West Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL 60604, USA
| | - Bryan C Pijanowski
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Simulation and feasibility of biological and structural BMPs for stormwater control in the urbanizing watersheds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40808-017-0330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis System for Prioritizing Sites and Types of Low Impact Development Practices: Case of Korea. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9040291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study developed a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework to prioritize sites and types of low impact development (LID) practices. This framework was systemized as a web-based system coupled with the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Using TOPSIS method, which is a type of MCDA method, multiple types and sites of designated LID practices are prioritized. This system is named the Water Management Prioritization Module (WMPM). WMPM can simultaneously determine the priority of multiple LID types and sites. In this study, an infiltration trench and permeable pavement were considered for multiple sub-catchments in South Korea to demonstrate the WMPM procedures. The TOPSIS method was manually incorporated to select the vulnerable target sub-catchments and to prioritize the LID planning scenarios for multiple types and sites considering social, hydrologic and physical-geometric factors. In this application, the Delphi method and entropy theory were used to determine the subjective and objective weights, respectively.
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Pamukcu P, Erdem N, Serengil Y, Randhir TO. Ecohydrologic modelling of water resources and land use for watershed conservation. ECOL INFORM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu Y, Theller LO, Pijanowski BC, Engel BA. Optimal selection and placement of green infrastructure to reduce impacts of land use change and climate change on hydrology and water quality: An application to the Trail Creek Watershed, Indiana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 553:149-163. [PMID: 26925727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The adverse impacts of urbanization and climate change on hydrology and water quality can be mitigated by applying green infrastructure practices. In this study, the impacts of land use change and climate change on hydrology and water quality in the 153.2 km(2) Trail Creek watershed located in northwest Indiana were estimated using the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment-Low Impact Development 2.1 (L-THIA-LID 2.1) model for the following environmental concerns: runoff volume, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Phosphorous (TP), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), and Nitrate+Nitrite (NOx). Using a recent 2001 land use map and 2050 land use forecasts, we found that land use change resulted in increased runoff volume and pollutant loads (8.0% to 17.9% increase). Climate change reduced runoff and nonpoint source pollutant loads (5.6% to 10.2% reduction). The 2050 forecasted land use with current rainfall resulted in the largest runoff volume and pollutant loads. The optimal selection and placement of green infrastructure practices using L-THIA-LID 2.1 model were conducted. Costs of applying green infrastructure were estimated using the L-THIA-LID 2.1 model considering construction, maintenance, and opportunity costs. To attain the same runoff volume and pollutant loads as in 2001 land uses for 2050 land uses, the runoff volume, TSS, TP, TKN, and NOx for 2050 needed to be reduced by 10.8%, 14.4%, 13.1%, 15.2%, and 9.0%, respectively. The corresponding annual costs of implementing green infrastructure to achieve the goals were $2.1, $0.8, $1.6, $1.9, and $0.8 million, respectively. Annual costs of reducing 2050 runoff volume/pollutant loads were estimated, and results show green infrastructure annual cost greatly increased for larger reductions in runoff volume and pollutant loads. During optimization, the most cost-efficient green infrastructure practices were selected and implementation levels increased for greater reductions of runoff and nonpoint source pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoze Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lawrence O Theller
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bryan C Pijanowski
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Wright TJ, Liu Y, Carroll NJ, Ahiablame LM, Engel BA. Retrofitting LID Practices into Existing Neighborhoods: Is It Worth It? ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 57:856-867. [PMID: 26725052 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Low-impact development (LID) practices are gaining popularity as an approach to manage stormwater close to the source. LID practices reduce infrastructure requirements and help maintain hydrologic processes similar to predevelopment conditions. Studies have shown LID practices to be effective in reducing runoff and improving water quality. However, little has been done to aid decision makers in selecting the most effective practices for their needs and budgets. The long-term hydrologic impact assessment LID model was applied to four neighborhoods in Lafayette, Indiana using readily available data sources to compare LID practices by analyzing runoff volumes, implementation cost, and the approximate period needed to achieve payback on the investment. Depending on the LID practice and adoption level, 10-70% reductions in runoff volumes could be achieved. The cost per cubic meter of runoff reduction was highly variable depending on the LID practice and the land use to which it was applied, ranging from around $3 to almost $600. In some cases the savings from reduced runoff volumes paid back the LID practice cost with interest in less than 3 years, while in other cases it was not possible to generate a payback. Decision makers need this information to establish realistic goals and make informed decisions regarding LID practices before moving into detailed designs, thereby saving time and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Wright
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2093, USA
| | - Yaoze Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2093, USA
| | - Natalie J Carroll
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering and Department of Youth Development and Agricultural Education, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Laurent M Ahiablame
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2093, USA.
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Li H, Li K, Zhang X. Performance Evaluation of Grassed Swales for Stormwater Pollution Control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu Y, Bralts VF, Engel BA. Evaluating the effectiveness of management practices on hydrology and water quality at watershed scale with a rainfall-runoff model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:298-308. [PMID: 25553544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The adverse influence of urban development on hydrology and water quality can be reduced by applying best management practices (BMPs) and low impact development (LID) practices. This study applied green roof, rain barrel/cistern, bioretention system, porous pavement, permeable patio, grass strip, grassed swale, wetland channel, retention pond, detention basin, and wetland basin, on Crooked Creek watershed. The model was calibrated and validated for annual runoff volume. A framework for simulating BMPs and LID practices at watershed scales was created, and the impacts of BMPs and LID practices on water quantity and water quality were evaluated with the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment-Low Impact Development 2.1 (L-THIA-LID 2.1) model for 16 scenarios. The various levels and combinations of BMPs/LID practices reduced runoff volume by 0 to 26.47%, Total Nitrogen (TN) by 0.30 to 34.20%, Total Phosphorus (TP) by 0.27 to 47.41%, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) by 0.33 to 53.59%, Lead (Pb) by 0.30 to 60.98%, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) by 0 to 26.70%, and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by 0 to 27.52%. The implementation of grass strips in 25% of the watershed where this practice could be applied was the most cost-efficient scenario, with cost per unit reduction of $1m3/yr for runoff, while cost for reductions of two pollutants of concern was $445 kg/yr for Total Nitrogen (TN) and $4871 kg/yr for Total Phosphorous (TP). The scenario with very high levels of BMP and LID practice adoption (scenario 15) reduced runoff volume and pollutant loads from 26.47% to 60.98%, and provided the greatest reduction in runoff volume and pollutant loads among all scenarios. However, this scenario was not as cost-efficient as most other scenarios. The L-THIA-LID 2.1 model is a valid tool that can be applied to various locations to help identify cost effective BMP/LID practice plans at watershed scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoze Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2093, USA
| | - Vincent F Bralts
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2093, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2093, USA.
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