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Carrasco Navas-Parejo JC, Papaspyrou S, Haro S, Caballero de Frutos I, Corzo A. Trophic status of a coastal lagoon - marine harbor system: Potential outwelling rates to the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef southern region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163202. [PMID: 37023814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is still a serious problem in many coastal areas, including the tropics, where river discharges of nutrients is usually high. The ecological stability and ecosystem services of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS), the world's second-largest coral reef system, suffer a generalized impact by riverine discharge of sediment and organic and inorganic nutrients, which may lead to coastal eutrophication and a coral-macroalgal phase shift. However, few data exist on the MRBS coastal zone status, particularly in Honduras. Here, two in situ sampling campaigns were carried out (May 2017 and January 2018) in the Alvarado Lagoon and Puerto Cortés Bay (Honduras). Measurements included water column nutrients, chlorophyll-a (Chla), particulate organic and inorganic matter and net community metabolism, completed with satellite images analysis. The lagoon and bay environments are ecologically different systems and present different sensitivities to seasonal changes in precipitation as shown by the multivariate analysis. Nonetheless, net community production and respiration rates were neither different spatially, nor seasonally. In addition, both environments were highly eutrophic as shown by the TRIX index. Thus, the Puerto Cortés system represents an important source of dissolved nutrients and particulate matter to the coastal zone. Even though offshore, water quality, based on estimated outwelling rates from the Puerto Cortés system to the coastal waters of the southern MRBS region, improved considerably, concentrations of Chla and nutrients remained higher than those typically measured in non-polluted coral reefs in the Caribbean region and the suggested threshold values. In situ monitoring and assessment of these aspects are crucial to evaluate the ecological functioning of and threats on the MBRS, and elaborate and implement adequate policies for integrated management given its regional and global importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Carrasco Navas-Parejo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Coastal and Marine Research, Los Profesores, Main street, Tela, Atlántida, Honduras
| | - Sokratis Papaspyrou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigacion Marina, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Sara Haro
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute |University of Galway, Ireland, H91 TK33
| | - Isabel Caballero de Frutos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Puerto Real 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alfonso Corzo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigacion Marina, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Cadiz, Spain
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Puente A, Gómez AG, de Los Ríos A, Galván C. Natural stress vs. anthropogenic pressure. How do they affect benthic communities? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113935. [PMID: 35863203 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Puente
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - A G Gómez
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, 39011 Santander, Spain; Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting System, SOCIB, 07122, Edificio Norte, Bloque A, Parc Bit, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A de Los Ríos
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - C Galván
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, 39011 Santander, Spain
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3
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Water Exchanges in Mediterranean Microtidal Harbours. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14132012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean ports feature complex layouts and exert important environmental pressures in squeezed coastal zones. They experience mild meteo-oceanographic conditions during part of the year, leading to water velocities that are close to the resolution limits of observation equipment. The paper addresses the challenge of characterising summer port hydrodynamics by designing intensive field campaigns, focused on hydrodynamic variables, such as harbour entrance fluxes. The approach was developed for three Spanish microtidal harbours with different domain sizes and one or two entrances. These elements play a key role in harbour exchanges through the entrance and the subsequent water renovation. The paper will present and discuss the meteocean data and inferred variables, such as renovation times, which is a key indicator of water quality. From this basis, the paper will discuss the changing estuarine circulation patterns and the role of upwelling and downwelling on observed water temperature peaks. The conclusions will address the role of harbour hydrodynamics in integrated coastal water quality and port engineering, particularly for ports’ environmental impacts on adjacent beaches. To assess the full hydrodynamic domain, forecasting models are helpful. The continuous observations presented in this work would also help in the implementation and validation of these models.
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López M, López Lilao A, Ribalta C, Martínez Y, Piña N, Ballesteros A, Fito C, Koehler K, Newton A, Monfort E, Viana M. Particle release from refit operations in shipyards: Exposure, toxicity and environmental implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150216. [PMID: 34520930 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
European harbours are known to contribute to air quality degradation. While most of the literature focuses on emissions from stacks or logistics operations, ship refit and repair activities are also relevant aerosol sources in EU harbour areas. Main activities include abrasive removal of filler and spray painting with antifouling coatings/primers/topcoats. This work aimed to assess ultrafine particle (UFP) emissions from ship maintenance activities and their links with exposure, toxicity and health risks for humans and the aquatic environment. Aerosol emissions were monitored during mechanical abrasion of surface coatings under real-world operating conditions in two scenarios in the Mallorca harbour (Spain). Different types of UFPs were observed: (1) highly regular (triangular, hexagonal) engineered nanoparticles (Ti-, Zr-, Fe-based), embedded as nano-additives in the coatings, and (2) irregular, incidental particles emitted directly or formed during abrasion. Particle number concentrations monitored were in the range of industrial activities such as drilling or welding (up to 5 ∗ 105/cm3, mean diameters <30 nm). The chemical composition of PM4 aerosols was dominated by metallic tracers in the coatings (Ti, Al, Ba, Zn). In vitro toxicity of PM2 aerosols evidenced reduced cell viability and a moderate potential for cytotoxic effects. While best practices (exhaust ventilation, personal protective equipment, dust removal) were in place, it is unlikely that exposures and environmental release can be fully avoided at all times. Thus, it is advisable that health and safety protocols should be comprehensive to minimise exposures in all types of locations (near- and far-field) and periods (activity and non-activity). Potential release to coastal surface waters of metallic engineered and incidental nanomaterials, as well as fine and coarse particles (in the case of settled dust), should be assessed and avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- M López
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona University, Chemistry Faculty, C/ de Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A López Lilao
- Institute of Ceramic Technology (ITC)- AICE - Universitat Jaume I, Campus Universitario Riu Sec, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12006 Castellón, Spain
| | - C Ribalta
- The National Research Center for Work Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København, Denmark
| | - Y Martínez
- Baleari Island University (UIB), Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - N Piña
- Baleari Island University (UIB), Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - A Ballesteros
- Technological Institute of Packaging, Transportation and Logistics (ITENE), C/ Albert Einstein, 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Fito
- Technological Institute of Packaging, Transportation and Logistics (ITENE), C/ Albert Einstein, 1, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - K Koehler
- Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - A Newton
- Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - E Monfort
- Institute of Ceramic Technology (ITC)- AICE - Universitat Jaume I, Campus Universitario Riu Sec, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12006 Castellón, Spain
| | - M Viana
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Environmental Management System for the Analysis of Oil Spill Risk Using Probabilistic Simulations. Application at Tarragona Monobuoy. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8040277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oil spill accidents during port operations are one of the main hydrocarbon pollution threats for coastal waters. Appropriate environmental risk assessment and pollution events management tools are needed to achieve sustainability and environmental protection in port activity. Recent developments in monitoring techniques and accurate meteo-oceanographic prediction systems have been implemented in many ports, providing tools for environmental management. A novel method based on meteo-oceanographic operational services, in conjunction with Monte Carlo experiments using an oil spill model, is implemented to perform probabilistic maps of potential pollution events. Tarragona port area was chosen as the study case for three reasons: it accommodates a hub of petrochemical industry, the availability of high-resolution wind and water current data, and previous studies at the area offer the possibility to check the results’ accuracy. The interpretation of the impact probability maps reveals a specific pattern explained by the mean hydrodynamic conditions and the energetic north-westerly wind conditions. The impact probability maps may enhance efficiency in the environmental management of port waters and nearby coastal areas, reducing the negative impact of pollutant discharges.
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Campos BGD, Moreira LB, Pauly GDFE, Cruz ACF, Monte CDN, Dias da Silva LI, Rodrigues APDC, Machado W, Abessa DMDS. Integrating multiple lines of evidence of sediment quality in a tropical bay (Guanabara Bay, Brazil). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:925-934. [PMID: 31426239 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the ecological risk of metal contamination in sediments of Guanabara Bay (GB) by combining multiple lines of evidence (LOEs). Chemical analysis and a set of whole-sediment toxicity assays were conducted with Tiburonella viscana, Kalliapseudes schubartii, Anomalocardia flexuosa, and Nitocra sp. Results were integrated by multivariate analysis and qualitative methods. Additionally, a whole-sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluation technique (TIE) was applied to identify the chemical groups responsible for the effects. Sediments from harbor and industrial areas exhibited toxicity linked to moderate to high concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cr. The TIE technique confirmed such effects, but it also indicates the contribution of ammonia and organic compounds to the observed toxicity. Our results demonstrate that the combination of multiple LOEs improves the effectiveness of environmental risk assessment of chemical stressors and management of coastal ecosystems in tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Galvão de Campos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Feitosa Cruz
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane do Nascimento Monte
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Program of Geochemistry, Department of Geochemistry, 24020-141 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; West Pará State Federal University (UFOPA), Engineering and Geosciences Institute, 68040-255 Santarém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lílian Irene Dias da Silva
- Mineral Analysis Coordination, Center of Mineral Technology (CETEM), Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitária, 21941-908 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Castro Rodrigues
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Program of Geochemistry, Department of Geochemistry, 24020-141 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Health Science Center, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 24020141m Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wilson Machado
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Program of Geochemistry, Department of Geochemistry, 24020-141 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mazarrasa I, Puente A, Núñez P, García A, Abascal AJ, Juanes JA. Assessing the risk of marine litter accumulation in estuarine habitats. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 144:117-128. [PMID: 31179977 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rivers and estuaries are among the main entrances of litter to the marine environment. This study characterizes marine litter deposits in three estuaries of the Gulf of Biscay, assesses its potential impact in estuarine habitats based on expert elucidation, and develops a methodology to estimate the associated environmental risk. Litter was ubiquitous in the estuaries of study, mostly represented by plastic debris and sanitary waste. High marsh communities acted as litter traps, showing significantly higher litter densities than adjacent habitats. The expected impact was valued to be low but different across habitats and possible litter-habitat interactions. The estimated risk was low but different across habitats and estuaries, determined by the probability of encounter and the expected impact. This study contributes to increase the scarce knowledge available on the threat that marine litter poses in estuarine environments and presents a methodology to help identify those habitats under a higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Mazarrasa
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Araceli Puente
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Paula Núñez
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Andrés García
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Ana J Abascal
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - José A Juanes
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
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Gómez AG, Valdor PF, Ondiviela B, Díaz JL, Juanes JA. Mapping the environmental risk assessment of marinas on water quality: The Atlas of the Spanish coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:355-365. [PMID: 30686438 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recreational sailing sector has an impact on water quality in marinas. This study proposes a standard procedure to assess the environmental risk of marinas on water quality. Risk is assessed through integrating environmental pressures, environmental conditions and societal responses (i.e. the Pressure-State-Response model). Pressures are estimated considering the main driving forces: navigation, port, dredging and external activities. State is estimated through combining the susceptibility, the ecological value and naturalness. Response is estimated through environmental management instruments and adopted measures. Managers and authorities can hierarchically classify marinas from a multi-scale spatial framework. This tool is particularly powerful for generating local, regional or national atlases to prioritize environmental planning actions. The method is applied to 320 marinas along the Spanish coast. This implementation confirms the usefulness, versatility and adaptability of this procedure as a tool for the environmental management of marinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina G Gómez
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Paloma F Valdor
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Bárbara Ondiviela
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Juan L Díaz
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - José A Juanes
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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Jahan S, Strezov V. Water quality assessment of Australian ports using water quality evaluation indices. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189284. [PMID: 29244876 PMCID: PMC5731693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Australian ports serve diverse and extensive activities, such as shipping, tourism and fisheries, which may all impact the quality of port water. In this work water quality monitoring at different ports using a range of water quality evaluation indices was applied to assess the port water quality. Seawater samples at 30 stations in the year 2016–2017 from six ports in NSW, Australia, namely Port Jackson, Botany, Kembla, Newcastle, Yamba and Eden, were investigated to determine the physicochemical and biological variables that affect the port water quality. The large datasets obtained were designed to determine the Water Quality Index, Heavy metal Evaluation Index, Contamination Index and newly developed Environmental Water Quality Index. The study revealed medium water quality index and high and medium heavy metal evaluation index at three of the study ports and high contamination index in almost all study ports. Low level dissolved oxygen and higher level of total dissolved solids, turbidity, fecal coliforms, copper, iron, lead, zinc, manganese, cadmium and cobalt are mainly responsible for the poor water qualities of the port areas. Good water quality at the background samples indicated that various port activities are the likely cause for poor water quality inside the port area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayka Jahan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vladimir Strezov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University NSW, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Valdor PF, Puente A, Gómez AG, Ondiviela B, Juanes JA. Are environmental risk estimations linked to the actual environmental impact? Application to an oil handling facility (NE Spain). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:941-951. [PMID: 27865520 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risk analysis of aquatic systems includes the evaluation of the likelihood that adverse ecological effects may occur as a result of exposure to one or more stressors. In harbor areas, pollution is provided by a complex mixture of substances with different levels of toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation, which complicates the hazards characterization and their multiple effects. A study of the relationship between the environmental impact and the environmental risk assessment at a specific isolated oil handling facility was undertaken. The environmental risk of the oil handling facility, considering the consequences of specific pollutants, was estimated and the associated environmental impact was quantified based on a 'weights of evidence' approach. The contamination quantified at the potentially affected area around the monobuoy of Tarragona has proved to be related with environmental risk estimations but the lines of evidence obtained do not allow us to assert that the activity developed at this facility has an associated environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma F Valdor
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Araceli Puente
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Aina G Gómez
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Bárbara Ondiviela
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - José A Juanes
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
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Valdor PF, Gómez AG, Ondiviela B, Puente A, Juanes JA. Prioritization maps: The integration of environmental risks to manage water quality in harbor areas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 111:57-67. [PMID: 27474343 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A method to integrate the environmental risk of the multiple effects from uses and activities developed in harbor areas is presented. Consequences are considered as the effects derived from all identified hazards. Vulnerability is expressed in terms of functional relations between environmental susceptibility against a disturbance and the state of protection of the receptors at risk. Consequences and vulnerability are integrated obtaining a spatial variation of risk: prioritization maps. The maps are developed by 4 main stages: (1) environmental hazard identification; (2) estimation of the consequences; (3) estimation of vulnerability and, (4) integration of environmental risks. To adapt prioritization maps to the peculiarities of the study area, three different methods for the integration of the effects are proposed: average-value, worst-case and weighted methods. The implementation to a real case (Tarragona harbor, NE Spain) confirms its usefulness as a risk analysis tool to communicate and support water quality management in harbors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma F Valdor
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Aina G Gómez
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Bárbara Ondiviela
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Araceli Puente
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - José A Juanes
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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